Organize a country area. The planning of the country site is the creation of optimal comfort and coziness (56 photo ideas). Video: Interesting ideas for the design of the country area
You have become a happy owner land plot. Congratulations! But do not hurry to plant his favorite fruit cultures, a berry, building a fence. The development of the site needs to be performed by the folk saying - to rush slowly.
After purchase, before mastering the site you need to perform a large amount of work on documentary property. After all, the contract of sale is only the initial stage of entry into the property.
The beginning of mastering property
It all starts with property design. The purchased plot needs to be "stamped", that is, to make a documented. It is necessary that small 5 cm in one way or another side did not become a big headache in the future to you or your heirs. Therefore, do not rush to the area to dig, plant, build.
- Initially, with documents certifying the purchase of the site, you must contact the Cadastral Chamber of Registration. Get the cadastral number for the purchased real estate.
- Do not save! Spend the interviewing area, even if it is purchased from the previous owner with good neighbors, not claiming 10-20 cm busy illegally area. Conducting an intertarization procedure. The procedure will focus on the border area and the area of \u200b\u200bthe country or land.
- Having received these 2 documents, already on their own, you are a column site, that is, limit it in contour on the ground. To do this, it is necessary to make the territory correctly. Plot. From the inside of the site to score poles (without going beyond the line of intertime) and temporarily pull the wire or the grid of the Rabita.
- Inspect the fenced area, calculate the material possibilities of its development and arrangement. Countess the family as a job: in parallel with the construction of housing and other household buildings with garden and garden concerns, everything is done independently and only in extreme cases to resort to helping from outside or contact the help of builders, landscape designers, agricultural workers.
Pre-planning of the site
In parallel with the documentary, you start planning the site. Do not hurry! Previously familiarize yourself with the requirements for the observance of buildings of buildings and landings in relation to neighboring sites. In the construction zone, residential landings are located at a distance of 4-5 meters from the neighbors or so that the maximum of the time shadow from home and other buildings remained in its own area. Trees around the perimeter of the plot should be planted at a distance of 3 m, and the berries 2 m from the neighboring land. Strawberries and garden plants 30-50 cm from the separating fence. When erecting green hedges, it is necessary to select species that do not form numerous piglets on underground shoots in order not to clog the neighbor's section.
Mandatory zones
If you are new to questions landscape design, invite a specialist and listen to his advice. With independent planning, allocate in general terms, taking into account the recommendations on the observance of the boundaries of the required zones:
- economic
- recreation area
- garden-berry,
- garden.
In the same place, we need to designate the general travel tracks, water supply and sewage communications. The central, the main entrance should be wide enough (to the garage, house), but not to go far deep into the site, since you cannot use this earth for other purposes.
On separate sheets of the plan-scheme (on a specific scale), plan the location of the zones, taking into account the occupied area. In the economic zone, mark the location of buildings (house or garden house Garage, additional surviving buildings (temporary household), workshop, sanitary zone, including toilet, bath and others). The development of the site starts from the economic zone. Sanitary corner is located no closer than 15-20 meters from housing so (in the absence of permanent sewer communications) so that toilet and bathing waste does not get to the neighbors (especially for garden sectors).
Development of the economic zone
Priority tasks - a water supply device or artesian and sewage with a toilet installation. Conduct household conditions. Install a tent or trailer, a temporary warehouse for building materials, tools, other utility installations. Then, having a construction plan, begin to bring construction materials, dig foundation, etc.
Install the temporary warehouse for building materials, tools, other utility installations. © Sustainable SelfBuild Development of the garden zone
On the next sheet of the diagram, you allocate the garden-garden zone. The garden, a berry and garden can be located in a joint zone, broken in front of the buildings, side or rear, but always the location of the plants should go from the north to the south for better illumination. If all 3 types of crops are located one after another, then in the first section there are vegetable garden, whose low plants will not shade the cultures of the second site (berries), and they, in turn, do not create problems with lighting fruit crops. If the garden, the berry and the garden are scheduled to be located in separate parts of the site, their placement in nature must comply with the following conditions:
- plot under the garden and the berry should be located in an outdoor sunny place with high groundwater standing. It is impossible to lay the garden in lowland cold air flow and excess water with spring floors will negatively affect cultures,
- the garden plot should include a cultural circulation with 5-11 cultures, so that they fell to the previous place of cultivation not earlier than 3-5 years. The plot should receive a sufficient amount of sunlight, be protected from drafts.
For the successful development of the garden-berry zone, it is necessary to thoroughly think about which cultures will be placed on a highlighted area, and place them in the diagram with the designation of species and remoteness from each other. Placing cultures in the scheme, keep in mind that the distance between fruit crops should be at least 3-4 m (3 m for dwarf or colonum-shaped varieties), between shrubs 1.5-2.0 m. In the garden diary, write down the names of fruit and berry crops and a brief description, and in the diagram, specify the location of the area on the area.
Young fruit garden. © Redsun. The garden plan and the rules of the garden laying are discussed in detail in articles, and other placed on the page of the site "Botanich".
Soil preparation in the garden zone
With irrigation water and sewage, you have already been determined, the main communication wiring is made, the plan-scheme is composed, you can proceed to general planning Gardening garden in kind. The upper layer of the soil from construction sites is immediately exported to the "ground islands", that is, to the places of future plantations marked on the plan-scheme.
Spend a horizontal layout, scatter the brought soil soil over the field. If the sector is centered, plowing or disappear and give the soil samples into the nearest laboratory on physico-chemical analysis. Having an analysis result can be started by the site.
- If the soil is scaled, then deoxidation.
- It is possible to reduce the clogs different ways: With the use of chemical preparations of herbicides and without them. During the first year, provocative irrigation, cultivations to cause increased reproduction of weeds and, instilled them, reduce the overall clogs (mostly annual weeds).
- If the soil is depleted, increase the overall background of fertility by making manure, bird litter, humus, humus, mineral fertilizer, sowing Sideratov in several deadlines. These works are necessary. Do not hurry with vegetables disembarking. Sowing and landing should be carried out in the prepared ground, otherwise (especially with rare visits) will collect a huge harvest of seeding weeds.
If necessary, perform improvements in the state of the soil in the garden. © Langley Middle School Garden Registration of the fence site
Construction and garden-garden works are underway on the highlighted zones. The drainage, water supply and sewage communications completed. After a large building material (overlapping, etc.) is brought and placed, it is possible to start the construction of the fence. The front part of the fence from entry into the yard is better to build the latter.
On the perimeter of the site, you can build a capital fence of stone and other building materials and close it with decorative shrubs. You can land around the perimeter live hedge Of the decorative-deciduous and decorative and blooming high shrubs (barberries, diet, sea buckthorn and other crops). Prickly intertwing shoots will not only serve decorative decoration Plot, but also protect against the penetration of irrepressible guests. The entry zone on the site is made up one of the latter. It consists of a gate and a concrete platform, decorated with small architectural shapes, lamps, decorative discounts, arches.
Arrangement of the recreation area
The rest of the recreation zone is laited last. Its dimensions, decor, the list of structures depend on the purpose of the land plot:
- family Recreation, where the maximum number of area is assigned to a green landscape with decorative plantings, flower beds, alpine slides, mixlers, sports and other structures: sandboxes, doll house, swings, arbors, gymnastic walls, pool, pond with fish and water plants,
- place of permanent residence of a family with arrangement of all household amenities, greenhouses, winter Garden or greenhouses, guests receiving
- the usual cottage having a household zone in the form dacha house, garage and some other buildings. The main area at such a dacha is allocated under the garden-garden zone, intended for the cultivation of environmentally friendly and anti-allergenic products used in the fresh form and winter blanks. In this case, the recreation area is limited to the place for the preparation of exotic dishes (kebabs, barbecue) on open air, gazebo, flower bed.
After the arrangement of all planned zones, regardless of the purpose of the land plot, it is necessary to equip the working tracks, on the sides of which are the narrow tapes of flower beds or shrubs that do not lose decorativeness after haircuts. Make in general decorative plantslocated in different parts of land tenure.
When purchasing a previously mastered area, the same zones are laid on the plan-schemes and a thorough inventory of construction and living space is carried out. The list of works includes the reconstruction of the preservation area. At the same time, old, patients fruit trees subject to cutting.
So that the stumps are faster than collapsed, drill in stump several holes, fill them with an ammonium nitrate and are closed with a material that transmits water. Ammonia fertilizer corps wood in a short time and stump residues are already easy to free from the ground. If the stump stayed in the recreation area or on the lawn at the pond, you can cut the middle (to form a bowl), fill it with soil and plant flowering plants. Uncomfortable berry bushes instead of cutting, transplanted to a new place. When mastering the site, the disembarkation of decorative shrubs, trees, group springs of giving the unique individuality of the landowner planting last.
Do your planning cottage plotThis is very interesting, because you can come up with a bunch of all interesting decisions.
To beautifully and efficiently improve the territory need to have some knowledge.
Our article will help you step by step to fulfill the main work and decorate your plot.
Where to begin?
Before starting work, you need to make a plan. On it, reflect your site, sketch its shape, display all the buildings and be sure to take into account the terrain, streams may flow on such sites.
Also consider the location of your territory, in the lowland or on the elevation of your home. If the cottage is built under the mountain and streams fall into the plot, then its arrangement will take a lot of time and effort.
The planning of the territory implies the division of it on the zone, this is a living area, a recreation area, a vegetable garden and economic extensions. For each construction you need to highlight a certain place and set the area.
The living area, that is, your home should take about 25% of the place from the entire territory, the toilet, the bath and the barn, must fit by 15-17% of the area.
The biggest place on the plot, as always to be done for the garden and the garden, which means that you can plant and grow berries, fruit trees, favorite flowers, construct artificial reservoirs, build a gazebo, in general, make the territory beautiful and refined.
The first thing is to build on the plot, it is, of course, the house. Everyone is building it at a different place, someone in the center, who likes it, so that the house holds the first line immediately after the gate.
A gazebo or terrace is built near the house, closer to the garden, to enjoy while resting fresh air and the aroma of trees. The playground is also placed closer to the gazebo, at its level or for it.
Toilet, Bath and Saraike must take a place closer to the fence. In this case, they will remain invisible on the site and will not take place.
There is no single type of landscaping of the country area, since everyone has different territories both in size and form. Standard type of site is a square or a rectangle.
On its territory, summer residents love to create roccari from stones, plants and reservoirs.
Planning a plot, the process is creative and interesting, but to make a cottage and beautiful, it will not be superfluous to see some works of landscape designers.
Draw a schema
After you have decided on the site of buildings on the territory, mark them on paper and draw. So, you will clearly ease your work, and you will surely imagine that where to place, namely:
- Where the house will stand, which side of the site will be the entrance.
- Place for household buildings.
- Where you put the gazebo and playground.
- Direction tracks.
- Place for flower and pond.
- Communications.
Strictly observing the sequence of buildings, the main place on the plot belongs to the house, then we build a garage, sheds, bath and toilet.
Last but I choose a place for a gazebo, barbecue area, summer soul etc. The garden and the garden is given enough space, depending on what you plan to plant there.
Plot layout depending on the size
Depending on how much across the cottage site occupies and the location of buildings should be design.
If a plot is not more than 6 acres, then with competent zoning of the territory you can build everything you need. The house at such a plot will turn out no more than 20-25 square meters. m., Parking - about 7 square meters. m., garden - no more than 100 square meters. m.
If your site is large, from 12 to 15 acres, then it has a serious project that you have to work on how to work.
According to the standard plan, everything will be built here and even large on the area of \u200b\u200bobjects, for example, the house here will stand just a huge, with a summer terrace and spacious parking.
Developing the development plan for its site yourself, consider all the nuances to build and place the country objects. Use a clear work plan and adhere to the advice of experienced masters.
Photo of successful planning of the country area
In this article we will tell about how to organize a country area based on its parameters and in accordance with their needs and capabilities. After all, a competent approach to planning the territory of the land plot guarantees a number of advantages.
We note the following:
- the possibility of rational use of space;
- security comfortable accommodation in a country house;
- ensuring optimal conditions for the cultivation of garden plantations;
- ensuring an attractive type of country area.
Factors affecting the planning of the country area
How and where to start the development of the country area is a question that, sooner or later, is interested in every person who has become the owner of the land.
Let's try to determine what factors affect the process of planning a country land plot.
- Terrain is one of the most important moments . The relief of the site can be smooth or hilly.
The planning of the territory with even relief does not constitute a special complexity, while hilly relief requires accounting for soil stability, groundwater presence and, as a result, the threat of landslides.
- The form of a plot is no less important factor that cannot be taken into account when planning.
The optimal configuration is a traditional rectangle. But, along with such a form, there are difficult outlines, which will be forced differently to approach the issue of the house of household attacks and gardening zone.
- Soil type is a factor that needs to be taken into account both when building a country house and when planning a perimeter of the garden. Soils can be light, sandy and at the same time fertile. On the other hand, the earth can be severely medium divided or clay.
Of particular interest is the planning of the site, within which several soil types are found. In this case, it will be necessary to carry out an independent geodesic study in order to find out where it is better to place a house with your own hands, and where it is advisable to do agriculture.
Important: If the soil "Poor" is not despair, since the fertile land can always be ordered and purchased in the required quantity.
- The presence of natural water bodies and groundwater levels are factors that can make certain adjustments in the method of planning land.
Located near the reservoir - this is a significant advantage, since watering the garden requires considerable volumes clean waterwhose price can be high. On the other hand, the presence of groundwater near the surface layers of the soil is a negative factor that can adversely affect the resource erected.
- Location of engineering communications and, as a result, the possibility of connecting cottages to electrical distribution networks, natural gas, water, etc.
Important: Acquisition or rental of a diesel generator for the cottage, the use of pumping equipment and the import of wood or stone coal for a furnace to some extent will make you independent of the location of certain engineering communications.
Features of the planning of a plot of 6 acres
In the photo - Typical exhibition of cottages by 6 acres
How to start a summer cottage area of \u200b\u200b6 acres? Of course with the designation of gardening territory. The fact is that 6 acres are not so much to think about the construction of a full cottage. Therefore, if at your disposal turned out to be such a land, the best and most part it is advisable to take off the fruit trees or under the garden.
Of course, throughout dacha season We need temporary housing and storage room for agricultural motor. Under limited space, it will be possible to apply summer houses from a block of containers or wooden cabins.
Such designs are compact, relatively comfortable, and during the interruption between land, they can be applied to store the tool or harvest assembled. The location of the residential building is planning with the settlement so that it, regardless of the time of day, did not throw the shadow to the garden.
Important: In order to protect plantings from cold winds, all buildings are advisable to place along the northern border of the site.
If the earth is used under fruit trees, or the house is located on the side of the site, and the trees are planted with rows at a distance of 2.5-3 meters from each other. With this location, optimal lighting will be provided on the site, which is an integral condition for collecting abundant harvest.
Features of the planning of a plot of 15 acres
Unlike previous option15 acres is a considerable territory, as for construction small houseand for breeding a full-fledged garden.
Possessing the territory of 15 acres with a fantasy and, in addition to the house and garden, plan the optimal location of a small recreation area, a flower garden and even leave, how much square meters below the location of the inflatable pool.
In addition, we can plan a summer cottage in 15 acres in such a way that, in addition to residential buildings and the garden, to equip the ivy gazebo and various elements of landscape design.
Having such space in the country area, you can apply certain styles of planning or combining these styles in its design. The easiest way and at the same time it is more efficient to apply a geometric layout, where the entire land put on visually divided into geometric shapes, mainly on rectangles.
In another case, you can apply a mixed layout at which strict geometric forms In the design of the territory is optional or can be combined with the free arrangement of plantations.
Such a diagram of the country area, along with mandatory elements (residential and economic buildings, the garden), allows for the use of landscape design elements, such as artificial reservoirs, lawn, etc.
Now we will define what the stands are on the summer site and how planning is carried out in accordance with these requirements.
Drawing up a plan in accordance with the standards of SNiP 30-02-97
In accordance with general provisions SNiP 30-02-97, horticultural and country farms are equipped within the framework of associations of several farms.
Instructions for the planning of each individual section, as well as all areas included in the horticultural association, is agreed with the administration of local self-government. In support of this body, the general plan of the country area is approved and subsequently approved, which is a legal document.
Apply this document will be possible when setting erected buildings for accounting or when selling cottages. Again, in accordance with these norms, all deviations from the initially composed project are subject to agreement with the administration.
Output
So, we looked at how the development of the country area from scratch is performed. Moreover, we got acquainted with the standards that will have to take into account both when planning and during the construction of the country area.
As a result, you can independently plan the location of those or other elements on our country plot, taking into account the greatest functionality of their application. Have any questions left?
In this case, look at the video in this article.
Excellent article 0.
Buying cottages is an important event in the life of everyone. I want not to make mistakes, take into account and calculate all the little things in order to subsequently there was no need for finishing and rework. Rightly melted area under country housing is a solution to many problematic situations.
In this article we will try to answer the question of how to competently make the layout of the household plot with their own hands.
We study the terrain
Before planning a planning area, it is necessary to carefully examine her features, positive and negative sides. This information will allow the most convenient to arrange buildings and zonate the plot.
Optimally, if the territory for the future cottage will be smooth, not hilly. But also at the site with depressions and hills, in addition to the minuses associated with the relief difficulties, there are also its advantages.
Dacha, located on the hill, looks more winning. Below, we will give more facts about the benefits of building a house on the hills:
- A highly worthwhile building is naturally protected from flooding with rains and a flood.
- In the cottage built on the hill, the basement will never be raw.
- The construction of the foundation will take less time and requires smaller costs, since there is no need for an additional waterproofing layer.
At the beginning, it is necessary to study the peculiarities of the soil - it is necessary to determine which types of plants and shrubs are preferable to grow on the plot.
It may so be that to achieve large yields, it will be necessary to perform amelioration or make a new fertile soil layer, and can add feeding.
Information about groundwater is useful in determining best places For the construction of the house. It will also help to answer the question: whether they need drainage, and on what bushes and trees to stop their choice.
In addition to all the above, do not forget about the rose of winds. The wind load information is also largely influenced by planning.
We are determined with the style zoning style
After studying the features of the country area, it is necessary to decide which style for her to choose.
There are the following variations:
Regular garden
This variant is preferable if it is planned to grow agricultural cell or fruits. For this type of layout, direct trails and tracks, straight corners, chess or linear order Planting trees, clear forms of flower, strict borders, as well as houses and buildings built on one axis.
Landscape design
Such a breakdown is most suitable for a hilly area located on several tiers.
Distinctive features are curly, winding paths, asymmetrically planted plants, the absence of strict forms, smoothness and streamliness of lines.
Here you can not see strict turns, sharp catch and rectangles.
Mixed style
This combination is above the above planning variations. Usually applied during self-breaking territory.
We divide the area to zones
Dacha has a lot of destinations. It grows vegetables and fruits on it, plant flowers, they are engaged in a clock. Also is a resting place from urban fuss.
It follows from this that the site must be a game corner for children, a gazebo and a manbon for adults, as well as a place for clamshells and hammock. Strong half of humanity is not against the arrangement at the cottage workshop.
According to the photo planning of the country area, it is clear that usually outdoor territory It is customary to be broken into the following zones:
- Residential building.
- Recreation area.
- Economic structures.
- Zone garden and garden.
In some cases, a separate zone is removed for access roads and paths.
The breakdown of the area on the zone is conditional in nature, it is based on the experience of planning country mansions. The sizes of the zones depend on the preferences of the owners and the planned application of the territory.
Typically, it is distinguished from the total area to accommodate the garden and the garden. Sometimes, on the contrary, most of the recreation area. All this is a matter of taste.
Planning the territory of your cottage for anyone. We hope that this article will help you with this. Good luck!
Photo planning of the country area
Before each owner of the household, country or gardening and gardening, the question arises of the right placement of the garden on its site. The word "correct" suggests that there are some rules, norms or mandatory principles for which the garden should be equipped. And some general principlesOf course, you can allocate - but it is some. This is due to a huge variety of conditions in which areas are located, but also also the personal preferences of the owners have an important meaning.
At all should not blindly copy someone else's experienceEspecially if it is an experience gained in another soil-climatic zone. And what about? What to take novice gardens?
Choose a place for the garden
Let's start with the question that certainly occurs when planning: where in the site to place a garden, what part of the total area under it. After the simplest calculation of the need for vegetables (see) it usually turns out that the site is enough to highlight the site area of \u200b\u200babout 3 acres. More or less - will depend on the composition of the family and the desire to experiment with any cultures.
Under the garden allocate the solar place, without shading on the south side. Unlike the garden, which is placed on the northern slope, for the garden is preferable southern Exposition. This is if the garden is only a garden. To the garden plot are presented certain requirements:
- under vegetables, elevated doses of fertilizers (both organic and mineral) are made;
- provide good air permeability to the soils, for which disintegrators are made in the form of straw cutting, straw manure, river coarse sand;
- create optimal conditions for moisture, remove excess water through drainage or arrange watering with insufficient moisture;
- protect the area from the dominant winds, planting decorative or fruit trees from the windward side, but so that the shading is not - all vegetables are light-sounded.
Recently has become fashionable to arrange decorative garden. Here, vegetable cultures are still executed and formed functions, so they are selected by decorative qualities. But this is still exotic. If the topic of decorative garden is interesting to you - read articles about the principles of its organization from the list of recommended literature to the lesson.
Undesirable to plant vegetables in the gardens of gardens, where there is shading, competition for water and nutrients, There is a danger of contamination of products with poisons used to protect the garden. Yes, and vegetables are better managed in open areas.
Place greenhouses and greenhouses
Vegetable crops are quite a lot, and they are very diverse in their external signs and the peculiarities of growing. The desire of the gardener to ensure itself with early vegetables leads to the need to highlight the area under warmed soil. Now there are no problems in the acquisition of various greenhouses and greenhouses or materials for independent construction.
In the protected ground grown in small quantities Heat-loving vegetable crops: tomatoes, pepper, eggplant, cucumber, cook. To obtain an early greenery in a warmed soil as sealing seals salad, dill, petrushka And other herbs. To meet the need for early vegetables, 4-5 plants of each culture are usually enough.
The area under warmed soil is usually no more than 100 sq.m. But in zones with cool summer, grow thermal-loving vegetables in the open ground is problematic, and they are grown only under the shelters. In this case, greenhouses are needed, and their area will already be higher - up to 300 sq.m. and even more. Sure, better culture Not related to growing separately, for example: cucumber with zucchild in one building, and tomatoes, pepper and eggplant - in another. But if there are few plants, it is difficult to implement, and not too need.
The peculiarities of growing vegetables in the greenhouses is dedicated next lesson -. There we will consider in detail all important nuances.
Construct Grokery
Crickerels make spring, just placing tracks. The tracks between the beds should provide a free passage and the ability to get a hand from the track until the middle of the beds. As a rule, for this width of the track must be not less than 40-50 cm. The length of the beds themselves can be arbitrary, and the width is convenient for work: such that the hand can be free to get a little further than the middle of the bed. It is necessary for hand work - Sowing, weeding, harvesting.
Beds for individual cultures (like greenhouses) with a long side better place from North to South - So plants will be better covered during the day. The number of rows of plants in beds - arbitrary.
Usually do the beds rectangular shape. By your device, they can be different. So, in the south, they try to throw in the surface of the soil or even in-depth, and in the center of the country and in the north - raised. The edges of the beds are usually not limited to the framework, but when the device is a narrow variety, the mittlider or warm steam beds are arranged the frame from the board or flat slate, other materials.
Various methods Devices are a variety: beugoons or raised, in the frame and so on - it is better to master gradually. Read more about what beds are, how to build them, what are the advantages and disadvantages different options - Read in articles from the list to read this lesson.
For large plants (with a large bush) or Liana make wide distances between the rows - from 40 to 90 cm, and between small plants, on the contrary, the aisle is reduced to 15 cm and even less. The largest rivers require pumpkin and plenty zucchini- more than 1.5-2 m;
- wide aisle is needed for tomatov, pepper, eggplazana, white cabbage, beans.
- narrow aisle - for beets, carrots, green crops.
Plant placement schemes on beds:
- roots - 6 cm between plants in a row and 10-15 cm of aisle; It is also convenient to place most green and spyaromatic plants;
- polenovyov Support for each bush; Place them according to a 50 × 50 or 70 × 70 cm scheme;
- early cabbage placed according to the scheme 40 × 40 cm;
- late cabbage - according to a 50 × 70 cm scheme;
- cucumber: When growing on the support, it is left 25-30 cm between the bushes; When growing without gateway between plants, 60-70 cm are left, and the aisle increases to 90-120 cm;
- white-type zucchini placed after 40 cm;
- zucchini plenty - After 70-120 cm.
Source requirements
Plot under the garden should be fertile. Vegetables were traditionally grown on rural houses, where many organic organics were introduced into the soil, but there was a completely different situation in modern garden sites, additional landlocative measures may be required - so, for example, with a shallow groundwater running, drainage is arranged with the drainage of excess water in the arranged water bodies or Wells.
Usually beginners it is necessary to simply make a fertilizer from the fall:
- organic (manure, humid, composts from organic waste) at the rate of 60-100 kg per 100 sq.m;
- mineral complexwhere there are nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (azophoska, nitroammophos, phoscade, autumn and others) - up to 5 kg per 100 sq.m.
Good results gives sewing perennial herbs (Lucerne, clover, Espartzeta) for 2-3 years and their scare. Instead of perennial herbs, you can plan one-year herbs as sideratov. It can be mixtures based on barley or oats with vika or pea. Before the stipples, it is necessary to grind and make a nitrogen-phosphoric fertilizer at the rate of 1-2 kg per weave.
Compost - good organic fertilizer
Fertilizer of individual vegetable crops has its own features. So, under the cucumber, the zucchini, late and middle cabbage makes the organic (manure, humid, compost), and under the tomato, pepper, eggplant - only humus or well-broken compost. Under the onion and root roots, only mineral fertilizers contribute early cabbage.
Fertilizers and feeding devoted separate lesson:. For more information, you will also find more information from the list to read this lesson.
What is a crop rotation, why is it needed and how to organize it
It is impossible to grow alone and the same cultures every year in one place. In the soil, specific pathogens of disease are accumulated, pests fall on the plant residues, soil is unilaterally depleted, it accumulates in it harmful substances - Disintegration products, plants toxic.To avoid these negative consequences, scientists have come up with crop rotation - Scientific substantiated alternation of cultures in time and in the territory. In small areas, it is difficult to use full-fledged crop rotations, here more often use fruitman - alternation by year of alone crops with others.
In the fruit, there is one group of cultures to another in demand for nutrition. Better, if, after the cultures, the organizing was made, there are cultures that are well using the decomposable organic, and behind them - culture with mainly mineral nutrition.
For example, so:
- cabbage middle and late;
- tomato;
- carrot.
Or so:
- cucumber;
- pepper, eggplant;
- beet.
For some cultures are required early predecessor. For example, under winter garlic Only the cucumber, zucchini and green, because garlic is planted in autumn, and it is also necessary to prepare the soil. Perennial vegetable crops are grown on cracks where they can be more than 3-5 years in one place.
Details about the organization of crop rotation (fruitman) on the garden, favorable and negative combinations of cultures, the correct alternation and other nuances are spectacle on one of the following lessons: .
Organization of watering in the garden
Vegetables are demanding not only to soil fertility, but also to ensure moisture. Even in the regions where a sufficient precipitation falls out, there are periods when irrigation is required. Therefore, the site should be water source In the form of a centralized water supply, a well or a container of several tons of water.
If a groundwater Located closer 60-70 cm from the surface, it is better to arrange their assignment beyond the site either to the drainage well. In the arid regions, it is necessary to worry about artificial watering, creating a margin of irrigation water on a plot in tanks or pools.
It is possible to submit water to a vegetable area with a hose, stationary pipeline or with a drip irrigation system. It is better to choose a reinforced or corrugated hose, which is resistant to flexibles, light polypropylene pipesResistant to ultraviolet, non-pressure drip lines of low pressure.
But with any methods of watering it is necessary to determine water quality. Here it is necessary to find out the degree of mineralization, the presence of toxic salts, the pH indicator. You can conduct analysis in zonal scientific institutions for agriculture or laboratories controlling the quality of drinking water.
If the water complies with the requirements, it can be used without fears to water, but if the water is superfluous, or contains toxic salts, or very rigid, it is better to collect and use rainwater, apply filters (which is certainly expensive) - in any case, less use it.
there is rule: Toxicity of water, the less manifests itself, the higher the content of the organic matter in the soil.
Determine the dates of landing
Each culture is sown and planted in their time. If there is an opportunity, the warmed soil is very often used to extend the timing of the harvest: different kinds Greenhouses, greenhouses. Different films and nonwoven materials are used as a translucent coating, and seedlings of thermo-loving crops are planted in such structures: tomatoes, peppers, eggplant, cucumber and zucchini, as well as cold-resistant crops as an early cabbage, color, Peking - to get earlier products.When using warmed soil, it is important that seedlings are not just high quality, but also certain varieties and hybridscapable of maximizing the crop costs of designs and films.
Also vegetables can be soiled directly in open sad Or plant seedlings. The most first in the ground usually seed green crops, followed by carrots, onions, beets, and then planted seedlings of thermo-loving crops and cabbage.
Selection of varieties - Case complex. It is better to navigate the assortment recommended for a specific zone. There are many options and each of their pros and cons. In detail how to choose a variety of vegetables for your garden, we said
How to care for garden
Garden care is ruffle rods - Usually after rains, irrigations or feeding. As the plants develop, the depth of loosening will first increase, and then decrease to not damage the growing roots.Subordinate Conducted to adjust the power. It is better for them to use special brands of complex water-soluble fertilizers containing 5-7 microelements. When applying fertilizers, the attached instruction is usually followed.
There is also a need for protection against pests, pathogens of diseases and weeds. Apply herbicides - means of combating weeds, in small areas it is impractical. All the same they are unsafe, and it is difficult not to damage themselves cultural plants. Manual weeping Stay the most effective means of fighting weeds.
Among plant protection products There are not only chemical, but also biological, and they should be preferred. But in the fight against particularly dangerous diseases and pests, it should not be neglected with chemical protection. At the same time, it is necessary to strictly adhere to the regulations for the application of plant protection tools, do not exceed the dose and not reduce the waiting period - the time during which after processing it is impossible to work with plants and use products to food. This will be discussed in detail in one of the following lessons.
Vegetable crops are divided into one-eyed and multi-police. For multi-drug characteristics continuous blossom and harvesting. In such cultures like tomato, pepper, eggplant, zucchini, cucumber fruits are collected as they achieve removable maturity. Vintage at regular fees they increase. Cabbage, root and onions are removed once, with full maturation. Many cultures have a combination of periodic fees and disposable cleaning. In dope and lettuce, for example, you can first break part of the leaves, and at the end of removable maturity and all the plant.
The maintenance of the garden is fascinating: as they develop some questions, new, even more complex appears. This process is creative and affected by art.
