How to make a sewage in a two-story house. How to spend sewage in a private house: recommendations of specialists. General principles and rules of construction

Sewage in a private house is necessarily needed if you live there constantly, and very desirable if you give there only the summer months. I will help you deal with the basic schemes of the sewer system, and we will analyze the algorithm for performing key steps of work.

Channelization scheme

Sewerage for a private house - an integral condition for comfortable accommodation. You can only use the street and mesh pit temporarily. Sooner or later, the question of creating a complex system is understood.

Before making sewage in a private house, you need to decide on its configuration. The easiest way to do this, consistently:

Analysis of available communications. If there is a centralized sewage network in the settlement, then the work is simplified by an order. It will be enough for us to just get to the collector pipe to connect to it.

To connect to a general collector, permission is required from the local administration, and the work itself is better to entrust specialists. But in any case, it will be much cheaper than the sewer tank itself.

Determining the type of tank. Here we have only two options: septicch or cesspool. Septic tank is more difficult and more expensive, but he is less likely to pump, the cesspool is the opposite. The optimal choice is a septic tank combined with a biological treatment station, but the high cost acts as a limiting factor.

Choosing a place for a tank. In this question, you need to be guided by the current standards that determine the minimum distance from the pit or septicity to different objects. It is advisable to find a point at the bottom of the relief (to dig less) at a distance of at least 10 meters from home and at least 15 m from the well / well.
Selection of the room.The sewage system of a private house must bind all the water drain points together. It is worth collecting them as close as possible to each other, because we determine where the bathroom will be. It is advisable to have it outdoor Wall, on the other side of the house where the reservoir will be - so we will spend less forces and means for laying pipes.

Pre-planning.Based on the information received, we build the plan of the entire system and pre-calculate how many and what materials we need. According to the calculations, we plan a budget (you immediately launch an excess of 30% in it) and we estimate whether the project will be "lifting".

If the preliminary stage has been completed successfully, you can move to procurement and implementation of preliminary works.

Materials for creating autonomous sewage

An independent sewage device in part-finding is a fairly resource-intensive project. What minimum of materials will be required to implement it?

The main articles are expented in the table:

Illustration	Element design
	Ready septic. The optimal solution for the autonomous sewer system is the installation of septicity of industrial production (tank, triton and analogs). These products are equipped with multi-chamber reservoir of sufficient volume and all the necessary appliances for primary sewage treatment, so we will just install them. The main minus - high price.
	Plastic Capacity for Septic. As a tank, you can use a plastic (polyethylene, polypropylene) tank for waste accumulation. You can also purchase the so-called Eurocube. A plus - Full tightness of the system. Minus - sufficiently high cost and the need to install additional treatment devices.
	Concrete rings. If, when creating a sewer system, it will be saving money, then tanks for accumulation and cleaning wastewater Can be made from standard concrete rings. Disadvantage - The need to additionally seal the capacity and complexity of installation. Without attracting the crane, perhaps not to do.
	Pipes for external sewage. For connections village pit Or the septicity with the house is used special exterior pipes (orange color). They are well tolerated the temperature differences and are not deformed even under significant pressure when laying at a depth.
	Pipes and fittings for internal sewage. The internal sewering layout is formed from polypropylene (gray) pipes with a diameter of 110 to 40 mm. Together with the pipes, it is desirable to purchase the desired number of fittings for the design of turns, taps, revisions, etc.
	Pipe heat insulation. When laying the outer part of the network, as well as when installing communications in unheated premises (base, basement), there is a risk of freezing pipes. To avoid this, the sewer system is preferably insulated using housings from mineral Wat, Polyeneetylene, polyurethane foam, etc.

In addition to the basic materials that are used directly to create a system, additional will be needed:

gravel and sand for earthworks and styling of the drainage layer;
cement mortar;
sealant based on moisture-resistant silicone;
audit wells - if you need to lay a long or winding pipeline.

Outdoor work

Stage 1. Principle of operation and calculation of the amount of septic

Installation of sewage in a private house includes two types of work:

outdoor - consist in the device of the tank (cesspool or septic) and laying the pipe to the house;
internal - Ensure the installation of pipe wiring in the house and connecting water consumption points to it.

If there is a possibility, then these works are performed in parallel, if not, then you need to start from the outdoor device.

The most efficient design for the autonomous sewage septication is considered to be septic. Unlike a cesspool, it does not accumulate the drains, but ensures their processing. At the output, it turns out relatively pure waterwhich is filtered into the soil, polluting it with an organic at the minimum level.

Works septic enough simple:

Adjustion. First, wastewater falls into the first container - sump. It is carried out the separation of sewage into fractions: solids precipitate (yl), light organics floats on the surface and in the middle portion of the clarified collected liquid. There is also a bacterial decomposition of waste with the release of gaseous reaction products and mineralization of residues.

Pereliv. In the wall of the first container, the overflow hole is made, which is located at the level of filling. Through the overflow tube, the clarified water comes from the sump to the second chamber, and solid residues are delayed.
Filtration. In the second chamber (filtration or drain well), the clarified strokes pass through the drainage layer at the bottom. Drainage detains another part of pollution, because almost clean water enters the soil.

For this principle, almost all septics work - both homemade and factory. The difference lies in the design of the tanks, as well as in their quantity. Sometimes the septic tank has not two, but three cameras - then another tank for more efficient cleaning is added between the septic tank and the filtration container.

Before you have a septic, you need to calculate its optimal volume.

The calculation of the septicism is performed by the formula:

V \u003d n * Q * 3/1000where

V. - the desired septicism in cubic meters;
n. - the number of people permanently residing in the house;
Q. - the rate of consumption of water per person, liters per day;
3 - average drainage duration of wastewater, day.

If you take the cost of consumption approved in SNiP 200 liters, then, for example, for 4 people the volume will be like this:

V \u003d 4 * 200 * 3/1000 \u003d 2.4 m3.

Stage 2. Installation and equipment of the sewer tank

Now we'll figure it out how to make the sewage in a private house. The algorithm for the device is septic in the table:

Illustration	Stage of work
	Digging pit. In the selected location, we apply to the markup site, after which the knob is knocked for installing tanks. The dimensions of the pit select from the reserve - so that the bottom could put a layer of bedding and waterproofing / drainage, and on the sides to make a clay castle. For septicles of a small volume, the drunk rotates manually, for large-scale structures it is better to use the services of an excavator.
	Preparation of the foundation. The bottom of the pit is equal, after which we put a sandy bench with a thickness of up to 20 cm. Plumbing trambra. Under the installation location of the settler (first container) may be beforehand laid a waterproof pillow of clay or concrete disk whose diameter corresponds to the diameter of the well.
	Installing containers. At the bottom of the pit, we lower concrete rings, from which two wells form. The joints between the rings are sealing in order to exclude the ingress of crude drains in the ground.
	DNA device tanks. The lower part of the sump is done hermetic, pouring a layer of concrete thick up to 10 cm. Additionally, you can process the base bituminous mastic and put the waterproofing rolled material. At the bottom of the filtration well, we fall asleep drainage: pebbles, gravel, broken ceramic brick, etc. It is also possible to make holes in the lower ring of the tank or to use a special perforated preform of reinforced concrete.
	Registration overflow. Both tanks connect the overflow tube, which insert into the holes at a distance of about 1.5 m from the bottom. To the settler from the filtration capacity did not fall organic waste, set on a pipe T-fitting. Due to the presence of a lower nozzle, such a fitting makes it possible to make the selection of the clarified liquid under the surface film from the organic. The installation site of the overflow pipe is thoroughly sealed.
	Overlapping and neck. Plates of overlap with holes for hatches are installed on the wells. If the septic is located deeply, the neck can be additionally used - narrower rings, providing access for cleaning, revision and repair.
	Ventilation and hatches. Insert the ventilation pipe into the overlap. It is advisable to make it higher - so an unpleasant smell will quickly disappear. Wells or separately declined necks cover the suites of a suitable diameter by fixing them with a cement solution.

If Septic is below the level groundwater, It is desirable to take it outside, using rubberoid or bitumen mastic. Also, the injection of moisture in the chamber will help the laying of a dense layer of clay along the perimeter of the tanks - the so-called clay castle.

Stage 3. Laying pipes from the tank to the house

The next element of the outer sewage is a pipe connecting the tank with the house. It will receive wastewater in the sewage / cumulative structure.

Pipe laying technology:

Illustration	Executable operation
	Drain and trench preparation. There is a depth of 50 cm to 1.5 m between the house and septice (the deeper the soil in winter freezes - the more you have to dig). For the most efficient flow, we form a bias in the side of the septicism of about 2 cm per 1 m. At the bottom, we lay a sandy submission up to 15 cm. The subference is moisturizing and trambra.
	Pipe laying. The trench is placed in the pipe to drain waste. The optimal diameter of the pipe outdoor of the sewer system is 110 or 160 mm.
	Heat insulation pipe. If the septic is relatively shallow, and the pipe does not turn out to burst more than 1 m, the contour requires additional insulation. To do this, turn it around with a rolled material on the basis of glass gambles or mineral fiber, or we use cylindrical casing of a suitable diameter.
	Input to septic. One end of the pipe is envious to septicch through a hole in the concrete wall of the well. As with the mounted overflow, the hole is thoroughly sealing.
	Input to the house. The place of entry into the house can be decorated in different ways, but most often the pipe is started through a hole in the basement or foundation. It is desirable to insert a metal sleeve in the hole, which will protect the sewage from damage when moving and drawdowns. Also, the input node should be insulated.

After completing these works, we fall asleep all the trenches and the pit finally, and then put the fertile soil or a layer of turf over the backfill.

It is also desirable to make markers on the wall of the house at the entrance. These marks will need when we look for where the sewer pipes are laid.

How to make the sewasonal wiring

Stage 4. Basic elements of the internal network

The next stage is the arrangement of internal sewage. Its configuration directly depends on where stock sources are located, because here I will give a description of its main elements:

Riser- Central vertical pipe, large diameter (minimum 110 mm), which combines all contours together. As a rule, in a private house there are one riser, but in large buildings there may be several of them. In the lower part, the knee is connected to the withdrawing sewer tube.
Fan trumpet- Mounted in the upper part of the riser, serves to lead gases accumulating in pipes, from the system in external environment. It is displayed in a separate vent mine or connects to the ventilation pipe located above the roof level.

Without a fan pipe, the pressure in the system will increase, which can lead to incorrect work shut-off reinforcement. In addition, accumulating gases are the reason for the appearance of unpleasant odors.

Main branches- pipelines with a diameter of about 50 mm (2 inches). Used to connect plumbing devices and other sources of flow with a riser. Since the septic tank is usually done by gravity (i.e., operating without additional head), the pipes laid with a slope towards the drain. For two-link pipes, the optimal bias is about 3 cm per 1 m.
Side pipes- Used to connect issues of sanitary devices with highways. The diameter of such a pipe cannot be larger than the diameter of the highway.

Revision - Special fittings, which are a tee with one tap equipped with a closing hatch. The revision is placed at the base of the riser, on turns, branching and at the ends of the highways. It provides access inside the pipeline to remove blockages or preventive work.

Stage 5. Pipe Connection

All pipes are connected with the help of fittings that allow you to draw up turns, taps, branching, etc. When installing the system, it is advisable to avoid turns under sharp and straight corners, forming smooth arcs - so we will reduce the risk of blockages in the place of reducing the flow rate.

Typical modern pipesequipped with crop and elastic cuffs, easily mounted with their own hands :

Illustration	Mounting operation
	Trimming pipes. Using hacksaw with small teeth, cut a smooth end of the pipe to the desired size.
	Removal chamfer. The pruning place is cleaned, removing burrs from the outer inside - they can cause a blockage.
	Preparation of the termination. Insert the rubber sealing ring in the slur. Roll up the seal, laying it into the groove and watching the lack of bends and chances.
	Connection of pipes. Insert the nozzle into the socket and move until you stop. If necessary, we turn the pipe so that the removal or revision opening is in the desired position.

After assembly, all pipes are installed on carrier surfaces. The instruction admits both hidden (in the strokes or behind the trim) and open gasket. In the second case, for fastening pipes are used plastic clamps With latch or screw fixation.

Step 6. Connection to Plumbing Devices

At the last stage, plumbing equipment is connected:

Toilet - Usually installed in the immediate vicinity of the riser. Release of the toilet is connected flexi hose or pipe segment or a tap riser or backbone with short diameter of at least 110 mm.

Bathroom or shower booth - Connected to sewage using compact siphons, which are placed under drain holes. The optimal diameter of the discharge pipe is at least 50 mm.

Some models of shower and toilet bowls require vertical sewage to the sewage - this must be considered in advance when designing the system.

Shells in the kitchen and in the bathroom - Embed into the system using siphones with hydraulic assets. Siphon usually has the shape of the flask and is placed under the sink, and with the conclusion of the sewage it is connected by a flexible corrugated pipe.
Washing I. dishwashers - Also mounted using flexible corrugated hoses. To connect such devices, install a separate removal of the sewage pipe, equipped with a rubber cuffs with a rubber sealing cuff.

Conclusion

Installation technology of the sewage system includes a number of nuances, directly affecting the final result. Now and you know them. You can see the subject's subtleties clearly in the video in this article. Answers to any arising questions you can get in the comments to this material.

It is difficult for us to live without amenities, even being in a private house. We strive to provide maximum amenities by creating an optimal standard of living for your family. To do this, it is very important to think in advance the issue of facilities.

When building a sewage to do it yourself in a private country cottage, you can save, but you need to carry out these works in accordance with construction and installation requirements.

Caliation in the house involves the arrangement of outdoor and internal sewage.

The inner is pipe wiring, installation of the fan tube and riser.

The exterior refers to the totality of pipes coming from home to the septica or deep cleaning station.

Scheme of internal sewage

You need to choose the scheme based on the planning of each house. Ideally, when all the plumbing equipment is tied to one collector, through which the flow of water will pass.

IN big House, with several bathrooms, it is more correct to prefer such a scheme in which there will be at least two cesspools or septic. A B. two-story house It is necessary to install risers.

How to make a seasalization scheme for a private house:

make a plan at home;
determine the location of the risers;
mark the location of the plumbing devices and decide on how to connect them;
pictures pipes coming from the shaped parts and riser to plumbing, and all the elements of the connection;
do it for each floor;
decide with the dimensions of the fan tube and the riser;
summarize the length of all internal pipes;
at the final stage, make a scheme of external sewage.

How to choose pipes for sewage

Different ones are used for external and internal sewage.

Polyvinyl chloride and gray. For sun beds and risers, pipes with a diameter of 110 mm are used, and for removal of wastewall - 40 and 50 mm. Turns are made by two plastic knees, curved at right angles.

Often, pipes for external sewage are orange, diameter 110 mm and the necessary rigidity. Two-layer corrugated pipes can be applied.

Properties of pipes

Cast iron:

durable and durable, intended for large loads.
dear, heavy and fragile, corrosion of the inside can promote clouds.

Polypropylene:

light and flexible, well withstand a large water temperature.
there are no shortcomings.

Polyvinyl chloride:

cheap and lungs are used for external sewage.
Fragile, larger water temperature is carried bad.

Laying pipe

The most serious process when building sewage in the house is a wiring and laying of pipes. At the end of the work, check the tightness of the system, and only then, proceed to its operation.

Connection of pipes

Today, many types of revisions, tees, knees and plastic pipeswhich are easily connected. Connection locations can be processed. And in places where the pipe passes through the foundation, it is recommended to install a sleeve.

It is also important to remember the slope of pipes, which depends on its diameter, and is 2 - 3 cm per 1 m.

Seasonment release

In order not to encounter the discrepancy between the inner and external sewage, start the installation of the sewage from the release,

It is mounted through the foundation of deeper than the level of extinction. When setting the release above, it will be necessary to produce thermal insulation of the pipe.

If when you did not think about it, you will need to break the hole in it sufficient to install the tap tube with the sleeve. The sleeve is a small piece of pipe, a diameter of 130-160 mm. It should perform 15 cm from two sides of the foundation.

The release diameter must be at least the diameter of the riser. And the sleeve is needed to create a slope of the pipe.

Pipe breeding and rising installation

Ideally arrange a riser in the toilet. It is mounted openly or hidden.

To connect the sewage pipes with a riser, they use oblique tees, and on the places of pipes of pipes, excellent in diameter - adapters. In places of crossing pipes, it is necessary to install a collector having a diameter of 100-110 mm. Also install the hydraulic machines that protect you from unpleasant odors.

Installation of a special tee (revision) on each riser is required. With it, it will be possible to produce, cleaning the blockage. You can install cleaning after each bend.

The riser is better to have a private house in the toilet.

The output of the fan pipe

Functions of the fan tube:

supports atmosphere pressure inside the system;
increases the durability of the sewer system;
vans the entire sewage system.

The fan pipe is called the continuation of the riser. This is a pipe derived to the roof. Before connecting the fan tube and riser, it is important to establish an audit. After that, the pipe is excreted at a convenient angle into the attic.

You can not combine the fan tube with chimney or ventilation at home. The output of the fan pipe must be positioned at a distance of 4 meters from the windows and balconies. The height of the roof of the roof should be 70 cm. It is also important to arrange the ventilation, at home and chimney at different levels.

Outdoor sewage house

You can equip the sewer in the house in different ways, but it is very important to choose proper systemsatisfying your needs.

Select the scheme of external sewage is necessary with the following:

temporarily or constantly you live in the house;
number of people living;
daily water consumption per person;
level of soil water;
section size;
type and structure of the soil;
climate.

For more details, you should read the relevant chapters of SNOP and SanPiN.

All external sewage systems are divided into two types:

accumulative (cesspool, hermetic capacity);
constructions for wastewater treatment (single-chamber septic tank, a septic tank with two iridescent wells, aeration tank, a septic tank with a biofilter, a septic tank with multiple cameras and the field of filtration).

Cesspool

This is very old fashion Seasoning, which is now used exclusively as a country.

In the cesspool, walls are made of rings of concrete or bricks, and the earth remains as the bottom. In the pit, relatively clean water is seeping into the ground, and organic waste is settled at the bottom.

When completely filled with waste, it needs to be cleaned.

You can make a similar cesspool, if the house does not live constantly and do not consume a lot of water. Soil waters should take at least 1 m below the bottom of the pit, otherwise it will lead to contamination of soil waters.

Adding into the pit of microorganisms, slightly reduce the unpleasant odor, and accelerate the water purification process.

Sealed accumulative tank

This option assumes the installation of a sealed container in which water will be drained. You can purchase a ready-made metal or plastic container, or you can make it yourself from concrete rings. The lid is made of metal, and the bottom of concrete. An important intake of the accumulative tank is its complete tightness and a warmed lid.

When filling the tank, it must be cleaned with the help of a special assessing machine. The volume of the tank and the frequency of its cleaning depends on water consumption.

This system can be used with high groundwater running, so you will protect the sources of water and the soil. But her minus is that you will need to call the assesenizer machine quite often.

Single-chamber septic

This is a well, the bottom of which is sprinkled with a layer of rubble and coarse sand. Water, leaking through them, cleaned by 50%. As well as mechanical cleaning Here are the processes of cleaning biological.

Do not build such a sewer in a private house if people live in it constantly. This option can only be used with low groundwater levels. It should be noted that periodically needed to change crushed stone and sand.

With your own hands, septic tank can be made of polypropylene, reinforced concrete rings, brick or bay of its walls and gender. At the same time, it is necessary to determine whether the waterproof will pass in the well in the well field or on the filtering field. You also need to equip the system and carry it out hydraulic and thermal insulation.

Two-chamber septic

The most popular method of device in country house, economical and can be cooked independently.

It consists of two wells. The first has a hermetic bottom, and the second - it does not have it, but festered with rubble and sand, which for about once every five years it will be necessary to replace.

The first well plays the role of a sump, and the second - filtering well. Periodically, the first well is filled with waste and for its cleaning you need to call an assessing machine about 2 times a year.

Installing such a sewer in the house, if there is even a flood underground water level below 1 m from the bottom of the second well.

Soil and biological purification - septic tank with filtering field

This type of septica is made in the form of a container, broken into the section connected by pipes.

The first capacity is needed for upholding. Lighted water goes to the second section, where organic residues are decomposed by anaerobic bacteria. After water goes to the filtration fields.

This is an extensive area under the ground, where the soil cleaning of wastewater is passing. If you have a sandy soil on your site, then this is the perfect option. After that, water via pipelines is sent to the well or drainage drank.

Sometimes in the filtering field you need to replace sand and crushed stone.

Natural Cleaning Station - Septic Biofilter

With its help you can conduct a sewage system at any level of groundwater.

Such a station is a container divided by 3-4 sections.

In the first water defended, in the second organic residues decomposed by anaerobic microorganisms. In the third water, it is separated, and in the fourth organic is decomposed by aerobic bacteria, which live only under the condition of permanent air inflows. For this, the tube towering over the ground is installed above the camera. In the pipe leading from the third camera to the fourth, there is a filter with aerobic bacteria. Cleaned water can be used technical purposes. From the fourth chamber there is a pipe heading into a drainage ditch, or a cumulative container.

For country house with constant accommodation, septic tank with biofilter is optimal decision. The disadvantage is that with non-permanent accommodation, bacteria will simply die.

Artificial Cleaning Station - Septic with Forced Air Force

This is the installation of quick cleaning, natural processes are caused in artificial means. The device of the sewage is impossible without summing up

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With the arrangement of the country house, many communications are often installed with their own hands. There is nothing surprising in this: the process itself is quite simple, and the performance of work does not require special skills. Of course, there are certain rules that need to be observed: for example, it is worth carefully designing the design and make sure that one communication line does not interfere with the other. About how to install sewage in a private house, and will be discussed in this article.

If we talk about sewage, then the first thing you need to know is this system consists of internal and outer parts, and the arrangement of each of them is performed in its own way. External sewage is set somewhat simpler, since the work is carried out in the open space. Everything is more complicated with the inner, so the sewage setting in a private house begins with your own hands.

Installing internal sewage in a private house

The first stage of design arrangement is planning. It is necessary to know exactly how much plumbing will be installed, and where it will be installed. When performing work, it is necessary to have a predetermined project at hand. Immediately you can display one rule: when the riser is installed, it is necessary to position it as close as possible to the wall under which the sewage is equipped. Naturally, this wall should be on the side where the sewer well is located, which, in turn, is equipped as low as possible so that the drains are easier to move there on their own (read also: "").

The riser is usually made of 110 mm pipe made of plastic. All tap tubes are connected to the riser, through which the estates are collected from plumbing devices. To connect toilet bowl with the system, direct sections are used made of 100-mm pipes, and other devices can be connected by various fittings using pipes with a diameter of 32 to 80 mm.

Setting the sewage in a private house with your own hands is usually performed parallel to the tap line. This installation is particularly convenient if the communications are installed in the walls. To do this, it is necessary to prepare shoes intended for laying pipes. There is one nuance: a water supply system works under some pressure, so the bias of pipes are not a prerequisite.

The sewer system requires a slope, otherwise it simply will not work: the design functions on the samotane principle, so the bias must be observed at all its sections, regardless of the length of the pipelines or the location of the instruments. According to regulatory documents, the average slope value should be in the range of 2-3 cm per 1 meter of the pipeline. When creating a slope, you must carefully monitor the observance of this value, otherwise the system will very soon begin to create problems.

To connect plastic pipes, it is necessary to use fittings from the same material: such a compound will provide construction with sufficient strength and tightness. With a hidden laying of sewage, it is necessary not only to lay pipes into the prepared shoes, but also to fix them with clamps for reliability. The shifts themselves are subsequently disguised with a special solution.

Installation of outdoor sewage with your own hands

The elements of the outer sewer system include all parts, equipped for the building limit.

Setting the sewage in a private house requires attention, especially in such moments:

The design should have a minimum of bends and turns, so the entire highway is worth making the most straightforward.
If plastic pipes were used in the house, then the outer sewage should also be performed from this material.

Installation of external sewage has also some features that will have to face:

Large volume of earthworks. To lay outdoor sewers needed, given the level of primerization of the soil: the pipes must be below this level so that negative temperatures are not provoked the stagnation or rupture of the system.
Creating a sewer well. Before creating a sewer in a private house, you will need to accurately calculate the amount of effluent on which the number of tenants affects first. A large alleged amount of waste indicates the need to create a large reservoir, so the depth of its arrangement should be large enough.
Selecting the type of system. On the quality of collection and disposal of wastewater, as well as the convenience of operation of the sewer system will directly affect its type. Each design has its own nuances: for example, an ordinary cesspool has extremely low efficiency, but it is very cheap, but a powerful biological cleaning station will cost expensive, but its operational performance will be at the highest level. See also: "".

In any case, the outer sewage presents special requirements for its arrangement, and they must be taken into account that the design is obtained as efficate as possible.

Conducting earthworks

Earthworks are one of the first stages of sewage arrangement. You can perform these works as independently and with the involvement of additional forces (brigades of workers or special equipment). Naturally, before work it is necessary to place the site for which the trench will be held.

In addition, it is important to pay attention to the slope of the trench bottom: when using the technique, the necessary value will not be achieved, so everyone will have to be aligned independently. In any case, after preparing the trench, it must be filled with a small layer of sand.

Arrangement of the sewer well

This design can be performed from different materials:

brickwork;
metal tank;
reinforced concrete rings;
plastic septic tank.

Each system has its own characteristics, advantages and disadvantages.

It is worth saying a few words about each of them:

Devices from brick or blocks are quite good elements of the sewer system, but their arrangement takes a lot of time. With a small experience of execution construction work For the creation of a brick well may take several days.
Metal design It is advantageously different from the brick simplicity of installation and less cost, but the service life of the device in this case will be much less: the metal is easily influenced by corrosion, and very soon the device will become faulty.
Reinforced concrete wells are quite common structures, since among their advantages, you can allocate strength, reliability and durability. Lack of a well made of rings - a complex installation: ready-made rings have a lot of weight, so it is almost impossible to install them with your own hands.
Plastic septic tires can also be attributed to reliable and qualitative designs: They are durable and much easier than reinforced concrete counterparts, so you can install them with efforts of 2-3 people. True, the cost of the design slightly exceeds the cost of previous devices, but the funds spent will pay off in the very near future. In addition, if you consider labor costs, on arrangement, for example, concrete wells, then the price is almost equal. See also: "".

How to install sewage pipes

The installation of the pipeline usually starts from the house - it is easier to monitor the observance of the structure of the structure. When laying the pipe must be connected with couplings. Connecting several drain systems into one, you need to use tees or other appropriate fittings.

Final stage Pipeline tabs - Connecting a highway to sewer well. This also uses couplings connecting all the tubes of external sewage to each other and with internal sewers. When the pipes are mounted and installed in their places, the trench is falling asleep, and on this work is completed.

Subtleties of sewage arrangement

There are some nuances with which you have to face when the sewage installation is performed:

Too deep level of soil freezing. With such a phenomenon, the pipe must be laid too deep, and the scope of work will increase very much. It is possible to avoid such a phenomenon with thermal insulation.

It can be performed in two ways:

with thermal insulation materials that perform this work well;
with help electric heatingimplemented at the expense of the cable stretched along the entire sewer highway.

The need to keep the slope. Compliance with the bias is required, and its value must be in the specified limits. The reason for it sounds as follows: too weak slope will not allow the waste to move through the system, and the system will soon clog, and when the normative indicator is in excess of the normative indicator, the water will move too quickly and cannot wash the pipes from the inside, which also leads to stamps.

Select design. Selection of the sewage system is an individual question, and there is no universal response to it. To select the sewage selection more clear, it is worth reading the article about the types of sewer systems.

Conclusion

The installation of sewage in a private house can be performed and with their own hands - there will be no special problems with inexperienced masters. And if we stock in some knowledge and carefully prepare for the work, the design will be reliable and will be able to function for a very long time and efficiently.

How to make a sewer in a private house to serve for many years? It is advisable to connect professionals to this issue, but if you have some skills, you can do everything yourself. Also, despite the fact that the basic requirements for the sewer system are individual, to its design you need to involve specialists. Only adherence to all technological and technical norms provide a private house high-quality drainage.

What is the sewer system?

How to make a sewage in a private house, given all the requirements regulatory documents in construction? For a single-storey or two-story building, it is necessary to make a system that will consist of the following components:

Ready or homemade septic (cesspool). Designed for storage and filtering of wastewater. It is equipped outside the house and has a rather complicated scheme.
Pipes for laying outdoor sewage. Any home septicch must be connected to the building, which is carried out using the data of the elements. Such pipes are well transferring temperature drops, differ in high strength and wear resistance, which allows them not to collapse under pressure water and soil.
Pipes and fittings for wiring internal sewage. It consists of elements having a diameter of 40 to 110 mm. Fittings are also needed to arrange sewage in the house, since with their help draw out taps, revisions and turns.
Heat insulation for pipes. The sewage device in a private house is impossible without modern insulation. With their help, insulate the pipes, which prevents their freezing. The installation of tubular heat insulation should be carried out not only outside the building, but also inside in unheated rooms (basement, base part of the building).

Varieties of septicov

When a sewage device for a country house, what to choose as septic? There are many variants of the device of this system element.

Cesspool

The sewage device in a country house with a cesspool has its advantages:

low cost. The cesspool is a kind of well that does not have a bottom. Its walls can be performed from monolithic or precast concrete, brick;
simple principle of work. After entering the effluent in the cesspool, clean water seeps into the soil, and solid waste is settled at its bottom;
lack of difficulties during the installation of the structure. No need to carry out bulk earthworks.

The disadvantages of this constructive scheme include that it is suitable only for those houses where the average daily volume of the effluent does not exceed 1 cubic meter. Otherwise, the ambient soil and groundwater are polluted by household waste.

Hermetic Tuck

Sewage of a country house with their own hands can be formed from large-scale hermetic tanks, which are made of plastic, metal or other materials. They can be purchased ready or do it yourself. In this case, the sewage project in a private house implies the use of prefabricated. The bottom of this septica will be formed from the monolithic concrete, and the cover is made of metal.

The disadvantage of this design is that the capacity will be filled with time. After accumulating a certain amount of waste, it is necessary to call a special machine that pumps them. The advantage of hermetic tank is that it can be used if high level Groundwater.

Single-chamber septic

The installation of sewage in a private house very often occurs using a single-chamber septic. It is a cesspool, the bottom of which is filled with rubble by 30 cm and the sand on the same thickness. The advantage of such a design is that water, penetrating through the so-called "filtration field" is cleaned by approximately 50%.

Two-chamber septic

How to spend the sewer to warn the pollution of the area with household waste? In this case, it is recommended to use a system of overflowing wells.

The composition of such a sewage system in a private house includes two containers. One of them is hermetic, the other - without the bottom, but sprinkled with a layer of rubble and sand.

Waste from home enroll in the first container. After a while they defend there. All solid particles are lowered to the bottom of the septica, and fat rises upstairs. Waste, which are in the middle, are relatively clean. They get into the well without the bottom. This occurs through a pipe that connects two containers and is placed under a slight bias at 2/3 from the height of septic.

Over time, there are too many waste in the first well that you need to pump out. It must be done with periodicity once every 5-6 months.

Septic with their own hands

How to make the easiest to make a septic?

How can you make sewer in a private house with your own hands to work as efficiently possible? First of all, you need to take care of the septic. To arrange local sewage sealing in a private house, such instructions should be followed:

Digging pit. The dug pit should have a size that is slightly exceeds the dimensions of the tanks. It is necessary to count on the fact that the bottom of the septica needs to be pouring a layer of rubble and sand, and on the sides - to equip the clay castle. If the sewage system is foreseen for the country house small number People (1-3), then you can dig up manually. Otherwise, it is recommended to use the services of an excavator.
Foundation arrangement. When the sewage device in a private house, the bottom of the dug hole must be aligned, after which it is sanded and tamped it. On the site where the installation of the first container (sump) will be made, it is necessary to put waterproofing. For this purpose, you should use clay or concrete disk.
Installation of tanks. Seasoning in a private house should consist of two separate tanks that are formed from concrete rings. In order for the system to work efficiently, all joints are mandatory seal. Such a seasalization scheme in a private house will exclude population inhibition in the soil and groundwater.
Arrangement of the bottom of tanks. This sewage scheme provides that the bottom of the first tank must be sealed. It is concreted for this, and the top is treated with bitumen mastic and lay a layer of rubberoid. Also to build an efficient sewer system, the bottom of the second well is covered with rubble or pebbles.
Registration overflow. So that the sewage system of the country house worked correctly, the installed tanks must be combined with each other overflow. It is installed at a distance of 1.5 m from the bottom. T-shaped fitting also mounted on the pipe. It allows the fence of the fluid itself, which is separated from the organic.
Setting overlap. For device local sewage For a private house, the top of each tank is mounted plates from reinforced concrete.
Installation of hatches and ventilation. In order for the site there was no unpleasant smell, the ventilation pipe is installed in the overlap of the tanks. Also, each well is closed with hatches, which must be opened if necessary.

Pipe laying on the street

Must be carried out according to the following scheme:

Digging trench. From the Septica to the house make a small groove. Its depth should be larger than the depth of the primer of the soil (the plumbing is paired as well). When the trench device, it is necessary to ensure a bias from home to cumulative tanks For good fluid outflow (about 2 cm 1 m).
Laying pipe. How to spend sewer in a private house, what pipeline pick up? It is recommended to choose the one that has a diameter of at least 110 mm.
Heat insulation. If the pipes are unlucky, then you can warn their freezing by insulation.
Shipping stage. One end of the pipe is breeding in a concrete wall, carefully sealing the joints. Also, to carry out the installation of sewage in a private house with your own hands, you need to not forget at the stage of its construction to leave a small hole in the foundation or basement. A pipe is introduced through it, after inserting a metal washer.

Rules of the device internal network

The internal network device is considered an important step in the sewage installation for a private house, how to do everything? Wiring of sewage in a private house with their own hands occurs with the installation of the following structural elements:

riser. This is a central pipe with a diameter of 110 mm, which is installed in a vertical position. It connects all existing contours in the house. For a small structure, one riser usually grabs;
. Installed on the top of the riser. Such a pipe is necessary for the discharge in environment accumulated gases;
main branches. Pipes with a diameter of 50 mm are used to connect plumbing devices with a riser. This system has no forced circulationtherefore, to remove the drains (3 cm per 1 m);
drinking pipes. Are used to connect devices of devices with highways;
revision. They are a tee, where one removal is closed by hatch. Revisions are necessary for the work of the repair and preventive work of various kinds. They are usually installed on all turns, branching, on the basis and end of the riser.

If you adhere to this scheme on the sewer system, it will work efficiently and without failures.

All less often in private sectors you can hear the phrase "facilities on the street". This is not surprising - after all, every person is committed to comfort. However, he can not talk about him if a frosty night, waking up, have to dress and run through the snow in the cabin standing 15 meters from the dwelling. So the homemade masters of restrooms are equipped directly in the house. But in order for them to function normally, it is necessary to correctly mount the uncleanness of the septic tank, located on the street. Today we will look at how the sewage is mounted in a private house with your own hands. The scheme of its device will also be considered by us, and simultaneously learn and the cost of such works when performing their specialists.

Read in the article:

How to make a diagram of the sewage device in a private house with your own hands

Starting the drafting of the sewage scheme for a private house you need to decide on the number of drain points. It should be understood that in the presence of two floors in the residential structure, each circuit is mounted, as planned, individually, followed by the conclusion to the general riser exiting the septic tank.

The presence of only one riser is unacceptable only in case of installation of the pool or saunas - it will be necessary to mount a separate drain to them.

Important! From the completeness and correctness of the drained sequence scheme for a private house with their own hands will depend on its performance and simplicity of installation. In the plan, it is necessary to specify the length of all pipes - this will help correctly calculate the amount of material.

The problems that can be encountered when designing

The main complexity in the preparation of the project can be inserting a sewer pipe to the house. For this you have to break through the foundation or install special pumps. Their installation will be needed and the bathroom device in the basement or basement room. It does not prevent a special installation capable of chopping the organic. Pump for sewage along with knives assembly is called Multilift.

Opinion expert

Designer engineer VK (water supply and sewage) LLC "ASP North-West"

Ask a specialist

"If the house is at the construction stage, then regardless of whether the toilet is planned inside or not, it is worth building a sewage pipe to the foundation. To begin with, you can simply drown. If you need to install sewage, it is very useful. "

When designing, the number of residents of living is required. This indicator will directly affect both the septicism and the diameter sewer pipethat will be used when installing the system. Do not forget about the depth of the primer of the soil - the system should be in the ground below this mark.

What types of sewage exist

The main species can be called:

Betales. This format is not too common in private homes. It is more suitable for giving, where there is no need for constantly functioning sewage.
Village Yama - The easiest in the installation and does not require much options. Its inconvenience is that it requires periodic pumping with the use of special equipment, and this is not cheap.
Septic - The most common version of the sewage system. Vital products are processed using living bacteria and microorganisms or by adding chemicals that decompose organic waste into the container.

The septic device cannot be called cheap, but it allows you to do without pumping for a long time. The main task is to add the necessary substances on time. As for the sewage system itself for a private house, it will be the same as for a cesspool, and for the septic.

Sewerage in a private house with your own hands: the scheme and its main components

By drawing up a sewage laying project in a private house, it should be noted on the location of plumbing devices such as sink or. All pipes are also taken into account (in terms of their length and diameter), compounds, angles and branches are prescribed. Data is made about the location of the rising and its output to the septic.

If you write all the parameters in detail, it is possible to mount the entire system much faster and high quality. Plan, after installing the sewage, must be saved. It can help with breaks or other freelance situations.

Constituting a seasalization scheme for private one-storey house (as well as buildings in several floors), it is important to consider the installation sites for cleaning, special branches with plugs that will help get rid of blockages. Do not forget about the calculation of the secular line. With a weak slide, the plums will be ineffective, and when the walls are unnecessary on the walls, fat and contamination will occur, which will eventually lead to an emergency. Let's try to figure out how to make a scheme of the sewer system correctly.

Drawing up a sewer system

The first thing you need to do is to spread the plan for all the premises of the framework. It is more convenient if such schemes are available - quite often, it is precisely such in construction. In this case, it can be copied, and already "laying" the channels of the sewage. Pointing the installation points of sanitary devices, start measurements. Here each millimeter role can play.

Important! When installing thinner pipes (for example, from the sink), if they are longer than necessary, the danger of their curvature occurs. In this case, the water will be stated, which will lead to the growth of fat and dirt and blocking.

If possible, all plumbing devices are better to have the immediate proximity to the riser - this is allowed to perform the sewer with the greatest efficiency. Indicate all the inserts in the riser. A prerequisite is to attach the discharge of the toilet directly into the main pipe, without additional compounds. Drain of the bathroom and shells can be combined - this will save the material and get rid of extra pipes and inserts in the main riser.

What diameter should be pipes

The diameter of the pipe is selected based on the number of living and the planned intensity of the use of the system. However, there are generally accepted norms. So the diameter of the main riser is directly to the septic, is usually 100-110 mm. The same diameter and draining toilet bowl. But the sink and bathroom go thinner pipes. Most often, a diameter is used for such purposes, equal to 50 mm. Such thickness will be quite enough.

All connections and inserts must be performed at an angle of 450. If the angle of the sewer pipe is smooth, it is this point that will be periodically clogged.

When the sewer system, it should be understood that the riser should go to the roof, from where air access will be available. Consider what will happen if there is no air access, and the upper part of the riser is muffled, on the example two-storey house. Everyone knows that the toilet is arranged hydraulic reasons that does not smell from the system to get into the room. In the absence of free air access, we wash off the water in the toilet on the first floor. Due to the praise, water from the sanitary device of the second floor is drawn up. The hydraulic circuits are open, all the smell from the sewer system rushes into residential premises.

How can I increase the efficiency of the sewage

You can improve the quality of autonomous sewage operation as using the installation of additional equipment and pure installation parameters. To do this, you just need to correctly distribute the slope of the highways. The most effective is the bias of 3 cm / m. But for greater performance of the sewer system, you can increase this parameter to 4-5 cm / m. This will be quite sufficient for the efficient operation of the system and not enough for the rapid formation of a fatty or mud floor on the inner walls of pipes.

Extremely struggling with deposits on the walls modern means. But you should not wait for the miracle from them when a solid blockage occurs. Advertising may argue that the tool can easily cope with any of them, but this is not quite true. In fact, such products are good for periodic prophylaxis. If the pipe is already thoroughly clogged, then there is nothing better than an old good cable.

Speaking about additional equipment, it is impossible not to be advised to prevent breakup of such equipment as the chopper of household waste under the sink. It does not allow large cleanrs and other Musor to get into the sewer tube. All that is sent to the drain after grinding, the consistency resembles a liquid porridge, which is not able to clog the highway.

How to make a sewer in a private house: stages of work

All work on the arrangement of the sewer system of a private house is made in several stages. There is no need to perform them without interruption, which means you can install in free time for a long time. However, according to professionals, such work is rarely delayed - barely starting the arrangement, house master Trying to do everything as soon as possible. Consider phased steps that need to be performed. The algorithm of action should be like this:

we calculate the required amount of septic;
install and equip the tank;
we deploy the highway from the septicity to the house;
we produce inner wiring of sewer pipes and connect them into the system;
we connect plumbing equipment.

By observing this order and simple rules for the production of work, you can be sure that the system will work without complaints. We will analyze every step in more detail.

How to calculate the required septicity for a private house

The calculation can be expressed by experience: for this you need to summarize the entire flow consumption with family living in the house. However, if the sewage system is mounted at the construction stage of the dwelling, this method is unacceptable. Then you can take the average values \u200b\u200brecommended by SanPiN. However, it is much easier to use a specially designed calculator below:

Send the result to me by mail

The averaged data is shown in the table below:

Number of residents	Middle water consumption, m3 / day	Required capacity, m3
3	0,6	1,5
4	0,8	1,9
5	1,0	2,4
6	1,2	2,9
7	1,4	3,4
8	1,6	3,9
9	1,8	4,4
10	2,0	4,8

Many may have a question why the amount of septicism is more than 3 times than daily flow Wastewater. The answer is quite simple. Almost all septic models installed in our country are designed for three-day processing of organic waste. It also applies to chemicals or live bacteria that are added there. It turns out that three days is exactly the segment of the time that is necessary for the complete processing of human activity products. Hence the tripled values.

Article on the topic:

From our materials you will learn the device, the principle of operation, the location requirements, the secrets of independent equipment of the cleaning facilities for the private house, as well as advice and recommendations of specialists.

Installation of the reservoir and equipment to it

More often, domestic masters are asked for help in installing septica to specialists. However, there is nothing superpost in this work.

By choosing a place in the yard, and digging the pit, it is necessary to put on its bottom reinforced concrete slabFor which the container is fixed using cables. If the groundwater level is high enough, then pre-at the bottom of the pit is bought drainage trumpet With its output beyond the site into the nearest wastewall. Installation of septic ventilation is required. It is performed as follows. The pipe is derived from the vent, with a diameter of 50 mm, which passes under the ground under the tilt of about 4-5 m. At the output, the knee is set to 450 and then the pipe rises to a height of 3-4 m. This allows you to ensure good thrust and eliminates unpleasant odor in the courtyard.

In the place where the sewage drain will be drained into the tank, the tube segment is set, a diameter of 100-110 mm (the size depends on the septic pattern and the diameter of the planned riser). The septicch itself is buried under the ground, outside, above the ground, only its small part (often only the neck) remains.

Gasket of the sewage highway from the septicity to the house

For pipe laying, it is necessary to proceed with a trench, a depth of at least 60 cm. In some areas of Russia, where the climate is colder this parameter must be greater. In any case, the sewer highway must be below the level of primerization of the soil. Best trench wake up with river sand or sandy-gravel mixture (PGS). After laying a highway, it also falls asleep. It turns out that the pipe is located inside the sand pillow. Next, the PGS is a little tampering, and the usual soil is embanked from above.

Important! The pipe from home to the septica should go under a slope. The optimal will be the dispersion of 4-5 cm / m. This will allow uncleanness not to linger inside, but to go into a container with the greatest efficiency.

How to perform an internal wiring of sewage in a private house with your own hands

Sewage wiring in a private house is made in strict accordance with the project, we are talking about which has already been in our article. In order to respember to read the reader, it is easier to understand this issue, we suggest to consider several photo examples with comments.

Illustration	Performed action
	First, we note the place where the sewage pipes will be held. Best do it by laser level To ensure the necessary slope of the highway.
	Now the places that will be in sight should be stamped to hide the sewer pipes in the grooves. But this can be done only if the wall thickness allows.
	Singing the wall on the marks, knock out an extra concrete (or foam concrete) with a perforator with a spatula.
	Where the wall will not be put out, feed the holes with the same perforator and install special clamps that will keep the pipe.
	Cut the plastic pipes in size. You can do this both with the help of a grinder and a simple hacksaw of metal.
	Slubsing the inner rubber seal, insert the edge of the corner or pipe into the socket of another piece. The compound is obtained sufficiently dense and hermetic.
	Similarly, we collect the entire highway to the main riser, which goes to septic
	The part that is not accumulated in the stroke is fixed on the previously prepared clamps.
	Do not forget what will be done next finishing work. Special plugs on the pipes will not give construction trash to get inside.
	It remains only to attach the line to the main riser. Similarly, the installation and other branches of the sewage system of the private house are made.

Recommending how to make it possible to make a sewer in a private house, you can move to the installation of plumbing devices. But for a start, several tips for connecting plastic pipes with each other.

Connection of plastic sewer pipes: some nuances

The quality of the sewage layout in a private house depends on the correctness of the production of pipe connections among themselves. To do this, you need to purchase special silicone-based lubrication. It is not necessary to be confused with silicone sealant - such groups are not needed in such work.

If you look inside the squabble, then you can see there rubber sealing ring. It is quite enough for the tightness of the system. However, it is easy to damage when connecting pipes with each other. Even if the sealing ring shifts a little, over time the connection will begin to flow, and this is not necessary for anyone. Silicone grease is used to prevent such a problem. After it is applied, the pipe includes one to another without any problems, creating a reliable and hermetic connection.

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