Thermal insulation for open-air heating pipes: types of materials for thermal insulation pipes of the heating system. Modern thermal insulation materials for walls outside Ceresit glue prices

Among the variety of materials for housing insulation, choose the desired option is quite difficult. Each of them is often divided by several types with unique characteristics inherent in it. A comparative analysis may take a long time, so an idea of \u200b\u200bthe general properties of one or another insulation will help if you do not finally decide on the choice, then at least prompts, in which direction should move. The article will be discussed about building heat insulating materials.

Heat insulation materials Types and properties

Styrofoam

One of the most popular thermal insulation materials for walls is a foam. It refers to the category of low-cost insulation and firmly occupies a leading position in it. I must say that it is fully justified. Its effectiveness is confirmed by a sufficient number of buildings of both residential and industrial purposes.

So, among its positive characteristics, it is especially highlighted:

• price. Production costs are minimal. The consumption of the material (in comparison with the popular minister) is one and a half times less;
• easy mounting. Polyfoam will not require the construction of crates and guides. It is mounted on the wall by gluing;
• universality. A properly selected type of insulation will make it possible to create a reliable heat-shielding barrier floor, facade, walls, overlaps between floors, roofing, ceiling.

It effectively copes with protection from the cold housing of the frame houses, is laid inside the hollow brick walls.

Indicators depending on the classification are most convenient to consider in the table. The separation is based on such an indicator as density.

Characteristics	Foam brands				Notes
	PSB with 50.	PSB with 35	PSB from 25.	PSB from 15.
Density (kg / m³)	35	25	15	8	PS - 4, PS - 1 possess elevated density
Fly resistance (MPa)	0,30	0,25	0,018	0,06
Resistance to compression (MPa)	0,16	0,16	0,08	0,04
Ability to absorb moisture (%)	1	2	3	4	With full immersion for a period of 24 hours
Thermal conductivity (W / MK)	0,041	0,037	0,039	0,043
Self -aturing time (sec.) / Class of flammability	3	1	1	4	Subject to the lack of direct contact with the open flame Normally combustible
Parry permeability coefficient (mg)	0,05	0,05	0,05	0,05

All specifically described are permissible at a temperature of from - 60 to + 80 ° C.

The PS class material is made using pressing, which gives it an increased density (from 100 to 600 kg / m³). It is successfully used as the insulation of cement floors and where significant loads are assumed on the base. Rest specifications In general, coincide with the above data on other species of foam.

Of course, according to some numbers and coefficients, the foam has discrepancies, for example, with a more modern foamed polystyrene or foam, but the difference is so insignificant that it will absolutely notice the tenants of the house.

therefore strong sides Polyfoam is rightfully considered:

• a small thermal conductivity coefficient, which allows to maintain heat in buildings from any kind of material from brick to gas-silicate blocks;

• the structure of the cells at the foam - closed, so it is extremely poorly absorbing liquid. For insulation, this is an extremely important indicator, because when driving a water, it loses its heat-saving properties. Basements, ground floors with direct contact (or the threat of such) with soil waters are successfully insulated using foam;
• noise isolation goes like a pleasant addition to the heat loss function. The air, hidden in the sealed material, successfully devour even the most intense sound waves transmitted in space. In order to create a barrier for impact noise, it will not work out with one foam;
• resistance to the effects of alcohols, alkali and saline solutions, water-emulsion colors This material has "developed" on high level. In addition, it is not chosen as a decent habitat of fungi and mold. It is worth noting that rodents on the contrary, foaming very much and often prefer to settle in it. The struggle with any available means will not allow the imperfect neighbors to spoil the insulation;
• environmental Safety. No harmful substances out of itself. Modern standard of this insulation - complete compliance with sanitary standards;
• as additional protection From burning, in the production stage to the main ingredients, anti-epires are added, designed to increase foam refractory. And if there is no direct contact with fire, he himself fades over a short time. But, justice, it is worth noting that it is still considered to be a flammable material;
• the loss of the above properties will not happen, even if there is a short-term contact with a heat source to 110 °, but the long-term exposure of more than 80 ° C will entail deformation and loss of characteristics.

The temperature modes described relate to the discharge of anomalies, and are not found with a regular frequency, so that make them the main motive for refusing to use foam inexpediently.

Polyoplex plates

Foamed polystyrene, polystyrene foam, extrusion polystyrene - all this name of the same material selling in construction stores as insulation Penoplex. He falls as a "relative" habitual for all foam, believed to the material standing on the step above.

The main difference begins at the production stage, which use extrusion settings. As a result, the finest structure of the material has greater durability than its "fell" foam. It is also distinguished by beautiful hydrophobic indicators. In the thorn cells, air is securely sealed, which does not allow warm air to leave the room, and cold, on the contrary, penetrate inside.

The main properties of heat-insulating material:

• strength. It is achieved due to a unique homogeneous structure. At high loads, the stove is not deformed, high-qualityly distributing weight, but it is easily cut by a building knife into pieces of the desired size;
• ecology The material is proved by multiple studies, it is racks for the formation of fungus and mold, it does not like rodents. Some kinds of organic solvents are able to soften the fastep and disrupt the shape and structure of the plate. Therefore, when working with this insulation, it is recommended to avoid contact with similar fluids;
• low vapor permeability implies a clear compliance with the installation technology and recommendations for use in order not to create a greenhouse effect indoor;

• lifetime The plates of the fastener is at least 50 years. This is a guaranteed period of time, throughout which the material will have its own original characteristics;
• coefficient of thermal conductivity - The main indicator in which foamed polystyrene is considered a good insulation. Low values \u200b\u200bof this indicator suggest that the house will be securely protected from heat loss.
• The types of thermal insulation material of the Penoplex and the directions of their use are sufficiently diverse (in brackets used before and modern material names).
• Insulation facades (Pleasplex 31 or "Wall"). It is made with the addition of flames. Well applicable for bases, internal and external walls, partitions, facades. Its density is 25-32 kg / m ³, compressive strength - 0.20 MPa.
• Foundation ( Penoplex 35. No additives for fire resistance or "foundation). In addition to the application from the name of the application, this species is widely used in the arrangement of basements, gentlestock and basements. The density is expressed in the indicators of 29-33 kg / m ³, and the compressive strength is 0.27 MPa.
• Roofs. ( Pleeping 35 or "Roof"). Scope or flat roofing Any type can be insulated with this type of polystyrene foam. It is quite dense (28 - 33 kg / m³) to create an exploited roof.
• Country cottages, saunas, houses. ( Polyurex 31 C or "Comfort"). Universal insulation. Houses, roofing, walls and grounds in small private buildings - this is the scope of its use. Density indicators - 25-35 kg / m³, strength - 0.20 MPa.

Foamed polystyrene occupies worthy positions in popularity due to good operational indicators.

Thermal insulation material glass gaming

Almost one generation of builders, the insulation has undergone some modifications today. But, in fact, remained the same material from the molten glassass. Sand and recycling of glass origin at temperatures above 1400 ° C are pulled into thin fibers, which are formed in small beams (with the participation of binding components), and then heated and pressed into the product resembling felt. The glass gamble consumer enters mats or rolls and is intended for insulation both horizontal and vertical surfaces.

It belongs to the category of mineral materials and is still produced in large volumes, and this indicates the relevance and availability of a significant number of positive characteristics with which it is worth introducing a little closer.

• Fragility relates rather to significant disadvantages. So that the glass gamble does not fly into components when working, mats and canvases are flushed. But from small particles flying into all parties, no one will save anyone. Therefore, the equipment from a working man working with a glassic person should be serious: well-closing body clothes, a respirator mask, glasses and gloves.
• The thermal conductivity of the material is low, but compared to other materials of the same purpose, it is considered high.
• The cost of glass gamble leaves it competitive. At the expense of accessibility, it is in demand, especially since she really reduces heat loss.
• Ease of transportation and applications. Weigh rolls and mats with a material of little and packaging are compact enough to bring the entire volume to insulate the house at once. It is also easy to lay it out. The only nuance - when warming up vertical bases, it can fall out of the frame, because quite flexible and a little. The problem is solved by the construction of guides with a smaller distance than the width of the mat. Cut the material easily.
• Safety. Certain inconvenience and harm to the health of the glass gamble can cause only during the installation phase. But with the right organization of the labor of trouble will not happen. And after the material is laid in the base and closed with drywall, chipboard sheets or other finishing materials, it will not bring any harm to a person.
• Lack of rodents. Due to the specifics of the material of the mouse and rats, this insulation does not indulge this insulation to create cozy holes in it.
• Glasswater refers to non-combustible materials.
• Soundproofing when it is used is also provided.

Thus, use the glass gamble is the most convenient for the insulation of the floor and overlap. You can show the skill and when finishing the walls. The main disadvantage remains harmful dust, inevitable when cutting and rolling, but for some consumers, a small cost with interest overlaps this minus.

Shagkovat

Continuing the conversation about the mineral insulation, it is worth mentioning about slag. Produce it from a domain slag. Since this is a kind of waste of production (a vitreous mass remains in the smelting of the cast iron in blast furnaces), the cost of its manufacture is small, and therefore the price for the finished insulation is quite affordable.

Slotovat is able to well block heat in the premises, but it is enough for shortcomings and restrictions to use it to reduce a small cost and good thermal insulation.

• So, slag is afraid of moisture. Apply it in the bathrooms or on the facades is unreasonable. At the same time, it can oxidize various metal parts and structures with which it comes into direct and long-term contact.
• To top it all, it ourselves and requires the use of special protection during operation. On her background, the glass gamble looks much more attractive, so slag in modern construction is extremely rare.

Mineral thermal insulation material

Basalt, stone, mineral wool, Rockvul - under these names most often hides the same material.

• Its fibers in size are not inferior to slag, but they do not deliver discomfort when mounting. Safety in use is one of the first distinctive properties of this insulation from the discharge of mineral.

• The thermal conductivity coefficient of this material is calculated from 0.077 to 0.12 W / meter Kelvin. Basalt cotton is called the best in all respects. It does not contain additional impurities harmful to health, can withstand a long exposure to extremely high and low temperatures, it is convenient for use.
• And the usual stone and basalt wool are not amenable to burning. The fibers will only melt, spread among themselves, but will not allow the further spread of fire.
• You can warm the stone wool any buildings, both when building from scratch, and already long enough to operate. The basalt insulation does not violate the microcirculation of air, which means it can be used in those buildings where the supply ventilation does not function properly.
• Certain inconveniences for some builders may arise with the need to build falxt. Without it, perform the laying of the insulation will not work. But in fact, the construction technology is very simple, the space "eaten" is not so much.
• Material is environmentally friendly, well suited for insulation wooden houses. It is strictly forbidden to wet it, so the waterproofing layer must be completed in all requirements.
• Recommended thickness of thermal insulation material for middle strip It is 15-20 cm, in the southern regions, it is enough to 10 cm layer.

• Stone wool absorbs sound well. This is achieved due to the fact that its fibers are chaotic, and air accumulates in large numbers. Such a structure perfectly extinguishes sounds.
• The described insulation is chemically passive. Even if it is tightly in contact with the metal surface, then the traces of corrosion will not appear on it. Return and infection with fungi or mold stone wool is also not peculiar. Rodents and other pests material does not attract.
• The only truly negative point of its use is quite bigger.

Characteristics of thermal insulation materials

Ekwata.

Equata is a heater produced from the waste paper and various remnants from paper and paperboard. In addition to these components, antiseptics and rather powerful anti-view are added to the composition. It is extremely necessary, because judging by the fact that 80% of the material is flammable cellulose, the level of flammability in such a thermal insulation product is quite high.

EcoWhat is not devoid of flaws.

• One of them is her natural decrease in volume. It is able to settle, losing up to 20% of the initial laying level. To prevent this, EcoWhat is used with excess. The creation of the "stock" will replenish the volume decreasing during operation.
• Insulation pretty well absorb moisture. This directly affects the ability to maintain heat. The material needs the opportunity to give moisture into an external environment, so the heat-insulating layer must be ventilated.
• In order to accommodate, special equipment will be required.It is a device that with uniform density pumps the insulation, eliminating its further shrinkage. In this regard, the assistance of hired professionals with experience is required with this type of insulation. Wet method of application, which implies such difficulties, also opens up the prospect of the break in construction workAs long as the eco-house (from two to three days).

There is, of course, a technique of dry insulation, but a better result is still from the above-described installation option. If horizontal surfaces can be insulated without applying special equipment, then creating a layer of heat insulation on the walls, it will be difficult without it to do. The risk of uneven shrinkage of the material and the creation of dismayed cavities appears.

• Features of the most material do not assume it independent (frameless) useWhen insulation is carried out using a screed. Unlike plates of polystyrene foam, EcoWhat does not have sufficient strength for it.
• It will be necessary to comply with significant precautions when installing it.:
  • work away from open fire;
  • to eliminate the contact of the material with any heat source, which can lead to a drainage. That is, when the surface is insulation next to the fireplace pipe or chimney, they will need to be separated from the insulation with basalt mats with a foil coating or barriers from asbestoscert.

It would seem, against the background of such difficulties, you can immediately refuse to apply EcoWati, but its positive parties for someone can become a powerful incentive to its use.

• The material (even when taking into account the shrinkage) is quite economical.
• Such a heater is environmentally friendly and safe for health. An exception can be a material where boric acid or ammonium sulfates was used as antipyrin. In this case, the EcoWhat will distinguish a sharp and unpleasant smell.
• It is a seamless insulation that has no cold bridges. And this means that heat loss in the winter will be reduced to a minimum.
• The material is inexpensive, allowing you to get good thermal insulation.

As a soundproofing material, an eco-friendly can compete with many materials described above.

Polyurethan (PPU)

Polyester with the addition of water, emulsifiers and active reagents, when exposed to a catalyst, form a substance with all signs and indicators of a good heat insulating material.

Polyurethane foam has the following characteristics:

• low thermal conductivity coefficient: 0.019 - 0.028 W / meter Celvin;
• applied by spraying by creating a solid coating without cold bridges;
• the light weight of the frozen foam does not put pressure on the design;
• simplicity of use without any fasteners makes it possible to heat the surface with any configuration;
• long service life, including frost resistance and heat, any atmospheric precipitation, rotting;
• safety for humans and the environment;
• does not destroy metal structural elements, and on the contrary, creates anti-corrosion protection for them.

Walls, floor and ceiling - its application is available everywhere. PPU will hold on glass, wood, concrete, brick, metal, and even on a painted surface. The only thing that is worth protecting polyurethane foam is from the effects of direct light rays.

Types of thermal insulation materials

Reflex thermal insulation materials

There is a group of heat-saving materials working on the principle of reflectors. They function quite simply: first absorb, and then give back the resulting heat.

• The surface of such insulation is able to reflect more than 97% of the heat reached to their surface. This is available for one or pair of polished aluminum layers.
• It does not contain impurities, but applied on a layer of foamed polyethylene for ease of use.

• Thin on the species material is able to surprise with its capabilities. One or two-channel layer of reflective insulation creates an effect compared using a fibrous heat insulator from 10 to 27 cm thick. Among the most popular materials in this category can be called Ecoofol, Penofol, Pierriplex, Armofol.
• In addition to heat and sound insulation, such insulation creates vapor barrier protection (and often used in this capacity).

The output is simple enough: there is no ideal insulation. Depending on the means of pursued goals and personal preferences (including convenience in operation), everyone can choose for themselves the best material for creating a warm and truly cozy home. But it is necessary to remember that when used on the roof of each of the above insulation, the mandatory waterproofing of the heat-insulating material is required.

The issue of the insulation of buildings today is especially relevant. On the one hand, there are no big problems with the acquisition of thermal insulation material - the construction market offers many options. On the other hand, it is precisely this diversity that creates the problem - what insulation to choose?

What it is?

The problem of thermal insulation of modern buildings (especially urban new buildings) today is especially acute. Thermal insulation is the elements of the structure, which allow to reduce the heat transfer indicators of materials and the structure (aggregate) as a whole.

Under the heat insulation also means a process that prevents the mixing of the thermal energy of the structure (refrigeration equipment, heating mains, etc.) and buildings with the external environment. In other words, the thermal insulation layer has a thermos effect.

The thermal insulation provides a comfortable climate inside the room, while maintaining heat in it in the cold season and removes from excessive heating on hot days.

Using the insulation, you can reduce electricity costs up to 30-40%. In addition, modern thermal insulation materials for the most part possess sound insulation properties. A fairly common practice in the construction of a private house is the use of materials that are simultaneously both insulating, and a structural element of walls and overlaps.

Depending on the thermal conductivity, the following classes of heat-insulating materials are distinguished:

• class A.- Materials with low thermal conductivity in the range of 0.06 W / m square. and below;
• class B. - materials with medium thermal conductivity, the indicators of which are 0.06 - 0.115 W / m.;
• class S. - materials with high thermal conductivity, equal to 0.115 -0.175 W / m square.

Set many ways to install insulation, but they all relate to one of these technologies:

• Monolithic Wall - is a brick or wooden partitionwhose thickness for heat efficiency should be at least 40 cm (depends on the region).
• Multilayer Pie - The method in which the insulation is located inside the wall, between the external and outer partitions. The implementation of this method is possible only at the construction stage or with the facade of the facade of brick masonry (if the strength of the foundation is allowed or there is a separate base under the masonry).

• Outdoor insulation - One of the most popular methods due to its efficiency, the method involving the trim insulation of the outer walls, after which they are closed with facade materials. Increase the thermal insulation indicators allows the organization of the ventilated facade, when the air clearance is preserved between the wall with insulation and the facade trim. The method necessarily implies the use of vapor-permeable and hydraulic protection and films.
• Inner insulation - One of the most complex and less effective compared to the outdoor method of insulation. It assumes the insulation of surfaces from the inside of the structure.

Characteristics

All types of insulation are characterized by certain properties. General are the following:

• Low thermal conductivity. Indicators of heat efficiency are basic when choosing a heater. The lower the thermal conductivity coefficient (measured in W / (M × K), shows the amount of thermal energy passing through 1 m3 of dry insulation when the temperature difference is 10C), the smaller thermal loss is the material. The warmeter is considered the warmer, having a thermal conductivity coefficient of 0.03. The average indicators are about 0.047 (the thermal conductivity indicator of polystyrene foam, mineral wool brand P-75).
• Gigroscopicity.That is, the ability of the insulation to absorb moisture. High-quality insulation does not absorb moisture or absorbs its minimum amount. Otherwise, not to avoid wetting material, which means the loss of the principal property (heat efficiency).
• Parosolation. The ability to skip water vapors, thereby providing the optimal level of humidity in the room and saving dry walls or other work surfaces.

• Fire resistance. Another important characteristic of the heat-insulating material is resistance to the effects of fire. Some materials have a high fire hazard, their combustion temperature can reach 1000 degrees (for example, basalt wool), while others are extremely unstable to the effects of high temperatures (polystyrene foam). Modern insulation for the most part belong to self-refining materials. The appearance of open fire on their surface is almost impossible, and if it occurs, the combustion time does not exceed 10 seconds. During combustion, there is no toxins, the mass of material during combustion decreases at least 50%.

Speaking of fire resistance, the toxicity of burning is usually mentioned. The optimal is the material that even when heated does not highlight hazardous poisoning compounds.

• Ecology. Environmental safety is particularly important for materials used indoors. The pledge of ecology is usually the naturalness of the composition. For example, basalt insulation, which is considered safe from the point of view of environmental friendliness, is made from recycled rocks, clayzit - from the wrinkle clay.
• Soundproofing characteristics.Not all heat-insulating materials can be used for noise insulation. However, most of them have both of these properties, for example, mineral wool insulation, polyurethane foam. But the widely used polystyrene foam does not give the effect of sound insulation.
• Biostostity. Another criterion, important for the buyer - bioscistance, that is, the stability of the material to the effects of mold, fungus, the appearance of other microorganisms, rodents. From bioscistance directly depends on the strength and integrity of the material, and therefore its durability.

• Stability to deformations. The insulation must withstand the load, since it can be located on the surface of the floor, loaded structural elements, between partitions. All this dictates the requirements for its stability to the loads and deformations. Resistance largely depends on the density and thickness of the material.
• Durability.The duration of operation depends largely on the heat efficiency, moisture resistance, vapor permeability and bioscistance of the material. For high-quality products (for example, polyurethane foam, basalt wool) is given enough long, up to 50 years, warranty. Another longevity factor is compliance with the installation technology and operating conditions.

• Easy laying and mounting.Most insulation have a convenient form of release - in mats, rolls, sheets. Some of them are easily fixed on a warmed surface, without requiring special skills and equipment (foam sheets), while others require compliance with certain installation conditions (for example, when working with mineral wool insulation, it is necessary to protect the respiratory organs).

There are also such types of insulation, the installation of which is possible only by specialists who have special equipment (for example, sputtering polyurethane foam is made by a special unit, an employee necessarily uses a protective suit, glasses and a respirator).

Types of jobs

The heat insulation is understood as the process of reducing heat loss to indicators of calculated (individual for each region and objects). This term is similar to the concept of "thermal insulation", which denotes the protection of the object from the negative metabolication of thermal energy with the air environment. In other words, the task of thermal insulation works is to maintain the specified temperature indicators of the object.

Under the facility can imply residential and administrative buildings, industrial and engineering structures, Medical and refrigeration equipment.

If we talk about the thermal insulation of residential and industrial premises, it can be an outer (other name - the insulation of the facade) and the inner.

The insulation of the outer walls of residential buildings is always preferable than thermal insulation of the inner parts. This is due to the fact that the outer thermal insulation is more efficient, with internal always remains 8-15% heat alone.

In addition, the "dew point" during internal insulation is shifted inside the insulation, which is fraught with a reference, an increase in the humidity level of the room, the appearance of mold on the walls, the destruction of the wall surface, the finish finish. In other words, it is still cold in the room (since the raw insulation can not interfere with heat lines), but damp.

Finally, the installation of the insulation from the inside takes space, reducing the useful area of \u200b\u200bthe room.

At the same time, there are situations where the internal thermal insulation remains the only possible way out to normalize the temperature. Avoid the unpleasant consequences of thermal insulation allows strict adherence of installation technologies. Be sure to take care of steam and waterproofing of surfaces, as well as high-quality ventilation. Standard supply system It is usually not enough, it is necessary to mount the system forced air circulation or use windows with special valves providing air exchange.

To increase the efficiency of the outer insulation, they resort to the organization of the system of the ventilated facade or the three-layer system. In the first case, the air gap is maintained between the insulation and mounted on a special framework. The three-layer system is the wall coatings erected by the well-based method, between which the insulation (clamzite, perlite, eco-gun) fall asleep.

As for the finish, it may be insulated as "wet" (construction mixtures) and "dry" facade (fasteners) of the facade are used.

Often, the room is required not only insulation, but also sound insulation. In this case, it is more convenient to use materials that have immediate and heat and sound insulation properties.

Speaking about the insulation of the house inside or outside, it is important to understand that the walls are far from the only source of heat loss. In this regard, it is necessary to isolate unheated attics and basements. When using the attic, you should consider the system of multilayer warmed roof.

With the implementation of internal heat-insulating work, much attention should be paid to the joints between the floor and the wall, the wall and the ceiling, wall and partitions. It is in these places that the "Cold Bridges" is most often formed.

In other words, regardless of the type of work performed, it is important to remember that thermal insulation requires an integrated approach.

Variety of materials

All insulation, depending on the raw materials used, are divided into:

• organic (have an environmentally friendly composition - waste of agricultural, woodworking industries, permissible presence of cement and certain types of polymers);
• inorganic.

There are also products of mixed type.

Depending on the principle of operation, insulation are:

• reflective species - reduces heat consumption, directing thermal energy back to the room (for this, the insulation is equipped with a metallized or foil element);
• warning type - Characterized by low thermal conductivity, not allowing the output of a large number of thermal energy beyond the limits of the warmed surface.

Consider the most popular species of organic insulation:

Ekwata.

It is considered a cellulose insulation, 80% consists of secondaryly recycled pulp. It is environmentally friendly material with low thermal conductivity, good vapor permeability and sound insulation.

Reduce the combustibility of material and increase its biost resistance allows the addition of anti-epires and antiseptics to raw materials.

The material falls asleep into interconnect spaces, it is possible to spray on flat surfaces with a dry or wet method.

Jute

Modern palable substitute, traditionally used to reduce heat loss of interventic cracks in buildings from a bar. Available in the form of ribbons or ropes, in addition to high heat efficiency, does not require replacement even after shrinkage of walls.

Chipboard

Insulation, 80-90% consisting of fine chips. The remaining components are resin, antipyren, hydropobizers. It differs not only by good heat, but also sound insulation properties, environmentally friendly.

Despite the treatment with hydrophobizers, still does not have high moisture resistance.

Bung

Heat insulator based on cork oak bark, produced in the form of rolls or sheets. It is used only as an internal insulation. Speakers the basis for wallpaper, laminate and other floor coverings. It is possible to use as an independent finish coating due to an unusual, but noble appearance. Often they are insulating panel houses From the inside

In addition to heat efficiency, it provides sound insulation and decorative effect. Material is hygroscopic, so it can be mounted only on dry surfaces.

Arbolit

It is blocks of wood-chip concrete. Thanks to the wood, the composition has heat and soundproofing abilities, while the presence of concrete provides moisture resistance, resistance to damage and material strength. It is used both as insulation and as independent building blocks. Wide distribution received in the role of material for frame-panel structures.

The modern market of inorganic thermal insulation materials is somewhat wider:

Polystyrene foam

Two modifications are known - foamed (otherwise - foam) and extruded. It is a set of combined bubbles filled with air. Material subjected to extrusion is different because each air cavity is isolated from the neighboring.

The foam is suitable for external and internal insulation, characterized by high thermal insulation indicators. It is not vapor permeable, so it requires reliable vaporizolation. It is worth noting the low moisture resistance of the foam, which makes the mandatory installation of hydraulic protection.

In general, the material is available at a price, it has a small weight, easily cuts and mounted (glued). For the needs of the buyer, the material plate is produced by various dimensions and thicknesses. The latter directly affects the thermal conductivity.

At first glance, the foam is a worthy version of the insulation. However, it should be remembered that during operation it highlights toxic styrene. The most dangerous - the material is susceptible to burning. Moreover, the fire is rapidly covered by the foam, in the process of increasing temperatures, dangerous to human health compounds are distinguished. This was the reason for the use of foam for the decoration of residential premises in some European countries.

Polyfoam does not differ in durability. Already 5-7 years after its use, destructive changes are found in the structure - cracks appear, cavity. Naturally, even small damage causes tangible heat loss.

Finally, this material is loved by mice enough - they gnaw it, which also does not contribute to long-term operation.

Extruded polystyrene foam is an improved foam version. And, although its thermal conductivity is somewhat higher, the material demonstrates the best indicators of moisture resistance and fire resistance.

Polyurene Foolder

Thermal insulation material sprayed on the surface. It has the best indicators of heat efficiency, thanks to the installation method forms a homogeneous hermetic layer on the surface, it fills all cracks and seams. It becomes a guarantee of the absence of "cold bridges".

In the process of spraying, the material allocates toxic components, so applied only in a protective suit and respirator. As it is frozen, the toxins evaporate, therefore, during operation, the material demonstrates complete environmental safety.

Another advantage is non-combustible, even under the influence of high temperatures, the material does not highlight dangerous compounds.

From the disadvantages, low vapor permeability values \u200b\u200bcan be distinguished, which is why the material is not even recommended to apply on wooden bases.

This method of application does not allow to achieve an ideally smooth surface, so the use of contact finishing (staining, plaster) is almost always excluded. Alignment (like the removal of the polyurethane foam layer) is a rather complicated and time-consuming process. The solution will be the use of attachments.

Penophol

Universal insulation based on foamed polyethylene. Air chambers from which material is formed, provide low thermal conductivity. The main difference between the foam - the presence of one of the sides of the folgized layer, which reflects up to 97% of thermal energy, while not heating.

In addition to high values Thermal insulation demonstrates sound insulation properties. Finally, it does not require the use of vapor insulation and hydraulic protection coatings, easy to install.

Of the disadvantages - higher cost, but it is leveled by impressive indicators of the heat resistance of the product. Its use allows one to a third to reduce heating costs.

Despite the strength of the material, it is not intended for stickers on top of it wallpaper or applying plaster. The foam will not endure the load and collapse, so the wall-processed walls are closed with plasterboard. The finishing finish is performed on it. It can act as a heatel not only for walls, but also for the ceiling and floor.

Penofol is an excellent substrate for most outdoor coatings, as well as a warm floor system.

Fibrolite plates

It is wood-based plates associated with cement composition. Usually used in exterior decoration, can act as an independent building material.

It is characterized by heat and noise insulating properties, but have a considerable weight (necessarily strengthening the foundation and supporting structures), as well as a small moisture resistance.

Liquid ceramic isolation

Relatively new insulating material. Externally resembles acrylic paint (applied, by the way as well), which contains vacuumized bubbles. Thanks to it, it becomes possible the thermal insulation effect (according to the manufacturers, the layer of 1 mm replaces the brickwork in a thickness of the brick).

Ceramic insulation does not require a subsequent layer of finishing finish and well copes with the function of still finishing material. Used mainly indoors because it does not take away useful Square.

Moisture layer prolongs the service life of the coating and makes it possible to wet cleaning. The material is fire-resistant, non-flammable, moreover, prevents the spread of the flame.

Mineral wool insulation

This type of insulation is distinguished by a fibrous structure - the material is the fibers located in chaotic order. Between the latter, air bubbles accumulate, the presence of which provides the heat insulating effect.

Produced in the form of mats, rolls, sheets. Thanks to the ability to easily restore and keep the form material easy to transport and store - It turns into rolls and is packaged in compact boxes, and after easily accepts the specified shape and dimensions. Sheet material usually thinner other options.

As a facade coating, tiles, wall panels, siding, professional flooring for external cladding and lining or plasterboard (as a trim) for internal are used.

When working, you must take care of the presence of a respirator. In the installation process, particles of the material rose into the air. Finding into the lungs, they annoy the mucous upper respiratory tract.

Depending on the raw materials used, 3 types of mineral wool are isolated - based on slags, glass and basalt fibers.

The first type of insulation has a high thermal conductivity and the ability to absorb moisture, it is a flamm and short-lived, and therefore is rarely used for insulation.

Fiberglass demonstrates the best heat insulating characteristicsThe combustion temperature is 500 degrees. The material does not burn, but decreases in volumes under the influence of temperatures, above the specified.

Material on the description of the users of biostoets, has an affordable price. Due to the elasticity, suitable for decoration of buildings and structures of complex forms and configurations. Among the disadvantages, you can note the low waterproof performance (high-quality waterproofing is required), the ability to highlight toxic connections (due to this is used mainly for external insulation or requires reliable protection).

Thin and long fibers glass gambles are dug under the skin, causing irritation. Finally, having an amorphous component (glass), glass gamble gives a shrinkage, gradually thinning during the operation, which becomes the reason for the decrease in thermal insulation properties.

Basalt wool is obtained during the melt of rocks (basalt, dolomite). Fibers are pulled out of semi-liquid raw materials, which are then pressed and short-term heating. As a result, a solid vapor-permeable insulation with low thermal conductivity is obtained.

Stone wool is processed by special impregnations, thanks to which it becomes resistant to moisture. This is an eco-friendly, non-combustible material of the wide range of use.

Warm plaster

The plastering and finishing mixture, which contains particles of such thermal insulation materials, as perlite, vermiculite.

It has good adhesion, fills the cracks and joints, takes the specified form. Performs at once 2 functions - heat insulating and decorative. Depending on the site of use, it may be on cement (for outer decoration) or plaster (for interior) bases.

Foamglo

The basis of the material is a glass recycling, subjected to burning in high-temperature furnaces before sintering. As a result, the insulation is obtained, characterized by moisture resistance, high fire safety and biostability.

Possessing record among other insulation indicators of strength, the material is easily cut, mounted, plastered. Edition form - blocks.

Vermikulitis

It is a bulk insulation on a natural basis (treated rocks - mica). Different with fire resistance (melting point - at least 1000 degrees), vapor permeability and moisture resistance, are not deformed and not settled during operation. Even with wetting up to 15%, it is capable of maintaining its thermal insulation properties.

Falling asleep into interconnect spaces or on smooth surfaces (for example, the attic) for thermal insulation. Given the high cost of vermiculitis, such a method of insulation will be not cheap, so it can more often be found as part of warm plasters. So it is possible to reduce the cost of raw materials for thermal insulation, but not losing the brilliant technical properties of the material.

Ceramzit

Bulk insulation known since a long time. It is based on a special clay that sins in the process of high-temperature firing. The result is extremely light "pebbles" (as well as crushed stone and sand), which have high thermal insulation qualities. The material is not deformed, differs in biostability, but extremely hygroscopic.

Polystyrene foam in granules

The same air capsules that make up the basis of polystyrene foam plates. True, here they are not bonded between themselves and are supplied in bags. They possess the same characteristics as polystyrene foam plates - low thermal conductivity, low weight, high fire hazard, lack of vapor permeability.

For insulation, the material must be not covered in emptiness, but spray using a compressor. Only it is possible to increase the density of the material, and therefore increase its insulating capacity.

Penosop

Externally similar to small flakes (the material has a smaller fraction compared to polystyrene granules, softer). Natural resins are the basis. The main advantages are low thermal conductivity, moisture resistance and vapor permeability, fire resistance. It is usually used for walls and overlaps, which is sprayed through special equipment.

Manufacturers

Today in the market is presented a large number of thermal insulation materials. Choose the best products are not easy, especially if you do not at all oriented in the proposed brands.

However, there are manufacturers whose products a priori differ in high quality. Among these are the Danish brass manufacturer Rockwool. The product line is quite wide - many materials of different forms of release, dimensions and density. The greatest popularity is 10-cm wool for outdoor decoration.

Among the most famous Linek:

• "Light Batts" - material for insulation of private houses from wood;
• "Light Batts Scandik"- material for insulation of private houses made of stone, concrete, brick;
• "Acustik Batts" - Material with improved sound insulation indicators used to insulate administrative buildings, shopping and entertainment, industrial facilities.

The rating of producers of mineral wool materials is also invariably headed by the French company ISOVER. In the product line, you can find a sufficiently hard material stacked on flat horizontal surfaces and does not require fasteners, as well as two-layer facade counterparts. Universal insulation, options for the pitched roof, as well as mats, which have improved soundproofing characteristics.

Most of the products are supplied in 7 and 14 meter rolls, the thickness of which is 5-10 cm.

High-class heat, and part-time sound insulation materials are produced under the brand URSA.. You can find the following types of insulation:

• "URSA GEO"series of mats and rolls of various stiffness for the thermal insulation of all areas of the house, including basement and attic rooms;
• "URSA TETRA" - plates characterized by high strength and the presence of additional hydrophobic impregnation;
• "URSA PUREONE" - Soft fiberglass, the binding component of which acts acrylic. Due to the environmental friendliness of the material, it is suitable for use in the hospital and children's institutions;
• "URSA XPS" It is expanded polystyrene plates of increased rigidity.

The German quality known to all demonstrates the products of German produced by Knauf.All variety of products manufactured can be attributed to one of the series - "Knauf Insulation" (materials for professional insulation of multi-storey residential houses, hospitals, administrative institutions) or "Heat Knauf" (materials for insulation of private houses).

An excellent solution for organizing a ventilated facade is considered to be brand insulation Izovol. Plates have sufficient rigidity to resist the loads, have moisture-resistant impregnation, additionally reinforced fiberglass. The most popular are the following product line:

• general technical insulation (universal insulation for the attic and roof, walls, gender);
• technological cylinders and mats having a moisture-repair foil layer for insulation of pipelines;
• slab insulation for the manufacture of sandwich panels;
• heat-insulating mats with improved sound insulation indicators.

The leading domestic manufacturer of insulation is Tekhnonikol. The main direction of production is the release of basalt wool and polystyrene foam insulation. The material is not deformed, withstands heavy loads, has increased sound insulation properties.

Depending on the type of products, the density and thermal conductivity of the material changes. Allocate the following types of Tekhnonikol products:

• "Rocklaight" - Plates having increased strength characteristics and intended for insulation of a private house;
• "Technobock"- the material suitable for the installation of facades performs simultaneously as a structural element and insulation;

• "TEWOROLL" - mats of an elongated rectangular shape with a reduced phenol content in the composition;
• "Technoacoustik" - Heat insulator with improved sound insulation indicators (reduces noise up to 60 dB), used for soundproofing offices, entertainment establishments.

A decent place in the rating of manufacturers of materials for insulation is the Belarusian firm Beltep.Products are only slightly inferior in quality to European counterparts, but has a more affordable cost. Benefits include special hydrophobic impregnation, increased sound insulation qualities.

If you are looking for a high-quality and relatively safe in the point of view of environmental friendliness, it is worth paying attention to the products of the brand "Euroks". In the manufacturer's lineup, both foamed and extruded polystyrene foam. The density of the material varies within 30 - 45 kg / m³, depending on the type of product.

Select the buyer several dimensional options. So, the length of the products can be 240, 180 and 120 cm, the width is 50 or 60 cm, the thickness is 3-5 cm.

Large strength and increased indicators of moisture resistance are different and extruded polystyrene foam "Penoplex". Conducted experiments demonstrate the frost resistance of the material. Even after 1000 frost cycles / defrost, the heat efficiency of the material is reduced by no more than 5%.

As you know, Penalty is the cheapest insulation, and since both companies are domestic, we can talk about significant savings.

How to choose?

When choosing a heat-insulating material, it is important to navigate the material from which walls or other surfaces are made to be insulated.

• For wooden walls, the cellulose insulation, fiberglass or stone wool, is suitable for the wooden wall. True, it is necessary to carefully consider the waterproofing system. Close the interventic gaps will help Jute. For frame-shield buildings, you can use fibro-cement plates or arbolite blockswho will perform as elements of wall design. Between them can be filled with bulk insulation (clay, eco-art).
• For outdoor insulation, peasant insulation are well suited, mineral wool. When lining such buildings bricks, it is permissible to fall asleep into the ceramzite formed between the facade and the capital wall, perlite, eco-art. Well established a polyurethane foam.

• For internal insulation of brick buildings, mineral wool insulation traditionally uses, which are isolated by plasterboard sheets.
• Concrete surfaces with the worst indicators of thermal insulation are recommended to warm on both sides - external and internal. For outdoor insulation, it is better to choose the system of the ventilated facade. Warm plaster is suitable as finishing materials hinged panels, Siding. For interior decoration, a cork insulation can be used, a thin layer of polystyrene foam or mineral wool, decorated with plasterboard.

How to calculate?

Different insulation have a different thickness, while it is very important to calculate the required parameters of the insulation even before purchasing. Too thin layer of the insulation will not cope with heat lines, and will also cause the displacement of the "dew point" inside the room.

The excess layer will lead not only to the unjustified load of carrying structures and inappropriate financial flow, but also the cause of air humidity in the room, temperature imbalance between different rooms.

To calculate the required material thickness, it is necessary to establish the resistance coefficient of all used materials (insulation, water protection, cladding layer, etc.).

Another important point is the definition of the material from which the wall is made, as it also directly affects the thickness of the insulation.

Given the type of material of the wall, we can draw conclusions about its thermal conductivity and heat engineering qualities. These characteristics can be found in SNIP 2-3-79.

The density of thermal insulation material may be different, but most often used products with a density in the range of 0.6-1000 kg / m cubic meters.

Most of the modern high-rise buildings are built of concrete blocks, which has the following (important for calculating the thickness of the insulation) with indicators:

• HSOP (calculated in the degrees-days in the heating season) - 6000.
• Heat transfer resistance - from 3.5 s / m square. / W (Walls), from 6 s / m square. / W (ceiling).

To bring the heat transfer resistance indicators for walls and ceiling to appropriate parameters (3.5 and 6 s / m. / W), it is necessary to take advantage of the formulas:

• walls: R \u003d 3.5-R walls;
• ceiling: R \u003d 6-R ceiling.

After the difference is found, you can calculate the resultant solar thickness. This will help the formula P \u003d R * k, in which P will be the desired thickness indicator, the thermal conductivity coefficient of the insulation used. If it turned out not a round (whole) number, it is worth rounding to the biggest.

If independent calculations on formulas seem to be sufficiently difficult to you, you can use special calculators. They take into account all the important criteria for counting. The user only needs to fill the necessary fields.

It is best to use those calculators that are created by authoritative manufacturers of thermal insulation materials. So, one of the most accurate calculator is considered to be the developers of which brand Rockwool.

• Modern mineral wool insulation are delivered in rolls, mats and sheets. The last 2 delivery options are preferable, since it is easier to join, without forming gaps and cracks.
• When installing slaughter insulation, make sure that their width is 1.5-2 cm more than the distance between the subsystem profiles. Otherwise, there will be a gap between the heat insulator and the profile, which risks turning into the "Cold Bridge".
• Much more efficient and effective will be insulation, which will be preceded by diagnosis. To carry out it, use the thermal imager to determine the main areas of "leakage" of heat. This recommendation acquires relevance especially in thermal insulation of the inner parts of the structure.

• Having reveaning the main points of heat loss (these are usually angles of buildings, a floor or ceiling at first and last floors, end walls), sometimes it is enough to warm only them to achieve the optimal temperature indoors.
• Regardless of the method of insulation and the material used, the surface should be carefully prepared - it must be smooth and clean. All existing joints and cracks should be seal cement mortar, irregularity to repel, remove the elements of communication.
• Finishing stage preparatory work Applying primer in 2-3 layers. It will provide an antiseptic effect, and also improve the adhesion of surfaces.

• When using crates from metal profiles, make sure that they have an anti-corrosion coating. Wooden lags for the frame are also treated with antipirens and hydrophobizers.
• Mineral wool and felt insulation are stacked in several layers. Unacceptable coincidence of joints between the formations of different layers.
• Most of the gluable insulation (polystyrene foam, mineral wool) need additional fixation of the dowels. The latter are attached to the center of the insulating sheet, as well as 2-3 points around the edges.

• Despite the similarity of liquid ceramics with paint, it is impossible to apply it to the paintopult and similar devices. Thus, it is possible to damage the ceramic shell, and therefore, to deprive the composition of thermal insulation properties. It is more correct to apply a mixture with a brush or roller.
• If it is necessary to give the treated surface, a certain shade of a ceramic insulation can be divorced by acrylic paint. It is necessary to apply the composition in 4-5 layers, waiting for each of the coatings.
• The fixation of the cork coating can be carried out only on perfectly smooth surfaces, otherwise the "cold bridge" is formed in the space between the coating and the wall, the condensation will be accumulated. If it is impossible to level the walls by means of plastering, the solid drywall framework is mounted on which the "plug" is pasted. For its fixing, special glue is needed.

When using foam, it is important to carefully clean the surface of the walls from traces of old paint, solvents. It is important to exclude the contact of the insulation with gasoline and acetone, since they dissolve expanded polystyrene.

Each part of the structure needs a "her" insulation.

• For oblique roofing Recommended high density basalt plates. It is possible to use polystyrene foam plates, but in this case it is important to provide high-quality ventilation. If the speed of installation is important, spray polyurethane foam, cheaper option - Equata. The layer thickness is usually 100 mm.
• For unheated attic You can use clayjit or other bulk materials. More affordable option - Dry sawdust, mixed with hawed lime in a ratio of 8: 2. Also, perlite granules, eco-board or slab insulation are also suitable. The thickness of the layer when using bulk materials should be at least 200 mm, for slab insulation, 100 mm is sufficient.

• Wall insulation It is more often made by means of foam, mineral wool, polyurethane foam spraying or eco. Choose them on the basis of the features of the structure and their own financial capabilities. The most affordable is the foam, more expensive options - Minvat and Polynesurethane.
• Floor insulation - The question is multivalued. In the low underground house, it is more logical to carry out thermal insulation on the soil using bulk materials. For a concrete screed, polystyrene foam is suitable, if the ceilings are allowed - it is possible to fall asleep clamzite (for insulation of polystyrene foaming, a 50 mm layer thickness is sufficient, while when using clay - at least 200 mm). Any material will suit the insulation between lags. Technology is similar to the insulation of the attic.
• For foundation and basepolyurethane foam and expanded polyurethane are applicable. An important nuance - both materials are destroyed under the action of sunlight, which must be considered when insulating the base.

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Housing insulation is one of the most important factors affecting the economy budget. After all, if the house is blown from all sides, heating costs increase repeatedly. Experienced masters It is not advised to warm the premises from the inside - this leads not only to a decrease in the useful area, but also to the destruction of walls due to the formation of condensate between walls and thermal insulation, which means that such works should be made outside of buildings. Types of insulation for walls Outside, the price and materials of the manufacture of thermal insulation are the topic of our today's conversation.

Wall insulation is very important for family budget savings.

The reason for the outer insulation is that thermal insulation for the walls, made inside the room does not give the inner air to warm up the structure. As a result, in the cold season, the cooled wall, on the inside, condensate is formed. Thermal insulation does not give it to evaporate, which entails not only the formation of mold and fungus between the insulation and the wall. This leads to a fairly rapid destruction of the wall. In addition, literally in a year or two, the resistant smell of dampness begins to appear in the dwelling, to get rid of which is quite difficult.

Extruded expanded polystyrene - what it is

This material has a higher cost, but the technical characteristics of it is much better. The most famous from the like insulation for walls outside can be called Penoplex. It is strong enough, although it has a porous structure. It is very convenient and in plastering. Installation is made on special mastic, adhesive basics without using acetone, but best option With an external decoration, special plastic anchors can be called.

For rodents and various pests, this insulation does not represent interest. In addition, with its manufacture, such substances are used that are not affected by the formation of fungus. In essence, only one is minus - high flammability. The weight of the slab is small, which allows, coupled with its strength, to produce work on the insulation of the house outside the penplex one person without any help.

Polyurethan - What is its shortcomings and benefits

Such material is known for a long time and has found an application not only as a thermal insulator. It is used as a filler in chairs and sofas, car seats and buses. If you say easier, it is a foam, which is known, probably, every person.

As a heater, it can only be used under the panel. Its soft structure does not allow shocking. Although some home masters using a foam rubber as a heat insulator, after closing it or, which allows the subsequent plastering of the wall.

It's important to know! His huge disadvantage is instability to high temperatures. In addition, "thanks" to his chemical composition This thermal insulator highlights very poisonous substances, which are pretty simply poisoned, in contrast to extruded polystyrene foam, which is not susceptible to the combustion.

Many are now talking about the dangers, which causes supposedly phenol allocated by this material. However, the opinions of scientists were divided here. Some say that he is absolutely neutral, others, on the contrary, argue that he causes harm to the body. We will not take a draw of the side by limiting the statement of facts - this material in our time is used almost in all furniture, in a car and even as a filler for pillows. And if his harm was proved, it would hardly have a self-respecting manufacturer dare to ride people.

Mineral wool, its varieties and the possibility of use for thermal insulation

This heat insulator can be used inside or in the outer thermal insulation of walls followed by siding or wall panels. He received the most widespread in the device of ventilated facades and insulation. Most often for these purposes, its variety is used - the plates of a certain size of the basalt insulation, the price of which is relatively small.

Mineral wool has higher thermal conductivity and vapor permeability than previous options. It is at the expense of this that it is the cheapest insulation. However, when using it, heat in the house becomes quite enough. A rather unpleasant moment can be called the fact that when working with her, the body begins to hide. Of course, not so much as it was with its predecessor - glass gamble, but still sensitive. In addition, it is quite brittle and continuing. But still, for such a type of insulation, as a ventilated facade, such a thermal insulator is almost indispensable.

Liquid insulation for walls - how to use it and how much it performs its functions

It seems that such a heat insulator resembles a thick paint. As its fulfillment of its functions, it is not necessary to doubt. However, its popularity reduces the high cost - it is not for everyone to pocket. It is for this reason that professionals advise him to apply it only at the corners of the house and on the joints of the foundation and walls. The rest of the area is better to cover more accessible at the cost of the insulation. It will be very wasteful for insulation of all surfaces of the walls.

Such material can be divided into 2 groups - it is heat-glass and liquid foam. Both of them perfectly cope not only with insulation, but also with. They are not bad for them, which means their compatibility with any material. High adhesion allows the use of this thermal insulator on any surfaces, be it stone, concrete, brick or wood.

Main manufacturers of thermal insulation materials - brief overview

The manufacturers of thermal insulation in Russia are quite a lot. And each of them is good in its own way, and therefore it makes no sense to draw up any rating, no sense. So today we just say for several words about each of them.

• "Ecker" - manufacturer of basalt plates of very good quality. In addition to the wall launches roofing thermal insulation materials and sandwich panels.

• "Knauf" - The same mineral wool, but the peculiarity of the manufacturer is that it produces it not in the plates, but in rolls. The layer thickness may be different.
• "Eaulet" - glass gamble and its varieties. Such a thermal insulator has a very big drawback - the organization of moisture is required
• "Penophol" - basalt plates are quite high-quality, but the thermally insulating material from extruded polystyrene foam has brought great popularity to this brand.
• "TEKHNONIKOL" - Brand known throughout Russia and having plants in a variety of regions. In addition to the rubberoid and other roofing materials, produces plates from EPPS and basalt insulation.
• "Ursa" - mostly basalt and fiberglass plates of excellent quality
• Penopelex - The name has become nominal. "Penoplex" now call all the plates of their Epps, regardless of the manufacturer
• "Ekoteplin" - Unique and absolutely natural tiled materials, as part of which linen fibers, a bora and starch.

• "Astrak" - Liquid insulation, which have no analogues in Russia. High-quality thermal insulation is already achieved by applying a layer of only 3 mm.

Article on the topic:

Featuring the plates of suitable thickness, it is possible to provide a sufficient level of insulation of walls, gender, ceiling. Let's talk about this insulation in more detail in our review.

You can transfer manufacturers to infinity, we called only a few most famous.

Features of the insulation of walls outside the house - ventilated facade

Mineral wool is used for the ventilated facade. Speaking simple words Without the use of building terms, a frame of a metal profile with cells on the size of mineral, fiberglass or basalt plates is assembled on the wall, or the same profiles are attached to the line from Niza to the top of the building, between which the insulation is stacked. After it closes a special hydro and. Facing is made by ceramic-granite tiles (usually 50 × 50 cm), which are fixed for the same guides with special metal clamps called "crabs".

Thus, the developer achieves a solution to several problems at once - insulation, vapor barrier and finishing.

Three-layer wall design - installation features

Thus, the walls of low-rise buildings from or are often insulated. Technology is quite simple. The structure made of rough bricks is insulated from the outside using any polymer thermal insulator, and after planted facing brick. But although the quality of such thermal insulation is not bad, this method has its drawbacks. The main of them can be called low durability of the insulation compared with the construction and facing material. Despite this popularity of such insulation is quite high.

Calculation of insulation for walls of the house: comfortable online calculators

Calculate the necessary sizes of plates along the length and width of the wall is easy. A much greater problem here represents the calculation of the necessary thickness, which depends on the plurality of different parameters, including the region in which the residential building is located. That is why we invite you to use our online calculators that yourself will fulfill all the calculations.

Online calculator calculating the thickness of the walls of the walls of the wooden house

natural board plywood glued sheets OSB Lining or MDF panel Natural cork slab chipboard or WHP sheets

board or natural lining glued plywood sheets OSB clapboard or panel MDF Natural cork plate chipboard or sheets Fiberboard Gypsum

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Online calculator calculating the thickness of the insulation of walls of polyplex

The process has its own supporters and tall opponents. In their truths and those, others, it all depends on the situation. But before choosing exactly this type of insulation, you need to know which insulation will fit, examine the nuances of the work on insulation.

Heat the walls indoors - it is to make your home comfortable and cozy for living. This type of heat resistant is unpromising, usually used. But there are situations when there is no other exit.

Also, this option can be viewed in an apartment building when the insulation of the inner walls is the only way to heat the room. This process will help exclude the formation of fungus.

Cons of internal heat insulation

This method has its own shortcomings, so he has many opponents.

Problems with internal heat insulation of walls, such:

• with external heat insulation, the walls of the structure are protected from cold, which cannot be achieved when insulation from the inside. The base of the contactr with the environment, cracks may appear on it;
• the occurrence of condensate. With internal heat resistant, moves for the supporting structure and is formed between the insulator and the surface. The result can be the development of fungal formations, which will be difficult to notice;
• reduced area. Modern thermal insulators have excellent characteristics, but have not yet come up with such a material that would occupy a little place. At the moment, with insulating works, the room will become less than 10 cm on each side.

Before making a decision on internal insulation, it is worth weighing all the flaws, and consider advantages, only this can be avoided errors and shortcomings when installing.

Heat insulation materials

This technology allows the use of various thermal insulation materials for walls, which have advantages and disadvantages.

The most sought-after thermal insulators:

• wood fiber cooker;
• equata;
• glasswater.

These insulators are on sale everywhere, and cost inexpensively. We will analyze the characteristics of each type of insulators, which can be applied as insulation from the inside.

Penoplex and foam

Productive and affordable thermal insulator, which is used very often when insulating apartments, in high-rise buildings. It is enough to take a plate with a thickness of 5 cm. Do not need a special tool, and the installation is not difficult.

But this material has cons:

• combustion;
• low strength;
• playproof - If you do not make working ventilation in the apartment, otherwise it will turn into a greenhouse.

Ventilation need to be equipped forced - it may require additional costs.

This version of thermal insulation is suitable only for concrete, brick, foam block designs, as wood closed with this heat insulating material is deprived of its ability to "breathe".

Mineral wool

Very common thermal insulator. It is widely used, apartments and production buildings, in addition, it goes like a filler in plasterboard partitions, as it has excellent sound insulation properties.

It is worth the minvat inexpensively, has magnificent vaporizolation. For an apartment or at home, it is better to buy tight slabs of basalt wool, they differ simplicity in the installation. Another plus material is not angry.

But it stands with great care to apply this material if the walls in the apartment are redeeming, basalt wool hygroscopic, and when wetting completely loses its insulation properties. Therefore, before placing it on the walls, you need to equip the waterproofing layer, and before the finishing facing, pull the vaporizolation.

For waterproofing work it is better to apply membranes, they possess vapor permeability, and will not prevent the "breathing" of the external walls.

Wood fiber plates

This material has a number of positive characteristics:

• good heat resistant and sound insulation;
• not afraid of temperature drops;
• moisture-resistant;
• easy to process and install;
• it is not bred rodents.

Often, this material is used precisely for exterior decoration, it is treated with special impregnations that can harm human health.

Folgized insulation

Technological processes are not in place, so innovative developments in the field of insulation and construction are constantly appearing on the market. Such a novelty is a foil heat insulator.

The material is a layer of foamed polyester, which is pasted with a layer of thin aluminum foil. The property of this material is that heat is reflected from the foil layer and is sent inside the house.

Many manufacturers produce polyester with self-adhesive layer, so it is very convenient to work with this material, quite carefully prepare the surface and paste the insulation on the wall.

Ekwata.

The material that appeared on the market recently, but immediately gained popularity among the townsdays, due to the mass of advantages:

• naturalness and safety. The heat insulator is produced by recycling secondary cellulose, so non-toxic;
• excellent insulation indicators;
• impermeability;
• tonal fiber structure;
• durability;
• does not give a shrinkage.

But, in spite of the positive characteristics, the material has several material minuses that impede its widespread use:

• the inability to make the installation with your own hands. The material is applied by wet spraying using special equipment. For insulation will have to invite specialists;
• with vertical spraying, the laying of the material should be carried out in stages, since there is a probability of slaughtering the layer;
• combustion;
• the timing of mass is 24 hours, provided good ventilation;
• cost;
• the need to equip the framework.

The internal thermal insulation of walls with eco-art is made strictly on a wooden drying, the step of which can vary from 60 cm to 1 meter. The frame is constructed so that the material is unsalted from the vertical surface when spraying.

Glasswater

This thermal insulator is used in construction for a long time. The main components of this material is fiberglass.

Application Glasswater due to the following characteristics:

• high sound insulation qualities;
• flexibility - due to its structure, glass gamble can take any form;
• fire resistance;
• immunity to chemical impact;
• affordable cost;
• air permeability.

But it is worth talking about the shortcomings:

• the material is unstable to mechanical effects, so mounted only on the frame;
• has a greater degree of shrinkage with time;
• service life of 10 years, then glass gamble loses its thermal insulation properties;
• it is destroyed from solar exposure.

Despite the disadvantages, the material is very often used for the insulation of the premises, as it has a low cost and simplicity in the installation.

When working with a glass, it is necessary to apply the means of protection - glasses, mask, gloves and tight clothing, since small, sharp particles of material when entering the skin causes heavy itch.

How to choose a material for insulation inside indoors

Before you mount the insulation of the walls from the inside with your own hands, we correctly choose an insulator that meets the following requirements:

• safety for man;
• environmental friendliness;
• durability;
• fire resistance;
• vapor permeability;
• low thermal conductivity;
• moisture resistance.

With internal insulation, the house is still before the start of installation, it is equipped with a good ventilation system, otherwise the microclimate in the room will become unfavorable.

Comparative table of heat insulation materials:

Name of material	Density	The coefficient of heat transfer	Parp permeability	Moisture absorption
Styrofoam	40	0, 037	0,05	2
Penoplex.	28	0,028	0,006	0,2
Wood fiber	250-400	0,045-0,09	1	12
Minvata.	30-220	0,07	0,38-0,60	70
Ekwata.	35-65	0,032-0,042	0,67	-
Glasswater	10-50	0,029-0,052	0,5-0,6	10-15

Technology of insulation walls from within

Specialists advise to apply the insulation of the room from the inside only in special cases, eg:

• if the apartment is located above the second floor, and for outdoor insulation you need to attract industrial climbers;
• in new buildings, if it is not possible to remove the facade finish and produce outdoor thermal insulation;
• if the insulation of the facade will violate the architectural ensemble.

Wall insulation methods from the inside:

• on the frame;
• on glue.

The first method does not require a thorough leveling of the carrier surface. In addition, the facing material fasten to the frame is very simple, so if it is planned after insulation, to build walls from drywall, then it is not necessary to mount the face. If after isolation it is planned to attack the surface, then the need for the frame disappears. In any case, the method of fastening the material directly depends on the further decoration of the walls.

Warming on the frame

How is the wall inside the room on the frame? This thermal insulation of walls from the inside, the process of time consuming, but more reliable. Due to the frame, the fragile material is not mechanically exposed, it is especially true if the thermo-insulating material is selected foam.

It is not necessary to smooth the wall, but before installation it is worth cleaning the surface from plaster if it peelled, dirt, dust and coat with antiseptic composition.

The frame is constructed aluminum profiles or bars. The mount is made on a dowel or on a self-tapping screw - depending on the material from which the base is made. The step of the racks should be equal to the width of the material, for example, if a soft insulation is selected for walls inside the walls, then the distance decreases by two centimeters, when using foam or polystyrene, smoothly 60 cm.

If it is decided to apply wooden elements as racks, they should be treated with impregnation, which will prevent the maidening and formation of the fungus.

As soon as the frame is ready, the heat insulator is stacked in the gaps, all the seams between the material should be seal mounting foam. After drying the foam, it is cut flush. After that, you can proceed to the final finish.

The thermal insulation of the walls indoors is made by the following materials:

• glass gaming;
• basalt insulation;
• styrofoam;
• wood fiber.

Any of the above materials can be mounted using a dies on the walls, except for the foil insulation.

Installation of insulation on glue

This type of installation requires careful preparation of the plane of the walls before heating.

They are cleaned of dust and contamination, degrease. Next, the work goes on the following algorithm:

• walls after cleaning are subject to alignment, and repair. Cracks are covered, large protrusions are knocked down, and the depressions are sealed with mortar;
• all planes are processed by antiseptic, or primer with antimicrobial effect;
• soil is applied in two layers;
• after drying, you can start the installation of plates on glue, it is applied to the wall and on the material using a toothed spatula;
• glue will dry 2-3 days;
• as soon as the surface is dry, you need to perform additional fixation with umbrella dowels.

Do not forget that the installation of the material of the material is made with a displacement. In this case, it is necessary to carry out waterproofing the surface of the base and vaporizoation of the insulation itself after installation.

Arrangement of the insulation on glue has its limitations, as it is used for this only dense pita, for example:

• styrofoam;
• wood fiber;
• penoplex;
• foregated insulation.

Once all the installations for the installation of the thermal insulator are finished, proceed to decoration.

Finish coatings

Usually, when installing heat-saving slabs on glue, they are plastered using the forming mesh under gypsum composition, and fiberglass under putty. These events will prevent the flourishing of the finishing coating.

After all plaster and putty works are finished, and the walls are dried - the surface is cleaned with an abrasive grid of the shallow fraction and stain in the water-producer of the desired shade.