Sheet Earth is a light, loose soil, it turns out as a result of overloading fallen leaves. Sheet land is not so nutritious, like humus, but is well absorbed by plants. She has a weakly acidic reaction (pH 5 ... 6), since the decomposition of the leaves is formed a large amount of acids. It has a good structure, consists of air and moisture-permeable lumps, quickly dries, it is added to break the substrate in different earth mixtures for growing indoor plants.

Sheet Earth is perfect for all plants with thin, gentle roots. It is mandatory for ,. For growing, it is not fully overwhelmed with sheet humus, and with particles of non-inflexible leaves so that the substrate is very loose.

Sheet land is harvested in autumn in deciduous arrays. The best are birch leaves, linden, maple, elm, hazel and fruit plants. The leaves are crushed in heaps, with too dry weather moisturizes.

The decomposition period of leaves depends on the tree of wood. Quickly for the year subject to correct conditions The leaves of most deciduous trees decompose (birch, oak, cock, hawthorn, rowan, hood, hawthorn, and dr.)

Manufacture of the sheet humus process is not too time-consuming, it is important only that the leaves are in wet state. You can add raw herbs from the lawn mower. Take care to autumn rains regularly moistened future humus. During the summer, it is advisable to pour a dung alive and mix.

Heaps of leaves are a wonderful house for wintering insects, so adding leaf humus to the mixture, sterilize it to cleanse the insects and their larvae.

Sheet Land (sheet humus)

I. P. Popov, "Growing early vegetables"
Gorky Publishing House, 1953
Published with some abbreviations.

In vegetable, leaf land is not so often applied. It is used in the mixture with other lands, mainly for the breaking of heavy turf soils. Most often, the leafy land is used in decorative gardening, especially when sowing small seeds of flower plants. It turns out leaf humus from the decomposition of the leaves of wood hardwood and shrubs. In the harvesting of the leaf land, it is necessary to reckon with the fact that the leaves decompose quite slowly. On average, good leaf soil is obtained only in 2-3 years. Sheet soil should be prepared in those farms where nearby there is a forest, laughing, parks, as the collection large number Leaves are quite laborious work.
For the preparation of sheet lands in the fall, after the leaffall, or early in the spring, until the grass has not been angry, iron rakes are crushed by leaves along with thin twigs. The collected leaves dump into a hole in a depth of 60-70 cm. The leaves are covered with a thin 10-15-centimeter layer of loose soil in order to slightly compact the leaves and protect them from blowing the wind and evaporate water. Pit better arrange in shady Place. During the summer, the leaves in the pit shuffle, watering with zip. After two or three years, a very light dark color is obtained - "Earth". The cubic meter of the leaf land weighs only 600-700 kg.
To get leafy land in a shorter period, the leaves collected from the fall is needed for temporary storage to fall into one of the corners of the greenhouse area, cover them with a thin layer of the soil so that they do not be dispelled by the winds, and leave in this form until spring. With the shelf and thinning of vegetable plants, a large vegetable mass is clocked. All this green juicy mass is brought to the area allocated for greenhouses, and fold into long heaps-stack of 2-2.5 m wide, 2 m height.
Laying is carried out in a certain order. The assembled sheet of 20-25 cm with a thickness of 20-25 cm is laid at the bottom, the layer of weeds lay on top of the sheet; Then the layer of leaves is replaced again, etc. The bunch is completed with a layer of weeds, sprinkled from above with a thin layer of soil. Under influence high temperatures And the moisture is completely decomposed all the mass, it begins to severely agreed and before the onset of frosts turns into a solid fatty mass. In the spring of next year and over the summer, a bunch of 2-3 times shuffle. By autumn, leafy land is made quite ready for use.
In the absence of in advance of the prepared sheet of land, you can use a forest litter. To do this, in the spring, it is necessary to cut off the indecomposited sheet and twigs and, removing the upper 5-6 centimeter layer, skip it through the roar. Such sheet land turns out quickly, but it is low value, as it is most of it nutrients It is leached and it is not deprived of pests and pathogenic microorganisms.

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Planning room plants transplant, we often wonder, what mixture is better to use: purchased or cooked independently.

The first option is quickly and convenient, but experienced flowers themselves make up soil mixtures, given the needs of plants.

The majority of such mixtures include forest soil - the so-called sheet land: light and loose, obtained by overloading the fallen foliage of trees.

It is not so nutritious as humid or hard, but is well perceived by plants, especially those who have thin roots. Possessing a good structure, air and moisture permeability, it is often used to break down the more dense substrates.

The weakness of the leafy land reaction is also suitable for most plants, but acidity can be reduced by adding deoxidizers.

Not all trees will fit

Sheet land is usually harvested in autumn in deciduous forests and arrays. For this, the dry leaves are slightly crushed and collect the upper loose layer of the soil.

The best are overwhelmed birch leaves, linden, hazel, ash, fruit trees, maple. But the humus under oak, the chestnut, the poplar and will not be assembled due to the presence of a large number of tannins in it. You should not take the land under sick trees or in young landings - there is a layer by humus too thin.

Cooking leafy land with your own hands

Sheet Earth is easy to prepare on the garden plot.

For this, the leaves collected in the fall are folded into the heaps, maintain them in a wet state and periodically shuffle.

To eliminate excessive acidity, ash brought. Two years later, a loose land is formed, ready to use leaf land, which can also be used in the garden, and in room flower growing.

Coniferous land

Another kind of forest soil used in the compilation of mixtures is a coniferous land, or humid fruit of fir, fir, larchs, pines.

It is loose, acidic, low-oiled soil, similar to the structure on leafy ground, but even more breathable. Collect it in the coniferous forest under the guy from the needles.

Earth mixtures for some plant species with forest soil content
Plant	Earth mix (in parts)
Abutilon	Sheet, ferry, peat, humus, sand (1: 1: 1: 1: 1)
Azalea	Conifer, peat (2: 1)
Alokasia	Sheet, conifer, peat, sand (4: 4: 4: 1)
Anthurium	Sheet, conifer, peat, sand (2: 2: 2: 1)
Achimes
Begonia	Sheet, peat, humus, sand (2: 1: 1: 1)
Dendrobium and some other orchids	Sheet, peat, fern roots, pine bark, charcoal (2: 3: 3: 1: 1)
Diffenbahia	Sheet, peat, humus, sand (3: 1: 1: 1)
Jasmine	Sheet, conifer, peat, sand (2: 1: 2: 1)
Pelargonium	Sheet, Cherry, Peat, Sand (1: 1: 1: 2)
Rosemary	Sheet, humus, sand (2: 1: 1)
Singonium	Sheet, Cherry, Peat, Sand (2: 2: 2: 1)
Sinning (Gloxia)	Sheet, Peat, Sand (6: 3: 2)
Fikuses	Sheet, squeezing, humus, sand (1: 1: 1: 1)
Hoya	Sheet, ferry, peat, humus, sand (1: 2: 1: 1: 1)
Slubberger	Sheet, squeezing, humus, sand, trees, coal (2: 2: 2: 2: 1)
Euharicis	Sheet, Compost, Sand, Suglink (4: 2: 2: 1)
Epistion

Both beginners and experienced gardeners, gardeners and indoor flowers are necessarily faced with such a concept as a cloudy land. Many are literally lost in guesses, presenting a deren, often abundantly covered with grass, which can be used in such a way and use. However, in fact, it is not quite so. Sherry land is often part of someone prepared substrates that are sold in garden, and in flower shops and are designed to land the most different plants. But, as you know, the substrate can be both to buy, and cook yourself, and it is still not known what will be better. So the ferrous land can be purchased, well by paying, and you can prepare yourself, spent some time and strength.

Cherry Earth is a specially prepared substrate based on the grass-covered grass. © dfb.

The advantages of the turf of the land in the garden mixture

What is the difference between garden mixtures?

To begin with, let's talk about the explicit differences of garden mixtures, because their composition is sometimes quite different. Considering the main ingredient of the garden mixture, it is possible to understand - an acid mixture or not. For example, if a peat is present in the garden mixture and there are no deoxidizers, such as the dolomite flour, then the likelihood is that the soil will be sour.

And if it is present as the basis of the hard ground, this may indicate that the soil has a neutral medium reaction (but it is not 100%, so it is still desirable to check the acidity of the soil by the analysis).

What is good turf land?

It is especially loved by flowers, because it is an abundance of nutrient elements, rich in minerals is considered easy soil and moisture-produced, although the values \u200b\u200bof the latest properties are rather medium.

It is very often precisely precisely the basis of many soil mixtures, and such mixtures willingly acquire people who are not accepted acid and "uselessness" of peat.

The number of turf land in the soil mixture

Usually the number of turf land in the composition soil mixture It can very much to vary and hesitate from a third to half of the whole mixture. However, do not forget that in turf mixDespite its nutritionality, there may be quite little nitrogen, as a result, additional making of this element will be required.

If we talk about the acidity of the delicate earth on average, then the hard ground is close to this indicator (but not always) to compost soil, because the turns are often formed from the same "substances" as compost, only for a longer period of time.

How to prepare a turf soil yourself?

Slap earth blank

Cut the soil into pieces and collect them the easiest way in any deciduous forest array. There, the turne is formed faster than everything. But not "under each tree" you can collect a turf land, it is better to use the soil of lime alley, the soil from the maple and a variety of fruit plants.

As for such cultures, for example, Iva or Oak, then there is better not to take a turin. The thing is that Dernina, mostly, and formed from the sheet mass of these plants, therefore, and the nerd soil, which you will later get out of the turf, literally impregnated with tannies, which always act equally - inhibit growth and development, and any plants Carried into such a soil.

To assemble the turf to obtain a turf land, sometimes you don't need to walk - the nearest forest array or even the park area, here is a couple suitable seats To collect such land. Why? Yes, because, in fact, the ferry land is a layer of turf thickness from a pair of centimeters up to five, depending on whether trees are growing at this place, it is a landing or a forest array.

This layer is literally permeated with small twigs, dried leaf plates, blades and residues of their parts. In essence, it is the basis for the preparation of a turf soil suitable for growing the most different cultures And perfectly suitable for growing floral crops.

Place of blank land on the edge of the forest. © The Woodchuck Canuck

Types of turf soil

The types of turf soil can be somewhat, depending on the place where the Dernina was taken to receive it. Basically, the mechanical composition of the soil of this site plays the role. For example, you can cook easily-turf soil, it will consist of clay and dust particles in a volumetric amount of about 30%, the rest, as we said above are almost ready-made springs and other branches.

The second option is a hard-hard soil, in it the amount of clay and dust particles can reach 60 and even more percent.

TIME OF TERRING EARTH

Of course, this is not winter, not early spring and not late autumn, the best way - This is May, that is late spring Or the end of summer, that is, august month. They harvest the turf soil from the turf, that is, literally cut the ground into squares with a thickness of up to five centimeters (in rare cases take more), a width of up to 15 centimeters and up to twenty centimeters long.

After the sliced \u200b\u200bpieces of the turf will be taken to the final destination, they are placed by stacks, preferably - in the town where the sun looks, but not more than a couple of hours a day. Next, these are these so that they turn into a full-fledged turf land must pass a peculiar "aging", and for this we need specific conditions.

For example, take a turne brought from the forest massif. It can be laid in a stack of completely any length and width, but this stack is better not to do more than one and a half meters. Stacking in the headball of the Dernins is best to do closer to the fall or in its very beginning, therefore, and the spring workpiece is less relevant, it is better to focus on autumn.

What to do after the workpiece?

After the workpiece and styling of the turf in the stack, it is necessary to moisten it with a narrow, usually on the square meter of the turf in a height of the meter you need a bucket of a dung. It must impregnate the Dernina, which is necessary to start and activate the fermentation and acceleration of the preparation of the turf.

Second Preparation of Derdy Earth

His essence consists in a kind of styling Dernin. They need to be stacked by rows, too, in the stack, but so that the parts of the grass, those that looked up, were directed inward, that is, the grass in the stacks was turned to the grass.

And now between these layers of grass, it is necessary to speed up all the processes of the decomposition of the turf and increase its nutritionality, including enrichment of the nitrogen component, lay a cow or horse dung layer at 11-12 cm every 30-40 cm (height) and so to a meter or one and a half - maximum. If you managed to harvest the turne, but it is acidic, then when laying, you can interrupt the manure with lime, it takes only 40 g per square meter of the turin.

Ripening the turf of the land in the stack. © agrostory.

What are the sizes of the stack?

Different, most importantly, no more than one and a half meters in height, because above - it is trite uncomfortable to work. As for the width, it is optimally up to 110 centimeters, and the length is up to two meters. In large stacks, in addition to the inconvenience of their service, the air exchange is usually much worse, and the density decay itself slows down.

What to do in winter with a stack?

It is best not to touch at all, to leave as it is, not to cover, just wait for the onset of heat, and as soon as the air warms up to 5-8 degrees above zero, moisturize a solution of a cowboat (3 kg per bucket of water, it's on a square meter of stack).

For the summer, warm period, among other things, the stack you need to mix several times (two or three times). It is better to use conventional garden forks for this. Stirring the stack will accelerate the processes of turning the turf into a full-fledged turf land and will allow you to more evenly distribute the "feed" throughout the mass of the future turf.

If the weather has been observed in the summer period without natural moisture, that is, there is no rain for a long time, then it is necessary to moisturize the stack with ordinary water from the hose, trying to pour it up so that it is completely different.

In some cases, there are enough two seasons - that is, the first season is the stacking stack in spring or autumn, the second season is his sporing and by the end of the warm second season, the ferry land is ready. But sometimes, if Dernina was clearly not decomposed, then it is necessary to repeat all the procedures another season, and at the end of its turf, it can be safely used.

If the delicate land needs a little

It is worth noting that if it is necessary for a narrow ground in modest sizes, for example, to update the upper layer in flower pot A pair of centimeters thick, it can not be prepared so long.

For getting small number The turf of the land is permissible to cut the turf layer, spread the polyethylene film and holding the turny for the grass, squeeze on the film with a piece of turf.

Quite a lot of soil turns out in this way when cutting the turf on the meadows, however, if we noticed that in this place it grows aiety or horsetail, then be sure that the ground here is sour, but if legume crops grow, it will be quite suitable for use .

To obtain a small amount of the turf, it is possible by cutting off the turf layer, just shaking the soil from it in the container. © Superdom.

How to use a turf earth?

What to do with sodry earth before use?

Tarry land before use you need to skip through a finelystic mesh, building something like a thing familiar to all gardens and gardeners. At the same time, all major fractions, as well as those parts that they did not decompose, will be tamed by the roar, and the smallest parts will pass through it, forming a uniform rash mix.

After that, the turf soil can be folded in wooden boxes or polyethylene bags (both from under sugar) and remove the room unavailable for sunlight. Bags are better to keep lying on the side so that the mixture is not compressed.

On the plot, that is, literally "in the open sky", ready to leave the squeezing land. Under the influence of rain, the sun and wind, as well as the change of day and night temperatures, the hard land will lose part of its nutritional properties, will become less porous, less elastic and naturally less suitable for further use as a component in the preparation of nutrient soil.

Preparation of the derinated land immediately before use

Usually, the turf land in its pure form is not used. True, if you have the opportunity to do chemical analysis Soils in the laboratory, and the data will show about the presence of the main components in sufficient quantity in sufficient quantity, then in principle, such a soil can be used without additional enrichment.

As a rule, various kinds of "impurities" add to the turf land - often these are complex fertilizers, say, nitroammofoska, 10-15 g will be enough for a delicate land bucket. You can make wood ashes, it contains up to 5% of potassium, it needs grams 500 on a delicate land bucket.

The introduction must be accompanied by thorough mixing to a homogeneous composition. Sometimes, to increase the number of turf and some kind of loosening, river sand is added in the amount of one part of the sand into three parts of the turf.

Further, we strongly recommend the decontamination of the turf, for it may be, in fact, anything, and the fact that it has lacquered in the form of a layer in the cold or two winters, does not give a complete guarantee of the destruction of the pest eggs or a dispute of diseases.

By the way, the procedure for disinfection of the turf should be carried out initially, until it is mixed with fertilizers or river sand. Most optimal option - It is shed it with boiling water. To do this, you need the biggest colander, in which they should pour out the turf and shed boiling water from the kettle. Of course, this way you can destroy the useful microflora, but in this case the risk is justified and necessary.

Salt land before use you need to skip through a finelystic mesh. © Superdom.

Application of turf land

The turf of the land is usually used for growing a variety of indoor plants and seedlings, for the distortion of green crops or growing vegetable crops in winter for the sake of producing crop "not in season".

The main thing is to use a blind land correctly, more often to loosen the top layer, water, make fertilizers, if it is necessary for one or another plant, and when laying into the container, it is necessary to initially put a drainage layer there, the role of which can be played by clay, broken brick, pebbles or other small Pebbles.

Properly selected land mixture for indoor plants - the key to the good development of the root system and the entire plant as a whole. In ideal conditions, a certain land mixture is selected for each individual plant. In general, most of the indoor plants feel well in the weakness of the land blends with a pH of 5.5 - 6.5. The land mixture should be nutritious and necessarily moisture and air permeable.

The land for planting home plants is a mixture consisting of various garden lands taken in a certain proportion. In the preparation of land blends, the following components are usually used:

Cherry land - severe nutritional ground with pH 7-7.5 acidity. It is prepared from the turf sliced \u200b\u200bin the fields and meadows. The sliced \u200b\u200bturf is placed by layers, if possible, moving by manure and watering each layer. The earth is formed for two years.

Sheet land - loose land with acidity pH 5-6. Less nutrient compared to the turf. It is formed during the decomposition of the leaves of plants. It is harvested in autumn of fallen foliage. The leaves are periodically shuffled and watered. Sheet land is formed in the same way for two years. The most fertile and useful is the leaf land prepared from alder and poplar leaves. It is not desirable to use oak leaves and chestnuts.

Coniferous land - loose acidic ground with pH 4-5 and rather low nutritional substances. It is harvested from the bottom layer of the litter coniferous forests, preferably pine.

Humus

Humile - dense homogeneous land with pH 8 acidity. Very rich in organic substances and is a greater nutritional value. The humus is harvested from domestic animals and straw serving for them a litter.

Peat and peat dust

For the preparation of the land mixture, the brown riding or dark transition peat with pH 3.5 - 5.5 is most often used. Peat ensures the looseness and moisture capacity of the land mixture, while at the same time increasing the initial acidity of the substrate. The use of low peat with pH 6 for indoor plants is undesirable. It has a rather subtle structure that is rapidly destroyed and compacted.

Sand

Thoroughly washed river sand is used as one of the important components of the land mixture. It increases the water permeability of the substrate, makes it easier and more permeable to water and air. Sometimes sand is used as a drainage.

Sphagnum

The sphagnum moss growing on the rollers and transition swamps is characterized by a large moisture intensity, has antiseptic properties and pH about 4.

It is an essential component in the preparation of an earthen mixture for growing epiphytic plants.

For room gardening, earthy mixtures are commonly used, composed of components in the following volume parts:

Mixture	Humus	Peat	Sand	Additives
№1	1	1	0	1	1	1	0
№2	2	1	0	1	1	1	0
№3	0	2-3	1	0	1	0,5	0
№4	0	1	1	0	1	0,5	0
№5	0	3	0	0	1,5	1	0
№6	0	0	2	0	1	0	0
№7	1	1	1	0	1	1	0
№8	0	1	1	0	1	0	2

Sometimes peers, loamlock, compost, ferns roots and bark of trees are added to the land blends for home plants.

Heather earth

Heather Earth is extracted from a shady forest, in which heather is growing into abundance. Leaves and stems in such a forest are overloaded, forming a powerful nutrient layer. Such land is well penetrated for water and air and has a rather high heat capacity. However, she has a significant drawback - the heather earth very quickly loses its physical propertiesTherefore, it is usually used for sowing seeds and seedlings.

Loam

Some home plants require strong mineral soil. It is prepared from clay, which is pre-subjected to frequent marker. Peat and organic (or mineral) fertilizers add to clay.

Compost

Compost is organic fertilizerobtained as a result of decomposition of organic substances under the action of various microorganisms. Your composter is almost every cottage plot. The stroke obtained in it has an incredible nutritional value.

Roots of ferns

Roots of ferns will be coated with the rhizomes of Orlyak, the jockey and Osmund. In chopped form, they are added to the land mixtures for epiphytic and semi-epiphylet plants.

Bark

For land blends, as a rule, use a bark coniferous trees (Pines, larch or ate). It is crushed into various fractions and added to the land mixtures prepared for growing epiphytic plants. The bark is an excellent baking powder.

To increase the porosity of the land mixture, large perlite, vermiculitis, polystyrene or foaming, is added to it.

Heavy, Middle and Light Land Mixes

Land mixtures are divided into heavy, medium and lungs.

Heavy earthy The mixture consists mainly of the turf. They are used to grow palm trees, large wood and some herbaceous plants.

Middle Land Mixes Consist of equal parts of the delicate and leaf land and a number of humus, peat and sand. Such land blends are suitable for growing the bulk of indoor plants.

Part light land blends Cherry land, as a rule, is not included. Begonias, peperomy, heesnery, marrantovye, acacanov, heesnery, as well as some seedlings and young cuttings are grown on them.

If you decide to independently create a land mixture for your indoor plants, it is necessary to do this in advance at least a month before landing. In the event that any of the necessary components of the land mixture is absent, it is possible to replace it with suitable.

Universal and specialized land mixes

Currently, specialized stores present a fairly wide range of finished land blends for home plants. They are divided into universal and specialized.

Universal mixtures are used for most home plants. However, when they are used, it is often necessary to make additional components - drainage, peat or sand, as well as the necessary trace elements necessary for each particular type of plant.

Specialized mixtures are used for each specific group indoor plants. They can be applied without making any additional additives.

By purchasing a finished land mixture carefully read its composition and appointment on the label.