What is the name of the pipe from the furnace. Chimney for the furnace with their own hands: Make chimneys for furnaces using different options. General rules for construction

Installation of the furnace or fireplace involves the arrangement of the smoke removal system. In this issue, it is not enough to choose the right pipes for the chimney, it is necessary to keep the mass of construction and fire rules. Otherwise, the exploitation of heating equipment will be ineffective and unsafe.

The errors allowed when installing the chimney not only reduce the return on the furnace operation, but also can lead to tragedy. In our material we will talk about how to avoid the most common mistakes when installing. In addition, we will tell you how to choose the right tubes for chimneys.

The main and only purpose of the chimney pipe is the removal of spent gases from heating boiler In the atmosphere outside the building where the furnace, boiler or fireplace is installed. At the same time from her proper Installation The efficiency of the operation of the heat generating equipment depends directly.

You can put a boiler in the house with excellent efficiency, but to allow miscalculations at. As a result, the reservoir of fuel and the lack of comfortable air temperatures in the rooms. The chimney should be correctly selected section, location, configuration and height.

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With the normal functioning of the chimney, the horizontal stream of the wind, the flowing section of the pipe above the roof turns up. As a result, the discharged air is formed above it, which literally "sucks" from the removal of smoke. However, this processes may interfere scope roof And even a high tree in close proximity to the house.

Norms on the device of the smoke lead system

Construction rates prescribe a smoke pipe to do as follows:

Its length from the grate to the top point should be from 5 meters (the exception is possible only for buildings without attic and only in conditions of sustainable forced thrust).
Optimal, taking into account all possible bends, 5-6 m is considered height.
The distance from the metal chimney to structures from the combustible building materials should be from the meter.
Horizontal removal immediately behind the boiler should not exceed 1 m.
When the roofing, walls and overlappings inside the house should be equipped with a channel from non-combustible materials.
To connect the metal elements of the pipe, the sealant should be used exclusively heat-resistant with the operating temperature from 1000 ° C.
Over flat roofth chimney must rise at least 50 cm.
If non-brick chimney Constructed above the roof level of 1.5 meters or more, it is necessarily necessary to strengthen it with the help of stretch marks and brackets.

Any slopes and horizontal areas inevitably reduce the thrust in the chimney pipe. If it does not work directly, the bends and displacements are best done from several inclined segments under a common angle to 45 degrees.

In addition to complying with the purely construction rules guaranteeing the high efficiency of the chimney and the furnace, it is also necessary to take care of contra fire safetyWhat are special devices and screens

When the device of ventilation and smoke mines, in charge of the roof in one design above the roof, it is impossible to cover them with a common cap. Deep from the furnace must necessarily rise above the ventilation pipe, otherwise the thrust will decrease, and the smoke will begin to suck back to the house. The same applies to individual, but nearby exhaust and chimneys.

Selecting a chimney pipe

The chimney gasket in a private residential building can be performed in several ways:

With a pass through attic overlap and roof.
With the output for the outer walls and exclusively within the structure.
With the passage only through the roof, bypassing inter-storey floors.
With support directly on the boiler or oven or with fastening to the walls.
With the displacement of the vertical axial line and in strictly straight design.

The choice of the ultimate configuration depends on the layouts of residential rooms, the location of the heating unit, as well as the individual characteristics of the constructive and the architecture of the cottage. In each case, it is recommended to select your choice of smoke.

It remains only to figure it out - what kind of chimney choose a pipe, which material for this suitable better Total.

Make a chimney from:

brick;
iron or asbestos pipes;
ceramics;
concrete;
heat resistant glass.

With a cross section, it can be both round and square or rectangular. And it is the first one of them is the most optimal. From all materials when independent installation Only with heat-resistant glass problems may arise. Its installation will require a device of a special carrier structure, competently and with a guarantee to collect that only a specialist can.

Option # 1 - Traditional brick

Chimneys from burnt bricks are not the first century. These are traditional and well-studied professional designs for the dynamic gases. But it is necessary to make them simultaneously with the construction of the home, for severe brickwork, it is necessary to pour a separate foundation.

Brick for chimney gas equipment It is necessary to take an exceptionally complete and well-burned, porous analog is able to skip a dangerous gas for humans.

Among the advantages of the brick tube are high fireproof, attractive appearance, design studies and additional heat transfer from masonry. And among the disadvantages - the high cost of work, the high weight and necessity of the foundation device, as well as the severe roughness of the walls.

Generally, brickwork - Reliable and efficient variant of the organization of the chimney. And the existing shortcomings can be easily bypaced by a banal installation inside the stainless steel pipe. Steel liner will prevent blocking of soot and take over the heat load, thereby securing the brick and extending its service life.

The chimney channels made of bricks are supported mainly when using a solid fuel type. They are satisfied with noasada, i.e. Mounted on the overlapping of the stove, rooted in the form of a separately constructed vertical removal, and wall-located inside the carrier wall.

When using a metal liner with a round cross section inserted inside a brick chimney, it will be able to serve as a chimney of gas heating and cooking units.

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The foundation under the brick chimney should be super high, otherwise the pipe can lead to the side, followed by it partial or complete destruction. And if the hole is done for the gas boiler, then the brick is better excluded. It is quickly destroyed under the influence of an alkaline medium that is generated during the combustion of natural gas.

But if you need the most durable and safe system for the removal of furnace smoke, here is the undisputed leader - ceramics. It stands expensive, but not one decade will serve. The main thing when installing all the options to observe the construction and fire-fighting rules.

The technology of masonry chimney from brick itself is quite simple and understandable, since, unlike the most brick ovenThe pipe usually does not have difficult to configure internal channels. However, despite the relative uncomplication of the structure, it is impossible not to take into account the tremendous significance of this furnace department, since the quality of the heating of the house and the safety of both the structure and the people living in it directly depend on it. Therefore, in order for all work to be crowned with success, it is necessary to approach it with maximum accuracy, with a support for recommendations experienced masters and on designed and tested design schemes.

Removing the chimney tube, it should be remembered that the evenness of the inner walls of the channel is no less important than the aesthetics of the outer masonry. Not only the sustainability of the necessary thrust in the furnace depends on this circumstance, but also the duration of the smoke of the chimney without purification, since the smoke rising through the pipe leaves on smooth walls, without a protruding solution and in-depth seams, a much smaller amount of fuel burning waste, and the canal over Much slower.

What are brick chimneys?

Chimneys of brick furnaces can have different types, depending on the place of their installation, furnace designs, as well as how many heating devices will be connected to the pipe. So, there are three main varieties of smoke-sized brick pipes: these are nozzle, indigenous and walls.

Hoody chimneys . The most widely used structures are housing pipes. They are good because they are compact and not at all occupy an additional area indoors, but simply are a vertical continuation of the furnace.

They are erected on top of the last, overlapping the furnace of the brick row, around the left hole. Then the pipe is passed through the attic overlap, the attic, slinge system And rises above the roof.

Indigenous chimneys . This type of pipe is set in cases where it is planned to connect a metal furnace to it, or several heating devices located on one or even several floors.

In addition to metallic, brick furnaces can be connected to such a pipe. This type of chimney is especially convenient, if there are two furnaces in neighboring rooms in the house. For example, for the kitchen you need a stove with hobster stove, and for neighbor room - Only heating. In order not to lay out for each of them a separate pipe, the indoor chimney is built between the rooms, and both heating instruments are connected. Not only two can be connected to the pipe of this type, but also three - four furnaces located on different floors at home. In any case, it is necessary to very accurately calculate the size of the internal channel of the chimney, otherwise there may be no normal traction with the simultaneous operation of several devices. The answer to the question why can be different.

Wall chimneys stands up near capital (external or internal) walls or embedded in them. They can be used, just like the root, for connecting several furnaces located on different floors of the building.

The convenience of this design lies in the fact that it is like outside the residential premises, without occupying their square. For example, on the first floor of the house can be built and connected to the wall chimney the fireplace (there will be more like a pipe on the principle of the structure), and in the second floor it is embedded with a chimney of a metal furnace (in the same as an embodiment).

The disadvantages of this variant of the chimney is the considerable cost of the project and the complexity of the performance of work. First, it will take much more to build this design. building material. Secondly, the chimney, if it partially turns out to be on the street, requires serious insulation events, otherwise winterWhen temperature drops, condensate will be formed in internal channels, which will significantly reduce the efficiency of the heating device. Therefore, if this variant of the chimney is selected, it will be good to sacrifice the area indoors and bring the pipe inner wall at home.

Parameters of brick chimneys

The main departments of the brick chimney pipe

The brick chimney is divided into departments that have an owner purpose and are referred to in different ways. These features need to immediately clarify that in the future it was easier to understand the description of the construction of the pipe.

1 - Pipe title. Laying this part of the chimney, bricks are shifted in the outdoor side, so that a peculiar "visor" appears, as if hanging over the lower departments, partially preventing the walls of the pipe from atmospheric precipitation.

2 - The cervical cervix is \u200b\u200bimmediately under the head and in its entire height has the same perimeter, without protrusions, extensions or seasons.

3 - "otter" has a more complex laying scheme, as it is assigned to it protective function. First, the "Otters" laying is hanging over the lumen formed at the junction roofing material And the walls of the pipe, closes it from the penetration of precipitation, and forms space for the installation of the waterproofing material. Secondly, its extended walls become a security deposit - at the point of passage through roofing Due to the increased thickness, the required level of thermal insulation is created.

4 - Metallic or other sheet (apron), mounted in the bottom of the otter, forms a peculiar damp, which closes the bog of the brick wall of the pipe and roofing material.

5 - "Flap" - this extended part of the pipe located in its passage through the attic overlap. The walls of the "roller", like "Otters", have a greater thickness than other smooth sequid areas - this is necessary for fire safety, since the attic overlap is very often from marked materials, and it is impossible to allow their overheating.

6 - Roofing design.

7 - The riser is a direct section of the pipe, having a smooth masonry all over and is located in the attic space from the "Flap" to "Otters".

8 - attic overlap.

9 - The cap-umbrella is very often fixed on top of the head, which will protect the inner channel of the chimney from the water and garbage from entering it.

You may be interested in information about what is

The main function of the chimney lies in the effective removal of combustion products from the furnace chamber into the atmosphere. For this, the chimney tube is connected to the numerous channels located in the furnace structure with which it must interact harmoniously. If the furnace and chimney are built correctly, in accordance with the developed parameters, the operation of the heating device inside the channels should create a good thrust that will contribute to the timely removal of smoke into the street. However, at the same time, it should not lead to the fact that it will be literally "into the pipe" to fly from it warmly. In a word, everything is needed "Golden Middle."

Song section of chimney

To select the correct parameters of the chimney channel cross section, you need to take into account the power of the furnace, as well as the size of the coil chamber. The chimney channels will remain pure longer if their inner walls are made smooth, without protrusions and influx of the solution.

For this reason, during the brickwork, the surplus of the masonry solution in the seams should be considered not only with the outer, but also from the inner walls. Some owners of houses equipped with fireplaces or furnaces are used and another way to achieve the smoothness of the channel walls - inside the brick chimney, is installed a ceramic pipe called tab.

The advantage of such a design consists not only in the fact that the tab has absolutely smooth inner walls. She is a round in a section, that is, it does not have angles, which means that smoke flows will not meet in their path of obstacles and at the same time unnecessary swirls and the effect will not be created. reverse traction».

On the right, the illustration shows the "perfect" movement of the flux of hot gases, which in the round of the circular cross section are twisted into the correct helix and do not meet resistance.

In addition, it is necessary to take into account the fact that the chimneys having a greater width, which are still installed in old houses, often have a bad burden. This is due to the fact that the air heated in the oven in a large space inside the pipe is quickly cooled, which leads to the formation of condensate, which contributes to the decrease in the thrust, also smoke the premises, the rapid overhang of the soot channel. To heat the oven with this design of the chimney pipe, you will need to use too much fuel. Therefore, the most rationally corrected them, having dismantling the wide top of the chimney, then narrowing the mine and installing a round or square with rounded corners, a ceramic, metal or asbestos insert.

Now from the form - to linear parameters. The size of the internal cross section of the chimney channel is one of the most important characteristics, since it directly depends on the efficiency of the furnace. The correct ratio of the power of the heating device and the size of the pipe cross section should be respected. Another guide to determine the correctness of the channel size can be the opening of a puffy door - a cross-section of the pipe in any case should not be less than the subdivoile hole.

The cross-section of the chimney shaft, relative to the size of the winding chamber window, can be defined so. For fireplaces having an open firek, the size of the chimney hole is an average of 1:10. However, depending on the cross section and the height of the pipe, this indicator may vary in one direction or another. The approximate values \u200b\u200bof the channel cross section (in percent) are shown in the table below.

Ratiof /F in% (f - the cross section of the chimney channel;F - Floor chamber window area)

Pipe height, m	Section of the internal channel of the chimney pipe
	Round	Square	Rectangular
5	11.2	12.4	13.2
6	10.5	11.6	12.3
7	10	11	11.7
8	9.5	10.5	11.2
9	9.1	10.1	10.6
10	8.7	9.7	10.2
11	8.9	9.4	9.8

It is clear that in addition to the sizes of the flopping window, it is necessary to repel from a reasonable height of the pipe - completely ridiculous will look, for example, a huge 10-meter pipe on the roof of a small squat country house.

Calculation by itself - Neshes. According to the table, on the basis of the height of the pipe and the form of its internal channel, the optimal ratio of F / F is determined. Then, based on the area of \u200b\u200bthe flue window, it is not difficult to determine the area of \u200b\u200bthe chimney channel. Well, then, using the geometric formulas, it will only be left to bring the value to linear dimensions - the diameter for a round tube or the length of the sides for the rectangle.

This calculation algorithm is implemented in the calculator located below.

IN zemering for → (according to the link it is told how to make a stove in the country), the owner inevitably faces the question, how to make chimney do it yourself. The chimney is needed both to remove combustion products and to create a so-called traction in the furnace, the air flow of the pressure generated, which ensures the burning of fuel and remove combustion products.

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What happens in the furnace?

The process of burning from a chemical point of view is the process of oxidation, otherwise, compounds of substances and oxygen with heat isolating.

The result of the reaction, in addition to heat, there will be new compounds, as well as the transition of part of the fuel substances, in a gaseous form. At the same time, in accordance with the law of preservation: how many substances in the weighing the reaction comes, the same should be "at the output".

If it is solid fuel (coal, firewood, peat, etc.), the lion's share of the balance remains on the asset remaining in the furnace. In addition, we get vapor water, carbon dioxide, etc.

Burning gas, or liquid fuel at the output we obtain carbon dioxide, water vapor and a set of other gaseous compounds. The solid residue will not be almost.

Little physics

By no means, why and how smoke moves, make a chimney for the furnace with their own hands problematic, at a minimum, it may not be effective enough.

The mechanics here are quite simple: warm air has a smaller density than cold, and therefore less weight, so according to the laws of physics "pops up", pushing it hard.

During this process, it gradually cools, mixes with the surrounding air and, coming, finally, it stops with it.

If we let the warm air along the limited walls of the channel that prevents it with stirring with others, it will become much slower, especially if you make a chimney for a stove of a poorly conductive material of the material or additionally insulation.

The longer the chimney, the more volume warm air In it, the more so the strength created by them. Accordingly, the head of the air flow - traction - more.

Interference and obstacles

Prevent the process of exit of smoke from the furnace can occur region increased pressureWhich, as a plug "shut up" chimney.

Such an obstacle can be cooled air in chimney. That is why the increase in height chimney It makes sense only to a certain limit, further which every centimeter of the height will not increase the thrust, but reduce.

Homeowners, as a rule, are seriously suitable for organizing heating in their home, choose the safest models of boilers, turn to experienced cooks. However, sometimes missed the fact that incorrect chimney installation is often even more dangerous.

Chimney pipe - the most important element heating system In a private house, the assembly of which is performed according to the construction standards and the requirements of fire safety. Installing the chimney, made without complying with these rules, is fraught with irreversible consequences - the emergence of a fire or in the house of poisoning carnant gas. Today's article will tell about the types of chimneys, the device and methods of installation.

The chimney pipe serves to transfer smoke and combustion products into the atmosphere, it starts from the introductory pipe of the heating device in the house and ends above the horse's horse with a protective umbrella. In private construction, mainly use the following types:

The material from which the chimney is performed is correctly chosen, based on three factors: compliance with the material of the heating device, low thermal conductivity and tightness of the compounds.

Methods for the output of chimney

The main task of the chimney is to dismiss smoke outside the house, which can be organized in several ways. The choice of the place of the pipeline pipe depends on the location of the heating device, the free area and the type of chimney. Used the following options Pipe placement:

External accommodation is well suited for the cumbersome design of the brick chimney, and if the pipe from the metal is taken through the wall, it will have to take care of additional insulation or the use of special sandwich pipes.

Requirements for chimney

Selection of elements are carried out with the requirements technical characteristics Heating device. So that the system worked smoothly, it is necessary to comply with the basic principles of the design of chimneys:

The round shape is preferred, since burning and dust products accumulate in the corners of the pipe. Round chimneys require cleaning less often than rectangular and square.
The pipe cross section should not be less than the diameter of the heating device. It is designed for each kilowatt power to ensure the proper level of thrust requires 8 square meters. cm sections. Typically, information about the required chimney is contained in the instructions for the heating device.
For each heating device, the installation of its own chimney is required. In some cases, you can retreat from this rule, but then the instruments should be placed in wound, the distance between connectivity places is 1 m or more. And the magnitude of the pipe cross section should take into account the total power of heat generators.
The total length of horizontal sedes of the chimney cannot exceed 1 m, the violation of this rule reduces the force of thrust.
The chimney is completed by 0.5-1.5 m above the skate, on a flat roof - 0.5 m above the surface.

The main criterion for selecting pipes is the requirements of fire safety and compliance with the heat generating device, appearance, aesthetics and saving area inside the house are secondary.

Montage sequence

The installation of the inner chimney begins with the preparation of the circuit and calculating the required number of pipe segments. To assemble correctly, the device is performed in the following order:

The diagram of the output of the chimney through the roof of the corrugated

After the installation is completed, it is necessary to launch the heating systems, check the craving and tightness of the compounds - even a small little smoke indicates serious problems whose solution is unsafe.

The installation of chimney in the house is a responsible event, the quality of which depends on the comfort and safety of the operation of the heating system, therefore, comply with the manufacturers' recommendations, installation technologies.

Video instruction

Device of chimney, knowledge of basic advantages and disadvantages different species Swim and materials for the construction of pipes - these knowledge is necessary for novice home masters before starting the installation of the furnace in the house. From the choice of design and materials depends on the installation site and a set of tools and materials for work.

Turn

Device of chimney furnace

Depending on the material for the manufacture of chimney, it will be necessary to prepare and make different separate details. General is an air damper, to adjust the values \u200b\u200bof the thrust in the chimney and the protective visor at the top of the pipe.

It is necessary to protect the inner channel from the fall of water or snow. The remaining details of different kinds of chimney are drastically different. We will analyze the main Read more.

Brick chimney

Such chimneys are installed only for laying indoors, through the roof and plates of overlaps. It is not recommended to lay out brick structures in high-rise buildings.

Scheme of a brick chimney device for a furnace

Partitions on different floors can be shifted, you will have to perform horizontal grooves, which is practically impossible to do on such structures. The brick chimney consists of several main parts:

neck oven. This square or rectangular design comes out of the furnace housing and passes throughout the building. At the bottom there are several grooves for cleaning channels from garbage and soot. Above the housing of the furnace is laid out a thin cavity to install the air damper. With it, the thrust force (overlooking the air flow) is adjusted, necessary for normal operation of furnaces and boilers;
at a certain distance from the slab of the overlap, the mason begins to spread the pot of the pipe. The inner size remains unchanged, and outside begin to push bricks on the third part of the brick length. The external size, in the widest place of the roller, exceeds the internal minimum of 600-700 mm. On 9 row, the cervix is \u200b\u200blaid out. This item allows you to lower the temperature of the outgoing gases and serves as a kind of compensator of the entire design. The roller is laid out before each slab overlap;
"Otter" - this part of the chimney is laying out before passing the pipe through the surface of the roof. It will take 7 rows for her masonry. On 6, the outer size is gradually increasingly increased with the preservation of the internal one, at 7, the size decreases to the main and the cervix is \u200b\u200bmounted;
The head board is the 2nd row of bricks that exhibit outside, increasing the outer size by 60-70 mm. This design prevents precipitation into the chimney, but for the full channel overlap, the installation of a protective visor or a cap will be required.

Chimney from sandwich pipes

For such a chimney, a few details are used:

Schemes of chimney output

You can highlight 2 the main schemes of the chimney:

Schematic image of chimney output options:

Furnace Pipe Output Schemes

It makes no sense to describe them in detail - these are themes for individual articles, read below:

Which version of the device to choose?

If you want to equip the chimney for the furnace in the apartment on 2-3 floors, an unambiguous solution to such a problem is to lay the pipes outside and bringing them through the wall. In this embodiment, we do not have to perform possible horizontal segments that make it difficult to clean pipelines from soot and reduce cravings.
For gas furnaces or boilers, we reduce the cross section of the inner plane. For solid fuel equipment, this size should be significantly larger.

Fundamental rules:

The minimum chimney diameter for firewood furnaces is 115 mm. Coaxial pipelines conducted from the outside are coping with their task. Exterior pipelines, as the internal should, are covered under the heat insulation layer. But the best way for outdoor strip Chimneys, this is the use of sandwich tubes.
The inner gasket is used when installing a chimney from a brick or when equipping private home ownership. In this embodiment, the gasket is carried out through the slabs of the overlap and the 5-constructions of the roof. For thermal insulation of the brick tube in these places they are covered with thermal insulation sheets or make special boxes, manufacturing the inner cavity for the passage of the pipe a little more of its dimensions.
Installation of steel sandwich tubes is carried out using mounting couplings and fittings. All rules and recommendations for having chimneys are collected in SNiP 2.04.05 from 91 years. This document indicates methods for launching the chimney baths, country or apartment houses. All the necessary gaps, recommendations on the length and cross section of pipes are given here.

What chimney is better, brick or metal?

No one will give you an unambiguous answer to you. The main thing is the height and size of the chimney. Its minimum size is from 5 m. If you make it short, the risk of reverse thrust and exhaust exhaust gases into the room is great.

Regardless of the material, if the street is warmer than in the room, the thrust will become weaker or will disappear at all when the outdoor part is heated than the air in the house.

On the brick or metallic chimney and the level of thrust in them has a negative impact even nearby standing trees or the slopes of the mountains. The wind creates a support, and the thrust can significantly decrease.

Excessive air flow in the furnace will also not bring the ovens normal operating conditions. Such a pressure can cause a strong heating of the furnace parts and their deformation. And the heat will be simply blowing out of the furnace, it will not have time to heat the walls of the furnace.

Output

Chimney materials do not have any effect on the performance of the heating system. But on brick tubes with rough surfaces, a layer of soot is formed faster, and condensate droplets are fastened on the steel walls of poorly insulated pipelines.

Long breaks in work adversely affect the condition of the brick furnace and do not have any effect on steel. The main thing about this issue is the quality of the materials and the correctness of the calculations and installation of chimneys.

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