Technology and tips on a flat roofing device. Device Flat Roof Flat Roofs Types Materials Layers

Erecting two-sheet or walm roof It is not always rational and appropriate if it comes to household buildings, industrial and commercial facilities, and sometimes private houses in modern style. The large consumption of the material, the complex rafter system make the construction of these structures by economically unprofitable, protracted event. While projects with flat roof Significantly reduces construction costs, it is built quickly and is suitable for almost any structures.

A flat roof house is safely protected from high wind load. However, without having a row, it cannot quickly remove the rain and melting water from the surface of the roof.

The situation is complicated by the fact that the surface roofing materials It has a rough structure that does not allow moisture and snow freely slipping. Therefore, the device flat roofWith your own hands mounted, must comply with the strict requirements of the building standards for waterproofing, reference and construction technology.

The structure of roofing pie

Necessity high level Protection against moisture makes iteping the roofing materials of the flat roof layers, one over the other, forming the so-called "pie". If you consider his device cut, you can see the following layers:

Flat base made of concrete slabs or profiled metal sheets. It provides stiffness of the structure, carries the weight of roofing pie, transmitting it to the carrying partitions and, in the end, the foundation. In the operated roof, the base should be as tough as possible.
Parosolation. The layer that is necessary for protecting the flat roof from the penetration of vapors from internal heated rooms into the thickness of the insulation. Singing on thermal insulation in the form of condensate, water irrevocably reduces its insulation properties more than twice. A polyethylene film or a bitumen-based coating is used as the simplest vaporizolation.
Insulation. For thermal insulation of a flat roof, filled materials are used, such as clayzit, perlite, slag, rolled, for example, mineral wool and in the form of plates, in particular polystyrene foam. By the way, the insulation is used not only for regulation temperature mode, but also for lowering houses with a flat roof. The basic requirements for insulation are low hygroscopicity and thermal conductivity, light weight.
Waterproofing. Flat roof allows for coating to protect against moisture Roll materials: bitumen, polymer and bitumen-polymer. In addition to high waterproofing qualities, they must have resistant to temperature difference, elasticity, long service life.

Types of roofing and nuances of their mounting

A flat roof device defines the design and nature of use. In some types, requiring a special approach during the construction, the following is allocated:

Installation of roof for unheated buildings

If the plane roof is erected with your own hands for the unheated economic room, for example, barn, gazebos, canopy or extension, bias are organized using supporting beams.

They are installed at an angle of 3 degrees, which is 30 mm for each traffic point meter of the length of the beam. Then the bases from the unedged boards are laid on the beams, fixing them with nails or self-draws.

Ruberoid is used as a waterproofing - the most affordable material. It is produced and sold in the form of rolls. They perform the cutting waterproofing, cutting the bands so as to put them in the direction of the liner of the flat roof.

Ruberoid bands statenly laminated with a flystone 10-15 cm and fixed with wooden slats or steel strips every 60-70 cm in the direction of the drain, so as not to block the path of flowing moisture. The flat roof of the unheated room is easily mounted with their own hands, even one employee without the help of subbands.

Installation of roof for heated structures

If build a private house With a flat roof, which plan to connect to the heating system, work is held in the following order:

To build a house with a flat roof, the length of which exceeds 6 m, for the manufacture of supporting beams, use a sequence of 150x150 mm and more or a steel aluminum.

Roofing of monolithic concrete

Another option, as a flat roof is erected with your own hands - the use of monolithic concrete. The process is as follows:

The process of ransom

- The device of a small corner of the roof surface for the organization of the drain. Before building a house with a flat roof, it is better to determine in advance which drainage you will mount, internal or external and make a drawing.

If it is provided, water with the help of a pile should be flown into the waterfront funnels, which have 1 per 25 sq. M or more often. If you do an external drain, the moisture should fall into the drainage chute. The flap is formed by the following methods:

A flat roof without competent rally - an unreliable shield between you and the bad weather. Moisture, which has no way out, will accumulate on the surface of the roof, provoke the destruction of the roof and leakage.

Video instruction

Flat roofs in our time are undeservedly forgotten and not spoiled by the attention of developers. In private house-building, they are found primarily in southern areas where heavy rains and snowfall are rare. Tent roofs, on the contrary, firmly settled in projects and minds of homeowners.

This state of affairs is explained simply: until recently, builders did not have reliable and durable waterproofing.

Standard rubberoid - cardboard, impregnated with bitumen, can long resist moisture and temperature drops. Even a thick 4-layer coating from it has to be changed in 6-8 years.

Today, interest in the flat roof begins to grow.

For this there are several reasons:

Economic benefit. The cost of arrangement is lower than the tent (more simple design and smaller area);
Additional effective area. It is possible to rational use (flower bed, playground, recreation area, swimming pool);
Accessibility in maintenance and operation (cleaning of drainage, installation of air conditioners, antennas, inspection of coating, ventilation and smoke channels);
The snow layer plays the role of additional thermal insulation, reducing heating costs.
Original appearance building.

Types of flat roofs

Strictly speaking, absolutely flat roof on the building you will not see. Any of them has minimal From 1 to 4% required for atmospheric precipitation.

There are four types of flat roofs:

non-exploitable;
operated;
green (lawn);
combined.

Uncommunicable roofs are found on industrial buildings.

Operated roofs found use in public and private construction. Recreation areas are placed on them, placing cafes and restaurants, use under car parks and helicopter platforms.

Green (lawn) coatings are made to decorate buildings, as well as when a lack of space on the plot. In addition to aesthetic function, they fulfill an important practical task. The vegetable turf layer is excellent warm and soundproofer.

Combined roofs with a flat surface - the most common option. Comfortable holiday by fresh air surrounded by green grass and flowering plants Like everyone.

By the method of drainage of the house with a flat roof, they are divided into two types:

With internal drainage;
With outdoor water discharge (over the perimeter of the roof).

The internal drainage is cheaper than the external, since it does not require large number Gutters, pipes, funnels and high-rise works on their installation. Performed is more difficult. Errors when creating a slope, poor-quality sealing of joints lead to leaks and impaired integrity of the protective layer of waterproofing.

In operation, flat coatings with inner drainage is more profitable. In winter, icicles do not grow on such a roof. Drainage pipes Pass inside the building and therefore do not freeze. Clean the garbage funnels are easier and easier than hanging gutters.

Features of the device

According to the method of arrangement and location of structural layers, experts identify two types of flat roofs:

Classic;
Inversion.

Classic roofing "Pie" is equipped according to the following technology:

according to the ceiling plates, the cement-sand-sand flashes make;
put steam barrier and insulation;
fill the waterproofing membrane or frontal carpet;
if the coating is operated, the waterproofing is protected by ceramic tiles.

Constructive classic flat roof

The main disadvantage of the traditional design is the vulnerability of an external insulating layer from solar ultraviolet and temperature differences.

Working on the solution of this problem, engineers came to the idea of \u200b\u200binversion coverage. In it, the main elements of the design (insulation and waterproof membrane) are changed in places. Waterproofing is hiding under the polyfoam, which from external influences is protected by a ballast layer of gravel or tile trim.

Construction of inversion coating

Accordingly, the technology of work is changing. The waterproof rover from the rubberoid or EPDM membrane is glued onto the stove or spread on it, fixing in places of pricing to the parapet.

The bias in this case create one of two ways:

With a solid tile
In the insulation, changing the thickness of its laying.

Installation of thermal insulation on a flat roof

Waterfronts and pipes are installed at the lowest points of the slope. In addition to them, the ventilation is mounted for removing the water vapor accumulating in the contact area of \u200b\u200bvaporizolation with the insulation.

When the coating designed for plant falling down, the constructive is complemented by the upper layer of waterproofing. Drainage layers of gravel are poured over it, the geotextile is steeter and poured the fertile layer of the Earth.

Besides roofingStored on reinforced concrete plates, designed projects of houses with a flat roof on wooden beams.

Building technology in this case may include the following operations:

The walls are mounted on the walls with a step of 50-100 cm, fixing them to the laying with anchor stiletto. The cross section of bars depends on the width of the span, the project load and can be from 10x20 cm to 15x25 cm;
On the beams are placed plates OSB., tightly singing them together;
Ensure the waterproofing membrane in 2 layers, combining the cunning joints.
Make thermal insulation from durable (extruded) foam, gluing it to the membrane. The bias for water drain create, laying the insulation with layers of different thickness;
From above, the heat insulator is protected by a cement screed, reinforced grid or lined tiles.

Examples of private houses

Among the developers there are many supporters of flat roofs. They are attracted to the simplicity of construction, the low cost of the work and the possibility of placing the site for the summer holiday.

Fat layer of snow on a flat roof - not a problem, but an additional insulation

The design of buildings with such a roof perfectly fits into the stylistry of minimalism, providing a wide field for creativity to the project developers.

Spacious, comfortable and nothing superfluous - the motto of everyone who chooses a house with such a roof. Scope roof Visually drags the building, and flat, on the contrary, makes it light and air.

Exterior of the facade one-storey house A flat roof is favorably different from the fairly seen variations of the "timber" character.

On it, most often you will not see the drainage gutters and pipes, the water from which falls on the walls and spoil the appearance of the finish. Internal drainage is effective, practical and immeasured.

This embodiment of the upper part of the building is used, as a rule, with the construction of "high-rise buildings", as well as various administrative, production, warehouse and some other buildings: pavilions, demonstration halls, and the like. Despite the fact that a flat roof has a number of disadvantages, it does not reduce the popularity of such a design, including in private house-building.

Benefits of flat roofs

FirstlyThe installation of a flat roof can be done independently, and not to invite helpers or hire professionals, such as, when building a roof of a complex configuration (, four-page, and the like). Therefore, they will not have to pay for their work (it's not about large areas, where it will be problematic alone).

Secondly, the construction of such a roof gives significant savings both by materials (money) and in time (the area of \u200b\u200bthe coating is significantly less than when drunk hardware). It is not necessary to produce numerous calculations or order a project (which will cost it somehow), collect the complex system of rafters, install bodies, nurses, and so on. In addition, there are no restrictions on choosing a roofing type.

Thirdly, a flat surface is much easier to maintain and repair, which also gives a tangible savings in the future.

Fourth, the ability to select options for arrangement. A flat roof can only serve as a traditional "coating" for home, or be used (inversion). For example, greenhouses, summer gardens, solarium and the like are mounted on it. Even the helicopter platforms are arranged. This fully compensates inconvenience due to the lack of an attic room.

disadvantages

Increased waterproofing requirements. Since the roof is horizontally, the water falling out in the form of precipitation on it. You can use, for example.
The garbage will constantly accumulate (for example, fallen leaves), so such a roof will have to serve more often.
Lack of attic (mansard) premises

What to consider

The maximum load that the roof will experience (for stropile design). Under this implies the weight of the frame itself, roofing material, layers of insulation and insulation, as well as possible snow cover. In addition, it is necessary to count on the fact that the roofing should withstand and the weight of people who will subsequently walk on it.
Purpose of the structure and the possibility of further use of the surface (for example, terrace equipment). Depending on this, the type of overlapping is determined.

Technology of work

The easiest option of the flat roof - when the railway plates are stacked (for example, garage, shed). Here everything is extremely simple. The so-called "puff pastry" is satisfied on the surface: vaporizolation, if necessary - insulating material, waterproofing layer. For equipment, the latter is most often used rolled materials.

Warming of railway plates can be done by pouring a layer of clay and equipped with top cement screed. The slag and some other materials are also used.

Traditionally, a rubryoid is used for waterproofing, which is covered on top bitumen mastic. It is necessary to take into account that this material will last no more than 5 years, and then you have to repair. It is more expedient as a "waterproofer" to lay polymeric materials, such as membranes. Great and liquid rubber.

Since the installation of the plates requires the involvement of special equipment, with an independent device of a flat roof, you can equip the simplest slinge system From wood.

First of all on top parts carriers Support supports - Mauerlats. Most often uses such material like a bar. It must be borne in mind that these design elements should be rigidly fixed to eliminate the possibility of their horizontal displacement.

Therefore, it is pre-along the entire length of the walls in their upper end surfaces, metal pins are immutted. Their length is calculated so that after mounting the Mauerlatov, they tower over the bar about 5 cm. In their ends, a thread should be cut.

If the laying is old, then the "ribbon" from the concrete solution is arranged on top of the walls. After that, in each wooden blank, pre-planned holes with a diameter of a little more cross section of metal "fingers" are dried. First, the rubberoid strips (or similar waterproofing material) are laid on the tape), and then Mauerlates. They are satisfied with the pins, and on top to each hole is put on the washer and with the help of the nuts there is a reliable fixation of the bar at the installation site.

Next stacked overlap beams. It is necessary to take into account that the roof should perform for the dimensions of the house at 50 - 60 cm (the required Svet). It will protect the walls, and the breakfast from the water flowing down from it, as well as from rain drops.
The device of the carrier frame. Depending on the type, it can be either solid (boards, plates), or cellular (case).

Parosolation.

Insulation. For flat roofs there is a nuance. Absence attic room It deprives such a building of the "airbag" from above. Therefore, insulation is carried out both outside and from the inside. But at the same time it is necessary to take into account the weight of such a material, as it is an additional load on the solo system.

Waterproofing.

Roofing.

Finishing of soles.

This is only a common list of necessary events. The production technology for each item depends on local conditions and from the selected materials.

Any "tree" applied in construction should be well sucked. The moisture in its structure gradually "leaves" (natural destruction of the material), which leads to a change in not only the volume of the workpiece, but also to its deformation (for example, twisting).
Wood has two essential drawbacks - burns and is susceptible to rotting. Therefore, before its use, all wooden parts of the design are pre-processed with antipirens and antiseptics. It is better to spend money on these funds than then to suffer with frequent repairs.
When installing Mauerlatov, you need to constantly monitor their horizontality with building level. Otherwise, the roof will succeed with distortion. If necessary, or lines the tape, or the hard lining is made under Maulelat.
To eliminate stagnation of water on the roof, it is advisable to make it with some slope (approximately 3 0 - 5 0). As a rule, the slide goes towards the back of the structure. For this, the height of the front Mauerlatov increases, so the beams of overlapping will be skipped with a slope.

Flat roof - a common architectural solution in civil, industrial and private construction. The device of a flat roof has its own characteristics, but the main principle is that the waterproofing layer must be a solid carpet with certain technical characteristics. Designing roofing structures should be performed in accordance with the SNiP.

Structure of roofing cake

If you look at the design in the context, this species The roof is a multi-layered structure, which includes:

flat base;
vapor insulation layer;
insulation;
waterproofing.

The base of the flat roof may be reinforced concrete plate Overlap, or a construction of metal products. Depending on the type of base, the material is selected for the rest of the components of the roofing pie and the methods of its installation.

The vapor insulation layer is performed from rolled or bitumen materials. It prevents the penetration of moisture from the premises in the thermal insulation layer of the roofing structure.

As a heater for a flat roof, a wide range of materials is used, including:

mineral wool;
clay gravel;
polystyrene foam plates;
cement-sand screed.

The waterproofing layer is traditionally performed from rolled materials on a bitumen basis. Special mastic or PVC membrane can also be used.

The waterproofing carpet should have a certain elasticity to carry mechanical deformations of the base and temperature differences.

The structure of the cake depends on the functional features of the roof. The following types of roof differ:

traditional;
ventilated;
operated;
inversion.

Flat roof flasher

According to SNiP, when installing a flat roofing structure, it is necessary to provide its slope of 1-4 °. Such a design of flat roofs allows you to avoid water accumulation on the surface of the coating. For waterproofing, not only long-term stagnation of water in certain sections is dangerous. The strong deformation and destruction of the outer coating of the roof is a consequence of a multiple repetition of the freezing process and thawing the accumulated moisture. For lowering roofs can be applied various materials. The choice depends on their technical characteristics and installation features.

Light concrete with bulk polymer filler (in particular, extruded polystyrene) refers to the number of popular materials. It is quite simple in laying, the resulting design has high strength. But the use of this material for the rally should be foreseen at the stage of design of the building, since the considerable weight of the concrete used increases the load on the overlap, the walls and the foundation of the structure.

Similar characteristics have a lightweight concrete with filler from perlite or clay. This material is cheaper, but its weight is even more, while the resulting roofing pie is less durable.

A flat roof device can be carried out using monolithic insulation that allows you to perform a flap. In this case, sheet material (mineral wool, clay sheets, etc.) is mounted on the prepared surface. The mount can be performed on a durable, chain glue that eliminates the offset of sheets with time. Dowels with a plastic spacer can also be used - the metal contact with the base of the roof is preferably eliminated that the roofing pie did not have a cold bridges.

The most time consuming includes a roof device using bulk materials for puff. It is difficult to pour the concrete layer of a loosching insulation (clay or perlite), observing the necessary angle of inclination of the roof plane, as the granules can shift.

Effective, but expensive option Rock glazes are laying foam concrete, followed by applying a fibrobeton layer. Pie with such thermal insulation layer is designed for long exploitation. This technology requires attracting experienced professionals.

In accordance with SNiP, the bias of the roof is carried out towards the water-driven funnels (in the presence of inner drain), or towards the water intake of the waterboat's water intake, which should be attached under roofing carpet or on outdoor wall building.

Roofing nodes

In order for roofing pie to be reliably protected from external influences, special attention should be paid to the places of its adjoining to building structures - parapets, walls, pipes, external parts of the ventilation systems, etc. There are various nodes of a flat roof, first of all, it is a node:

adjoining;
svea;
pass through the roof.

The nodes are installed on the reinforced concrete basis in places where the roofing pie is adjacent to the cut vertical design. Manufacturers of roofing materials are often developing their own systems that may have certain design features.

The node should ensure the tightness of the joint and its heat shield, so the assembly of nodes should be considered extremely carefully.

Device non-exploited flat roof

The most common design is the traditional soft roof. In the context, it consists of a bearing base plate, a vapor insulation layer, heat insulation from sheet mineral Wat and a waterproofing carpet made from a rolled bit wide material. The benefits of this design include low cost and simple installation.

More practical non-exploitable roofs are performed using modern materials. High-popularity uses waterproofing from PVC membrane. Its installation can be performed in any season, since the membrane is resistant to low and high temperatures. In addition, if the layer of thermal insulation managed to accumulate moisture in the process of laying, the membrane allows it to evaporate. In this case, the material has high water repellent properties. In the process of mounting the canvas in a single whole, special welding equipment without an open flame is used.

The coating of the non-exploited flat roof can be performed using mastic. This is a liquid material that is applied on top of a rigid smooth insulating layer. Mastic is made on the basis of elastic, hydrophobic polyurethane resins. On the open air, after a certain time after applying to a smooth layer, it is polymerized, forming a solid rubber-like membrane. The device of such waterproofing allows you to securely protect the roofing pie from moisture penetration.

Popular technology is the use of waterproofing. This is an accessible option in terms of price and quality ratio - the durability of such a roof is from 25 years. Bitumen-polymeric material based on the web, which has been incorrect rotting, creates a super-durable waterproofing layer. Using this material Can be performed.

The device of the operated roof

Such a flat roof design is significantly more expensive in the installation, but it allows you to benefitly use additional areas. Today, this type of roof is widely in demand for equipment of sports fields, green zones, cafes, parking lots, etc. Installation of reinforced roof is also necessary if the roof is assumed to install heavy items, including equipment. In accordance with SNiP, the roofing design must withstand uneven high load, that is, not to be deformed on limited areas of the area. The incision of a flat-operated roof is different from the usual presence in a rigid base or a special screed over the waterproofing layer. Such a coating eliminates the placement of the waterproofing carpet with its subsequent destruction.

Features of the inversion coating

The structure of the inversion roof is fundamentally different from other types of roofs. When it is arranged, the waterproofing layer is first mounted on the base. In section, the roofing pie looks like this: the base plate, waterproofing, insulation, drainage layer, geotextile. This design allows you to protect the waterproofing material from the destructive effects of ultraviolet and temperature differences, mechanical damage. Geotextile, in turn, ensures the protection of the insulation. As an external layer applied paving tile. Such a roof is able to withstand high loads, including used as parking.

Flat roofs their types and designs can be classified:

For the purpose of the surface. It can be operated and non-exploited.
By way of laying roofing pie. May be traditional and inversion.
By type of construction. It may be an attic and nonsense.
Separately allocate ventilated and non-ventilated designs.

Operated roof

The operated flat roof can be used as parking, helipad, tennis court, swimming pool, green roof and just a terrace. In any case, it is necessary to calculate the possible load on the roof.

Load from operation (human weight, auto, water in the pool, etc.).

In some cases, the roof is exposed to a pressure of 20 tons per square meter.

Also, due to the peculiarities of the device of a flat roof, it is strongly exposed to ultraviolet rays.

Together, these factors mean that the choice building materials For such a roof, it is necessary to fit with special care.

The roofing cake of the roof of the roof is as follows:

Reinforced concrete slab overlap.
Singing layer. It is performed from slag, concrete, ceramisit, wedge-shaped mineral insulation and other similar materials. Top is fixed with a concrete tie. Angle angle up to 3%. We are necessary for high-quality water removal in the required direction. The bias is always suitable for waterproofing to ensure the flow of water on it.
Leveling concrete screed .
Waterproofing. It is performed from bitumen, polymer, PVC materials and sealants. Regularly use the runneroid, laying it into two layers, while it is important that the joints of the upper and lower rows do not coincide.
Heat insulation. Keeps in the room warm in winter and cool in the summer. Requires a thorough approach to the calculation of thickness. In case of error, the formation of condensate indoors is not excluded. If not an inversion type of roof is used, and the traditional, the insulation must be resistant to a pair. If, on the contrary, resistance to water absorption should be present.
Drainage layer. Considering the technology of a flat roof, water should flip over the surface in drainage trays. But in other cases, the moisture can enter the joints between the tile used as the finishing element of the pavement, or soaked into the ground when using a green roof. So that the elements of the roofing pie are not wet, are suitable for a drain layer, which takes water in the desired direction.
Next, it all depends on the type of roof exploited. If this is a green roof - stacked geotextiles, which will not give the roots of plants to destroy the roofing pie. If this is a roof terrace, or parking - the drainage layer is a concrete screed under the tile, or another finishing material.

We note that when using the traditional roof, the order of the elements of the roofing cake is changing. Parosolation, then the insulation, and only then waterproofing are stacked by the succumbing layer.

On the advantages and disadvantages of this method just below.

Non-exploited roof

The non-exploitable flat roof is characterized by its economy. It is not intended to withstand any loads except snow. This allows less thoroughly suitable for the choice of building materials.

The device of roofing pie of this type of roof the following:

Iron-concrete slab overlap. Instead, the use of profiled sheets with high wave height, type H-153 and H-158 is allowed.
Layer of bias formation.
Parosolation.
Heat insulation.
Waterproofing.
Ballast gravel layer. The thickness of such a layer should be from 10 to 20 centimeters. We are necessary to protect waterproofing from the effects of ultraviolet rays and fire prevention.

Once again, we draw your attention that layers of steam, heat and waterproofing can vary in places depending on the type of roof used.

Traditional roof

The device of a flat roof along the traditional type is used for a very long time. At the same time, roofing cake will look like this:

Layer of bias formation.
Parosolation. It is necessary to protect the insulation from steam outgoing from the room. Otherwise, even in the case of single-rise humidification of the heat-insulating layer, there is a significant increase in thermal conductivity. It is performed from specialized vapor insulation membranes and films.
Heat insulation. It is allowed to use almost all types of insulation, even with a low percentage of moisture resistance.
Further on the traditional drawing of the roof of a flat roof should be laid a layer of waterproofing. Consider, it must be certainly high-quality, as it is absolutely not protected from temperature drops.

The advantages of the traditional roof is that it guarantees the protection of the heat-insulating layer from wetting. First, it allows the use of the entire range of insulation for the roof. Secondly, the insulation will not lose its characteristics of thermal conductivity, it means that there will always be a comfortable temperature regime in the room.

At the same time, such a flat roof design puts under the waterproofing. It is maximally exposed to temperature drops, which leads to its accelerated aging. Also, the insulation does not protect the waterproofing from external power loads, which again adversely affects its service life. In general, this kind of roof is less durable and requires enough frequent repair work.

Inversion roof

It is a more progressive view of a flat roof device. Presses the device of the next roofing cake:

Reinforced concrete slab overlap, or professional flooring.
Layer of bias formation.
Aligning concrete screed.
Primer under waterproofing, for better fitness. During this process, a screed for cracks and water bubbles is carefully examined. Cracks are lubricated with mortar, water bubbles are removed.
Waterproofing.
Heat insulation.
Next, either the drainage or ballast layer, depending on whether the roof will be operated or not.

Inversion roof has the following advantages:

Protection of the waterproofing film from temperature drops. As a result, it extends the life of the film in particular, and the service life of the roof as a whole.
The insulation redistributes power loads on waterproofing in such a way that it is not reflected on it.
The extruded polystyolster, which is customary to use as thermal insulation in this form of the roof, is cheaper than mineral wool used for the traditional roof.
The inversion design of a flat roof allows you to produce more repairs, if necessary, replace, or add insulation.

There are cons who belong to:

It is permissible to use insulation only with closed cells to prevent their excessive wet.
The need to install a more complex design of the drainage gutters.

Children's roof

The technology of the device of a flat roof with a attic implies the possibility of using two types:

The abduction roof is a light superstructure, and attic overlap It serves as the main supporting structure.
An attic overlap and the abduction roof is independent of each other and are capable of equally well to withstand power loads.

The advantages of the roof with the attic is:

The ability to continuously control the tightness of the waterproofing layer.
The ability to regularly monitor the state of the insulation.
Insulation can be laid after the roof was mounted.
The attic itself performs the functions of thermal insulation.

The disadvantages include:

The impossibility of mechanical cleaning from snow, subject to the use of an abduction roof as an easy superstructure. Instead, the attic is blocked by hot dry air, which provides tapping snow from above and its gradual gathering.
This kind of roof is more expensive.

Bescaneous roof

The more popular is the Bescaneous roof. She is:

It is cheaper than an attic.
Simply mounted.
Provides melting of snow due to heat from the room.

Bescaneous flat roof has a significant drawback:

There is no possibility to timely determine the violation of the waterproofing layer. Damage data is manifested as a wet spot on the ceiling, due to which it is impossible to determine the exact location.

Ventilated and non-ventilated roof

Roof ventilation is arranged between insulation and waterproofing layer. Thus, a constant circulation of air is achieved, which ensures constant dryness of the insulation. Used with the traditional type of roofing pie.

When ventilating device, it is important to adhere to the following recommendations:

The height of the ventilation opening is at least 1/30 of the width of the building.
Hole diameter at least 1/150 common Square Roofs.
Air inlets should be located lower than the output.
Holes are evenly distributed over the width of the entire building.

In turn, a non-ventilated roof does not require creating additional elements Roofs of flat roofs. But this slightly reduces the life of the heat-insulating material.