Duscade roof: a rafter system under a professional flooring, a photo, drawing. Calculation, installation with your own hands of the rafting system of the bone roof. The distance between the rapid roof rafters under the corrugated floor. Step rafters for different types of roofs and roofing materials with

The reliability of the roof and its operation is mainly dependent on how correctly the calculations are made.

One of the most important parameters of the rafter system is how far the rafters are located.

After all, the load distribution on the frame depends precisely from this desired parameter.

If the calculation is incorrect, the deformation and the roof can occur.

Therefore, it is extremely important to perform an accurate calculation of the interval between the rapid legs in the preparation of the roof project.

Basic settlements

A step of rafters is called the distance from one rafter foot to another.

During the construction of private house roofs, this value is 1 meter.

But this is an approximate figure.

In order to obtain the exact size of the interval, it is necessary to calculate the bearing capacity of the solid type of the selected type.

To perform the correct calculation, use the following scheme:

• initially, it is necessary to determine what the length of the roofing slope;
• now the resulting digit should be divided by an approximately selected value. stropile Chag.. If you have previously selected its value of 1 meter, then it is necessary to divide on 0.8, then it should be divided by 0.8, etc.;
• after that, the result is added to the result and round the resulting value in the most side. This action is necessary in order to obtain a precise number of rafters that will need to be installed on one slope;
• the total length of the skate should be divided into the amount of rafter feet obtained under the previous calculation. And we get the exact distance between them.

To understand everything better, let's consider an example.

Measuring the length of the roof of the roof, they received 27.5 meters.

We choose a step 1 meter to make it more convenient to read.

Further calculations will look like this:

Now add a unit of 27.5 m +1 \u003d 28.5 m.

Round up to the nearest value and get the number 29.

That is, on one slope of our roof it is necessary to install 29 rafting legs.

Now the roof length is divided by their quantity: 27.5 / 29 \u003d 0.95 m.

So, in our case, the step of the rafting feet should be 0.95 meters.

This is a common calculation.

With which the peculiarity of a particular roofing material is not taken into account.

And it can significantly change this parameter.

When you know what kind of material you will use on the roof, you will have to make some changes.

Optimal and minimum meaning

Step is a settlement unit.

After all, it depends first of all, from the load on the roof frame and the cross section of the rafter.

You can take a thick board for their facilities and the interval between them to make 120 cm.

With this distance it may begin to get a doomle.

And how to lay insulation?

After all, most materials width equals 1 meter.

So take an approximate step in 1 meter when calculating.

The minimum distance between the rapid legs is 70 cm.

And to obtain the optimal value for each material it is necessary to calculate.

Single Roof Step Detection

Single roof is the simplest.

Indeed, in the rapid farm of such a roof there are only rafting legs.

No boosts, racks, dive in its design.

Associate such a roof usually on garages, extensions, baths.

In order to determine the step of the rafted on a single-bedroom roof, you can use the table:

As can be seen from the table, the rafter step depends on their length and cross section.

Distance between rapid roof rafyles

The duct roof is occurring much more often than the roof is a single one.

And explain such popularity simply: the design is very simple, but with all the simplicity, the bartal roof is distinguished by its reliability.

Its design is easy to adjust any climatic conditions And any roofing material.

When calculating the step of the rafted binary roof, everyone is performed according to the general calculation system (see above).

If the rods have the same length, it is enough to perform calculations for one slope.

If the skates of different lengths, then the calculation is performed for each slope.

It should be remembered that the limit values \u200b\u200bof the step of the rafter feet 70 and 120 cm.

Ondulin

If ondulin will be used as roofing material, the rafter system is constructed from pine boards with a cross section of 50 x 200 mm, and the rafters should be located at least 60 cm and no more than 90 cm each other.

From above, the drying of the timber with a cross section of 40 x 50 mm is laid.

Metal tile.

Roofing from metal tile during construction country houses Used most often.

Because this material is much easier to ceramic or cement tiles.

Although appearance It looks very like it.

The small weight of the metal tile makes it possible to use when creating a soling system of a smaller board, and for the crate to use thinner bars.

More about a counterclaim for metal tile.

About the hollow roof with hanging rafters by reference. Also about the design of hanging rafters.

About the price of metal tile Viking here. Specifications, photos, reviews.

The decrease in the size of the elements of the rafting leg system, in turn, reduces the burden on the walls of the building and its foundation.

When building a rafter system for metal tile, the rafters are mounted in 60 - 95 cm increments.

The material section is 50 x 150 mm.

According to experts, if at the interval between the rafters, put the insulation, having a thickness of 150 mm, then the most comfortable conditions for living will be created in the attic room.

To ensure the ventilation of the space, where the insulation is laid, the holes near the upper roof of diameters of 12 mm arrive at the installation of the rafter system.

The technology of manufacturing a rafter system for metal tile from the technology of manufacturing the framework for other roofing materials is not significantly different.

The only difference is installation at the top.

Mounting the upper support is not on the ski bar on the side, but on the ski run.

The presence of a free zone between the rafters allows the air to be fully circulated under the flooring, which helps to protect the condensate formation.

Ceramic tile

The design of the system under ceramic tiles has its own characteristics.

After all, clay uses for the manufacture of such roofing material.

And this is a very heavy material.

If you compare metal tiles and tiled ceramic, then the last weighs 10 times more.

Accordingly, the rafter system is significantly different.

On 1 square meter of the surface of the roof there is a load of 40 - 60 kg depending on the manufacturer and product brand.

The rafters for such a frame system are made of wood, which passed a long drying.

Such wood must have moisture no more than 15%.

A timber having a section of 50 x 150 or 60 x 180 mm is used.

So more reliable.

And the distance between rapid legs can be 80 - 130 cm.

The exact value can be called if the angle of inclination is known.

If the angle of inclination is equal to 15 degrees, then the step of the rafter will be 80 cm.

And if the angle of inclination, for example, will be 75 degrees, then the step may be greater - 130 cm.

More 130 cm The interval between the rafters do not.

Also, when calculating the step, the rafter is taken into account their length.

The more Dina, the smaller the distance between them.

The shorter the rafter legs, the more you can make the distance.

If the angle of inclination is 45 degrees, the roofer can move safely on the roof if the step of the rafter is 80 cm.

Professor

When creating a rafter system under the corrugated, the minimum distance between the rapid legs is 60 cm.

The maximum value is 90 cm.

If for any reason the step rafter was more than 90 cm, then there is a need to install a large cross-section.

The rapid legs themselves may have a cross section of 50 x 100 or 50 x 150 mm.

Slate

Despite the emergence of a large number of new roofing materials, asbetic slate remains one of the most popular.

If slate is planned for the roof, the rafters must have a cross section of 50 x 100 or 50 x 150 mm.

The distance between them makes no less than 60 and no more than 80 cm.

The crate is made from a bar having a cross section of 50 x 50 mm or a cross section of 25 x 100 mm.

With the device of any building design, it should be remembered that there are still unexpected situations.

And, therefore, when calculating sections of the rafter and the distance between them it is necessary to provide for a margin of safety.

on the mounting of the rafter system.

Sergey Novozhilov - expert on roofing materials with 9 years of practical experience in the field of engineering solutions in construction.

Source: http://proroofer.ru/montaz/stropilnye-sistemy/rasstoyanie-mezhdu-stropilami.html

Distance between the rafallers of the two-sheet roof and step rafters

The quality and durability of the roof is largely dependent on the correct calculation of the step of the rafter. It affects the laying of the insulation, fastening the roofing material and the installation of the challenges.

Pay attention only to the requirements for the distance under roofing sheets, then problems can arise with insulation plates. And on the contrary, driving under the dimensions of the insulation you can make a frame too weak, and the threat of collapse will arise.

Basics of determination of the step

As a rule, a step between rafters depends on several factors. But usually the distance ranges between 0.6 and 1.2 meters. These indicators are rounded, in practice, the distance may differ for several centimeters in a smaller side. To accurately determine, the following calculations must be performed:

1. Determine the length of the skate, measuring on the front side of the house. Suppose that it turned out 17.8 meters.
2. Divide the resulting indicator on the planned step of the rafter. If it was decided that the distance between the beams will be 0.8 meters, then 17.8 / 0.8 \u003d 22.25.
3. Next, the result is rounded in a large side and add a unit: 23 + 1 \u003d 24. At this stage, the number of required rafters is determined.
4. Now we calculate the distance between the beam axes. For this, the length of the skate must be divided into the number of rafters: 17.8 / 24 \u003d 0.74 m.

So, you define the real distance at which rafters should stand for a roof from metal tile or some other material.

Often, specialized calculators are used when planning the roof frame. Basic data contributes in them and get a ready-made result. Nevertheless, the program should not completely trust, as some conditions can only take into account a person. When calculating, you can understand how the system works, what loads are valid. If necessary, adjustments are made, reinforcing or facilitating design. Independent calculation will help more accurately determine the necessary step of rafted two-tie and one scope roof.

Calculation of the step depending on the roofing material

For each coating, their own norms and sizes that are presented to the rafter system are developed. The main factors are the strength of the material, its weight and resistance to external loads. Consider the main types of coatings.

Professor

The step of the rafted under the corrugated floor may vary from 0.6 to 0.9 m. The final result depends on the additional conditions that will talk below. If for some reason the step should be greater, add a transverse board with a large cross section. At the same time, the rafter is usually selected with dimensions of 50x100 or 50x150 mm.

In addition to the rafter, the cape of 30x100 millimeters is used. The gap between the boards should be about 0.5 meters. It can be more, it all depends on the type of professional flooring and the height of the wave. Clamps protruding beyond the borders of the eaves must have a thickness of 1.5 cm more than usual. This is done at the calculation of the need to fasten the ventilation, chimney or drainage.

Ceramic tile

The main complexity of the design of the rafter frame under ceramic tiles is the weight of the material of la roof. He is heavier than the professional flooring 10 times and per square meter ranges from 40 to 60 kg.

Under such a coating is used dry beams, with humidity of only 15%. Their cross section should be either 50x150 or 60x180 mm. With such indicators, the maximum allowable distance between the rafters can be 1.3 meters. The minimum permissible step through which it is possible to put rafters is 0.8 m. On the final solution affects the bias of the roof: at 15 °, the step is made of 0.8 m, at 75 ° - 1.3 m.

The calculation of a rafter foot is also taken into account than it is shorter than it, the greater the gap, and vice versa. In addition, if the slope is less than 45 °, and it is planned to move on the surface, the beams are set in increasingly 0.85 m.

The distance between the shell boards is selected so that each root intersection has its own base. The standard length of the material is 400 mm, and the amount of the allen during installation varies between 55 and 90 mm. It turns out that the distance between the central axes of the crate can be either 310, or 345 millimeters.

Metal tile.

IN last years The question is especially acute: how to determine the distance between rafters for metal tile?. It simulates a more expensive ceramic material, but it has the positive properties of the professional flooring. Installation of such a coating is simple and does not require large financial costs. All this makes the material attractive for roofs of private houses.

The mass of metal tiles is less ceramic, so a simple frame is required. The sections of the beams are reduced to 50x150 mm and increases the step between the crate. Step rafted under metal tile ranges between 0.6 and 0.95 m.

Ondulin

The permissible step for coating from ONDULIN is 0.6-0.9 meters. Standard cross section of rafted - 50x200 millimeters. Such dimensions will allow you to withstand the generated load of roofing pie to the bathous roof.

On top of the counterclaims fasten the crate of bars with dimensions of 40x50 millimeters. The step between the central axis is 600 mm.

Additional factors

When calculating the step, the rafter draws attention not only to the type of roofing coating. Many other points are taken into account, the data on which can be found in reference books and slips. Here are some of the factors:

1. Snow and wind load. The more snow falls in the winter and the stronger the wind blows, the smaller the distance between the beams should be. But if you increase the angle of the roof of the roof over 45 °, then it is allowed to increase step.
2. Selection of insulation. To reduce costs on the insulation plates, it is recommended to take into account their standard dimensions. Release mats width 600, 800 and 1200 mm. If you neglect this condition, then will appear a large number of Subsums, bridges of cold and construction will delay.
3. Lumber quality. It takes into account the breed of wood, grade and section. As mentioned above, the strength affects how well the beam was dried. By purchasing wood, pay attention to the evenness and availability of vice in the form of bitch and traces of pests.
4. Overlapping and tightening beams. If under the double-tie roof, the attic floor is equipped, then the maximum distance between the rafters is 0.75 meters.

The calculation of the distance between the beams for a two-sheet and a single-pate roof is different. Even if there is a few rods, for everyone you need to make calculation individually. This is especially true to buildings with different front cornices.

Taking into account all these factors can be determined at what distance to install rafters. Although all calculations can be made independently, since reference data is in free access, it is better to turn to professionals. They have experience in design, faster determine the required distance between the rafters. So you avoid possible errors And you will be safe.

Source: https://build-experts.ru/shag-stropil/

The distance between the rafyles is one of the key parameters affecting the strength of the structure. The competent calculation of the installation step of the rafter allows you to build a roof resistant to high operational loads.

Loads on the roof and calculation of the rafter system

Development of a single-table project or double roof It begins with the choice of the type of the rafter system, the angle of inclination of the rod (the height of the roof) and the construction materials for the construction of the structure. The calculation of the distance between the rapid legs is performed taking into account the loads that the roof will test during operation. Permanent loads included :

• weight of materials from which a rafter system is made;
• roofing weight;
• the weight of the materials of the roofing pie (waterproofing, vapor insulation, insulation);
• weight elements of decoration of a housing attic or attic.

In addition to constant loads, the roof is experiencing temporary to which :

snow cover;

human weight when servicing and repairing roofing.

Upon step implies the distance between the rafters of one slope. Performing the calculation of a single-table, nipce or complex roof, usually follow the following scheme :

• it is measured the length of the future roof scope;
• the resulting value is divided into the optimal numeric value of the string;
• the unit is added to the value, the result is rounded;
• the bottom of the roof skate is divided into rounded result.

The final result will allow you to determine what distance you should put the rafting legs.

The determination of the step cannot be extremely accurate, as it is required to take into account a number of additional factors, including the width of the insulation, the features of the edge of the crate under different kinds roofing material.

If the chimney roof is designed, the step can be adjusted to the location, so that it does not have to clean the part of the rafter and put the supporting structure, such as a special rafting system.

Distance between rafyles for slate

Slate - traditional roofing material. Its advantages include such characteristics as resistance to external influences (excluding mechanical) and low cost. Slate allows you to create a roofing coating, which can be replaced by the replacement of individual elements. Slate has a lot of weight and requires the installation of a fairly powerful rafting system. The calculation of the distance, on which it is necessary to put rafters for slate, is carried out taking into account the cross section of the bar for the manufacture of rafting legs.

The optimal solution is the installation of the system for slate, in which the gap between the rafters should be at least 800 mm. In order for the design to slate to withstand not only the weight of the material, but also increased external loads, the neckenet is performed from a bar or a board with a cross section of at least 30 mm. Performing the calculation of the rafter system for slate, it should be cleaned that this material It has sufficiently large restrictions on the choice of an angle of inclination of the skates.

Raftered under metal tile

Metal tile is actively used as a practical and aesthetic roofing material during the arrangement of a single-table, plumbing, holm or complex roof. The framework for metal tile is built according to the standard principles.

To calculate, at what distance it is better to put rafyroids, it is necessary to take into account the load and the angle of inclination of the roof. Metal tile characterizes a relatively low weight, so that it can serve as a replacement for old roofing coating from slate or ceramic tiles.

At the same time, the rafters will not need to strengthen or change the step of their installation.

The standard step of rafted under metal tile is 600-900 mm. The cross section of the elements can be 50-150 mm - this is enough to create a reliable frame for metal tile.

But if the insulation is assumed, the layer of which in areas with low winter temperatures should be 200 mm, for rafters for metal tile, it is recommended to use the 200x50 timber pump so as not to mount an additional system that holds the insulation.

The gap between rafters for metal tile is better to fit under the width of the leaf or rolled heat insulator.

Profile: rafters and doom

Professional flooring refers to the easy and convenient in the use of roofing materials. A galvanized or covered with a decorative and protective layer, professional flooring can be used both for mounting a single-table roof of the utility room or garage and for a two-tie roof of a residential building. How to calculate the distance required to install rafters under the professional flooring?

To ensure the necessary stiffness of the design, it rafters under the professional flooring is enough to put 600-900 mm in increments. It is necessary to pay attention to the angle of inclination of the roof.

The calculation shows that at high external loads, professional flooring is better laying on the system with a minimum step.

But if the distance between the rafters under the professional flooring is close to the maximum, and the angle of the roof of the roof is small, the design is enhanced by using a more frequent crate. In this case, the pitch of the crate under the professional flooring should be about 50 mm, the width of the elements is at least 100 mm.

Slinged system for soft roof

The soft roof includes bitumen and bitumen polymer rolled materials, roofing membranes, as well as soft tile. The soft roof characterizes the relatively low weight and the lack of the need to mount the massive rafter design.

The minimum distance between the rapid legs is 600 mm, the maximum is 1500 mm. When installing support under the soft roof, it is important to take into account the angle of inclination of the slopes: the less angle, the smaller the distance between the supports for the solid crate should be. The choice of material is also influenced by the thickness of the material for the crate - the thicker the sheet of plywood or osp, the greater there may be a step of installation of the rafting legs.

Ondulin: Calculation of rafters

Ondulin (bituminous slate) is laid on a flat solid crate made of sheet material. This allows roofing coating to successfully resist wind and snow loads. ONDULIN ONDULET BUILT ON THE REDUCE, which should be located in a step of 600 - 1000 mm, depending on the angle of tilt the two-screw or a single roof.

Scroll under ondulin is made from a bar with a cross section of 200 × 50 mm. Choosing, at what distance to put the rafter feet for the design of the ondulin, it is recommended to take into account the width of the insulating material to simplify its installation. This calculation allows to reduce the financial costs of roofing.

Sandwich panel roof

The roof of the sandwich is most often erected on houses from sip-panels or the construction of angar type. A feature of the sandwich is its bending rigidity, which allows you to do without installing traditional rafters. Small spans from the skate of the two-sheet roof to the top of the wall (or the distance between the supporting structures of a single-table roof) allow the installation of a sandwich without additional supports.

If the length of the span exceeds 4 meters, you need to install additional runs. To mount the roof of a sandwich on a residential building, a traditional rafter system is often installed, but in this case the rafter can be placed with a big step - they perform the support function for runs. The distance between the rapid legs is selected based on the length of the existing material for runs and length carriers. Sandwich technical parameters allow the roof to withstand high operational loads .

Polycarbonate: construction of the support structure

Polycarbonate has recently been actively used as roofing material. First of all, polycarbonate is in demand during the construction of arbors, canopies, winter gardens. The doomle and the rafter system for polycarbonate can be made of wood or metal.

Polycarbonate varies on their weight depending on the sheet thickness. The polycarbonate cable is recommended to perform 600-800 mm in increments. The lamp (wooden or metal) is mounted on rafters, which can be straight or have an arched shape.

Typically, the gap between the polycarbonate rafters is from 1500 to 2300 mm.

Source: http://krovlya-mp.ru/shag-stropil-dvuskatnoj-kryshi.html.

Distance between raps: what step should be between rafters

The task is to correctly calculate the distance between the rafters - very responsible. From how seriously you begin to go to her decision, not only the reliability and durability of the roof will depend on, but all subsequent works on it: laying of the insulation, installation of roofing coating, setting the challenges. If you put a rafted step under the roof sheets, as many make it, it is not a fact that the insulation will then be included between the rafters.

If you only focus on the insulation - the first winter with its abundant Russian snow will crush the rafter system. That is why the whole point is to pick up the optimal step of rafters on for all skates, and here we will teach you now.

Here is a good video lesson, how to independently calculate the distance between the rafters:

What depends on the arrangement step of the rafter?

So, the distance between the rafyles is determined by such important factors:

1. Roof shape (duct, single or multicate).
2. The angle of inclination of the roof.
3. The parameters of the timber that is used for the manufacture of rafters (width, thickness).
4. The design of the rapid system (ulissive, hanging or sliding).
5. The combination of all loads on the roof (the weight of the coating, atmospheric phenomena, etc.).
6. Material of the crate (20x100 or 50x50) and its parameters (solid, with 32 cm spaces, 20 cm or solid plywood)

And each of these parameters should be taken into account what this article is about.

Online Calculators VS. Notepad and pencil

For the correct calculation of the cross section of the rafted and step of their installation today there are many complex formulas. But remember that such formulas were at one time developed more so that there was a possibility not so much ideal to calculate the roof constructs, how much to explore the work of such elements.

For example, uncomplicated online programs are popular today, which are quite well calculated rafted parameters. But Ideally, if you can independently put specific tasks and calculate everything you need.

It is important to understand to the smallest detail, what exactly occurs in the rafter system during operation, which force on it is affected and what loads. And the computer program can not always take into account everything, what does notice the human brain.

Decorative rafters: 0% load

First of all, decide with the most important point: the type of roof and its appointment. The fact is that the roof of a residential building in winter withstands a large snow cap, a permanent wind at an altitude and is often insulating it from the inside, but to the rafter system of a small arbor hidden under the crowns of trees, there are completely different demands.

For example, if you build pergola in its classical understanding, it does not matter exactly what the distance between the rafters will be, this is a purely aesthetic factor:

In the above illustration, it can be seen that even in such a building there is a step of rafters. After all, here it provides both aesthetic factor, and the rigidity of the structure itself. But choose a step arbitrary.

Functional rafters: detailed calculation

We approach the main question: What distance should there be between the roof rafters of a residential building? Here, be patient and carefully examine all the nuances.

Item 1. Wall Length and Sick Stroke

The first thing the installation step of the rafter on the roof of the residential building is usually choosing a constructive size of the building, although taking into account many other factors.

For example, the easiest way to install rafters in 1 meter increments, so it is standard 7 rafters with a length of 6 meters. At the same time, you can save, putting them with a distance of 1 and 2 meters, and it turns out exactly 5 rafters. You can also put up with a distance of 2 and 3 meters, but it is to strengthen the crate. But it is extremely unwanted to take a step of rafted more than 2 meters.

Paragraph 2. Effect of snow and wind loads on the shape of the roof

So, we stopped on the fact that the average distance between the rafters of the ordinary roof is 1 meter. But, if there is a significant snow or wind load in the area, or the roof is more or less common or just heavy (for example, covered with clay tiles), then such a distance must be reduced to 60-80 cm. But on the roof with a slope of more than 45 degrees it can be Even increase at a distance of 1.2 m-1.4 m.

Why is it so important? Let's figure it out. The fact is that the air flow faces in its path with a wall under the roof of the building, and there is a twist, after which the wind strikes the roof into the pannies. It turns out that the wind stream is like a ridicule of the roof, but at the same time striving to lift it. And in the roof at this moment, there are forces that are ready to rip it or knock on - these are two windward sides and one lifting.

There is one more power that arises from the wind pressure and acts perpendicular to the slope, trying to induce the roofs of the roof. And the greater the angle of inclination of the roof of the roof, the more safe wind power and less tangents matter. And the greater the angle of the skate, the less you need to put rafters.

Understand, make you a high roof or a common one, will help this map of the average wind load value:

The second point: in the Russian region, such an atmospheric phenomenon like snow constantly affects the standard roof of the house. And here, too, you need to take into account that the snow bag usually accumulates more on some side of the roof than another.

That is why in such places where such a bag is possible, you need to insert twin rafting legs or make a solid crate. The easiest way to determine such places on the wind rose: with a windward side, they put single rafters, and with leeward - paired.

If you first build a house, then do not get on your own worldview, and determine the average snow load For its locality, according to official data:

Item 3. Question of insulation and standard width of mats

If the roof you will be insulated, then the step of the rafter is advisable to put under the standard dimensions of the insulation slabs, and this is 60, 80 cm and 120 cm.

Modern insulation today is selling a standard width, usually on the same standard step of rafters. If then take them and customized under the existing parameters, then there will be a lot of waste, cracks, cold bridges and other problems.

Clause 4. Quality and strength of the used sawn timber

It also has the most important thing that you use for the construction of the rafter system. So, for each breed of wood there is its own regulatory documentation, which concerns its bearing ability:

Because For the manufacture of a rapid roof system in Russia, pine and fir are most often used, their flexural strength and features of use have long been spelled out. If you use the wood of other breeds, you can display the correction factor.

In addition, if there are cross sections, wrinkles or holes for the bolts, in this place it is necessary to calculate the carrier ability of the bar with a coefficient of 0.80.

Paragraph 5. Distance between tightening and overlap beams

Another point: if the roof is built with the linked rafting farms, and their lower belt is used simultaneously as the ceiling beams, then the distance between farms needs to be made within 60-75 cm to take into account the design of the future floor.

Paragraph 6. Loads for rafting nodes

So, here are the main loads that act on the rapid roof system:

1. Static, which includes the weight of the very rapid system, the weight of the roof lying on the roof of snow and the challenges.
2. Dynamic, which includes the strength of the wind, unexpected damage to the roof, human weight and equipment for repair and similar factors.

And all these factors are capable at a certain point to affect the roof at the same time, and therefore there is a concept as critical value. This is exactly the value of loads in which the roof does not withstand and deform.

Therefore, if the building is built with significant spans, the steel rafting farms are necessarily applied. The fact is that the voltage in such rods is already absent, and the entire load falls on the nodes - compressive and tensile forces are affected here. And the distance between such farms is calculated depending on the type of roof and the design of the roof itself.

Usually, a unified farm is put with a span, a multiple of six, and therefore there is a distance between the farm nodes, a multiple one and a half meters.

Paragraph 7. The weight of the rafter system and roofing cake

Do not forget that the main purpose of the rafter is to keep the whole roof on itself, and its weight is crucial:

Paragraph 8. Convenience of roofing

It affects the distance between the rafters is also such a factor as the selected roofing coating. The higher the slope of the roof, the more roofing materials will be used. And what they are harder, the more likely they will have to put rafters. But what about a solid doom? The fact of the matter is that it has its own weight:

Each type of roof is its optimal step of rafters. After all, many standard sheets on the edges must be attached directly to rafters or the crate, and it is important that they coincide. Otherwise, the roof covering will easily turn into a daytime hell at height, believe me.

That is why even before the start of installation you need to make a layout, check all several times. And know some important subtleties for each of the types of coatings.

Determination of the totality of loads on the roof as a whole and raftered separately

So, we determined that, in addition to other constructive factors, a whole set of loads act on the rapid roof system at the same time: the weight of the rafter system, the snow cap, the wind pressure. After you fold all the loads together, be sure to multiply them to the coefficient of 1.1. So you will calculate the unexpected favorable conditionsThat is, lay extra 10% percentage.

And now you only have to divide the total load on the planned number of rafters and see if each of them will cope with its task. If it seems that the design will be sickly - boldly add 1-2 rafters in the total, and you will be calm for your home.

You need to make a calculation for destruction, i.e. On the full load, which acts on the roof. All these loads are determined by technical characteristics Materials and SNIPM.

The standard roof construction is rafters, lattice runs, and each of these elements works only on the load that presses it precisely on it, and not on the overall roof as a whole. Those.

for each separate stage, its load is valid, the overall, but divided by the amount of rafter legs, and the change in the step of their location, you change the area of \u200b\u200bloading area on the rafter - reducing it, or increasing.

And, if you change the step of rafters, you are inconvenient, then work with the parameters of the cross section of the rafter legs, and the total load bearing capacity The roofs will increase at times:

With this calculation, try to achieve that the longest rafter was in your project for no more than six and a half meters, otherwise, splicing in length. Now explain more.

So, on the roofs with the slope slope up to 30 degrees, the so-called "flexible elements" rafter. Those. They work on bending, and they have certain requirements.

And the possibility of the deflection of the rafter is calculated by a special formula, and, if the result exceeds the norm, then the rafters are increased in height and again make a new calculation.

But on the roof with the bias of the warehouses more than 30 degrees, which rafters are already considered "flexible-compressed" elements. That is, they affect not only a uniformly distributed load, which causes the bending of rafters, but also efforts that are already acting along the axis of rafters. Simply speaking, here rafters not only bend a bit under the weight of the roof, but also squeezed from the skate to Mauerlat. In addition, a stretch must be checked and a bolt, which usually restrains two rafting legs.

As you can see, it will be cope with such calculations even far from the construction of a person. The main thing is to consider everything, to be attentive and ready to spend a little more time on the design, so that then all the work goes like oil!

In the construction of the house it is important that the roof frame and its rafter design were reliable. For this you need to know optimal dimensions The gap between the rafters. How to properly carry out calculations for a solid system of a two-tie roof, taking into account various roofing materials, our specialists will tell in this article.

How to correctly calculate the distance between the rafters (for a double roof)

Distance under various roofing materials

Experts advise: determining the step between rapid supports, consider the roofing material from which the roof of the two-tie roof will be created. Consider the most common roof coating options suitable for private houses.

1. Profile - For this roofing material, we need a digital indicator from 60 to 90 centimeters (with an increase in the step to at least a single meter, you will have to install additional transverse boards with a large cross section - 5 × 10 cm). At the same time, under the professional flooring it will be necessary to install the crate, which will ensure the possibility of fastening the mandatory vertical components - the chimney, the ventilation system.
2. Ceramic tile - the roof of such a material has a rather heavy weight, therefore the load on the rafter system will be higher than when coating the roof of the corrugated floor. Accordingly, the distance we expect, will be different: from 80 centimeters to 1 meter 30 centimeters. But in this embodiment, the steep slope is also taken into account (if the angle of inclination is 15 degrees, then the gap will be minimal - 80 cm, at 75 degrees - 130 cm).
3. Metal tile - this roofing material is lighter than the previous one and sold immediately in the sheet form, so the thickness of the component of the rafter system is reduced, and, therefore, the distance between the elements in it is reduced. For a rafter material with a cross section of 15 × 5 centimeters, the gap must be seamless from 60 centimeters to 95 centimeters. Such a distance will allow quality to warm the attic room (for this it is necessary to place the insulation material directly between the rafters). The feature of the installation of the rafter design under the metal tile is that the supports are installed on top of the ski run (usually their mounting is made on the ski bar from the side). But in this case, you should not forget about the ventilation holes near the upper roof.
4. Ondulin - this material is called "erectifier", and it is perfect for the roof of private residential buildings. For a rafter design for ONDULIN, rafters are used from a 5 × 20 centimeters boards, which provides some safety margin (and rapid runs are taken into account). The distance between such rapid boards is standard - from 60 to 90 centimeters, and a wooden beam for the crate should be a cross section of 4 × 5 cm, with an inter-axis step of 60 cm.
5. Slate is one of the most common roofing materials in our country, the rafters should be selected under it with a cross section of 5 × 10/5 × 150 centimeters. The distance between them will be slightly in a smaller range - 60-80 cm. Bakery from wooden bar It has its gap between the elements that directly depends on the corner of the roof slope angle: with a small slope - from 45 cm, with a larger - from 60 cm.

Thus, the total digital indicators to determine the distance between the rafters (depending on the roof material) will range in the following limits: a minimum is 60 cm, and maximum - 130 cm. If you yourself cannot decide on the choice of such a digital indicator, you should contact To qualified specialists for help.

Stropilin is one of the individual elements of the carrier structure of the roof, with which its slope is formed. In the design, the rafter is attached to its upper end to the skate, and the bottom rests on the Mauerlat, with a straight scap, or on the rack (with a broken roof). Strokeilins are made edged board section 150x60 mm or bar 150x100 mm. The distance between the rafters on which they are from each other after the installation is called a step that can be within 600 - 1200 mm.

Sling systems their types

Depending on the type of installation of the rafter legs, systems are divided into 3 types:

Why may depend on the installation step of the Stropilin

Step rafter on the roof depends on such factors, as:

Considering all these indicators when calculating, it is possible to obtain a solid and reliable rafter design, which will be a high-quality support for the roof.

It is the calculation, subject to the basics of regulatory loads, allows you to correctly select the distance between the rafalines. As a rule, regulatory quantities can be determined by coopers, and the calculated is derived based on them separately for each design.

In this case, it was customary for the pattern value to use the rafter legs with a cross section of 150x50 mm with the optimal distance between the rafters in the range of 0.8 - 1.8 m / p. But it should be remembered that when the inclination of the roof is changed, the distance between the rafylines changes.

Calculation of the rafter design

From the quality of the calculation of the selection of the trim legs and distances between them, the strength and stability of the entire roof directly depends. Regardless, what will be the type of coating selected: profiled sheet, slate or metal tile, the primary calculation should remain unchanged. After all, the basis of each calculation is structural strength in mechanical loads, and the remaining impacts are no longer important.

When calculating the choice of the optimal distance between the rafylines for the roof, parameters are taken as the basis:

1. View of the coating for the roof.
2. View of the rafter system and constructive features Roofs.
3. Feasibility and savings.

For a small area of \u200b\u200bthe house, the calculation of the roof design can be done by itself. True, the method of calculating the elements for the rafter system of the roof is quite difficult, and it is recommended to do with it using specially created programs. Especially if you need to calculate the complex loaven roof With a large area, most likely, without a specialist here will not do. At the same time, the calculation of the STROPILIN step will also be repelled from the standards - the minimum step is 0.6 m, the maximum - 1.2 m.

Method of calculation

Produced in this way.

- The length of the building is measured on the eaves.

- The resulting length is divided into the estimated distance between the rafalines. For example, the estimated step of Stropyl will be 0.8 m / n. (The average distance is considered to be 950 mm).

- After performing this action, the result should be added to the result, and roundate the resulting amount. Thus, the required amount of rafter on one side of the skate is obtained. After that, the length of the building should be divided into the number of rafted the resulting rafters, and as a result, the accurate axial step of Stropilin is determined.

Example- Building length 26.5 m / p. The distance between the rafter is supposed to be made 0.8 m. So:

- 26.5 M. ˸ 0.8 m \u003d 33.1 33.1 + 1 \u003d 34.1. As a result, after rounding it turns out that one skate need to install 34 rafyroids.

26.5 m / n ˸ 34 tbsp. \u003d 0.77 m - this value is the range of rafylines among them by their central axes.

But this is only a general calculation technique at which the feature of the planned roofing coating is not taken into account. Therefore, experts are encouraged to calculate the steps between the rafting under certain roofing material and the insulation, for example, for the most popular today, roofing metal tile.

Slim construction under metal tile

Metal tile. Visually imitates ceramic roofing tiles. It is made of thin sheet steel by cold stamping. Thanks polymer coatingIt has a high resistance to atmospheric influences and a rather attractive visual appearance, not afraid of sharp temperature changes.

Advantage of metal tileage

Often used in the construction of most attic roofs.

The cross section of strings from the tree under the roof from the metal tile is usually standard 150-50 mm, but the distance between them can be from 600 mm, but does not exceed 900 mm (depending on their angle of inclination, which can fluctuate in the range of 22-5 degrees). Such a restriction of Step Stropilin is due to the fact that the metal tank is mounted with a distance from each other in 300 mm. A standard timber that is used for the crate has a cross section of 30x50 mm or 50x50 mm. This means that each line is subjected to additional load.

Stability of roofing design Against different mechanical loads depends on four factors:

An important factor in the calculation of the rafter design, is the estimated maximum load on the roof, in the formation of which includes:

1. The weight of the entire rafter design.
2. Weight crate under the coating.
3. Weight of the insulation and roofing coating.
4. Snow load (determined by special, unique for each individual region, reference).
5. Wind load (also on a special directory for the region).
6. Human weight with a tool ( repair work, settlement weight - 175 kg. / m²).

When installing the rafter system, the distance of the rafter legs should not exceed the average value of 0.9 m / n. In addition to individual cases provided for in advance.

If any inaccuracy in the selection of the roof material and the location of the Stropilin will be allowed when calculating the loads its deformation and destruction of roofing. Reliable roof design will be guaranteed only with the correct calculation of the cross section of the Stropilin and their installation steps.

It should be remembered. Universal value calculation stropil structures does not exist. During the construction of each house, an individual calculation is required.

Rafyled for a single roof

Single roofs You can often meet on small household buildings. They can be used on private residential buildingsBut rather rarely. In such cases, the angle of inclination of the roof is quite small, and with this location of carrier beams of overlapping, they turn out to be very large pressure, especially in winter.

Therefore, for a single-piece roof, beams of overlapping beams from a large cross section of 60x150 to 100x220 mm are installed depending on which width is overlapped by the span. At the same time, the distance on which the rafters are stacked from each other must be within 400 - 800 mm depending on the angle of inclination of the roof.

For a single roof not required complex design rafalThey can simply be laid on the walls, not even using Maurylalat. In the regions where rather snow winters with a large number of snow, the slope of the roof is recommended to be erected at a maximum angle of 35 ⁰ and have a roof of the "wind". This reduces sailboat and leads to its self-cleaning.

Gable roof

Represents the structure mounted from the rafalle, interconnected in the form of a triangle. The upper part, which relies on the horse, and the lower on Mauerlands, located in parallel to each other on opposite walls. Simple wordsThis roof consisting of two opposite skates connected by a skate.

Raw roof designDepending on its area, mounted from individual rigid elements that enhance the strength of the roof. These include racks that support rafyled, tightening, which connect rafyled with each other, drives, runs, support beams, etc.

For duscal roof, Often rafylics are mounted taking into account the insulation in increments of 0.9 - 1.2 m / n. At the same time, the strength of the mounted design will be the highest, if the resulting triangle will be equally chaped. In the regions with strong winds, the rafyrs are recommended to be mounted with a slope of about 20 ⁰, and in the snow areas the optimal angle should be 45 ⁰.

Although the row roof is considered classic, it has several alternative "related" species.

Athenium roof

For dersighted roof For the calculated parameter to determine the step between the rafalines and their number, the load is taken within 40-60 kg per each 1 m / n. Stropilins, and maximum deflection from its length - 1/250. Typically, with a properly selected section, it is the distance along the centers of Stropilin, is, as well as for a bone roof - 0.6 - 1.2 m / p.

It should be noted that the average plan for the attic approximately is 200 kg / m2. So, with the standard calculation of the cross section of the Stropilin, it is recommended to add a small percentage of safety reserve.

Walm roof

Among all the rafter structures, one of the most complex . It's almost a four-tie roofAt the same time, the rafyroids of the end rods are attached to the upper ends to the angular growths, and not on the horse. Therefore, this type of roofs, these requirements may be presented during construction. At the same time, the rafters are installed in analogous to the double roof at a distance of 60 cm - 1.2 m / n.

Dersighted rooms under such a roof are made in rare cases, since its slots "eat" some square attic room, especially in height.

The rapid design is a fundamental element of the pitched roof. Incorrectly calculated distance between rafters, incorrect loading of the load on the erected beam system, their improper installation is likely to lead to deformation and collapse. The stability of the rafter system depends:

1. from the strength below, to the skate at the top;
2. validity of the drawing of support for rafters, taking into account the length of the span;
3. wood quality;
4. step rafal.

Obviously, the main condition for the reliability of the roof design is a competently calculated distance between the rafters. How to define this value for a single, double, walm roofYou can figure it out.

What are the calculations of the length of the flight

The competent calculation of the structure, at which the step of all the rafter feet is calculated by the same principle for any type of roof, is based on such indicators:

1. type of roofing material (metal tile, slate, other);
2. distance (span) between nearby supports;
3. the corner under which the legs of the rafter are attached.

• weight rafters;
• weight of the insulation;
• roof weight;
• weight of the crate;
• snow;
• wind;

the weights of man or people who will subsequently repair, maintain the roof itself and objects on it.

Snow and wind - the quantities for each region are different, searching these indicators is needed in the reference information of the specific locality, the region.

How to calculate rafalial intervals

The exact distance between the rapid legs is calculated using complex mathematical formulas, the conversion, however, many craftsmen cope with this task in their own way. After the maximum load is calculated, such actions should be made:

• measure the roof length;
• the resulting result is to share the roof frame or an approximate step for the installation of the rafter, (the step of rafters is the distance from one to another leg of the rafter system, usually a standard value is taken approximately selected);
• add to the result obtained unit, rounded the resulting value;

After that, the length of the roofing slide should be divided into the resulting value (the number of rafting farms) - it turns out the desired step of the rafter.

Example of calculation. Skat has a length of 27m, the selected step is 0.8m.

27:0,8=33,75
33,75+1= 34,75
round \u003d 35, the figure 35 means that you need to put 35 rafters.

We determine the distance between the rafters: 27: 35 \u003d 0.8. That is, the foot is installed one from another at a distance of 80 cm.

The generally accepted standard is the value of 1 meter, it is also optimal to be a step at eighty, seventy, ninety, see. Obviously, the procedure for calculating cannot be called accurate, because it is not taken into account the type of roofing material.

Intervals, between rafters used for different types of roofing materials

Carrying out the calculation of the foot step of the rafter, it is necessary to take into account the characteristics and dimensions of the roofing material. These types of roof can be considered the most popular:

• professional flooring;
• ceramic tile;
• metal tile;
• ondulin;
• slate.

These types of roofs are used for mounting roofs of residential buildings, baths, household buildings. For each type of roofing and shape of the roof, single-table, double or other, a certain gap between the rafters is used.

Professor

Professional dusty Durable material made of galvanized sheet formed in a specific profile. The material is lightweight, durable. When using it, the calculation distance between the nearby rafters is 60-90 centimeters. A larger distance is possible only if there is a fastening raftered the board of a large cross section. The neckenet for the professional flooring is made from the thirty board, mounted after 50 cm from each other if the angle of the roof is 15 °, the professionalist is laid on the crate, eliminated without intervals.

The step of rafters under the professional flooring does not depend on its brand. So, C44 The worst material is attached to the crate with a span of 30 cm, but the step of the rafter does not change.

Ceramocherepitsa

The calculation of the step of rafting beams under the ceramicperpits, the material of the big weight, expensive, is somewhat different from others. For the material, the weight, which is large, use only dried durable beams with a cross section of 50x150, 60x180 cm. The optimal, taken for the distance standards between the rafters range from 80 to 120 cm. The choice of interval depends on the slope and the type of roof. Calculation must be made taking into account the length of the rafting beam. For the longest rafters, the minimum step is required and on the contrary, the small length of the rafter allows you to use the maximum width step.

Metal tile.

Metal tile can be bolded to call the leader among all roofing materials. It is used for complex, holmic, plumbing, tent, single-sided roofs. Mounting it is much simpler ceramic tile. Metal cleaning can be put on an old roof, replace ceramicperpitsa, slate using at the same time old Step. Metal tile lead less than 10 times, therefore, the beams of smaller cross-section 50x150 are used, the step between the rafters is from 60-90 cm, standard values. It is especially convenient to insulate such a roof by including the width of a roll or sheet insulation.

Ondulin

This kind of soft roof is becoming increasingly popular, lightweight, easy to install, durable and durable. Ondulin sheets are attached to the fruit of the 40x50 clamp from the board coniferous rocks Trees (step 60 cm).

The step of the rafter legs from 60 to 90 cm. The beams are needed by section 50x150 or 50x200.

Slate

Slate is widely used to cover household buildings, baths, houses, garages. Therefore, many must be the distance between the rafters when using this roofing material know many. The use of precisely this material has created a steps system of 5 60-80, clamps 50x50. The crate makes 50x50 bars or the thirtieth board depending on the skate. For a canopy of a single-table roof, a 45 cm shaft step is used, for a double - 65 cm.

How to distinguish the steps rafted double and single-sided roofs

Each type of roof has its strength. From what margin of strength should be put on the installation of one or another type of roof depends on the step of the rafting beams.

Single constructions of roofs that are characteristic of simple build-up buildings are made from BRUSIEV, fortified on the walls. The distance between the roof rafters is directly dependent on their length. It is also important to take into account the cross section of the used bar based on the fact that the longer the gap, the greater the load.

The duplex system to which the forceny, tent, hip and other structures are always mounted with thermal insulation. The standard step for such roofs is 1-1.2 meters. In each particular case, the calculation is made taking into account how the weights of the roofing material and other things have already been said, SNiP 2.01.85 is taken as the basis, which examines all types of loads and impacts. Step is calculated by conventional schemeshown above. Be sure to take into account the angle of inclination. An angle of 45 ° allows the use of all types of roof. With the same skeuses of the roof, calculate the step of one side.

Adhere to the following advice:

• If a decision is made about independent arrangement Roofs Check out the correctness of their calculations from specialists or at worst, use the services online calculatorb construction companies.
• Determining the step of the rafter, remember the thermal insulation, any rolled or leaf insulation is compressed with time. Remember the ventilation openings, waterproofing.
• If the inclination of the roof is 45 ° and more, the weight of a person from the amount of maximum load is subtracted, which allows to use less rafters (by 20%).
• Decide which type: Current or will be required for the selected roof geometry.
• Do not hurry with the choice of timber, it should be dry (residual humidity no more than 20%) made of coniferous wood.

The construction of the roof of the structure is an important stage in the construction of the house, while it is necessary to calculate the step of the rafter as accurately as possible, since it is precisely that the reliability and service life of the roof will depend on this.

If the master does not pay attention to the calculations and set the rafter, focusing only on his own eye, then the frame will be either too heavy, moreover, expensive or fragile.

General rules for calculation

A step of the rafter is called the distance from one to another rafting leg. It is believed that such a distance is set in the range from 60 cm to 100 - 120 cm (aligned with the optimal width, it is necessary to take into account the size of waterproofing materials and insulation).

The exact setting step of the rafter for a bone roof can be calculated according to the following scheme:

• we measure the length of the skate on the roof eaves;
• we divide the data of the measurement to a certain step (determined step 1 m - divide by 1, if step 0.8 m - divide by 0.8, etc.);
• to the resulting number add 1;
• the result is rounded (in the direction of increasing) - we see the number of rafters to install on one slope of the liquid roof;
• the length of the skate is divided on the resulting number and get an accurate step between the rafters.

For example, the length of the roof skate is 30.5 meters, given the width of the heaters and waterproofing rolls, the size of 1 meter is selected.

30.5 m / 1 m \u003d 30.5 + 1 \u003d 31.5. Rounding in a large direction gives the result 32. The frame for the roof rope will take 32 rafters.

30.5 m / 32 pcs. \u003d 0.95 cm - the distance (step) between the rafted centers.

However, this formula does not take into account the nuances of certain roofing materials, so later in the article will be considered how to make the calculation of the right step of the rafted under the most popular coverage.

Especially it is necessary to highlight the system of rafters when the hip roof is erected (envelope). The design of such a roof is starting to construct precisely from the holm feet, which then cut the rest of the rafters.

Walma having a length of above 6 m is often amplified by crosslinking it from two elements. Otherwise, the installation and calculation of the step of the rafter for the holm roof is similar to the installation and calculation of the bounce.

System rafted under ceramic and metal tile

The use of metal tile in the construction of private sector houses is the most common phenomenon, which contributes to a number of its positive qualities.

First, it is a small weight of the coating, which makes it easier to install and helps reduce the loads on the supporting structures.

Secondly, metal tile sheets can quickly close the large roof areas, which is very convenient, especially if you choose a two-screw option.

The step of rafted under metal tile is set in the range from 60 to 95 cm, since a relatively small weight of the roof does not require increased resistance. Because of the low weight, the coating can be reduced and the thickness of the rafter.

As for the thickness of the heat-insulating material used for the insulation of the roofs of metal tiles, the specialists believe that the device under it is for greater confidence in reliability can be used thermal insulation 20 cm, in other cases, 15 cm.

A feature of the roofs covered with metal tile is the possibility of condensate.

You can avoid this by organizing when installing rafted ventilation: For this, at a short distance from the top in the rafters, you need to drill several holes (about 10 mm in diameter).

As for the installation of a frame of rafters under such a coating, as a natural (ceramic) tile, it is necessary to remember its high weight.

Compared to other modern tile materials harder at 10 or more times. Given this feature, experts recommend using an extremely dry wood under it, in order to avoid sagging after drying.

For rafters in this case, it is necessary to use a bar with a cross section of 50 - 60 mm * 150 - 180 mm; The width of the step of the rafter feet is set in the range of 80 - 130 cm, with the more degree of the lip of the roof, the greater the distance between the axes of the rafter.

The step of rafters is dependent and on their length: the largest length will require the smallest distance, and vice versa. Otherwise, the roof frame will lose the necessary stability.

Considering the size of the tile (as a rule, its length does not exceed 40 cm), it is necessary to correctly calculate the width of the shade of the crate, stroke.

From the length of the skate, you need to take away the length of the lower row and the number of centimeters between the crate and the last bar.

Frame for Ondulin, Profile and soft roof

Relatively new in the materials market are such types of roofs as professional flooring and Ondulin. At the same time, they are successfully used both when equipped with a duplex and a hip roof.

The weight of these materials is almost equal to the weight of the metal tile, so the calculation of the width of the step will be similar to the calculation when placing metal sheets. The step of rafters under the professional flooring is determined from the range of 60 - 90 cm, under the ondulin - 60 - 100 cm.

A sufficient thickness of the rafter when coating the roof ondulin and a professional flooring - 50 * 200 mm.

If you need to increase the distance between the rafted centers, then you can increase the strength of the transverse crate.

The rule of the installation of the crate under the professional flooring is similar to the installation of the crate under the metal tile: the last board must be taken more wider than the rest (as a rule, by 15 cm thicker).

An ONDULIN clamp must be made solid to increase material resistance to various weather conditions.

Speaking about the device of the rafter system under the soft roof, it is worth remembering the types of such material presented in the markets: this is a rolled type of roofing and bituminous tile.

The name itself suggests that for a soft roof, a very strong base is necessary, which will allow to withstand heavy snow cover, impulses of wind and heavy rains.

The main requirements for the frames of the roofs under the soft roof - they must be durable and smooth.

Strength should be calculated on the thickness of the snow characteristic of the region in which the structure is erected, and on the average weight of an adult man to have the ability to troubleshoot.

A smooth roof should be for the reason to exclude the possibility of sagging under the influence of the above-mentioned weather phenomena.

Between the axes, rafters for the roof frame with a soft roof should be small, no more than 50 cm.

If the step is still greater, it will be necessary to make a draft crate to which the main, solid one will be mounted.

The counterclaim will help the soft roof. Do not ferment and increase its service life. For a solid crate, 30 mm or oSB Plate 20 mm.

If a soft roof It is provided as a coating for a holm roof with an organization of an attic space, it is necessary to think about its insulation, having thought over the heater for laying the insulation, hydro and vaporizolation.

These are all the subtleties of the roof skeleton device under a soft roof.

Slinged for slate roof

Despite the wealth and diversity modern materialsOld-good slate remains quite popular. Not always applying expensive roofing It is justified, and precisely then asbestos-cement sheet comes to the rescue.

Slate weight is quite impressive, while its laying does not require some kind of grand crate. All because such a roof itself is strong enough.

For the construction of a roofing frame in this case, rafters are required with a cross section of 150 * 40 mm and a ram with a cross section of 35 * 35 mm for the crate.

Timber for the construction of a frame is to stack and withstand some time to give the same level of humidity.

After the drying process is completed, it is necessary to determine the bend. Stropile legs Recommended to install a concave part (tray) up - so water in case of hitting the rafter rolled down, bypassing the attic space.

Before installing the installation, the bars check for the content of bitch and rejected, because the bitch material may not withstand the severity of the roof.

The rafter fasteners in this case produce nails, the optimal length of which is 15 - 20 cm.

Nails must flash the timber throat, but the peeking ends should never bend, because the mobility of the structure is required.

When drying and deforming a tree, this technique will allow preventing slate sheet cracking.

The cutter for the device of the slate roof can be solid or sparse. Solid make from a sheet of OSB or plywood and more often used with a flat slate flooring.

Sparse is characteristic of laying on it wave slate. For sheet SO standard size 1.75 m Stag of the crate is about 80 cm. Making a crucible more frequent makes no sense, since slate has a sufficient margin of safety.

After analyzing the materials of the article, it is possible to independently engage in the construction of a row and holm roof frame, determining their features and properties of the roofing materials.

It will not be superfluous to recall that the calculation of the rafter step is a very responsible occupation, and it is necessary to approach its markup responsibly, because it will avoid mistakes and accelerates the work in the future.