Different types of lumber: scope of their use. Types of lumber and their use Other types and application of sawn timber

Wood has long been known to humanity as one of the best building materials. Its characteristics allow it to apply it in many areas. national economy. This material is reliable, durable, endowed with aesthetic qualities. Also, wood is famous for its environmental cleanliness. Therefore, the area of \u200b\u200bits use is very wide. Create from wood various lumberWhat is their purpose, should be considered more. A variety of types of such products makes it possible to apply them on a variety of objects.

general characteristics

To date, there is a huge number of different types of sawn timber. They are obtained by sawing produced along the fibers. Proper processing requires all lumber. GOST 8486-86 and 2695-83 are essential in the manufacture of such products. However, this industry regulates many other standards. Their execution is prerequisite In the process of creating high-quality products.

In addition to its positive qualities, wood is known and its shortcomings. It is subject to different destruction, rotting, insect vital processes and microorganisms. Also, this material may be deformed under the influence of conditions. ambient. To avoid all these troubles, it takes proper processing. To understand what lumber is, it is necessary to familiarize themselves with the conditions for their preparation for processing.

Breed used

Special properties have each great importance. Applied both coniferous and deciduous varieties. Their cost depends on the characteristics inherent material.

Pine is considered one of the inexpensive in this material contains a large number of resin. Therefore, it is not used at elevated ambient temperatures. Also, the strength characteristics of pine are quite low.

Larch has good resistant to the influence of fungus, microorganisms and insects. She is not afraid of moisture. It is actively used in almost all areas of construction.

A beautiful texture is famous for oak. He is very durable, which makes it in demand during construction and finishing. Ash is resistant to mechanical stress due to its elasticity. Such a breed of wood, like birch, is characterized by ease of processing. Therefore, various elements are made of it even at home.

The properties of each variety of material are necessarily taken into account when processing.

Degree of processing

Before cutting wood is subjected to additional preparation. It is dried to a certain level. The area of \u200b\u200bits application depends on it. If the moisture content of wood after processing does not exceed 10%, it is a dry lumber. From it there are parquet, shields, etc.

The versatile material is dried to 11-15% wood. It makes floorboards, platbands, plinths, etc., and so on. If the material is characterized by a level of humidity of 18%, it is used for outdoor decoration, arrangement rafter system etc.

The drying process is performed in vivo or in the chamber at elevated temperatures. Each of these processes requires the correct execution of each operation.

Method of processing

There are two main ways to cut the logs. It can be radial or tangential. In the first case, the incision passes towards the center of the annual rings. The bars are obtained different size. The width of them is limited to the diameter of the tree itself.

Tangential incision is aimed at tangentially about annual rings. This allows you to obtain a variety of fragments of the identical form of sections and size.

All deciduous and coniferous lumber are separated by unedged, planed or edged. In the first case, there are untreated zones on the product, which are only freed from the bark and bitch.

The edged materials have slept parallel to each other. This is a rectangular form of products. Planed products at least from one surface do not have roughness. They are obstructed.

Type of sawing

In the form that the product acquires after processing, there are several types of sawn timber. The scuba area depends on their dimensions. Features of form possess lumber coniferous rocksand hardwood wood.

The first in the classification presented is a timber. Its thickness exceeds 100 mm. This is one of the most sought-after sawn timber. Boards, on the contrary, are limited in thickness. This characteristic does not exceed 100 mm.

Bar has a thickness not higher than 100 mm. But for this product is another parameter. Its width should be less than double thickness.

Obapol has a drink only on the one hand. The width can be different. Also recently, such a type of sawn timber as a porch began to apply in decorative purposes. This is an intermediate option between the Obapol and the board. It has only one smooth plane. On the other hand, its surface is raw and has the right semicircular shape. Also, various types of saws include cladding, block house, plaquen and lags.

A varieties of sawing sawn timber

Studying what lumber is, it is impossible not to pay attention to the appointment of each variety. The timber can be glued, ordinary, window or imitated. There are relatives related to this type. Their section is equal to at least 120 x 120 mm. They have cut into a thin end. It is no less than 1/3 of the side of the bar.

The board is sexual, deck, terrace. For each application area, it is processed accordingly.

Bar can be ordinary or planed. The remaining sawn timber differ in dimensions, form. The area of \u200b\u200btheir use can be different. They are used both inside and outside the premises.

It should also be noted that the length of the cutting of wood should not exceed 5 m for hardwood, and for conifers - 6.5 m. The scope of application in construction business depends on their dimensions and features.

Application of coniferous lumber

Coniferous wood, as a rule, is characterized by soft and ease. But there are also pretty durable, severe representatives of this group (for example, TIS). This material has resin strokes and a rather large number of bitch. It is cheaper

Softwood sawn timber is used in carpentry, as well as construction. But most often these materials are suitable for finishing dry premises with ordinary temperature regime. For external work, such wood is treated with special impregnations.

Applying hardwood

Most often, deciduous lumber possess high hardness. They are denser, harder than coniferous varieties. Such materials are less susceptible to adverse environmental impacts. Therefore, the cost of them is quite high.

Lumber from hardwood trees are used to create rafters, staircase marches Inside the private house, plating walls and partitions in the rooms, as well as for ceilings.

Lipa, poplar or birch is not used for the manufacture of supporting structures or pine floors. They are soft and lungs.

After reading the concept that such lumber, which there are their types, can be focused in the appointment of products. To date, there are a huge amount.

Timber Types and appointments, as well as raw materials for production, varieties of lumber, varieties and derivatives of wood.

Lumber is the material obtained by longitudinal sawing logs, followed by longitudinal and transverse (if necessary) dividing the parts obtained. Ultimately, the products of a certain shape and sizes, which has a minimum of two (facial and back) parallel sides. This species Materials are produced in special enterprises equipped with tape sawing, round and other equipment.

Raw materials for production

As primary raw materials for the manufacture of sawn timber, pre-purified from the branches and bark of the trunks of almost any trees are used. Wood coniferous breeds is usually used to build supporting structures. Large rocks are most often used for all sorts of finishing work. It is worth noting that the waste obtained during the production of sawn goods is used both in industry and in everyday life.

The most affordable wood for the production of sawn timber is considered to be poplar and birch. It is often enough for these purposes to use pine woods, ate, linden, larch, ash and maple. Essential for industry has wood, oak, cedar.

The ease of birch does not make wood less durable, and beautiful structure and affordable price gave it even more popularity. The larch is considered very moisture-resistant, resistant to the effects of fungus and mold. Wood ash can boast good elasticity and impact resistance.

The beech is indispensable for the manufacture of floors, stairs and furniture. Incredibly durable and unusually beautiful oak wood, despite a fairly high price, is very popular. Pine contains a large number of resins, so the most prone to rapid fire. Although the wood ate is less durable, it is quite flexible and soft, so it is easy to handle.

Varieties of sawn timber

The characteristic of finished lumber depends on the wood breed, the equipment used, compliance with the production technology and drying, as well as the method of cutting. It is the last factor that affects the texture of the board.

The sawing of wood is carried out in several ways that differ in the direction of sawing:

transverse (across the fibers);
rustic (under an acute angle to fibers);
radial (radius to the log center);
tangengenial (by tangent).

The transverse sawing is used for the production of art parquet, the rustic method is used to make sexual coating. Lumber, obtained by a radial cutting method, have a very attractive appearanceDifferent with durability, stability to deformities and external influences. Tangential cutting forms a beautiful pattern in the form of interesting arches and rings on the surface of the board.

However, on the surface of some boards, detachment can be formed over time. The most sought-after and expensive are radial lumber, since their surface has a homogeneous texture, unchanged dimensions, good mechanical characteristics, degree of sleep.

Drying sawn timber is carried out as on open airand with the help of special cameras, which are tightly closed rooms. The first type of product contains up to 20% of moisture, the second one is supplied to additional processing protective means, and the moisture content is up to 14%. Slices of sawn timber can be terched (cropped along the entire length) and unordorted.

Depending on the degree of treatment, lumber are:

unedged (although there are no knocks, there are untreated logs);
the edged (the material profile has a rectangular form due to the spilling of the defective side parts of the log);
planed (there is no roughness of one or several faces).

Classification

Form, size and mechanical characteristics are determined by dividing lumber into several types.

Bar. - It is a log that is hanging from all sides used in the construction of houses, as well as for the manufacture of individual large elements of windows, stairs and others. Brous thickness is 100 mm.

Brucki - This "miniature ram", less than 100 mm thick, are untreated, planed (at least one side is processed) and calibrated (fitted under a certain size). Scope of application - furniture production, manufacture of crates, flooring, frames, arbors and other objects.

Boards Made from logs or bars. They are unedged, edged (having a smooth edge) and edged only on the one hand. In addition, the boards are calibrated, that is, they have specified dimensions.

Shpala - Material with high strength and minimal sensitivity to temperature fluctuations.

Gorn - These are boards obtained by sawing the logs having a smooth and semicircular surface.

Lagging - sawn timber produced from a side part of a log, which has only one flat side.

Advantages and disadvantages

Man at all times was surrounded by objects and wood products. This material was used to build houses and churches, baths and all kinds of economic buildings. Man surrounded wooden windows, doors, tables, chairs and other furniture. It did not lose the wood of their popularity and now. On the contrary, thanks positive qualities wood, construction and decoration Materials From wood become even more sought after.

Pluses of sawn timber:

possess high carrier ability with relatively low weight;
despite sufficient strength, the material is distinguished by the simplicity and ease of processing (comprehensible to drilling, it is easy to saw, allows you to produce figures various shapes and difficulties);
ease and speed of installation;
thanks to natural origin and environmental friendliness, the material is considered completely safe for human health and the environment, it does not cause allergies;
processing does not require expensive and long-term work;
external appeal;
a pleasant smell of wood creates a favorable microclimate indoor;
variety of forms and size of products;
affordable price.

Minuses:

the ability to quickly inflammation, supporting combustion;
are destroyed under the influence of fungus, mold, various insects;
the prolonged exposure to water and the wet environment often causes the process of rotting wood.

To secure lumber, make them more wear-resistant and durable, conduct treatment with special protective substances that can significantly reduce the above flaws.

Lumber varieties

The division on the varieties is carried out by estimating the state of the worst side of the plastic, edges, as well as the section.

Selecting lumber should not have on the surface of rot, mold, cancer and mushroom spots, piglets and other foreign onowners, as well as cracks from drying. The permissibility of intoxicated healthy bitch is two per meter of length, shallow edge and plastic cracks - 16%, deep - no more than 10%. The sphere of product use is predominantly shipping and automatic logging.

The scope of lumber of the first grade is the wood manufacturing industry. This variety of materials should not have dry-hazing bitch, healthy bitch with a size of over 1 cm, through and cracks with a size of more than 1 cm, overgrown with wounds of wounds on wood, young active layers of wood, mold, mechanical damage, various foreign inclusions, drumsiness.

The scope of materials of the fourth grade is the construction of households, economic structures, arbors, making boxes, lesders, pallets and construction formwork.

Derived wood

Wonderful material for the construction of the house is rounded log. Thanks to a competently thought-out system of locks, a completely even rounded form of material, quite strong and reliable buildings are obtained. This material today is considered the most expensive, and the buildings made of the rounded log require additional finishes.

No less popular material is profiled bar. There are two ways to produce: milling and planing. During the construction of houses, elements are connected very firmly, providing a high degree of reliability of construction. In addition, such buildings do not require powerful foundations. The facilities made of this lumber do not need additional finishing work.

Glued bar They produce from solid boards or individual pieces. The material consists of lamellae, firmly bonded. It is distinguished by strength, durability and resistance to external influences.

Plywood - This is a material consisting of several thinned wood layers, tightly glued together. Thanks to the strength and good flexibility, this material is in demand in the production of furniture, elements of decor and many other products.

DVP obtained by pressing wood waste with very high temperaturesah with the addition of a special binder. Sufficient solid wood fibrous plates are called organitis. The sides of such sheets can be either smooth or one of them corrugated, the second is smooth.

Chipboard - This is a combination of small wood particles and synthetic resins. The MDF is made of woodworking waste from all sorts of impurities. In the manufacture of such a type of slabs, adhesives do not use. In this case, the binding element is a lignin, released from wood under the influence of high temperatures. Scope of such lumber - construction and furniture industry.

Block house It is a material obtained from the rounded log by sawing on the principle of "square in a circle". Due to good noise and thermal insulation, strength and attractiveness, this lumber is highly appreciated in the external finish of the houses.

Lining - sawn timber used for all sorts of finishing works. Although the material has a small thickness, it is very durable, resistant to deformations, the appearance of cracks and cracks. The external attractiveness of the lining, simplicity and ease of installation gave it even more popularity.

Lumber is a unique product of wood processing, without which it is not necessary to do in construction, furniture and other types of industries.

1. The company "Sandovskaya MTS" produces forest harvesting with subsequent removal, followed by a complex of forestry, reforestation and timber work. The main activity is the sawing and planing of wood. Timber materials of different sections and varieties are manufactured. I'll show you this process.

2. The forest is harvested on a rented area of \u200b\u200b26571 hectares rented at 49 years. And for processing, the forest is delivered to the enterprise in the form of raw logs on such forest coats.

3. Unloading and warehousing are projected directly in the workshop, where wood is processed.

4. The large sawing machine is laid in a log. From four sides it is cut off, the so-called porch. The horn is a side part of a log, having one propylene, and the other is not a superable surface. Mountains willingly buying local residents on firewood for heating, as the Sandov district is not gasified. Shame, of course, but at least someone "dreams come true" :).

5. After these manipulations, a bar is obtained, which can be bought on the boards or a smaller bar.

6. As a rule, a timber and boards are made from the logs, depending on the diameter of the barrel.

7. Enterprise is small, the number of workers is about 50 people.

8. The log feed mechanism.

9. Fixtures for log fixation on the machine.

10. And this, in fact, the main part of the machine is circular saw.

11. Eh, I would not want to get under the teeth of this monster.

12. Work is heavy, but women work at the enterprise.

13. Easy operations perform even veterans of production.

14. The territory of the Sadovsky MTS is huge and for storing place of place is enough.

15. For the winter, all these mountains will go to heating.

16. The Sandovskaya MTS does not only harm the forest, but also conducts forest-based work on the rented forest area.

16. I want to show some more photos of the territory of the enterprise. It includes interesting artifacts.

17. In Moscow, such a fire truck is no longer found, and here this rarity carries its service.

18. This I myself do not know what. Most likely left from MTS.

19. After inspection of the territory, CEO Igor Karpukhin treated us buns with meat, which we werehed up with mors from local cranberries. I remember such patties from childhood :).

20. That's all, it's time! Take care of the forest.

Probably, all of us, something, did it from the bar and boards, but how the saws are going on there few people saw. I recently visited the woodworking shop in the village of Sandovo, Tver region. I will not say that the company is very large, the same, probably, is in all other regions of our country. Production was based on the base of Sandovsky MTS. There was nothing to do with the operator of a cellular communication and does not have and does not have, since in Soviet times the MTS has been decrypted a little differently, namely, a machine-tractor station. The company "Sandovskaya MTS" produces forest harvesting with subsequent removal, then a complex of forestry, reforestation and refractory works is performed. The main activity is the sawing and planing of wood. Timber materials of different sections and varieties are manufactured. I'll show you this process.
The forest is harvested on a residential area of \u200b\u200b26571 hectares rented on 49 years. And for processing, the forest is delivered to the enterprise in the form of raw logs on such forest coats.
Unloading and warehousing are projected directly in the workshop, where wood is processed.
On the large sawing machine stacked log. From four sides it is cut off, the so-called porch. The horn is a side part of a log, having one propylene, and the other is not a superable surface. Mountains are willing to be purchased by local residents for heating, as the Sandovsky district is not gasified. Shame, of course, but at least someone "dreams come true" :).
After these manipulations, a bar is obtained, which can be pouring on the boards or a smaller bar.
As a rule, a bar and boards are made from the logs, depending on the diameter of the barrel.
The company is small, the number of workers is about 50 people.
Log feed mechanism.
Fixtures for log fixing on the machine.
And this, in fact, the bulk of the machine is circular saw.
Eh, I would not want to get under the teeth of this monster.
Work is heavy, but women work at the enterprise.
Easy operations perform even veterans of production.
The territory of the Sadovsky MTS is huge and for storing place of place is enough.
For the winter, all these mountains of wood will go to heating.
"Sandovskaya MTS" not only harves the forest, but also conducts forest-based work on the rented forest area.
I want to show some more photos of the territory of the enterprise. It includes interesting artifacts.
In Moscow, such a fire truck is no longer found, but here this rarity carries its service.
I myself do not know what. Most likely left from MTS.
After inspection of the territory, CEO Igor Karpukhin treated us buns with meat, which we werehed up with a moss from local cranberries. I remember such patties from childhood

For execution construction work Different complexity is quite often claimed by lumber. However, this market is widely developed today and represents a wide range of products that will be suitable even for the most complex types of work. Brux and boards made from different wood species as it can not be possible if you wanted to build a house or a gazebo. In this article we will tell you about the main types of sawn timber and their performance.

Board

Most often, this material has a length of about 200 mm and a thickness of 100 mm. It is used in a wide variety of spheres, including the furniture and containers for goods and drinks. Interestingly, this sawn timber has many varieties depending on the scope of its use. So the boards are isolated, oak, beech, edged and planed. As is clear from the name, the floorboards are used to put the floor in country house. Interestingly, for better bonding on their sides there are special grooves that guarantee better bonding. Such boards are very durable and durable.

Planed boards are very smooth, so they are often purchased for the production of luxury furniture and windows. The edged board is used for finishing work in the house. They are most often made of larch or coniferous species of trees. More than them make cabinet furniture of the average price range.

The bookboard is made of valuable wood species. It is distinguished by its beauty and durability, so there are often tables and other furniture from them. The same fate has suffered oak boards. In contrast, they are still purchased to make finishing and roofing work.

Bar.

If you do not use difficult to understand the terms, then the bar, it is a log, which was cut from four sides. Most often, he is purchased by builders for the press
oki country houses. It is perfectly suitable for both the main supports of the building, and is involved in the process of filling the foundation. Sometimes the boards are made from BRUSEV. We will add that they often use them guided by the production technology used at the construction site, and also takes into account its compliance with the glued subtype. For example, glued bar will serve much more than the usual one. It is made by gluing against the direction of fibers. It is not surprising that such material is more stable and, accordingly, more expensive. An ordinary bar does not have such a durability.

Gorn

So called waste, which remained after processing one log. However, they are also sold and can be used with benefit. Basically share them two types: business and wood. The first option is used in construction work to make a black floor option, which will later be strengthened and blocked with more elite and attractive materials. The second type of wood is used as fuel to incite the furnace. Interestingly, these types of wood, for some reason, are often confused with boards. But as you already understood, their differences are stripped. There is still such subspecies of the hill like Obapol, it makes it from the side parts of the logs and use in roofing workAnd also make formworks.

Bar

Bruks make from boards, sawing them along. Then the bars are processed by special technique. Everyone is divided for the type this material: these are planed and calibrated bars. The latter is widely applicable in finishing works and construction, and the first goes to the manufacture of different types of furniture. Nevertheless, the use of bars does not end. They are widely applicable to the manufacture of containers, as well as different types of supporting structures.

Other types and application of sawn timber

As we have noted earlier, thanks to high-quality equipment we produce different kinds Lumber. This article indicates the main and most sought-after from them. However, on them the entire list of products from this sphere does not end. Remember that before ordering any materials well think about the type of your work. Then you can choose the material in accordance with all the parameters.

In addition to these sawn timber, we produce lining, fane, block houses, timber imitation and many other lumber, which will be appropriate during construction and finishing works in a country house.

Taking advantage of plywood or clapboard, you can "sew" the walls of the arbor, which is erected on his garden plot Or apply it to the repair of the apartment.

It all depends solely on the type of construction work that you started, as well as the level of its complexity. Purchased on our site lumber can be an excellent component of your repair or the construction of a whole country houseWhere are you planning to come with your family every weekend. All presented wood is checked and safe for health.

Interesting video about receiving sawn timber: