Why ticks do not bite local residents. Why bite a tick and why does it cause it? Why ticks attack people and drink blood and how dangerous to human health

Man or animal. The tick is dug into the body and for several days it feeds on the blood of the selected victim. In addition to bite, a big problem is the likelihood of infection of hazardous diseases.

In the forest or in the country can bite various insects, one of them can be a contagious tick. How to understand what the tick was bitten? This can be determined by type of bite. Quite often it starts to hide. In addition, the abdomen of the insect blood absorbing in size. It can be detected by feeling the bite place.

It is important after each visit to the potentially dangerous to the attack of insects of the site to inspect and feel their body from the head to the legs. Otherwise, how can I find out that, because his bite is completely painless due to the selection of insects at the time of the bite of substances with painkillers.

First of all, you need to identify the insect detected on the body. How to understand - tick it or not? Perhaps his appearance has nothing to do with the blood sucking insect.

How to understand that you have a tick that can infect encephalitis? Encephalite or otherwise ixodic ticks need to be able to determine. Their Taurus does not exceed a 4-millimeter size. It looks like an oval bag to which trumps and paws are attached. The insect brain is located in the central part of the body. Hungry tick is distinguished by a flat shape. The protective chitinose skeleton can be of different shade. There are light yellow mites and dark brown.

At 4 pairs of legs there are suckers. Their presence allows you to move not only horizontal and inclined, but also by vertical surfaces. On the legs there are tools for fastening the victim's body. They are in the form of microscopic size of spikes and teeth.

The chitinic spinal shield in females closes the small part, only 1/3 of the back. Samtsov all. Such a structure allows you to increase the elasticity of the female taurus and contributes to its increase in size 15 times. Drinking the female becomes a dark gray shade. Dangerous encephalitis carriers are mainly similar in size and form of taiga and dog ticks. Taiga has a typical bright abdomen. The abdominal part of the dog gray of different shades.

For those whom the tick was bitten, the type of insect is not very important, it is important, it is or not with a carrier of encephalitis. You can only find out by checking blood in laboratory conditions. However, sometimes symptoms of the disease are manifested by the following signs:

the manifestation of bubbles at the bite, accompanied by redness;
permanent chills and an increase in the temperature of busting to a 40-degree value;
skin rash;
the presence of general weakness, loss in joints and headaches;
photophobia;
loss for a short time consciousness;
target disorder, accompanied by nausea and vomiting;
increase the size of the liver and (or) spleen;
the yellowing of the skin and pr.

If any of the listed symptoms, the bite must immediately turn to the therapist or infectious background!

The question is how to understand what the tick under the skin is asked very many on the Internet. Non-standard problem. If the insect turns out to be completely under the skin, it is considered a worst version of the situation.

The insect under the skin looks like a new mole or a small ball differing from the skin in color. If the tick has absorbed it, it is felt discomfort in the contact area.

Can the tick fall off the person himself

After receiving the blood dose of blood, the insect is independently falling off. It can occur both in a couple of hours and a few days later.

In these cases, you need to urgently consult a doctor. The complexity of the situation with the body fell off from the body is the impossibility of presenting an insect to the laboratory for analysis. It is important to fix the date of the likely bitter and exactly after 10 days to contact the clinic and check for ticky encephalitis. In some cases, it will be correct to check repeatedly after a couple of weeks.

It is especially important to pass all the control procedures in the event that in the healing place of the bite suddenly the burning, itching and redness of the skin was again manifested. The moment of bite, due to the anesthesia implemented by the insect, can not be noticed, but unpleasant consequences will be impass.

Much more often bodies and how many people sit

An important information is the answer to the question: how much does a person hold? Many people believe that 2-3 days. To some extent, they are right, but only for male ticks. After saturation, for which they are enough for 3-4 days, the human body leaves.

For females, the term is increased several times. Females are on the human body up to 1.5 weeks. Their functional task is different than the males. They should prepare for the continuation of the genus. After the appearance of a small young female dies.

Quite often, places are on not closed with clothing areas of the body. In other cases, insects are climbed under the clothes. Forest visitors should know where ticks usually bite.

Most often, bite places is the neck, covered with hair head and zone behind the ears. On other parts of the body with favorite tick zones are armpits, the lower part of the abdomen, groin, loin, genitals. Insects choose places, introducing into which they can get to the blood source faster.

Many are interested in how to understand what a tick is on you? If there was a long time to navigate through the dense forest, grip and high grass, you can be sure that the ticks are sitting in the ambush. In the absence of a special antiquity suit, someone from bloodsowing insects can get under the clothes.

There is a technique of how to determine the ticks on the body:

It is necessary to remove all the clothes in the bathroom and send it to a dry bath. This will exclude the movement of insects and sprawling through other rooms.
Checking the presence of ticks on your body you need to start with hair on your head. They are preferably dissolved. It is required to try the skin centimeter for a centimeter under the hairproof. It is necessary to work with two hands, the fingers hold together. Any foreign object and tubercles on the skin must be suspicious.
It is necessary to be combed to eliminate the finding hiding in the hair and not yet driven into the skin of the ticks.
Inspect the body starting from above. It is advisable to use when examining a large mirror, which is usually present in the bathrooms. Not bad if someone from households help to detect the presence of ticks.
Pay attention to the inspection on the armpits zones, groin, under the breast.
After completion of the personal inspection, clean clothes should be put on.
In the bathing things are desirable to urgently send to washing. Bath must be checked for finding insects in it.

How the tick is dug into the human skin

To drink into the skin in the tick is involved with a difficult structure of a special oral apparatus. Its sometimes misunderstood the head of a tick. In this element of the building of the insect there are several parts.

Based on the chitinic cover of the capsule, in which salivary glands are placed. Their functional purpose is actively working both at the time of the bite and during the suction of blood. In addition to the capsule placed at the bottom of the capsule, there is a trunk in which Pedipalp and Helizer is poured.

The proboscis is fixed on the basis. It is a solid plate and to some extent similar to the sting. There is a lot of hooked hooks on the trunk. They are built by rows. The farther from the base capsule, the more. At the top you can detect short sharp spikes. It is that skin cuts at the time of bite. In addition to them, in the process of skin cutting, those at the base of the blade of the blade-Helicers are involved. Before the bite, they are covered with protective chitinas. At the time of the bite, they become moving and leave their cases. Helicers skin cuts cut to different depth. And the corners of the impact are also different.

Trulls and Helicers are crashed into a surface skin layer and invade the tissue inside. A paedpalp couple solves a tactile function. These elements are placed on the sides of the trunk. Their feature is a segic structure.

In the bite, the mouth of the insect is completely immersed in the body of a person or an animal. Penetration is stretched over time and is a phased process.

At the initial stage, the helicers are cut into the upper layer of the epithelium. Epidermis oroging cells are not immediately. The cutting of keratin cells and laying the path to the skin layer with a rich number of blood vessels is spent up to 20 minutes.

At the time of the bite, the salivation of the tick salivary glands increases. Its quantities enough for facilitating the work of the oral apparatus to cut the skin wetting surface. In the produced salivary glands, anesthetic substances and anticoagulants are present.

Anesthetics are powerfully blocking the feelings of pain from the bite. Anticoagulants do not give blood clumps. The properties of saliva provide a tick on the body of a person or an animal in an unidentified form for a long time.

Helicers and proboscis are immersed in the depth of the skin to the state of maximum introduction. After the beginning of the penetration of the oral apparatus, the pedpalp movement begins in the inner layer in different directions. As soon as complete implementation occurs, these elements go to position parallel to the skin. The process of suction of the tick takes from 20 minutes to half an hour.

Among the features, you can note the skill of the ticks to adjust the penetration depth of the trunk. Researchers in the course of scientific research figured out the presence of ticks in some types of ticks of penetration into the body of the victim to part of the length of the oral apparatus. They can stop the process of immersion after reaching an area with branching blood vessels. The researchers found out that such a ability was present only in those ticks, who often changed busting. It was revealed that such a functional solution is manifested as a protective measure against damage to Helisser, which may be damaged with a significant thickness of the epidermis. The presence of injury will not allow the insect nutrition.

After fixing in the skin layers, the tick begins to suck the peculiar cocktail from the blood of the victim together with the damaged and destroyed cells of the epithelium.

This year, Petersburgers willingly mastered magical rituals capable of bringing the onset of warm days in the city. And it seems that they succeeded. The column on the thermometer for the time the day rolls over the mark of +20 degrees - it's time to open the season of country sitting and kebabs in nature.

But together with people, the beginning of the present spring also noted ticks, insects, which are carriers of such hazardous diseases such as tick-borne encephalitis and tick-borne borreliosis.

Only a week victims dangerous insects More than 600 citizens became over 600, and over the spring period they gained more than a thousand. Moreover, in six cases, doctors diagnosed with tick-boring borreliosis, 1 child was among the victims. The intense situation is observed in Leningrad region. There are 369 citizens in the week of the pincers.

Dangerous areas

Most cases of close contact of a man with a tick is recorded in the territories of Pushkin, resort and Krasnogvardeysky districts. In the Leningrad region with a loaf of forest arrays, it is worthwhile in Luzhsky, Kirishi, Gatchinsky, Tosnensky districts. The danger can tide in the neighboring regions - Pskov and Novgorod regions, as well as in Karelia.

Photo Getty Images

- annually special processing are the territories of the most visited recreation areas - parks and forestarks, squares and children's country health facilities. In addition, the cemetery - ticks are not less and there are no less than in the parks, "Irina Chinjez warns, the head of the epidemiological supervision department of the St. Petersburg" Rospotrebnadzor ".

In large parks, territories along pedestrian walkways and paths are processed, in children's health facilities - the territory inside, as well as around the perimeter on a width of 50 meters. So it is fraught to delve into the thickets.

Security measures

The most reliable I. effective method Protection from tick-borne encephalitis - vaccination, "says Irina Chingeja. - And you should take care of this in advance before the beginning of the season. The first vaccination must be made in the fall, the second - in 3-4 months, in February-March. Over the next three years, it is enough to do one vaccination per year to protect yourself from infection with dangerous viruses for quite a long time.

But now it's not too late. There is a simplified vaccination removal, when there are 14 or 7 days between the two injections, depending on the vaccine. Contact it to the clinic at the place of residence - vaccination will be free. After that, within two weeks, there will be a life of an exclusively urban resident, refusing from traveling to the country, and from walking in the parks.

The shirt must have long sleeves, preferably with a rubber on cuffs. The shirt must be fed into the pants, the ends of the trousers - in socks and boots. Head and neck close to Kosnka. Even to protect against ticks, scouts are used - repellents that are treated with open areas of the body and clothing. Every two hours, as well as when leaving the forest, you should examine your clothes and the body yourself or with the help of other people, and the detected ticks are removed.

What if the tick was bitten?

Ideally pass the tick on the analysis alive and on the day of capture. Immunoglobulin must be entered within 72 hours after suction. The maximum period during which you can count on a reliable analysis result - 10 days. If the tick turned out to be unreleased, the victim is recommended to observe for 3-4 weeks. If any alert appears: an increase in temperature, lubrication in the joints, rash - it is necessary to contact your doctor at the place of residence and be sure to report close contact with insects.

In St. Petersburg, on the diagnosis of ticks is taken in the microbiological laboratory of the FGUZ "Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology" (Ul. Defense, 35a), tel. 786-87-00. Examination paid (650 rubles.). For positive results Testing All data enroll in the clinical infectious hospital. S. P. Botkin, whose specialists will contact the patient for a course of preventive treatment.

You can also contact the traumatological point at the place of residence. It is necessary to carry the tick there in a glass bottle, closing the capacitance with a lid. By the way, if there is a direction from a medical institution, then the analysis will be free.

The messenger needs blood to multiply and grow. For his life, it feeds only three times. But how!

People (and other mammals, who fell under the hot paw) bite and males, and females. But females can hang on their victim from 3 to 10 days, and males only snack and go to seek feeding females to mate them. Given the globality of the problem of reproduction facing the female, she needs to drink blood hundreds of times more than she herself.

Fertilized female, nappy blood, closer to the end of the spring season, that is, in May-June, puts up about a thousand eggs. In the middle of summer, tiny larvae with three pairs of legs appear. Their goal is small birds and forest animals. People such a tickful thing as a victim does not even consider.

The next spring nymphs begin hunting for heroes, hares, protein and other mammals. The person is still bigger for them. The nymph, the poisoned blood, becomes a male or female, to leave again on peace and in a year to reach another hunt. So, a tick that bites a person is no longer a young inexperienced artician.

The biting features include xexodov, gamazovy, argasovy and velvet (red-motel). Most of them successfully transfer pathogens of various infectious diseases to people and animals. Diseases may differ depending on their place of residence and variation.

There are such ticks that moved to permanent nutrition On alone alone, animals. Some do not attack people at all, others use in this way when there is no main donor, and some to taste it is a person. Basically bite females in order to postpone the eggs. Also, blood becomes their diet to reincarnate into the larvae.

How is the bite of the tick?

The bite of the tick is an event, honed by evolution to perfection. The female need a huge amount of blood compared to it. This means that she needs to be attached quite tight to hold out the victim for several days. It is also necessary that the animal or man does not feel bite, and in order for a few days of nutrition, the body of the victim did not react to the attack from the outside.

All these problems are solved using salivary glands, which occupy a significant part of the body of the tick. Its saliva is a unique mixture of more than 30 biologically active substances. The first portion contains a special "cement secret", with which the tick is "glued" to the skin. During the bite in the wound, the painkillers immediately fall, thanks to which the victim does not feel that it began to eat. In addition, the saliva contains:

compounds that suppress the immune response of the body of the victim so that the reaction of the reaction does not occur;
substances that do not give blood;
substances for increasing the permeability of the walls of blood vessels.

The tick is powered by, injecting saliva in the wound, it is sucking that the result is a mixture of blood, lymphs, saliva and residues of destroyed tissues.

If the clansic is infected with tick-borne encephalitis, then almost half of the viruses existing in its body are in salivary glands. That is why, finding a tick, you need to remove it immediately. It is impossible to wait until he reaches and falls off himself, or go along with him, chatting on the skin, in the farmost hospital.

Every minute, while the infected tick hangs on his victim, all new and new portions of the virus come to the body. And it increases the risk of developing the disease. And for the same reason it is impossible to press the tick between the fingers - the virus can penetrate inside the micro-damage on the skin. Pulling the tower to the fingers, it is impossible to immediately lose their eyes and other mucous meters - for the same reason: there is a risk of virus enclosure.

Even if the tick just suiced (and this can be seen by his eager to the calf) and it was immediately removed - it should be remembered that the cementing substance remains in the skin of a person, and with it - both viruses or bacteria that could be in a fragmental saliva. And this also explains the need for a neat twisting of the tick, so as not to tear it his head. If the head remains in the human body, it will still be a source of infection.

It is impossible to stir ticks in alcohol, oil and other liquids. First, it is a completely meaningless action - it will not get out to see who it wipes it with oil. Secondly, the likelihood is high that it will injected into the skin an additional portion of saliva - with infection, of course.

The tick has a special organ - hypostom, which allows them to be clinging for a person. It functions as an organ of senses, as well as attachments and bloodsucms. Most often they are embarrassed on such areas of the body as groin, belly, chest, armpits, neck and ears. The branched places are inflamed, local allergic reactions appear.

Signs of bite shown after 2-3 hours:

there is weakness, drowsiness;
there is chills;
worried about lubricants in the joints;
possible manifestations of lights.

headache;
nausea and vomiting;
difficult, hoarse breath;
nervous manifestations, hallucinations, etc.

There is inflammation of the red color of small sizes at the scene site. The stain is a slightly different kind when the bite was made by the borlene carrier. It has a circle with a diameter of 10-60 cm. It forms a small elevation of red in the form of a bagel. The stain in the center becomes blue or white. The framing is taken by a crust, it turns out a certain scar that disappears in two weeks.

How to get a tick

If the "cunning" animal is still closed, what to do, how to remove the tick? On the body, the individual is fixed, only then it is embarrassed, which takes some time. Blood absorbs either not lightning, but only after 2 hours or even a few days. It is inspired insubjective for humans. The fusion pest becomes round and gray.

The removal of the tick that was suiced should be urgent and careful. It is necessary to protect his abdomen from damage and watch that the blood did not flow down, which he drank. After that, the hand and place of the bite must be treated with a solution containing alcohol. Most often, it is made by vodka, cologne, a wet disinfecting napkin, iodine or a solution of diamond greenery.

The best solution in nature can be a thread pulled out of clothes. From it make a loop, they throw around the trunk, getting close to the skin. Then it is tightened and neatly swinging movements are torn. But it is not always possible to use thread. How to pull a man's tick in other ways?

But it is better to turn to a doctor who will not only reach the tick, but also gives the direction to the laboratory on its check. To resort to the help of a specialist, you need as soon as possible, do not go to your clinic, but to contact the nearest traumatology point.

How not to pick up ticks in the forest?

Ticks are leisurely creatures that do not have wings and other devices for the rapid attack of the victim. Therefore, all that they can - is sitting on the bushes and grass, having fluttering against floating front paws in the hope of a passing or running victim. Their goal is to grasp wool or clothes and start your trip up in search better place For bite.

In principle, the ticks are capable of feeling the animal and human trails - by the smell of sweat, hovering in the air. And the pumping ticks fall from the animal running along the trail, and, far from crawling away from this place, continue their life cycle. Such a tick in a month can shift no more than 5-10 meters from the place where he fell from the victim.

Modern means Toning protection is not effective enough to ensure the inviolability of the body of a man walking through the bushes. The more effective the drug, the more poisonous. Therefore, the most effective means on the skin are not applied - only on clothes. But their effect is grabs literally for 3-4 hours, subject to dry weather. If a walk occurs in the rain or accompanied by the intersection of the river in the ankle in the water, then the means should be applied again.

Therefore, the most reliable means of protection against ticks in the forest is clothing. The best way - Clothes with tightening cuffs or with dense rubber bands adjacent to the body, wrists and ankles.

Another characteristic feature of anticipating clothes - traps: Stripped ledges of fabrics sent down. In Russia, ticks do not rise on the grass and shrubs above 1 meter (and they do not jump on the head from the trees!). This means that clutching in the knee-level clothing, for example, they will crawl up to get to the body. I encounter on the fold trap, the tick so in it will remain.

How not to miss the tick on the body?

Even if a person is dressed in proper clothes and loses the most toxic drug, there is no guarantee that the tick still does not get to his body. And in this case, the most important thing is to find it as soon as possible.

The bite of the tick man does not notice. Moreover, polls show that half of people who grabbed the tick-borne infection and applied to the doctor, can not remember that they encounter a tick at all. So do not be neglected uncomplicated for advice. All of them are tested by life and have a logical substantiation.

Choose light clothes.

Light clothes are clearly visible to the quoted ticks. Since they don't know how to bite through the fabric, they don't need to be afraid - it's easy to remove it from clothes.

Conduct a regular inspection.

The tick is not a heap with its powerful jaws that break the skin of the bull. And not even a mosquito, whose motto - "Kusai where it fell, until they flick!" The tick, as mentioned above, at the time of the bite fade sticks to the skin. Therefore, it is not in a hurry to dug into the body of the victim, and maybe 2-3 hours crawling through the body of a person, choosing a place to be sick.

This means that if we are talking about a walk in the park or in the forest, then the faithful means of prevention is to inspect each other every 2-3 hours. During the inspection, special attention should be paid to secluded corners of the body - under the knees, in the area of \u200b\u200bgroin, under the mouses, behind the ears, under the hair and in the waist area (belly and back).

Upon arrival home, it is necessary to inspect not only yourself and loved ones, but also animals, which were also walking, as well as a car, backpacks and tents - everything that visited the tick-borne area. The tick will not die in place, if it does not receive blood immediately - it can still wait for an empty stomach. So, having reached, for example, on a backpack to the house, it may well be launched in search of mining already in the apartment.

Take a shower after a walk.

Immediately after the walk, if there is an opportunity, you need to take a shower or bath - it makes it possible to either wash away, or quickly detect a tick if it has already been pressed.

Protection against ticks

Fighting ticks is one way to protect a person and his home from them. The most terrible is the bite of the encephalitis carrier. An unpleasant disease can be infected with any representative of this species, found from a person - an xode or bed. Therefore, there is no single rule, which should be protected from ticks.

Chemicals

Ultraton (Ultraton) - lotion, aerosol;
Defi Taiga - Solution, Pencil, Lotion, Emulsion, Aerosol, Balsam, Cream, Gel;

as well as aerosols:

Biban;
Gall-radi;
Date from ticks;
Off extreme;
Raptor;
Breeze antiques and others.

Specialists recommend using another remedy for ticks - acaricides. If the repellents are scared by spider, the last drug paralyzes their limbs, and they fall from the victim. Thus, the destruction of individuals is made. There are aerosol acaricides:

Rafamid-taiga;
Antiques picnic;
Fumitx anti-flask;
Gardex aerosol extreme;
Tornado anti-flask;
Gardex antiques, etc.

There are still small acaricides, which the lines are drawn before walking in a field or forest area. But tick treatment is important not only for a person, its help is needed and the environment. Often there are cases of infection of plants in the gardens. Therefore, the processing of a segment from arthropods becomes an important task for people.

They are struggling with these drugs: actor, vermitek, phytodeterm, carboofos, intavir and others. They will require repeated treatments, since not all the stages of the development of animals are susceptible. To do this, it will be necessary to develop a schedule for pollination of the plant. Usually make a break in two weeks, but you should pay attention to the supplied instructions. She will tell more accurate time.

Tick \u200b\u200bRemoval Devices

Of course, it is desirable to have a nearby person who has already successfully pulled the ticks. You can still twist the loop from the string, use tweezers from a manicure set, but the easiest way to get one of the numerous devices to remove ticks, which can be bought at the pharmacy or online store.

The main principle when removing a tick: to hook it and make 2-3 turns, smoothly and without jerks. The goal is to carefully unscrew the cemented head of the tick of the skin without taking it off. Clockwise or against - no matter.

Prevention

Man caution and his foresight - best defense From ticks. These qualities require knowledge of the residence of pests, avoiding possible meetings with them. Wetlands, Pastures and Forest Bowl, Park Zones - Favorite Places of Ixodic Varieties. After all, they prefer wet and shaded places.

To avoid a meeting with an argasovye view, you need to travel less than the caves, rocky clefts, grottoes, not far from the dwellings of animals and birds, old buildings for livestock. When you have to stay in such a terrain, you need to use a sleeping bag with a special valve at night, to wear a protective cave on the tent, and if you sleep on the bed, then put a container with kerosene or water.

it is necessary to guarantee its safety, putting the right clothing, pre-treated with a repellent;
it is better to choose not scare away, but the destroying drug;
when applying funds to use circular motions of the closing form;
process the neck, wrists, knees, ankles, if you are open clothes;
the validity period of funds is reduced by the influence of weather conditions like rain, wind, heat.

Scientists have studied the habits and adhesion of ticks

Who do you like to bite the ticks more? Why some necessarily bring the "beast" sucking from the forest, and others never encountered them? Specialists of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences decided by this issue and decided to respond to it in scientific. In this work, started over a year ago, there are already intermediate results with which the Correspondent of MK shared the head of the gene pool of experimental animals of the Institute Mikhail Moshkin.

The fact that people differ in the frequency with which ticks are attacked are a fact - says Mikhail Pavlovich. - Someone noticed that they bite more often representatives of strong sex. But is it? What makes ticks make us on "delicious" and "tasteless," what you need to give recommendations to potential victims?

"The lady creates a signal field for a tick"

Started scientists selection of signs from a simple division of humanity into two large categories - for men and women. How can a tick distinguish them? Of course, by the smell of allocated genital pheromones.

Mikhail Moshkin and colleagues conducted a special experiment. In the laboratory, the ticks were placed in the Y-shaped labyrinth with sleeves in the form of glass tubes. One sleeve was given smelting incentives (human pheromones), in the other - a pair of water, in the third - a combination of water and an incentive.

As the tests, the researchers were taiga ticks (Ixodes Persulcatus), which are the most common not only in Siberia, but also in our Moscow region. It was important for scientists to understand, in the tube with what tick substance will spend more time. It turned out that the territory with the male smell (steroid pheromone - Osmaferon) was left very quickly, but in the tube with a female pheromone - Osmoferin, these malicious arthropods were detained for a long time.

Was these male individuals?

Of course, no, - Moshkin grins. - The smell of osmoferin, which is a mixture of three aliphatic fatty acids, turned out to be attractive for males of ticks, and for females. This smell does not seem to be sexually attractive for them, as, for example, it would seem for human individuals of male. It does not care that the mouse male would reach out behind the smell of tigrine female. You understand that it is impossible. There was another mechanism on the ticks - they attracted them, soon from the nutrient side, fatty acids that are part of the female pheromone, as they form a smell characteristic of many animal species - natural tick feeders.

"To sort out the addies of a tick, the brain opened him"

But the question arises, why then People Solva calls the main victim of a man's tick? Why not on women directed their first "blow"? The fact is that the ticks use smell signals to select a place in which they lie down the attack object. The incentive for the attack is the thermal radiation of a potential victim, exhaled carbon dioxide, ammonia and some other signaling factors characteristic of both men and women. Is that the intensity of these signals above the male individuals. Thus, women walking through the forest create a signal field attracting ticks. The victims of such attraction more often become individuals of male, in which the intensity of metabolism is becoming higher.

If you study the distribution of ticks in the forest, then most often they can be found precisely along those paths for which people walk and run dogs.

The various attractiveness of male and female pheromones installed in the Y-shaped labyrinte was supported by the studies of the neuronal reaction.

To do this, the ticks opened cover over the nerve ganglia (by the accumulation of nerve cells. - Aut.) And summed up the electrodes. To the sense of smell, which the tick is on the front legs, various smells were brought. And depending on the change of "loved ones" and "unloved" inhaled samples, the electropotential changed radically. For example, when inhalation of repellents, he raised, and when inhaled female pheromones dropped.

"The ticky encephalitis may be transmitted by sexual path"

But the most interesting and important, according to the doctor of Biological Sciences Moshkin, the discovery was described recently by his group in the "Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine".

We have become infected with the mite encephalitis virus laboratory mice, "says Mikhail Pavlovich. - Then in the cells to infected with healthy females. When they were born offspring, we studied it on the embryonic level. The embryos grew much slower than their fellows born from healthy fathers, many simply did not survive. And when we produced a virological analysis, it turned out that the subjects are infected with tick-born encephalitis. No one has put forward the versions that encephalitis is inherited, and hence sexually too. But, unfortunately, do not hear the doctors. Go now to any clinic and ask the first patient who appealed for help after the tick bite, did the doctor recommended at least two weeks after two weeks after the bite to refrain from sex contacts? I bet that such instructions do not give, and it would be necessary. In favor of our version, the fact that there are patients with a detected virus that do not remember that they ever bite the tick. In such cases, doctors believe the completely fantastic version that the patients could become infected from the tick, which simply props on them, without swaying.

Curious facts about ticks

■ When infected with the capacitant of Lime's disease, their search activity increases. Spiroquins causing this disease require much more resources for their existence than tick-borne encephalitis viruses. Perhaps why ticks seek to get food as early as possible, which he takes no more than once a year.

■ The pathogenicity of the tick-borne encephalitis decreases from the east to the west: if you can die in Primorye from the bite of the encephalitite tick, then in the Moscow region transmitted by the tick disease can flow as a slight ailment.

■ Two years ago, scientists of Tomsk State University and Novosibirsk NGOs "Vector" expanded a list of diseases transmitted using ticks. The fever of West Nile was added to the tick-borne encephalitis and diseases of Lyme. All these diseases have approximately the same symptoms: weakness, lethargy, temperature increase. The most dangerous of them capable of leading to serious consequences is precisely encephalitis.

Therefore, the entire nutrition strategy is to use the host as efficiently as a power source. For this, the tick very carefully chooses the place of hunting, the sacrifice, and, moreover, the place of attachment to it (after all, choose an unsuccessful place for bite - this means with a high probability of being detected and killed).

On a note
At the ticks there are 2 types of search and premium seaming:

passive lifting;

active persecution.

On a note
The victim's search process consists of two phases. The first phase is the spatial orientation of the tick. At this point, the segmental quality evaluates all factors. ambient (humidity, temperature, chemical composition Air) and climbs into the most convenient place for itself, often - on herbaceous vegetation, after which it settles in her upper tier.

The second phase begins when the tick feels the approach of the victim. At the same time, he turns the body in the direction of the possible owner, pulls the first pair of legs up and performs oscillatory movements. At the ends of his feet there are sharp claws that tick and cling to clothes or wool (feathers) of the victim.

On a note

The ticks do not have a specialized body that would help them determine the position of the body relative to the Earth, therefore the animal is focused exclusively according to the degree of tension of certain muscle groups of the extremities. When hunting, when the front legs stretched up, three other couples hold the body in right positionPerforming both attaching and sensitive function. Therefore, purely anatomically tick can neither bend on the sacrifice, nor fall on it from the tree.

How are the ticks feel sacrificed? First of all, according to the component composition of the air. The strongest irritant is to increase carbon dioxide. Other components are also affected by the bodies of animals, including hydrogen sulfide and ammonia.

The main distant chemoreceptor is the Galler organs located on the front limbs of the ticks. They have a look of a hole, at the bottom of which there is a cluster of sensitive cells. These cells perceive the slightest change in the concentration of the above substances and encourage the ticks to act. The tick can feel a potential victim at a distance of more than 10 meters. This explains the massaches of ticks in places where a large number of animals and people.

In addition, being cold-blooded animals, the tick clearly feels infrared radiation of warm-blooded organisms, but for hunting is still a secondary stimulus.

How tick clings and keeps the owner's body to bite

The tick is so tightly cling to the body that it is almost impossible to smooth it. The only method to get rid of the tick before he was pressed - purposefully remove it from the body surface.
While the tick did not bite, all these devices allow it to be on the body of the owner for a long time, increasing the likelihood of successful nutrition.

Given the size of the victim relative to the size of the tick, often a segmental distance is to overcome considerable distances, so it may take several hours to select a bite space. Since the tick drinks blood for a very long time (usually for several days), the process of choosing an attachment site is extremely important, and a considerable amount of time is derived.

On a note

The actual structure of the skin is the most important value - as far as it is flawed and how well is vascuable.

On a note
Well studied places of bites with a man with a man. Shoes and clothing limit the number of places for attachment, but ticks find a way out of this situation.

The greatest percentage of the ticks sucking towards man falls on the axillary region, further - descending: on the chest, abdomen, in groin, on the buttocks, legs. Children also experiences frequent attachment to the head. It is worth noting that the ticks are perfectly focused under the clothes, making his way to the body even through small gaps.

The oral apparatus of the tick is a complex education and consists of several components, each of which has its own morphology and functions. In detail, consider some interesting nuances under the microscope (see photo below):

The robust apparatus includes base, trot or hyposta, one pair of helper, immersed in cases, and a pair of palp. The base of the trunk has a capsule with a dense chitinist cover - here are the docks of the salivary glands and the throat begins. Palps have a segment structure, consist of 4 segments and perform a tactile function.

The hypostite is a unpaired chitinic plate, motionless attached to the base. It has the appearance of an extended "sting", on which the right longitudinal rows are located a large number of hooks bent back, as shown below in the photos:

The top of the hook becomes smaller, forming a crown of small and at the same time very sharp spikes. When the tick bites, the sharp hypostite is involved in cutting the skin with the helixers.

On a note

The base of the hypostom is attached a pair of helper, which have the appearance of sharp blades enclosed in cases. Helicers are very mobile and can cut through the skin and covers at different angles and at different depths. At rest, they are enclosed in cases that retain them from mechanical damage.

All together it is called the rutosome and is the front body of the tick body, which during the bite is immersed in the cover of the sacrifice body.

How the tick is dug

Despite the high mechanical strength of the upper layer of the skin, it does not create serious obstacles to the path of the mite oral organs to the inner layers where blood vessels are located. And there is a direct relationship between the skin thickness of the preferred owner and the length of the helper.

The skin cutting process lasts the first 15-20 minutes from the moment of bite.

In parallel, the process of introducing a trunk in the cut formed by helixers. In the wound plunges completely all the trumps, almost to the base of the head, and the palpates are rejected almost parallel to the skin.

On a note

Important is the fact that the tick is capable of adjusting the depth of penetration of the trunk in the cover. It depends on the size of the victim and the thickness of its skin. It is worth considering that the deeper the ticks will plunge into the skin, the stronger the immune protective reaction of the host organism will be. Strong inflammatory processes can begin, negatively acting on the tick and reduce the chances of successful food.

After the tick is safely screaming into the skin, it starts up. At this point, haliters with cases that are expanding fabric near the hypostom are located together with the trunk.
Accordingly, first food falls into the cavity of the case, and then in the predest cavity of the tick. On the surface of the skin, this case ends with a frozen roller, to which the base of the trunk is glued.

It is interesting
It is worth noting that the tick is powered not only by blood, but also the lysed tissues of the skin where the proboscis is introduced.

It is dangerous and so that, together with the saliva tick in the host, causative agents of diseases may penetrate, such as Lyme and tick-borne encephalitis. And the longer the encephalitic or borreliosis tick is powered, the greater the amount of saliva it also distinguishes and the greater the likelihood of human infection with the corresponding disease.
The duration of the tick varies and depends on the stage of its ontogenesis and the floor. Nymphs drink blood for 2-3 days, and hawk females can be on the body of the owner until the week. The males usually do not eat, and if the men's individual and is embarrassed, it keeps the owner just a few hours.
On a note

Distinguish the female tick from the male is quite simple. The male has a wide chitinous matte shield on the upper side of the body, which is completely covered with the back, the flaps only reach the middle of the back.

Nymphs tick are saturated relatively quickly. Food is necessary for molting and further developmentHowever, they are also carriers of pathogens of various diseases, like adults.
After the tick is fully satisfied, he himself disappears. The muscles of the oral apparatus relax, the Helicers are tightly pressed against the truth, and the tick without difficulty removes it from the bodies of the victim's body.
Do not forget about preventive measures. After walking, you need to carefully examine yourself, children and animals, and before leaving the nature of the ribs, put on the closed clothes and shoes. With the right approach, it is almost always possible to remove the tick from clothing (or body) on time - long before it time to succeed.

Video shooting of a tick bite with a large magnification - all the details of the process are visible -

Is it possible to pull the skin tick with a syringe (vacuum): Experiment