How to insulate the floor in the apartment: Select the method. Floor insulation in the apartment - the choice of the best material is the best insulation for the floor in the apartment

The thermal insulation of the enclosing structures most often includes the walls of the walls. However, insulation is also required for vertical surfaces - such as floors. Especially important, the implementation of such work will be subject to the presence of the unheated basement. Although faced with the problems of cold floors and residents of the upper floors of block buildings, observe the premises of the freezing of the corners and the formation of condensate. Before insulationing the floor in the apartment, the material should be correctly selected, which will be used for this.

Selection of insulation

Insulation used for the heat insulation of floors, by origin is:

• shabby (eco-tree, plywood);
• polymer (foam, foaming);
• minerals (minvat, cement solutions, ceramzite);
• silicate (glass wool).

The decision, which species of the insulation to choose depends on various factors. For example, some of them better insulate the wooden floor, others are not suitable for such a base, and others can be used for any surfaces.

It is also worth paying attention to the thickness of the insulation, which is sometimes capable of significantly reduce the height of the room.

Mineral wool and fiberglass insulation

Possessing good heat and sound insulation parameters, mineral and glass wool allow you to warm the structures from any material. In addition, work on their installation does not require special skills. And the service life and of the other insulation reaches 50 years. Minvata and fiberglass are often used for thermal insulation using lags, as well as styling under the draft floor.

Among the disadvantages of materials can be noted:

• relatively high thickness;
• low mechanical strength;
• high water absorption. Moreover, the Minvata has 2 times more compared with glass gamble.

Penoplex or polystyrene foam

For polymeric materials such as expanded polystyrene and fasteners are characteristic:

• high heat insulating properties;
• affordable cost;
• long service life.

They are well suited to ensure over basements or cold soils. Although there are also a number of disadvantages - the impossibility of using wooden semi Without prior preparation, increased flammability and fragility. In addition, moisture getting into the appearance on the surface of materials of mold and fungi, so after installing polystyrene foam or inferno, it must be carefully protected by additional waterproofing.

Polyurethane foam application

It can be attributed to the most modern ways of insulation of structures. It is suitable for mounting on any surface types, including wooden, concrete and even covered floor.

And even for such a insulation, the device of steam and waterproofing is not required. The disadvantages of the method is too high cost and material itself, and performing work (which will not work with your own hands), and further finishing its surface.

Plates of gypsum, which are also called a "dry tie", are a universal technology for the minimum increase in its thickness (up to 25 mm).

At the same time, a smooth coating is obtained, compatible with any finishing finishes, including electric floors.

Another advantage of the choice of this method is the high speed of work - up to 5 square meters. m per hour.

And from flaws can be called:

• relative high cost;
• the impossibility of an independent device.

Heat insulation by clay

One of the most inexpensive means of insulation is to lay on top of the ceramic overlap. This material protects well from the cold, and absorbing moisture, it does not lose heat insulating abilities.

At the same time, to ensure sufficient insulation, a large thickness of the insulation layer is required - up to 20 cm.

It is possible to make the room warmer and with the help of bulk floors - special mixtures for alignment and insulation. They are used in cases where it is required to provide a minimum increase in thickness (up to 50 mm) of a concrete structure.

At the same time, the heat-insulating properties in such floors are lower than most of the other materials, and they will not work them with their own hands without experience.

Stages of work

The choice of a specific methodology of insulation depends mainly from the location of the apartment. So, for the premises on the first floor, the performance of work will be the most difficult - due to the high heat transfer and the likelihood of a reference (especially, in the presence of the basement under the first floor). And for housing, located above, you will need less and time, and materials.

Warming of the first floor

Before performing work on the insulation of the floor of the first floor, it is necessary to check the possibility of laying the heat insulating material from the basement. If it works out, it is possible to reduce the heat pumping of the overlap without spending a lot of money. The non-residential basement ceiling is insulated with an inexpensive minor, after which the heat insulation of the floors of the apartment will require less attachments and is performed in the same way as for housing on the upper floors.

The mineral wool in the basement is placed in a metal crate, suitable on the principle of plasterboard ceilings with vapor insulation. Device wooden carcass In this case, it is undesirable due to the increased humidity of the room, which will lead to a decrease in the service life of the tree and, accordingly, the entire insulation framework. True, metal profiles will not save from damage to Minvatu, to check the condition of which should be before the start of the heating season.

If it is impossible to get to the floor, the bottom is carried out better isolation from the side of the apartment.

Before starting work, check the condition of the existing concrete screed, which is under the main coating (which in any case will have to be removed). If it is damaged, the floors should be carried out, then continue insulation in such a sequence:

• perform vaporizolation over the base;
• pour the second screed (for example, from a plastone) with a thickness of 3-4 cm;
• install the crate;
• to lay insulation in its cells (for example, minvatu or foam);
• to the crate to lay a phaneer with a thickness of 12-16 mm;
• restore floor covering (parquet, linoleum, tile), using appropriate technology.

Features of the upper floors

For all other floors, in addition to the first, warm the floors are much easier. This is done by removing the old flooring, laying the insulation, installation of the layer of plywood and returning the initial coverage in place.

Flooring device over plywood base can be performed with preliminary creation of an additional base or without it (for example, when laying a linoleum).

Features of the device "Warm floors"

Warm floors, regardless of the location of the apartment, necessarily require the creation of vapor barrier and tie with a thickness of 2-2.5 cm.

It is also desirable to lay on top of the aluminum mats intended to prevent the heating of the lower rooms. The features of the installation of the very "warm floor" depend on its variety.

With a water floor, 20 mm pipes are placed on top of the metallized material, having a snake.

Using the cuff, the system is attached to the floor, and its ends are connected to the riser.

Before the final introduction of the "warm floor" into operation, it must be checked for 15-20 hours. Only after that you can pour the screed.

Electric heating

"Warm floor" electric type It can be mounted in the same way as water - except that the tests do not need.

The advantages of such a system in a simple temperature control and a uniform warming up the room, heat in which is evenly distributed first on the surface above the heating cable, and then rises upwards.

The indicators of comfortable temperature in residential premises are governed by state regulatory acts, measurements are performed in various rooms at an altitude of 1.5 meters from the floor level. If the floor has high thermal conductivity indicators, but in the people's stay zone, the temperature decreases significantly, it is necessary to increase the consumption of thermal energy to heating. With currently existing energy prices, the problem of saving coolants occupies an important place.

Another nuance. In developed countries (recently in and our country), widespread systems of premises were widespread using warm floors. They provide maximum comfort with minimal losses. In this regard, the insulation of the floors constantly need to pay much attention.

In the article we will look at two options for insulation of floors in the apartment and in a private wooden house using the most efficient materials.

Production companies offer consumers a wide range of different insulation, it makes it possible to choose in each case optimal option Depending on the technical parameters of the structure and its purpose. For adoption right solution You should familiarize yourself with the brief characteristics of the most common of them.

Type of insulation	Operational characteristics and recommended areas of use
	Pretty new materials are most often used by foam. Advantages - the space completely close, eliminate the likelihood of the appearance of cold bridges. Disadvantages - for insulation requires special equipment, it is not recommended to use in children's rooms and bedrooms. Another disadvantage - technology eliminates natural ventilation Wooden structures, which has a negative impact on durability of operation. In addition, the facial boards must be thick, by time of frozen, liquid insulation are significantly increasing in the amount and can deform the sexual coating. Floor insulation technology provides phased coating Board and insulation, only at the expense of such an algorithm, you can guarantee a uniform distribution of the insulation throughout the volume.
	Most often use clay, less often slag. The advantage is only one - low cost of materials. Bulk materials are much inferior to other types of insulation on operational indicators, to ensure effective insulation, it is necessary to increase their thickness. It is allowed to use claying during the preparation of concrete or cement-sand solutions.
	Some of the most popular insulation, do not distinguish harmful chemical compounds. May be pressed or rolled, with additional waterproofing coatings or without any. Disadvantages: High cost, negative reaction to increased humidity. Installation technology should provide reliable protection From the appearance of condensate, otherwise, the indicators of warm-water increases sharply.
	Materials of universal use, modern species Good resist open burning. Extrusion polystyrene can withstand significant loads, used both separately and during the combined heating of floors. According to the characteristics of thermal conductivity, it is almost no different from mineral wool, but at cost cheaper.

Prices for mineral wool Rockwool

mineral wool Rockvul

Types of bearing genital overlaps

1. Wooden beams. Professional builders recommend using light heaters for them, perfectly like foam, extruded polystyrene foam, mineral wool (rolled or extruded) and glass gamble. During insulation, special measures should be taken to ensure natural ventilation of wooden structures, its complete absence causes the appearance of rot and fungal diseases.
2. Concrete. Different with the highest carrier characteristics. On such floors, all existing insulation can be applied, including concrete and cement-sand mixtures with clay.

The stronger the overlap, the more options not only the insulation of the floors, but also the finish flooring.

Types of floors

Floor flooring can be made various materialsThis factor also influences the choice of insulation.

Have a lot of weight, it is recommended to install on a cement-sand tie on a concrete base. As insulation, extruded polystyrene foam or solutions with adding ceramisite can be used. All other materials are not designed for great efforts and is unsuitable for insulation of floors.

Ceramic tile. It has a smaller weight than artificial stone. Modern technologies allow you to make such floors on OSP plates or glued plywood wooden beams or reinforced concrete floors. Due to the fact that the plates are placed on special lagham shields, the ability to apply soft materials for insulation, including mineral wool.

Natural boards, various types of laminate. Pretty light designs, for insulation of such floors, no restrictions on the choice of insulation do not exist.

Linoleum or other soft coatings. Floors are laid on the tie, for insulation you need to apply strong insulation. Extruded polystyrene foam or bulk insulation are recommended.

The technology of insulation of the first floor floors should include a complex of special events to protect insulation from the harmful effects of moisture. For example, consider step-by-step instructions for the insulation of the first floor floors in a private house and an urban apartment.

Warming of floors in the apartment

The insulation is used extrusive polystyrene foam, floor overlap of reinforced concrete plate. The material is not afraid of moisture and direct contact with water, all micropores are closed. Due to such features, its laying technology is somewhat simplified, various types of vapor and moisture protection are not applied.

Extrusion expanded polystyrene is considered the most common and universal insulation, it can be used for loaded floors or under wooden coatings With natural ventilation. The material maintains the load of 150-200 Pa, which is quite enough for all types of residential premises.

Floor insulation

To perform work, you will need a roulette, a marker, a hand saw on a tree with a small teeth, a marker and a mounting knife.

Step 1. Decide with the number of material. The large stock of polystyrene is not needed, the technology almost excludes unproductive waste. But the surplus will always be, polystyrene foam is implemented by plates of standard sizes.

Important. For high-quality insulation of the floor of the first floor, the thickness of the insulation must be at least 5 cm if the buildings are located in the regions with severe climatic conditions And without insulated basement, the recommended insulation thickness increases to 10-15 cm.

Step 2. Prepare the surface. It should be aligned, remove all the protruding parts. If the stove has big irregularities, then you need to make a cement-sand tie, the minimum thickness of at least one centimeter. It should be achieved that the seams between the slabs are located in the same plane, otherwise the cold bridges are formed in these places, which will have a negative effect on the effectiveness of the floor insulation of the first floor.

Step 3. Make a preliminary layout of the plates. Most of them have a l-shaped edge around the perimeter, it overlaps the cold bridges and increases the strength of the coating. Due to the edge, it is easier to control the quality of laying, the coating itself is aligned horizontally and so on.

If you plan to use several rows of thin plates, then you need to make the sutures, the heat losses are minimized. Make sure that there were no gaps between the rows of the slabs. Air moves in them, such a movement makes heat outward, the effectiveness of insulation is significantly reduced.

Step 4. The next row of the plates begins with half the width of the first row, in the standard case, the parameter is 60 cm. Mark the size on the stove, swipe perpendicular to the edge line and cut the sheet using the knob. If it is possible, it is recommended to purchase a special hacksaw for cutting polystyrene plates. The special sharpening makes it easy to cut the material, and special teeth eliminate the appearance of foam dust. Dust with drafts is distributed throughout the apartment's premises, it will take a considerable amount of time to clean it.

Cutting must be made on a flat surface in a convenient position. Express special care at the end of cutting, a slim piece of the plate can break away. Laying line is uneven, will have to take measures to exclude the appearance of the gaps.

Practical advice. The polystyrene foam can be slightly deformed when the sizes of the plates are fluctuated, it is recommended to establish a damper tape with a thickness of approximately 5 mm in the perimeter of the stability.

Fix the plates to the base with the help of a bracket or dowels is not necessary, due to this, the timing of work is significantly reduced.

Step 5. Formulate the distribution layer on polystyrene plates, loads are evenly distributed, which eliminates the likelihood of mechanical damage. It is possible to make it from a cement screed or with the help of dry-fiber plates, plywood, etc. Cement strainer Requires a lot of time and effort, during work there is a lot of construction debris, it takes no less than 2-3 days for pouring the solution.

Flooring GVL sheets

Professionals are recommended to create a clamping layer to use stoves, all work can be completed within one working day. But concrete decision, depending on its wishes and the final flooring material.

Step 1. Swipe the line on the sheet taking into account the selected width. GVL sheets are rather soft, you can cut them with a mounting knife. First, ride the paper on the one hand, then turn the sheet and cut off the other.

Step 2. Place the GWL over the insulation with the disintegration of the seams, press the materials tightly to each other, do not allow the appearance of the gaps. If large loads are valid on the floor, the national striper is recommended to do in two layers.

Important. If the thermal insulation layer is closed with cement-sand gravity, then the insulation should be covered with a polyethylene film or stuck the joints with scotch. It is necessary so that the cement milk does not fall into the joints and did not form a cold bridges.

Step 3. Crerate the sheets of the team with ordinary self-drawing. Place them in a checking order at a distance of about 30 cm from each other. When working with plasterboard plates, follow the effort of attracting, the stoves have a slight strength, the self-spinner is easily rotated.

This technology of the first floor insulation does not imply the use of various cement-based mixtures, is called dry and can be used for different premises.

Step-by-step instruction of floor insulation on the first floor of a frame house

Warming is done on the rough floor of the scraping of boards. Wooden beams, the distance between them is about 50-60 cm. The specific values \u200b\u200bare selected taking into account the maximum loads and thickness of the pic floodplain. Mineral wool is used for insulation.

Step 1. Place vaporizoation on the lags and draft floor. Carefully read the designations on the material, lay it in the desired position, otherwise the moisture will not be removed from the space under the floor. Rough side Skipping pairs, it should always be addressed to the mineral wool. The manufacturer's logo is applied on this side.

Important. It is strictly forbidden to use a polyethylene film under the insulation of mineral wool. The fact is that in the winter period of time, the dew point is located in the thickness of mineral wool. If it has high humidity, the steam is condensed, the wool wet and catastrophically loses its heat shielding properties. Parosolation allows moisture to gradually leave, which warns the appearance of condensate.

Some inexperienced builders in order to save materials cut vaporizolation into small pieces for laying them between two lags. Professionals do not recommend flowing thus for several reasons. First, the time of work is much increased. It is necessary to measure the width of each site, cut off the vaporizolation and fix it with brackets throughout the perimeter. Secondly, theoretically, the overall savings do not exceed several centimeters, which will not affect the cost of materials. And in practice, due to errors during circumcision, it turns out not savings, but an increase in flow.

Step 2. Place thermal insulation between lags. You can use both rolled and pressed views. During laying, do not leave skips. You always cut off with a reserve, during the edge laying should be tightly pressed wooden designs. If insulation is two layers, then be sure to overlap the joints of the first.

Step 3. On top of the insulation, put the vapor insulation material, taking into account the above-described tips, secure it with a stapler. Parosolation necessarily raise on the walls, take all measures to protect your wool from moisture.

Step 4. Quote to the lags of a 2-3 cm lags. They are needed to create between the floor and layer of the insulation of the ventilation gaps, otherwise the board will not sleep, which is very negatively affecting the time of operation of the structure.

Important. Do not forget about the inserts of vaporizolation, the width of the overlap is at least 10 cm. The joints are recommended to cry with scotch.

Reiki can be fixed with self-drawing or ordinary smooth nails. The length of hardware should be at least 30% exceeding the thickness of the regions. Nails are under a small angle, it will eliminate the likelihood of their splitting.

There are recommendations for eliminating steam into the holes of hardware to put the butyl rubber tape under the rails. This is an expensive material, to save money, the ribbon is cut into small pieces and glued only to the places of pivoting nails. In order not to be mistaken, labels are made on the front surface of the rails. If you want, you can fulfill these recommendations. But experienced builders at such events do not lose time. The fact is that the rake is tightly pressed against the lags, due to this hole in vaporizolation seal, there is no need to engage in additional operations.

On this work on the heat insulation of the floor of the first floor wooden house Completed, you can start a washclock. Here are the options a great set, it all depends on your wishes and opportunities.

Frequent errors during household insulation and apartments

Large gaps between sliced \u200b\u200bslices of foam or polystyrene foam. It is necessary to close them by mounting foam. Before laying a cropped piece on the end of the already lying applied a small amount of Foam, after frozen the excess material is neatly cut by the mounting knife.

The use of foam for insulation of the first floor of a wooden house. Floors must have produced to natural ventilation, rodents penetrate into the underground. After a short time, they convert foam plates into a duch, the effectiveness of thermal insulation tends to zero. IN wooden houses It is recommended to use glasswater, it has a large diameter of the fibers, which does not like the pests. Unfortunately, the mineral wool does not become an obstacle to rodents, in it they do the moves without any problems and build nests.

Non-compliance with safety equipment when working with mineral Vata.. You do not need to trust advertising producers that argue that mineral wool does not cause allergic reactions. The skin and mucous membranes are slightly damaged, which becomes the cause of itching. Always work in protective clothing and mittens, respiratory organs should be protected by respirators.

All elements of wooden structures under the insulation layer must necessarily impregnate with antiseptics. Any most modern vaporizoles significantly worsen natural ventilation, and for wooden structures, a long-term increase in humidity is unacceptable.

The layer of clay can create the effect of thermal protection only with the complete absence of air movement. This means that on both sides you need to make reliable windproof from a plastic film. Remember that this method is unacceptable during the heat insulation of wooden structures. As for the use of this material in cement-sand or concrete mixtures, the indicators of thermal insulation are inferior to modern materials.

Wrong selection of insulation. Before making the final decision, carefully analyze the characteristics of the structure, consider the materials of the manufacture of supporting structures. Another important factor - when choosing insulation, take into account the characteristics of the finishing flooring.

If work is performed without a rush and with knowledge of the case, the thermal insulation of the floor of the first floor will save the essential means in the heating period, will increase the comfort of stay in the premises.

Video - Floor insulation in the apartment on the first floor

How to insulate the floor in the apartment? Someone this question will seem strange. However, it is never relevant to anyone who lives on the first floor in a high-rise building. Walking around the cold floor is little pleasant. So the owners of such housing bike are inventing. Although all insulation for sex in the apartment has long been and repeatedly used, you just need to choose the right and correctly put it.

What insulate the floors in the apartment?

In old houses, inter-storey floors and wooden floors. True, there are such buildings more and less. However, for the owners of the apartments in such houses the theme of the insulation of the floor of the tree is very relevant.

In modern high-rise buildings, inter-storey floors and draft floor (on the first floor), concrete. This material, in contrast to the tree, is always unpleasant cold. Therefore, it is necessary to warm it.

Natural insulation

For the heat insulation of the floor in the apartment on the first floor, the ceramzite is perfect. The insulation is made from the burned clay. There are different fractions - gravel (round granules of all shades brown color), crushed stone (vitreous formations with color splashes), sand. For insulation of floors in the apartment, gravel is most often used.

Technical characteristics of clay:

• thermal conductivity is significantly higher than that of an artificial insulation, to 0.16 W / m * K (the parameter depends on the clay and the firing technology);
• water absorption - 8 - 20%;
• density - 250 - 800 kg / m 3.

Insulation can be used both for the thermal insulation of concrete inter-storey floors, and for fillings on the first floor in the apartment for a warm screed.

Artificial insulation

No matter how well clamzit was, but it's not everyone wants to mess with its laying. Therefore, it is most often done in favor of artificial insulation. Floor insulation in the apartment makes:

• mineral wool (relevant for wooden base);
• equata (suitable for wooden and concrete inter-storey floors);
• extruded polystyrene foam (penoplex) in stoves and balls;
• polyurethane foam.

Mineral wool

You can find a lot of its varieties from a variety of manufacturers (Rockvul, Knauf, Eau or Other). Usually, the insulation of floors in the apartment is recommended to carry out basalt wool. Among her technical characteristics It is worth highlighting:

• rather low thermal conductivity (up to 0.048 W / m * k);
• weak water absorption (not\u003e 2%);
• not bad vapor permeability (0.3 mg / m * h * pa);
• the complete absence of flammability (melting point - 1000 ° C);
• good soundproof properties;
• high tensile strength;
• inertia to the effects of chemical and organic solvents.

Important . Laying mineral wool on the floor in the apartment can be made independently by lags. Bilateral waterproofing is required.

Ekwata.

This heat insulation can be called environmentally friendly for humans. Equodata from waste paper with the addition of antiseptics and antipyrin is usually a boome and boric acid.

Fall asleep the insulation in the floor can be independently (installation of the lag is required). However, not knowic accurate laying technology, you can make a mistake, putting an emotion below the required density. In this case, after a while she will give a shrinkage with the formation of tangle cavities. Therefore, it is better to seek help to professionals.

Among positive qualities Equations worth noting:

• good heat and noise insulation (up to 0.041 W / m * to and 63 dB with a layer thickness of 5 cm);
• vapor permeability like mineral wool;
• low breathability.

Extruded expanded polystyrene foam

Penoplex exceeds foam plastic in many indicators. He has minimal water absorption and almost absent pair and breathability. It is stronger enough, it is comfortable in the street. It has a small proportion, easy to install (you can insulate the floor yourself).

The insulation is weakly burning and faded when the impact of open fire is stopped. Recommended for use under the concrete screed (similar to the foam) in the apartment on the first floor with the height of the ceilings from 2.7 m, as well as for the equipment "Warm floor" system.

Many technical specifications are attractive:

• thermal conductivity - 0.03 W / m * k;
• water absorption - 0.6%;
• patch permeability tends to zero;
• strength high;
• inertia to most solvents, the exception is organic.

Polyurene Foolder

The sprayed insulation for the floor wins in many indicators. The thermal conductivity of polyurethane foam is the lowest in the group of artificial insulation (from 0.019 W / m * K), water absorption, vapor permeability and the required thickness of the material sufficient for insulation are minimal.

The thermal insulation of different density (18 - 300 kg / m 3) is produced. Most of the pores at the sprayed polyurethane foam closed (up to 95% of the total). Material refers to difficulty.

Council . The insulation of floors of polyurethane foam in the apartment must be made by qualified specialists. Although one can already be found on sale disposable installations for independent work.

Floor insulation technology on the lower floor

The first floor in high-rise buildings is always on a concrete plate. It is not very convenient to insulate its clay. First of all, because quite a lot of fringe material will be required. In the second - insulation of the dust, and this is not very convenient in the residential room. And one more important moment - the insulation of the floor by clamzite can be carried out in rooms with a height of 2.7 m and above, as the required thickness of thermal insulation is at least 15 cm.

How to insulate concrete floor in the apartment? The question can be solved with the fill of the warm concrete screed and the installation of the "Electric warm floor" system. Both types of polystyrene foam in stoves, as well as foam in balls are suitable for solving such a task. The balls are added to the concrete mixture, which then poured the floor.

Special attention must be paid to the base:

1. The draft floor should be relatively smooth. Therefore, it is checked by the level and when there is a detection of significant deviations from the horizontal, the thin layer alignment of the self-leveling mixture is made.
2. After its drying, dense polyethylene is placed.
3. Top, tight to each other, foam plates. The joints are wicked by sealant.
4. After that, the reinforcing mesh is installed on special stands and filling the insulated draft floor with concrete.

The second version of insulation (it is not better and no worse than the first) - installation on concrete floor of wooden lag, laying on them waterproofing, then mineral wool matte, which close on top of steam barrier. Top plays a pinched board with a pinched board.

Summarizing said

What is better to insulate the floor in the apartment? To make a decision, you need to answer a few questions:

• How many finances will be allocated for insulation of sex.
• As planned to be carried out, independently or with the help of masters.
• Are you going to equip the "Warm Paul" system.
• Will you do additional insulation of the floor with a plug (as an finishing coating or in the form of a substrate for linoleum, laminate, parquet, carpet).

Important . When the answers were found, you can start analyzing the technical characteristics of insulation and make a choice.

The cheapest option for the floor is the foam, then the penplex is followed. Both varieties of expanded polystyrene are recommended to be laid in a concrete screed, they are also suitable for the equipment of the "Warm electric floor" system.

Mineral wool is more expensive, in the screed is not used, ideal for wood floor. Equidata is similar. Both insulation are used for thermal insulation along the lags of concrete floor.

Polyurethane foam is the lowest thermal conductivity, it does not pour into the screed. It is used for thermal insulation of any floors.

As an additional insulation, use a spectacular-looking cork coating for the floor. Walking on it is nice at any time of the year.

Paul differs from other enclosing structures by the fact that it is constantly under load from the weight of residents, furniture and equipment.

Obviously, it should be taken into account before planning in the apartment with your own hands.

In the practice of construction, foamed polymers are applied, this is an extensive group, which includes:

• polyeneetylene;
• poly Penopolipropylene, etc.

Disadvantages:

• flavoring: when burning also allocate ultraxcine smoke;
• interest from rodents: use expanded polystyrene as food.

If the floor is decided to make a concrete, then the base is better to pour out of the pure concrete, but a ceramzite-opilk or polystyrene bontoon. Then the EPPS is stacked on top.

Floor insulation technology with their own hands

The wooden floor is insulated in this order:

1. disassemble the finishing floor, exposing the lags, and inspect all the sawn timber for damage and fallen areas. If necessary, beams and boards change, not forgetting to process new wood flaky-protein;
2. to the lags on the side below nails are nails or fasten the bars with self-draws. More expensive option - attach steel corners, but more space will remain for the insulation. That is, it can be put on a thicker layer;
3. on bars or corners laid low-grade lumber - dismantle, hill or unedged board;
4. in the case of the use of mineral wool or other moisture-absorbing material, a dense polyethylene film (waterproofing) is laid. In the lumens between the lags, it is pressed, so that it concerns the unedged board. The material is placed at a wall at 10 cm;
5. place the insulation in the lumen between the lags on the laying boards. The thickness of the layer is selected so that the clearance of 20 mm remained between the heat insulator and boards;
6. in the case of the Minvata, the polyethylene is again spread again;
7. fill the boards of the first floor, so that the gap between their ends and the wall remains 1-1.5 cm. Subsequently, he will close the plinth;
8. crop the waterproofing.

Concrete floor insulation so:

• knock down the old tie;
• close up in the concrete base of the crack, eliminate other defects;
• located insulation - extruded polystyrene foam or clay. The latter is rareled by the Rule for Lighthouses;
• from above on special bumps or brick wreckage laid wire mesh (reinforcement);
• on the walls, at the level of the future tie stick to the damper tape. It will allow the screed to transform in volumes when the temperature changes without internal stresses;
• install lighthouses;
• poured the screed and smash it in the lighthouses;
• from the frozen screed, knocked out or cut the beacon. The remaining excavations are filled with mortar.

It remains to be token or other piston floors.

A lot of articles on the insulation of concrete floor were found on the Internet, where it is recommended to put a foam on the screed. This is an unsuccessful option: Penofol - foamed polyethylene, soft rolled material. It is not the fact that under load, even under the weight, the screed is flattened to 1 mm thick and stop performing its functions.

When is it necessary to insulate the floor on the 1st floor?

The insulation of the floor is resorted in the following cases, if:

• there is no basement (Paul by Soil);
• there is a unheated basement;
• floor is located above the arch;
• below is a non-residential premises: shop, hairdresser or, for example, workshop.

It is extremely necessary to heat the floors on the ground base and above the arch. In the first case, high heat loss is due to good thermal conductivity of the soil, especially clay - he keeps moisture well. In the second - draft, which is usually observed in arched openness.

If the 1st floor is located above the heated basement and the same temperature is maintained, it is pointless to insulate the floor. It is also inappropriate to do it on inter-storey floors if the residential premises is located below.

Video on the topic

How to insulate the floor in the apartment with extrusion polystyrene foam:

The lavetled floor is not only unpleasant feeling when walking barefoot, but also overpowering the heating. Therefore, it is strongly recommended to allocate funds and time for this event. They are mainly insulated with extruded or granulated polystyrene foam, and with a significant height of the ceiling - clay.

The most common heat-insulating materials include mineral wool and polystyrene foam. Recently, as an additional layer in a private house, popularity began to gain splashes

When choosing a warming material, more attention should be paid to the appointment of the room and the planned loads, since they are almost the same in the heat insulating properties.

Features of the use of mineral wool

Manufacturers produce plates designed specifically for floor insulation that have high strength. Mineral wool has the following advantages:

1. Resistance to high temperatures and fire.
2. Parry permeability.
3. Resistance to fungus, mold and other microorganisms.

It is important that mineral wool does not have high resistance to water exposure, so its use in wet premises is not recommended. When wetting, the insulation sends and loses its beneficial properties

Minvata - the material is soft, so its laying is best made between the lag so that the insulation does not take on the load.

Warming overlap from above (private case with lags)

Depending on the initial raw materials, mineral wool is divided into:

• glass;
• stone;
• slag.

When working, it is important to observe precautions: small particles of material can get into the lungs and on the skin and lead to health problems. When working with minor builders, it is necessary to provide protective clothing, gloves and masks

Types of polystyrene and its use

Option 1. Polyfoam

Option 2. Extruded expanded polystyrene

The cheapest option of the insulation in the private house on the first floor, not counting the simplest materials, such as clay, is styrofoam. It has high efficiency, resistance to moisture, but has its drawbacks:

1. If the foam in the moistened state is exposed to low temperatures, it will turn into small balls and stop performing its function.
2. The material has a sufficiently low strength, so when the floor insulation, the reinforced cement-sand tie is performed on it.
3. Polyfoam applies to moderately and weakly thorough materials and, with combustion, distinguishes substances harmful to humans.
4. It should be used in wet premises.

Many lack of insulation of foam is devoid of use extruded polystyrene foam. In appearance, it looks like a foam, but is characterized by manufacturing technology.

To advantages this material You can attribute:

1. Increased strength characteristics.
2. Long service life.
3. Zero indicators of moisture absorption.
4. With the help of special additives, manufacturers receive products related to the Fire Safety Class NG (non-combustible).

The main obstacle to the insulation of extruded polystyrene foam in a private house can be its fairly high cost. But despite this, the material is the best solution.

To reduce the cost and preservation of high characteristics, the insulation of concrete sex is used by polystyrene foam in two layers: the lower foam, the top of the extruded material. Such a decision in private construction will be the best compromise price and quality. A layer of dense extruded expanded polystyrene is taken with a thickness of 30-50 mm. The required layer of foam is desirable to choose with the help of thermal calculation. If there is no such possibility, approximately take a thickness of 70-100 mm depending on the climate of the construction site.

Thermal insulation of the concrete base of the floor

Fighting with penetrating cold start with embellishment of slots at the base. For their sealing, a mounting foam is used, it can be treated with a mix between the floor and the wall. Get rid of dampness in the apartment on the first floor will allow careful waterproofing. With high humidity, the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe floor is covered with coating or penetrating insulation. After that, a polyethylene film with a thickness of 200 microns is spilled. The edges of the canvas must enter the walls to the height of 15-20 cm. The film is stacked with overlap of adjacent strips of 10-15 cm, the joints are sealed with construction tape.

Floor insulation in the apartment can be in several ways:

• concrete screed with insulation additives: sawdust, ceramzite, perlite;
• laying of thermal insulation material on lags;
• dry screed for drying panels;
• the use of plates of polystyrene under concrete;
• warm floor system.

Arbolit or lightweight concrete from a mixture of cement and wood fillers - affordable and quality option Heat insulation. It is an eco-friendly, durable, non-combustible and durable. The lack of insulation is to increase the floor by 10 cm and the drying time up to 25 days.

The use of lag for thermal insulation will also raise the base. The work is performed in stages:

1. Wooden bars are stacked on a layer of waterproofing with 50 cm increments.
2. The insulation is placed between the guides - the ceramzite with a layer of 10-12 cm or a mineral wool with a thickness of 10 cm. The material is stacked tightly, the slots between it and lags are filled with mounting foam.
3. Polyethylene film is spilled for vapor barrier. It is fastened with brackets, joints are sampled by a special scotch.
4. Stacked the draft floor from the board or plywood.

Heat the concrete floor in a short time will allow a dry screed that does not need to dry out. On the dressing waterproofing, the grainsite of the fine fraction or sand is poured, the breed is distributed to a flat layer of 5 cm and is torn. Moisture-resistant drywall in two rows or special panels "Superfield Knauf" are laid on the insulation, the thickness of which is 20 mm. Sheets glued and processed by putty. The coating has a low thermal conductivity, protects against noise and moisture, safely and does not require wet processes. Parquet, linoleum, laminate are spilled on the dryweed.

The polystyrene is highly density and durability, it will become a reliable and warm base for the floor. Plates are placed by the rotor so that the load is uniformly distributed. The joints between them are closed by mounting foam. The material is covered with a metal reinforcing mesh and poured a layer of cement screed with a height of 5 cm.

The device of the warm floor system is the optimal option for an apartment on the first floor, it will save the room from dampness and at any time will increase the coating temperature to a comfortable level.

Here you can arrange a water, electric or film floor. The system is placed on the base, insulated by expanded polystyrene. Under it is spilled foil material reflecting the side into the room. Water and electric cable floor are stisting, and infrared film is placed under the finish coating.

We treat cold windows

The windows in Yekaterinburg apartments have been actively changed in plastic for more than 10 years. Nevertheless, as repairmen, 50-60% of the apartments are citizens, are still looking at the world with windows in a wooden frame. Wooden windows are very good from the point of view of ecology, but over time, their heat shielding characteristics may worsen. The director of the "Master for An hour" repair center, Timur Abdullayev, notices that today did not lose the relevance of the Dedovsky method of "singeling" wooden windows by ordinary cotton. Especially if the owner of the apartment occurred to the insulation of housing after the arrival of winter. When frost on the street, highlighting the wooden windows is more complicated.

Timur Abdullayev
Director of the Center for Service for An hour

The repair of a wooden window begins with the search for cold bridges - gaps and cracks. The places where they are detected, clean from dirt, if necessary, remove the paint that protracted the gap. After that, fill the cracks and gaps with a transparent sealant. It is sold in the form of "pencils". It is better to make these works to cold weather.

The repair center explained that the professional wizard will warm one window for about an hour. The cost of work will be 350-700 rubles.
Plastic windows provide better protection from cold than wooden. But only if you are in good condition.

Alexander Sukhanov
Director of the company "his own company"

Wrong installation of fittings plastic windowEspecially multiplied to the wrong exploitation, it may lead to the fact that the window will not close tightly, and attempts to locate it will only increase the slot between the frame and binding to 3-5 mm. Another problem is the destruction of the rubber seal. All of these faults can eliminate a specialist. Adjusting the plastic window costs about 300 rubles., Replacing the seal - from 110 rubles. For the temporon meter. Replacing accessories will cost in the amount of 700 to 5,000 rubles.

Problems may not be in the window itself, but in the places of its adjustment to the walls. As the master Alexey Zykov notes, on construction gta stamps, a whole range of special materials and technologies should be used when installing the window. In practice, about many elements forget.

Alexey Zykov
Director of Bin Room
The slopes are often performed by non-specialists, which consider that the mounting foam is a panacea. According to GOST, when installing the window, it is necessary, in addition to the heat insulation, ensure the waterproofing of the joint from the street side and vaporizolation from the room. If you forget about these moments, and use foam as a heat insulator, then the moisture will penetrate the wall, frame and foam, the foam will begin to collapse. As a result, we will get freezing, bad smelling, dirty slopes. The cost of full-fledged installation is about 3-4 thousand rubles. For one window. It is clear that the window firms with too democratic prices will not be able to do everything according to the rules.

If the cold air penetrates the slot between the window and the wall, then, as it was already pretended above, you can close them with a sealant. But it will be only a temporary solution. When frosts retreat, a full cycle of work on the insulation of slopes should be carried out. It will cost from 10 thousand rubles. On one window. By the way, the gaps formed under the windows can also be cured.

Timur Abdullayev
Director

It is necessary to clean the space under the window sill for 3-4 cm. Down and 4-6 cm. To the depth. The resulting groove fill foam. Only before purchasing it must be consulted in the store or with a specialist. If this method is impossible to use, it is permissible to simply close the cracks with a sealant or use sheet and roll insulation, which can be pasted on the wall under the windowsill.

Floor insulation methods in the apartment

Insulate the floors in the apartment can in several ways :

• Classical technology
• Spraying
• System "Warm floor"
• Other species

The most popular view is classic insulation. This method has already been used quite a few years, proved its effectiveness. The attractiveness of the classical technology lies in its availability. With the installation of the insulation system, you can cope on your own. A large assortment of materials makes it possible to make an ideal choice, focusing on the features of the apartment, financial opportunities.

In classical technology on a concrete screed, lags are installed for the floor. Between which maintaining thermal insulation material. The surface is covered with a foil or vapor barrier material. Then the base is created under the floor.

In the insulation of flooding flooring used polyurenitan. which foams with special Device And poured on the surface. The consistency of the material allows it to penetrate into all the slots, create an absolutely smooth surface. Liquid polyurethane foam can be pouring a layer to 10 cm, which allows you to securely protect the floor even if the apartment is located on the first floor. Material freezes quickly, the surface does not need to be isolated from moisture. Service life of polyurethane foam is large, so this warming will long perform its function. But it is impossible to immediately lay the floor covering at it, it will be necessary to create overlaps to fasten it. In addition, it is impossible to perform a spraying with your own hands. The cost of special equipment for work is high, acquire it for repairing one apartment does not make sense.

Enhance comfort in the house will allow installed system "warm floor". It can be water, to replace the design of pipes and radiators. There are electrical warm floors under laminate or linoleum, which become an additional source of heat. An innovative type of system is infrared film warm floor. It is enough to unwell under the floor covering, connect to power supply. Infrared floor consumes much less energy than an electrical system.

If in the heat loss room is minor, you can heat the floors of insonu. This is a thin material with low thermal conductivity. It is cut into the fitted strips and is glued to the floor with a tape. You can lay the laminate, wooden boards on the isolon. The material is resistant to moisture, does not require isolation.

It is possible to warm the floors with wooden plates, linoleum with a layer of thermal insulation foamed polyethylene.

Types of insulation

Polystyrene foam

Polystyrene sheets with grooves for insulation and floor alignment

Polystyrene foam, better known as foam or its modified fellow Penoplex has excellent thermal insulation properties, low weight and easy to use. There is also extruded polystyrene foam. His difference from the usual, in waterproof. If the usual polystyrene foam can absorb some amount of fluid and deform because of this when temperatures drops, its more technological appearance is almost completely waterproof. The only minus of polystyrene is in combustion.

Ceramzit

An example of different types of ceramisite used for insulation

This bulk material has an attractive price and is universal. It can be used with a dry tie of the floor or stirred with cement mortar. Also with it, you can arrange a floating screed with your own hands.

Polystyrevbeton

In contrast to the ceramisite, the polystyrene bapton requires a much smaller layer to create acceptable insulating properties. It can be placed almost everything, including tiles. In addition, it has excellent noise insulation properties. More about this material you will learn from video

Mineral wool

Mineral wool, as well as glass gamble - one of the most popular insulation, which is made in the form of tiles or rolls. Benefits can be attributed heat insulating properties, acceptable price and steam absorption. The disadvantages are a dangerous composition. When installing with your own hands, it is necessary to use respirators and avoid entering open parts of the body. Therefore, mineral wool and glass wool need careful insulation so that the dust does not penetrate the room.

Bung

Cork is used as a substrate for laminate and as insulating material

Cork material is perhaps the most expensive on our list. It is environmentally friendly, durable and moisthable. It can be used even with finishing, because in addition to its insulation properties, it looks beautifully as an finishing coating. Of the disadvantages, you can note the instability to cuts and other mechanical damage.

Ekwata.

Made on the basis of cellulose, which means it is environmentally friendly and not dangerous to health. It has high heat and noise insulation properties, but does not tolerate moisture. Therefore, it is used on sites where there is no risk of contact with moisture. Read more about the advantages and disadvantages of eco-houses, see the video

Penosop

This is liquid polystyrene foam, about all the advantages of which we talked above. The favorable difference between the liquid form of such a material, in the ability to penetrate the most uncomfortable places.

Warm floor

Electric heating floor

The installation option of the warm floor is becoming more popular. Pulls only its cost. There are several variations:

• Water;
• Electric;
• Infrared.

Water warm floor, heats up with hot water communications under the draft floor. The electric warm floor is installed also and heated by converting electricity to heat. Infrared - the most modern, easiest option and it can be laid with your own hands without attracting specialists. Thin elements of the warm floor are stacked under the finishing flooring. Only this type of floor can be implemented with their own hands, without special skills.

Warming of concrete base of chipboard or plywood

This method does not require the installation of the lag and is suitable for apartments located above the first floor. The old tie is cleaned, clean the base from dust and align. The surface is covered with polyethylene, the joints necessarily isolate the scotch. Having retreated 1.5 cm walls, chipboard or plywood sheets are tight.

From above, we fill the second layer, overlapping all the seams between the sheets of the whole web. Plates fixed with dowels, and then process joints and slots with a mixture oil paint. and putty.

After drying the seams, the remaining surface is covered with the same mixture. simple way The insulation is considered to use the flooring on the jute or felt base, as well as on the substrate of polystyrene foam. These are various types of carpet and thickened linoleum, which have a very low thermal conductivity coefficient and decorative View. Put such a coating right on concrete base, Previously cleaning and aligning the surface.

Another option - insulation isolon. On the prepared concrete surface, the izolone roll rolls, cut into a small margin so that the edges of the insulation cover the walls by 3-5 cm, and then fix the skot of the joints. After this can be started to stacking parquet or laminate.

Another option - insulation isolon

Instead of isolon often use Technical Cork Coating.

Instead of the isolon, the coating of technical traffic can often use

The most effective I. fast way The heat insulation of the floor in the apartment is spraying polyurethane foam. After such treatment, the surface becomes monolithic, very smooth and durable, does not need additional defense and waterproofing. But for self-fulfillment, this method is not suitable because it requires special equipment and knowledge. If financial capabilities allow, you can order the insulation of sex to specialists.

Video - K. aK and how to insulate the floor in the apartment

Procedure for performing operations

Understanding the process as a whole and each of its separate operation eliminates errors and speeds up the time of its implementation. Based on the selected method of insulation, phased execution The plan will look as follows if it is necessary to do external heat insulation:

• from the bottom, from the side of the basement is cleared of foreign objects of the slab of the overlap;
• the first layer of waterproofing is recorded. The method applies similar work on ceiling warming;
• the insulation is fixed;
• the structure of the waterproof material is covered by the second layer;
• a protective coating of any available materials is done to give strength.

When it was decided to carry out thermal insulation inside the apartment, then we share the two main types of work. The first is the laying of the insulation of lags. The order of work is as follows:

• dismantling of old sexual coating;
• purification from garbage, dust, oil spots and other foreign substances;
• laying waterproofing;
• placing the insulation into an inter-sales space with maximum accuracy, without cracks and gaps;
• fixation of the second waterproofing layer;
• finishing decorative float.

By purchasing mineral wool, it is worth paying attention to the packaging. In some cases, when the size of mats or slabs does not coincide with the size of the space between the lags, it is advisable to purchase a roll material, besides, it may be cheaper

The most time-consuming procedure is associated with insulation under the screed. It will be necessary to work with a solution containing water, therefore increased attention to the integrity of the waterproofing coating. Especially the top layer. In addition during the operation, the fluid in the insulation can destructively influence the materials.

The selection of thermal insulation under the screed is often done to accommodate the heating elements of the warm floor in it. It is reasonable to use a foil waterproofer or insulation. Reflective abilities of such material will perform the screen functions. The effectiveness of the seepage increases significantly.

Special attention is paid to the insulation of the balcony. The degree of its protectedness is low. The design has been submitted by carrying wall At home and is often open to the effects of precipitation, low temperatures. The stove, especially in old buildings, often thinner the main overlap. The insulation of 8-10 cm thick is recommended. Typically, the floor on the balcony below the rest of the housing area, so the increased size of the thermal insulator is noncritical and allows to output the finishing flooring on the overall level.

Despite the complexity of the insulation process, special professional skills are required from the artist. Any person with a small experience in household work can perform work.

The desire and accuracy will be the key to the successful implementation of this important event to create a healthy and comfortable environment in the apartment.

Floor Warming Technology Ceramizite

Ceramzit, despite its low cost, is capable provide effective floor insulation in the apartment. It is better to use clamzit to work. different size (from 5 to 22 mm). It will provide a good coupling with concrete and help avoid foot shrinkage.

Material has small weightBut together with the concrete tie, still gives the load on the concrete base. Therefore, starting to work, it is necessary to estimate the design features of the concrete slab and its condition. Paul insulated with clay, it is better to cover with wood.

1. Before fleeing the insulation, is carried out waterproofing. This stage of work can not be ignored, as the ceramzite absorbs moisture well, while losing its properties. Durable polyethylene film can act as a waterproofing layer. It stacked in such a way that her edges went on the walls and were higher than the level of fill. The locations of the joints are sampled by building scotch. As a result, a one-piece hermetic canvas should turn out.
2. Install lighthouses. Their goal is to help make the floor as smooth as possible, and work is fast. Making guides are recommended from a persistent and durable material, for example, from metal pipes. The first pipe is laid along the wall with some retreat. The next one goes in parallel with the opposite wall. Everything is checked by the level. The rail, laid on the pipes, will show a slope if it is available. Others are installed between these two lighthouses, taking into account the width of the rule (tool for screed alignment). Lighthouse fasteners occurs with cement, gypsum or alabaster solutions.
3. Further caratuzit falls asleep. Thickness and flatness of the layer are checked by lighthouses. The height of the insulation must be at least 10 cm. The strength of the finished design depends on this. For immobility of grain seeds during further operation, the fattened layer of the insulation is poured by a liquid solution consisting of water and cement (it is also called cement milk). Top plays reinforcing metal meshwhich helps prevent design deformation at high loads.
4. The concrete tie is poured, starting from the long corner of the room, gradually moving towards the exit.
5. During the week after the completion of the work, the design wet water. This is done to avoid cracks. After that, a wooden or artificial coating is mounted.

The insteaded floor in the apartment is unlikely to disappoint someone. He will only add accommodation atmosphere and will allow you to spend the time at home with the greatest comfort. The work done will help save on heating and will enjoy all family members.

Floor insulation

First of all, consider how to insulate the floor in the apartment. It should be noted that this procedure can be implemented in several ways.

Below are all the most efficient insulation options that can be used in a variety of situations:

Warming options	Technology
Screed over insulation	If you need to insulate the floor on the 1st floor, which is a concrete slab, then the optimal version will fill the screed over the insulation. This work is performed as follows: paul must be cleaned from garbage to subsequently damaged waterproofing; then on the floor, the waterproofing film of the Vanity is approximately 10 cm. In addition, the perimeter of the floor on the walls should be consolidated by damper tape; next, the insulation is laid on the waterproofing - polystyrene foam or mineral mats; after that, the insulation is covered with waterproofing, whose joints are glued with scotch; over the waterproofing poured the screed standard scheme. The only one, better not use the reinforcement grid, and add to the fiber solution so that in the process of reinforcement does not damage the waterproofing film.
Dry screed	If you need to insulate on the 1st floor of the wooden floor, then for these purposes it is best to use a dry tie. It is performed simple enough: wooden floor should be cleaned of paint, after which the protective composition, preventing the rotting and the occurrence of mold; then the waterproofing is as well as in the previous case; over the waterproofing, a layer of claympsite is poured on top of the waterproofing and levels; next, special sheets for a dry screed are stacked on the insulation, on top of which the finish coating is made. It must be said that this way to insulate the floor with your own hands is even easier and faster than the method described above.
Filling "warm" screed polystyrene foam	Most often people are interested in - how to warm the floor on the first floor, which winter time Usually it becomes very cold. However, the overlap of inter-floor floors can also cool very much, especially if there is no external insulation. An excellent solution in this case is a screed of polystyrene foam. It is performed according to the standard scheme, the only one, polystyrene granules as filler are added to the concrete. As a result, the coating becomes much warmer than the usual concrete.
Floor insulation on lags	In this case, the lags are pre-installed on the floor, between which the insulation is located, as shown in the photo below. This method is also quite effective, so they can be insulated the first floor floors in the apartment.

Example of floor insulation on lags

After thermal insulation, the floor can be taken over the walls.

Warming of concrete floor

In most cases, floors in the apartments of urban high-rise buildings are railway plates. The concrete floor itself is very cold, but add to this gap between the plates, there is not enough dense joints between the walls and the floor, it becomes truly ice. Therefore, the insulation of a concrete surface is a primary task for residents of multi-storey houses that seek to increase comfort in their apartments.

Each insulation master displays its formula of the perfect insulation of "pie" on concrete slabs. Consider the most popular of possible options.

Option number 1 - insulation + screed

To significantly improve the thermal insulation properties of the concrete floor by laying the insulation between the slaughter of the overlap and the cement aligning screed. In this case, the insulation of the floor in the apartment is performed as follows. The first thing is to remove the old floor covering, remove the screed. The surface of the slab is cleaned from garbage, dust, eliminate irregularities from the remnants of the cement screed.

Floor insulation in the apartment with thermal insulation material and reinforced tie

Then steam barrier. A polyethylene or polypropylene film is laid on the concrete base, laying a 15-20 cm bent bands and a 3-5 cm on the walls. Shakes of adhesion isolate with special scotch. A steamoplastic with a minimum thickness of 50 mm, a density of 25 mm, is laid on the vapor insulation film. Instead of foam plastic, polystyrene foam, mineral wool, etc. can be used. The insulation sheets are laid as close as possible to each other, so that cold bridges are not formed in the seams. After that, we latter another layer of vaporizolation. If the insulation was used foam or polystyrene foam, this step can be skipped.

Now the metal grid is placed with square cells (cell side - 50-100 mm). The grid will perform the role of a frame for a cement screed, make it more durable. On top of the grid poured a cement screed with a minimum thickness of 50 mm. A thinner screed will be unreliable - after a while she will begin to crack and crumble. Cement screed must dry, it will be needed for about two weeks. After that, to strengthen the upper layer, it is necessary to cover it with primer. After all this, any decorative coating is laid on the screed.

Option number 2 - warning for lags, without the use of wet processes

This option is similar to wood insulation. The difference is that in the thickness of the wooden floor, lags initially are provided, between which it is convenient to lay any kind of insulation. In the case of concrete floors, these lags will have to be constructed independently.

The insulation of concrete floor by lags excludes wet processes and does not waste overlap

Concrete floor insulation technology for lags:

1. The first thing is cleaned with a concrete slab from an old screed, garbage and dust.

2. Suitable waterproofing. It is convenient to take advantage of the ready-made waterproofing polymer-bitumen solutions that are applied to the surface of concrete with a roller or brush. Another option is to apply a vapor barrier film for these purposes, which is laid out on the floor of the vents, a crying for adjacent walls. If you want to save, the most acceptable material for hydro and vaporizolation will be a conventional polyethylene film.

3. Install lags at a distance of not more than 0.9 m from each other, if you take a step more, the floors will fade. Instead of lag, if it is supposed to use bulk material for insulation, metal lighthouses are fixed to the floor.

Installation of wooden lag on concrete floor

4. Place the selected insulation. Suitable as mineral wool and foam, and any variant of bulk thermal insulation materials. Insulation in the form of sheets or rolls, unfolds tightly, without cracks between lags. Bulk material (for example, clamzit) falls asleep between beacons and roll over one level with a metallic rule.

In the space between lags laid insulation

5. Fill the floor. To do this, you can use plywood sheets, GVL, OSB, chipboard with a thickness of 10-15 mm. It is safer to put them in two layers so that the seams of the lower sheets overlap the top sheets. Thus, the floor covering will be seamless, which will eliminate the possibility of cold bridges. After laying layers of sheets are connected to each other and lags (lighthouses) with the help of self-samples.

Flooring sheets of dense material (plywood, GVL, etc.) on lags

6. Any finish outdoor coating.

Laying laminate on insulated floor

In a small video, you will clearly demonstrate the process of lagham insulation:

Concrete floor

Concrete is durable and therefore very often used as overlap. However, this material is very cold. Therefore, in those houses where it is used, careful thermal insulation is needed on the first floors. Otherwise, any heating will not be able to warm properly.

the first floor of the apartment owners should do with waterproofing, since dampness is often formed in the basement, as a result of which the mold will appear on the walls without the relevant work.

Instructions for work

Start the process from the preparation of the base. To do this, it is necessary to remove all the coating and check the plates for the presence of slots, chips and cracks. If there are defects, they are eliminated by a special mortar based on concrete or cement. After the surface is frozen, it is treated with a special impregnation that strengthens the layer.

Next, we should make waterproofing. It is quite suitable plastic film. It should go to the walls of about fifteen - twenty centimeters. Could cope with the task and special primer of deep penetration.

For mounting the insulation, the frame is made. For this, the bars are placed, and under them - pieces of rubberoid. Lags are put on bars, and the whole design is attached to concrete.

After that, you can set the bulk insulation one or part with a liquid option. On top of it in the cavity of the design lay mineral wool. You can also use foam or other material.

Then the film is stacked, an insulating pair that is fastened with brackets to lagas.

Ends the process of installation of roughing floor. Depending on the type of finish coating, it can be made of boards or thick plywood.

Selection of thermal insulation material

Designing the insulation of the ground floor concrete floor in an apartment or a country house, one should take into account the features of existing thermal insulation materials:

• Vaporizoation;
• Thermal conductivity;
• Density;
• Cost.

For identical conditions in construction, there are always several technical solutions. A variant is selected with a rational combination of the construction budget, the stock of reliability and operational resources, taking into account the requirements of the developer and real project conditions.

Compatibility with concrete and wood

Before heating the concrete floor in the apartment on their own, it is necessary to take into account the following nuances:

• the necessary rise in the level of the finishing floor coating;
• the presence of heat-insulated contours and its design (electric, water, film);
• characteristics of used structural materials.

To eliminate the heat loss of the lower floor, foamed polymers are not considered in principle. Materials are most in demand for these purposes:

ceramzit - a bulk product with a sufficiently high thermal conductivity, so it must be covered with a rigid sheet material inside one design;

Ceramzite sand.

mineral wool - glass and basalt modifications, have hydrophobicity, so they are better not to fit into screeds, but this is the optimal option for laying between wooden floor lags;

polystyrene foam - not suitable in wooden floors due to low vapor permeability, but withstand high loads and not wedge inside the screeds;

foamglass - characteristics and scope of material similar to polystyrene foam plates;

Foamglass.

eco-tailed - not used in the screed, suitable only for wooden flooring on lags.

Important! Specific insulation should be considered only in the complex with their laying technology. Since for some finish flooring, exclusively screeds are suitable, and for others - Wooden draft floor

Layer thickness

Heaters have unequal thermal conductivity, which affects the layer thickness to eliminate the same heat loss. For the materials under consideration, this characteristic is:

The thermal conductivity of all the indicated insulation, with the exception of clay, is about the same, the operational properties differ. For example, Equata is considered the only effective means against mice, in all other thermal insulators these rodents or moves, or settle families.

When choosing a clamzite, a large layer will be required to insulate the floor in the apartment with your own hands to the level of other materials. However, this bulk product is used in dry tie, therefore it is considered along with the rest.

Wood-based heat insulation method

The insulation of a wooden base consists in filling the space between the lags of the heat-insulating material. In the process of work, the following materials will be needed:

• insulation;
• polypropylene film;
• scotch;
• sheets of plywood or boards.

The amount of insulation is calculated so that the material tightly filled the space between the bars, and the vapor insulation film must be taken with a margin, because its edges should enter the walls throughout the perimeter of the room. In addition, if mineral wool is used, the film should be labeled from below and on top of the insulation. For installation it is necessary to prepare tools:

• nail holder;
• a hammer;
• building level;
• roulette;
• scissors or sharp knife;
• construction stapler;
• screwdriver.

Dismantling of an old coating

Start working with the dismantling of an old coating. With the help of the nail, the boards are removed, the space between the lags is purified from garbage and dust.

Dismantling of an old coating

It is necessary to check all the lags for strength, otherwise the new coating may bend.

Waterproofing

If bars B. complete order, you can proceed to laying waterproofing. The film must completely cover the base and enter the walls of approximately 5 cm. If a whole piece is not enough, the film is placed on a 15 cm film, and then seal the joints with scotch. It is impossible to pull the film strongly, otherwise it breaks up during the installation of the insulation. For convenience, the edge of the film is fixed on the walls of the stapler.

The film must fully cover the base and enter the walls of approximately 5 cm

Heat insulation

The next step is to lay the heat insulating material. The foam is cut into the slices of the desired width and firmly laid between the bars. If mineral wool is used, the width of pieces should be 2-3 cm more than the distance between the lags, then the insulation will fill the space as much as possible. The crumples or chips are poured on the film and roll over the rule so that the layer thickness does not exceed 20 cm. After that, the surface is checked and removed the protruding parts.

The next step is to lay the heat insulating material

Installation of the second layer of waterproofing and roughing

The final stage is the laying of the second layer of waterproofing and roughing. The film is also laid in the same way, the seams are sanging with a scotch. For a rough floor, you can use a thick paneur, boards, chipboard. Pre-material is treated with a primer mixture of deep penetration and dried. Fasten the base with self-draws or nails to lags, trying not to damage the insulation.

The final stage is the laying of the second layer of waterproofing and roughing

How to insulate the wooden floor

Wood has less thermal conductivity than concrete, but on the first floor and it seems cold and wet. Before removing the coating boards, you need to select the insulation. Usually the basalt wool is taken, it preserves warmly, absorbs the noise, does not rot and does not attract rodents, it is safe for fire.

Ceramzite - natural bulk material for thermal insulation, it has a small weight and affordable price, quickly and just fit. It is possible to use polystyrene foam, the material is durable, resistant to moisture and loads, but its cost is higher than the remaining insulation.

The process of isolation of a wooden base consists of several stages:

1. The boards are removed and inspected if they are in good condition, they are returned to place after all the work.
2. The treatment of wooden lags by antiseptic is carried out.
3. The waterproofing can be sprinkled with a wall at a wall to 20 cm. All lags are wrapped with a film.
4. A rolled basalt wool can be tightly unfolded between the bars or grazit is poured. The height of the insulation does not reach the top of the lag by 5 mm.
5. The laid material is covered with a vapor insulating film so that moisture from the apartment does not hit it.
6. Screwplates are nailed to lags.

Properly performing heat and waterproofing of the floor in the apartment, you will for a long time for the moisture and cold.

Selection of insulation

Insulation used for the heat insulation of floors, by origin is:

• shabby (eco-tree, plywood);
• polymer (foam, foaming);
• minerals (minvat, cement solutions, ceramzite);
• silicate (glass wool).

The decision, which species of the insulation material to choose depends on various factors. For example, some of them better insulate the wooden floor, others are not suitable for such a base, and others can be used for any surfaces.

It is also worth paying attention to the thickness of the insulation, which is sometimes capable of significantly reduce the height of the room. . Mineral wool and fiberglass insulation

Mineral wool and fiberglass insulation

Possessing good heat and sound insulation parameters, mineral and glass wool allow you to warm the structures from any material. In addition, work on their installation does not require special skills. And the service life and of the other insulation reaches 50 years. Minvata and fiberglass are often used for thermal insulation using lags, as well as styling under the draft floor.

Among the disadvantages of materials can be noted:

• relatively high thickness;
• low mechanical strength;
• high water absorption. Moreover, the Minvata has 2 times more compared with glass gamble.

Penoplex or polystyrene foam

For polymeric materials such as expanded polystyrene and fasteners are characteristic:

• high heat insulating properties;
• affordable cost;
• long service life.

They are well suited to ensure the insulation of floors above the cellars or cold soils. Although there are also a number of disadvantages - the impossibility of using the wooden floor without preliminary preparation, increased flammability and fragility. In addition, moisture getting into the appearance on the surface of materials of mold and fungi, so after installing polystyrene foam or inferno, it must be carefully protected by additional waterproofing.

Polyurethane foam application

Spray thermal insulation can be attributed to the most modern methods of insulation of structures. It is suitable for mounting on any surface types, including wooden, concrete and even covered floor.

And even for such a insulation, the device of steam and waterproofing is not required. The disadvantages of the method is too high cost and material itself, and performing work (which will not work with your own hands), and further finishing its surface.

Hydrochlorian insulation

Plates of gypsum, which are also called a "dry tie", are a universal technology for the minimum increase in its thickness (up to 25 mm).

At the same time, a smooth coating is obtained, compatible with any finishing finishes, including electric floors.

Another advantage of the choice of this method is the high speed of work - up to 5 square meters. m per hour.

And from flaws can be called:

• relative high cost;
• the impossibility of an independent device.

Heat insulation by clay

One of the most inexpensive means of insulation is to lay on top of the ceramic overlap. This material protects well from the cold, and absorbing moisture, it does not lose heat insulating abilities.

At the same time, to ensure sufficient insulation, a large thickness of the insulation layer is required - up to 20 cm.

Self-leveling floors

It is possible to make the room warmer and with the help of bulk floors - special mixtures for alignment and insulation. They are used in cases where it is required to provide a minimum increase in thickness (up to 50 mm) of a concrete structure.

At the same time, the heat-insulating properties in such floors are lower than most of the other materials, and they will not work them with their own hands without experience.

Step-by-step instruction of floor insulation on the first floor of a frame house

Warming is done on the rough floor of the scraping of boards. Wooden beams, the distance between them is about 50-60 cm. The specific values \u200b\u200bare selected taking into account the maximum loads and thickness of the pic floodplain. Mineral wool is used for insulation.

Chernovaya Pol

Step 1. Place vaporizoation on the lags and draft floor. Carefully read the designations on the material, lay it in the desired position, otherwise the moisture will not be removed from the space under the floor. The rough side skips pairs, it should always be addressed to the mineral wool. The manufacturer's logo is applied on this side.

Laying vaporizolation. Fastening stapler

The fact is that in the winter period of time, the dew point is located in the thickness of mineral wool. If it has high humidity, the steam is condensed, the wool wet and catastrophically loses its heat shielding properties. Parosolation allows moisture to gradually leave, which warns the appearance of condensate.

Some inexperienced builders in order to save materials cut vaporizolation into small pieces for laying them between two lags. Professionals do not recommend flowing thus for several reasons. First, the time of work is much increased. It is necessary to measure the width of each site, cut off the vaporizolation and fix it with brackets throughout the perimeter. Secondly, theoretically, the overall savings do not exceed several centimeters, which will not affect the cost of materials. And in practice, due to errors during circumcision, it turns out not savings, but an increase in flow.

Step 2. Place thermal insulation between lags. You can use both rolled and pressed views. During laying, do not leave skips. You can always cut off with a reserve, during the edge laying should be tightly pressed to wooden structures. If insulation is two layers, then be sure to overlap the joints of the first.

The first layer of Minvati is laid

The second layer of Minvati is laid. Joints of the plates of two layers should not coincide

Step 3. On top of the insulation, put the vapor insulation material, taking into account the above-described tips, secure it with a stapler. Parosolation necessarily raise on the walls, take all measures to protect your wool from moisture.

Laying vaporizolation on top of Minvati

Connection of vapor insulation clutch with double-sided scotch

Step 4. Quote to the lags of a 2-3 cm lags. They are needed to create between the floor and layer of the insulation of the ventilation gaps, otherwise the board will not sleep, which is very negatively affecting the time of operation of the structure.

Important. Do not forget about the inserts of vaporizolation, the width of the overlap is at least 10 cm. The joints are recommended to cry with scotch.

Reiki can be fixed with self-drawing or ordinary smooth nails. The length of hardware should be at least 30% exceeding the thickness of the regions. Nails are under a small angle, it will eliminate the likelihood of their splitting.

There are recommendations for eliminating steam into the holes of hardware to put the butyl rubber tape under the rails. This is an expensive material, to save money, the ribbon is cut into small pieces and glued only to the places of pivoting nails. In order not to be mistaken, labels are made on the front surface of the rails. If you want, you can fulfill these recommendations. But experienced builders at such events do not lose time. The fact is that the rake is tightly pressed against the lags, due to this hole in vaporizolation seal, there is no need to engage in additional operations.

Butyl achel tape is glued on the rail

Fastening the Railways

Fixed rails

On this work on the heat insulation of the floor of the first floor of a wooden house, it is completed, you can start a catering. Here are the options a great set, it all depends on your wishes and opportunities.

Boards gender

The master gluits a butyl rubber tape on the boards

So that there were no cracks between the boards, nourish a small bar to the rail, insert wedges and bother them with a hammer, after which they fix the floor board to the rake or lag

Fixing the floorboard

Cement insulation

Laying of mineral wool for insulation of the floor of the basement

If the apartment is on the first floor, then, most likely under it there is a basement. An obvious solution when heating the floor will repair the basement, if there is no need to repair the apartment inside the apartment. In this case, the big plus will be the fact that the floor in the apartment will not rise, and also, if the repair has already been made, then you do not have to open the floor and redo the reservoir. When insulating from the basement, there is no need for a neat finishing, which makes it possible to perform work with your own hands, even inexperienced builder.

As a material for such a repair, the usual polystyrene foam or mineral wool is best suited, but its installation is more laborious and the price is higher.

• At the first stage, you need to find floor plans, and make the markup, around the perimeter of your apartment. It is better to do with a reserve, so that the insulation area is out of several centimeters beyond the boundaries of the walls.
• Then conduct surveys of the basement walls. Most likely, they will be cracks and chips, and maybe there are holes. They should be treated cement solutions or simple mounting foam.
• The first layer passes vapor barrier, on the construction glue or scotch. Polyethylene is used as a material. The joints should be tightly stuck with scotch.
• Then the frame of the tree is constructed or aluminum profiles For fastening the insulation.
• Next, laying of insulating material. If using polystyrene foam, then it is mounted in the frame and is fixed with special dowels with a wide plastic cap as shown in the photo below.

Foam Fastening Scheme Dowels

If your choice fell on mineral wool, lags from a bar are installed on the ceiling, with a step less on 5cm than the width of the insulation so that the wool is more dense. The last step of repair will be installed on top of the insulation on the lags of plywood sheets, for greater reliability.

Laying the wall extreme

According to Yekaterinburg builders, the methods described above, the methods of liquidation of cold bridges, almost always give the necessary result - heat becomes warm in the apartment. But sometimes the wall leaving on the street has to be insulated truly. In apartment buildings, it is possible to close the outer wall with the insulation only from the inside - from the side of the apartment. Can be used polystyrene foam, minorvatu, glasswater, eco-art, foam glass, liquid ceramics, cork wallpaper and polystyrene wallpaper with thermal insulation properties.

However, according to the observation of the executive director of the company "Pro Service" Alexei Rylova, some of the above insulation should be used carefully. Wall insulation on the inside leads to the fact that the main wall, cut off with the insulation from the room, is cooled stronger than before

This leads to a displacement of the dew point closer to the inner surface of the wall. The dew point is a zone inside the wall having a temperature at which pairs in the pores of brick or concrete turns into water. After installing the insulation, the dew point can go to interior surface The main wall or even to be inside the insulation layer. The blotch will begin, mushroom can start, the moisture will suffer drywall, which is closed by a layer of thermal insulation.

According to Alexei Rylov, the use of minvati and similar materials is a surrogate solution. It is more correct to increase the mass of the wall, covering it from the inside the warm plaster. Even the centimeter her layer gives a good result. Practice shows that warm plaster Without special technical triggers, you can apply a layer to 3 cm.

Alexey Zykov
Director of Bin Room
Here is a way I use personally. On the wall we apply a hydrophobe type "Penetron", "Penecrit", etc. It absorbs into concrete to 0, .4 meters. In fact, we recorded the dew point. Next, we warm the wall with mineral wool density 150 and a thickness of at least 50 mm. Catch is closed by plasterboard in 2 layers. Another case of insulation - with a gap of 5 mm. From the main wall I mount the wall from the blocks from the foam glass and put the plaster under the grid on it.

Wall insulation with drywall and minvati will cost about 800 rubles. per square. m. Including 500 rubles. - cost of work, 300 rubles. - Materials. Approximately the same will cost insulation using cork mats: 400 rubles. Cost of Mata and 400 rubles. - Alignment of the wall by plaster.

Those who are afraid of problems with the dew point, builders are advised to mount on the wall (under the layer of finishing) film warm floor. It will warm the wall and move the dew point closer to the street. Washed walls will be able to avoid, but payment for it will be an increase in electricity costs. In addition, this wall can not be driven by a nail.

As an alternative to warm floors, Alexey Zykov proposes to use compact infrared heatersdirected on the cold wall. This method of insulation of the wall can realize any apartmentmaker without attracting a construction team.