At what phase of the moon does a lunar eclipse occur? What is a solar and lunar eclipse? In what phase can a lunar eclipse be observed

Almost every year there are at least two full moons when this strange phenomenon occurs - an eclipse of the moon. A lunar eclipse is the partial or total obscuration of the moon by a shadow or other celestial body. In principle, exactly the same definition applies to a solar eclipse. But a solar eclipse occurs when the moon projects its disk onto the disk of the sun and blocks out the sunlight coming to earth. And a lunar eclipse, in scientific terms, is the immersion of the Moon in the cone of the Earth's shadow (the Earth is on the line connecting the Sun and the Moon). In this case, the brightness of the lunar disk is greatly reduced. Depending on which part of the Earth's shadow cone the Moon passes through, a lunar eclipse can be total (the Moon is completely immersed in the Earth's shadow), partial (in the maximum phase of the eclipse, only part of the Moon's disk is immersed in the Earth's shadow) and penumbral (the Moon passes only through penumbra of the Earth). The duration of an eclipse is usually several hours.

Moon eclipse can only happen on a full moon. Eclipses occur cyclically: the lunar one occurs in the interval of fourteen days before or after the solar one.
A lunar eclipse can be observed anywhere on Earth where the Moon is above the horizon. However, it is better not to do this.

It is no coincidence that even in ancient times, eclipses were signs or harbingers of terrible events. Even the names of this phenomenon reflected the attitude towards it. Eastern sages called the nodes of the lunar orbit "points of the Dragon": the ascending, North node - the Dragon's Head, the descending, South node - the Dragon's Tail. Such names were adopted because people believed: during an eclipse, the Sacred Dragon devours the Sun and the Moon in turn. And this clearly cannot testify to something good, on the contrary, it only portends numerous disasters. The greatest astronomers of China and Babylon, who paid great attention to the prediction and interpretation of lunar eclipses, agreed with this.

Sometimes we, with our rationalism, do not accept this ancient approach. But one should not test Fate once again. After all, the lunar eclipse is not without reason one of the most adverse factors in human life. That is why so much attention is paid to him when interpreting a personal horoscope. The eclipse has a bad effect on health, on current affairs, and even for life. However, the latter takes place when a person was conceived or born in a lunar eclipse. Birth on the day of an eclipse is considered a fatal sign. Although it does not at all mean that a person is destined to be a chronically ill and loser. But it will be harder for him to cope with life's difficulties. By the way, astrologers have long noticed a curious pattern. There is a so-called Saros cycle. It is equal to 18.5 years. So, if a person was born on a lunar eclipse, all the most important life events will happen to him through this period of time. And these events can be similar. For example, a person marries at 18–19 years old, and if he gets divorced later, the next time he will marry is when he is 37–38 years old.

In addition, every time a lunar eclipse affects the events that are happening to us now or will happen in the near future, as well as our health. But you can protect yourself as much as possible from negative impacts. What needs to be done for this?

Moon eclipse can show in people a tendency to depression and psychological instability, which threatens to commit rash acts, which will later be regretted.
Directly on the day when the eclipse should occur, two days before and two days after, do not start new business. Moreover, do not commit any fateful deeds. This is the wrong time to live important decisions and events. The reason is that the lunar eclipse amplifies the negative vibration factors of the day. Even if these negative factors are small, under the influence of the eclipse they can become uncontrollable. About three months after the eclipse, you will reap the first "fruits". But remember the cycle of Saros: if you did something on this day, then the echoes of events can come back to haunt you in almost twenty years. Therefore, in addition to serious decisions, one should not do anything that can harm other people. This is the time when we are responsible for our every action.

If you follow the example of the ancient sages and wonder what events a lunar eclipse portends, you can find out. To do this, you need to take into account the degree in which the lunar eclipse occurs (and it occurs every time in a certain degree). This factor is easy to find out if you follow the news of astrology and know what is happening in the sky. Therefore, if you become aware that, for example, an eclipse will occur at the 20th degree of Scorpio, just look at what such a situation portends.

A lunar eclipse occurs exclusively during the full moon phase and can only be observed over half of the earth's territory when the moon is above the horizon. The moon serves as a symbol of the soul, emotions, and the ability to adapt to external circumstances. That is why it is so important to know what to do and what not to do during the period of such a phenomenon.

Lunar eclipse - what is it?

A lunar eclipse is the period when the Moon completely enters the cone of the shadow cast by the Earth. The moon does not have its own light, but its surface is able to reflect the sun's rays, so at night it always illuminates the dark road. During a shadowy dimming, our satellite turns red, which is why this phenomenon is often called a blood moon. It can be complete, when the shadow completely covers the Moon, or partial, when the Moon partially enters the Earth's shadow, one part of it remains dark, and the other is illuminated by the rays of the sun.

How is a lunar eclipse different from a solar eclipse?

During solar eclipse, the satellite completely or partially covers the solar disk. During a lunar eclipse, the Moon falls partially or completely into the cone-shaped shadow cast by the Earth, and instead of a bright disk, people see a dull reddish cloud. From an astronomical point of view, during a solar eclipse, the satellite comes between the Earth and the Sun, blocking the Earth's sunlight, meaning the Earth receives all the power of the Moon. With a shadowy dimming, the Earth becomes between the Sun and the Moon, it weakens the energy of the satellite, blocks the flow of solar energy to it.

There are certain conditions for the occurrence of lunar eclipses:

1. The Earth constantly casts a cone-shaped shadow from sunlight, this is because the Sun is larger in size than the Earth. The satellite must pass in the shadow part of the Earth.
2. For a blackout to occur, the moon must be in the phase of the full moon; during the new moon, the phenomenon is impossible.

In one year, a total lunar eclipse can occur no more than three times. A full cycle of lunar eclipses repeats itself every eighteen years, and if the weather conditions are good, you will definitely be able to observe such a phenomenon. You can observe it with the naked eye, and the chances of seeing such a phenomenon are much greater than the solar one, because it repeats much more often.

How does a lunar eclipse happen?

During a lunar eclipse, the disk of the satellite begins to gradually darken. When the entire visible surface of the satellite is already engulfed in shadow, as numerous descriptions of a lunar eclipse show, the dark disk changes color from light yellow to red-brown. This color provides valuable scientific data on the state of the atmosphere. He often caused bad associations and influenced the course of historical events. For example, in 1504 he helped the expedition of Christopher Columbus to get provisions from the local Indians.

Causes of a lunar eclipse

Eastern sages learned why a lunar eclipse occurs. This phenomenon happens on a full moon. During this period, the Sun, the satellite and the Earth are in a certain order in this straight line. Even if the Earth completely blocks the light of the Sun from the surface of the satellite, it can still be seen. Earth's atmosphere refracts sunlight and indirectly illuminates the moon. And the Moon acquires such a mysterious shade, because earth atmosphere transparent to red light. Clouds and dust particles can change the color of the satellite.

In what phase can a lunar eclipse be observed?

The phase of the moon is the illumination of the satellite by sunlight, which changes periodically. Depending on the conditions of illumination of the Moon by the Sun, there are several phases:

• full moon;
• waning moon;
• new moon;
• Waxing Crescent.

A lunar eclipse is only possible on a full moon. The longest duration of such a phenomenon can be 108 minutes. There are cases when the satellite is not visible at all, but the phenomenon can be observed wherever it is above the horizon. Shady dimming accompanies solar. So, for example, if there was a solar eclipse during the New Moon phase, expect a total lunar eclipse on one of the next full moons.

Types of lunar eclipses

There are three types of dimming of the night star:

1. Complete. It can only occur on a full moon when the moon passes through the center of the Earth's total shadow.
2. Partial lunar eclipse when the shadow from the Earth darkens a small part of the Moon.
3. Penumbral. The full or partially illuminated part of the Moon passes through the penumbra of the Earth.

How does a lunar eclipse affect people?

Since the Moon is considered a symbol of his subconscious, a celestial phenomenon can cause mental imbalance and increased emotionality. During the period of such a phenomenon in society, an occurrence is possible. Most of all, people born on a lunar eclipse are susceptible to this, which is manifested by hysteria, crying, whims. Everything that a person has accumulated inside himself on a subconscious level breaks out. During a shadow blackout, a person is not guided by reason, but by feelings.

There are a number of people who are most susceptible to the harmful effects of blackout:

1. Hypertension, increased risk of heart disease vascular system. Eliminate physical activity.
2. Mentally unhealthy people. This phenomenon is called "Eclipse of the soul", all because the subconscious part triumphs over the conscious, which is why many become overly emotional.
3. People who have previously been hypnotized.

Lunar eclipse - interesting facts

In ancient times, people did not know that blackouts were common and were very frightened when they saw a blood red spot. All because at that time science was not yet so developed, the heavenly body seemed to narrow-minded people something unusual, mythical. But although science has already figured out the cause of such a phenomenon, there are various Interesting Facts about the lunar eclipse:

1. Earth is the only place in solar system where you can see this phenomenon.
2. Although a penumbral lunar eclipse occurs every eighteen years, there are people who have never seen such an event, because of their bad luck. For example, Canadian astronomer J. Campbell was unable to see the phenomenon due to bad weather.
3. Numerous studies by scientists have confirmed the fact that after 600 million years the satellite will move away from the Earth so much that it will no longer cover the Sun.
4. The shadow from the satellite moves at a speed of 2 thousand kilometers per second.

> Lunar eclipse

What's happened moon eclipse: characteristics of the phenomenon and its essence, formation scheme, lunar eclipse calendar, full, partial, penumbral with photo, how to observe.

In fact, an eclipse is the complete or partial obscuration of one object in the sky by another. In this way, moon eclipse- this is the immersion of the moon in the cone of the earth's shadow. In this case, our planet is located on a line between the center of the Moon and the center of the Sun. The phenomenon occurs with a serious decrease in the brightness of the moon's disk.

Objects in space move, so the displacement of the shadow across the lunar surface creates the phases of the moon during an eclipse. It is customary to distinguish penumbral (the Moon plunges only into the penumbra of the Earth), partial (at the peak of the eclipse, only part of the lunar disk plunges into the Earth's shadow) and total (the lunar disk completely enters the Earth's shadow) lunar eclipses. That is, by understanding the level of the Moon's immersion in the Earth's shadow, you can understand what kind of lunar eclipse you are looking at. Observations of such phenomena can be carried out in any corner of the world where the Moon is located above the horizon. The average duration of an eclipse is several hours.

As stated above, lunar eclipses only occur on a full moon. If we imagine that the Moon revolves around our planet in the same plane in which the Earth revolves around the Sun, then observers could admire lunar eclipses every full moon. However, the plane of the lunar orbit is at an angle of 5˚ to the plane of the ecliptic, so moon eclipse occurs only if the moon approaches the nodes of its orbit. The entry of the full moon and new moon into the zone of the lunar nodes makes lunar and solar eclipses related.

Lunar eclipse calendar

Lunar eclipse calendar indicates the dates and year of future lunar eclipse events. You can see what would be the best field of view on Earth, indicating the point of maximum phase and the area of ​​distribution of the lunar eclipse. In addition, you can see the dates of past and future lunar eclipses, where the frequency and interval between eclipses is noticeable.

Lunar eclipses 2014
date eclipses	Eclipse Peak	Saros	Type of lunar eclipse 2014	Area of ​​the best visibility of the eclipse. Duration
	07:46:48 GMT (UT)			Australia, Pacific, America Eclipse duration: 3 hours 35 minutes
	10:55:44 GMT (UT)

Lunar eclipses 2015
date eclipses	Eclipse Peak	Saros	Type of lunar eclipse 2015	Area of ​​the best visibility of the eclipse. Duration
	12:01:24 GMT (UT)			Asia, Australia, Pacific, America Eclipse duration: 3 hours 29 minutes
	02:48:17 GMT (UT)			East Pacific, Americas, Europe, Africa, West Asia Eclipse duration: 3 hours 20 minutes

Lunar eclipses 2016
date eclipses	Eclipse Peak	Saros	Type of lunar eclipse 2016	Area of ​​the best visibility of the eclipse. Duration
	11:48:21 UT			Asia, Australia, Pacific, Americas West
	18:55:27 UT			Europe, Africa, Asia, Australia, Western Pacific

Lunar eclipses 2017
date eclipses	Eclipse Peak	Saros	Type of lunar eclipse 2017	Area of ​​the best visibility of the eclipse. Duration
	00:45:03 UT			America, Europe, Africa, Asia
	18:21:38 UT		Partial lunar eclipse	Eclipse duration: 1 hour 55 minutes

Lunar eclipses 2018
date eclipses	Eclipse Peak	Saros	Type of lunar eclipse 2018	Area of ​​the best visibility of the eclipse. Duration
	13:31:00 UT			Asia, Australia, Pacific Ocean, Northwest America Eclipse duration: 1 hour 16 minutes
	20:22:54 UT			South America, Europe, Africa, Asia, Australia Eclipse duration: 1 hour 43 minutes

Lunar eclipses 2019
date eclipses	Eclipse Peak	Saros	Type of lunar eclipse 2019	Area of ​​the best visibility of the eclipse. Duration
	05:13:27 UT			Pacific Ocean, America, Europe, Africa Eclipse duration: 1 hour 02 minutes
	21:31:55 UT		Partial lunar eclipse	South America, Europe, Africa, Asia, Australia Eclipse duration: 2 hours 58 minutes

Lunar eclipses 2020
date eclipses	Eclipse Peak	Saros	Type of lunar eclipse 2020	Area of ​​the best visibility of the eclipse. Duration
	19:11:11 UT			Europe, Africa, Asia, Australia
	19:26:14 UT			Europe, Africa, Asia, Australia
	04:31:12 UT			America, southeast Europe, Africa
	09:44:01 UT			Asia, Australia, Pacific, America

Lunar eclipse: basic concepts

Incredibly beautiful cosmic phenomenon that is observed a large number of people, but in the description there may be not entirely clear terms and phases familiar to astronomy. Let's study them carefully. Also remember what conditions are needed for the onset of a lunar eclipse when the Blood Moon appears and how this is affected by the distance of the satellite from the Earth.

Occurs at the moment when the moon is completely immersed in shadow space. The total phase of the eclipse lasts up to 1.5 hours, then the edge of the Moon appears again in the field of view.

An eclipse occurs at the moment when the moon is immersed in the shadow of only one edge, and part of its surface remains illuminated.

Around the cone of the Earth's shadow there is a space where the Earth only partially obscures the Sun. In the event that the Moon crosses the penumbra region, but does not plunge into the shadow, a penumbral eclipse is noted. At this point, the moon's brightness slightly weakens. It is almost impossible to notice it with the naked eye. And only during the period when the Moon is approaching the cone of full shadow in a clear sky, you can see a slight darkening from one edge of the Moon.

The moment of greatest eclipse is an event that is characterized by the smallest distance between the axis of the Moon's shadow cone and the center of our planet. The point of greatest eclipse is the area of ​​the earth's surface where the maximum phase of the eclipse can be observed at the moment of the greatest eclipse.

The essence of the lunar eclipse

The minimum distance from the surface of our planet to the Moon is about 363 thousand kilometers. At the same time, the size of the shadow that the Earth is capable of creating at such a distance is approximately 2.5 times larger than the diameter of the Moon itself. Therefore, it is able to completely close the moon. An eclipse occurs when the Moon enters the cone of the Earth's shadow. If the shadow completely covers the lunar disk, a total lunar eclipse occurs. This process is clearly demonstrated by the diagram of a lunar eclipse.

In that part of the earth's surface where the Moon is above the horizon, it is possible to observe a lunar eclipse, and from any point its appearance will be the same. From the other half the globe the eclipse is not visible. Scientists have calculated that the maximum duration of one total lunar eclipse can be 108 minutes. Eclipses like this don't happen very often. The last long eclipses were observed on 08/13/1859 and 07/16/2000.

The degree of shadow coverage of the lunar surface at each moment of time is called the phase of the lunar eclipse. Zero phase is calculated as the ratio from the center of the moon to the center of the shadow cast by the earth. The astronomical values ​​of zero and phase are calculated for each moment of a lunar eclipse.

When the shadow of the Earth partially covers the Moon, it is called a partial eclipse. At the same time, part of the lunar surface is covered with a shadow, and part is illuminated by the sun's rays or remains in partial shade.

The area of ​​\u200b\u200bspace where our planet does not completely obscure the sun's rays, located along the perimeter of the cone of the cast shadow, is called penumbra. If the Moon does not go into shadow, but only falls into the penumbra region, then this phenomenon is called a penumbral eclipse. At the same time, the brightness of the Moon slightly decreases, which is almost imperceptible to the naked eye. Only at the moment of the passage of the Moon near the main cone of total shadow, there is a slight darkening on one side of the lunar disk. A penumbral eclipse can be observed using special instruments.

Since at the moment of a total eclipse the Moon is illuminated exclusively by rays that have passed through the upper layer of the atmosphere, depending on its state, the lunar disk becomes reddish or brownish in color. The difference in color can be traced by comparing pictures of lunar eclipses from different years.

For example, during the eclipse of 07/06/1982, the Moon had a reddish hue, and during the eclipse of 01/01/2000 it was slightly brownish. There are no blue or green solar eclipses because the Earth's atmosphere tends to scatter red rays to a greater extent.

Total lunar eclipses can vary in both color and brightness. To determine it, a special scale has been developed, which was named after the famous French astronomer Andre Danjon. The gradation of this scale has 5 divisions:

• zero division means the darkest eclipse, when the Moon is barely visible in the sky;
• one means a dark gray eclipse, when some details become visible on the lunar surface;
• a deuce indicates a grayish eclipse with a brownish tint;
• a light reddish-brown eclipse is indicated by a three;
• at the last brightest fourth type of eclipse, the moon becomes copper-red, during it, with the naked eye, you can see all the main details on the surface of the lunar disk.

If the Moon's orbit were in the plane of the ecliptic, then lunar eclipses, as well as solar eclipses, would be observed monthly. But, due to the fact that the Moon spends more time above or below the plane of the Earth's orbit, it falls into the shadow only twice a year. The angle of inclination of the plane of the lunar orbit with respect to the orbit of our planet is 5 degrees. Therefore, at the moments when the Moon is located in a straight line between the Earth and the Sun, an eclipse occurs. At the new moon, the moon blocks the sunlight, and at the full moon, it falls into the shadow of the earth.

It happens that the interval between solar and lunar eclipses is small. At least 2 lunar eclipses can occur every year. Due to the fact that the lunar and earth orbits are in different planes, the phases of eclipses may differ. Moreover, eclipses of the same phase are repeated with a certain periodicity. This period is called saros and is 6585⅓ days (18 years 11 days and 8 hours). Thus, knowing the time of the previous eclipse, it is possible to determine with an accuracy of up to a minute when exactly the same next eclipse will occur in a particular area.

Such cyclicity is often used in determining the date and time of certain historical events described in old sources. The first total eclipse was described in ancient Chinese chronicles. Having made certain calculations, scientists managed to find out that it dates back to 01/29/1136 BC. Information about three more eclipses is contained in the Almagest by Claudius Ptolemy and is dated 04/19/721 BC, 04/08/720 about AD. and 09/01/720 BC

Lunar eclipses are often mentioned in historical chronicles. For example, the famous commander of the Athenians Nikias was afraid of a lunar eclipse, a panic began in his army, because of which the Athenians were defeated. Having carried out certain calculations, it was possible to establish the exact date of this event (08/27/413 BC).

famous enough historical fact is the total lunar eclipse of 1504, which came to the aid of the expedition of Christopher Columbus. At that time they were in Jamaica and experienced difficulties with food and drinking water. Attempts to get hold of provisions from local Indians were unsuccessful. But Columbus knew for sure that on the night of March 1, a lunar eclipse would occur. He warned the leaders that if they did not deign to deliver drinking water and food to the travelers' ship, he would steal the moon from the sky. With the onset of darkness, when the moon disappeared, the poorly educated Indians became very frightened and delivered everything they needed to the travelers. They begged to return the heavenly body to them, to which Columbus agreed. So the expedition managed to avoid starvation.

How to watch a lunar eclipse

The characteristics of lunar eclipses have already become available to you, but why are they so interesting to researchers? By observing lunar eclipses, one can extract a certain scientific benefit. Scientists collect and record materials on the state of the structure of the Earth's shadow and the upper layers of the atmosphere. Amateur astronomers often photograph eclipses, make sketches of them, describing changes in the brightness of objects located on the lunar surface. The moments of the moon touching the shadow and those when it leaves its limits are accurately recorded. The moments of contact of the shadow with the largest objects on the lunar surface are also noted. Observations can be made with the naked eye, binoculars or a telescope. It is clear that the technique helps to more accurately record the results of observations.

In order to make the most accurate observations, you need to set your telescope to the maximum magnification, pointing it directly at the touch points of the shadow and the lunar surface. This must be done in advance, a few minutes before the expected eclipse. Usually, all results are recorded in a special journal of observations of lunar eclipses.

The same exposure meter

If an amateur astronomer has at his disposal a photoexposure meter (a special device that allows you to measure the brightness of an object), he can independently plot the change in the brightness of the Moon's disk throughout the eclipse. To do this correctly, you need to install the device so that its sensitive element is directed to the center of the lunar disk.

Recently, astronomy has ceased to be a compulsory subject at school; hopes are pinned on this publication for the possibility of filling in the forced gaps in education with the help of the Internet ...

First of all, let's turn to the Great Soviet Encyclopedia in order to take advantage of the time-tested and, undoubtedly, outstanding scientists definition of the subject of our conversation: An eclipse is an astronomical phenomenon, consisting in the fact that the Sun, Moon, planet, satellite of the planet or star cease to be visible to the earth observer in whole or in part.
Eclipses occur due to the fact that either one celestial body covers another, or the shadow of one non-self-luminous body falls on another such body. An eclipse of the Sun is observed when it is covered (obscured) by the Moon.Solar Eclipses Always Occur on the New Moon.

A solar eclipse is a unique event every time.
What are eclipses?

We are so used to our moon that we don’t even suspect how lucky we are with it! And we were lucky with her twice. First, our Moon is not some shapeless cobblestone like Phobos or Deimos, but a neat little round mini-planet! Second, the Moon is now quite far from the Earth and there are no daily earthquakes and huge waves, once in the past caused by the tidal forces of the Moon (in our time, the Moon is moving away from the Earth at a speed of 4 cm per year - in earlier eras it happened faster). The Moon is now so far away that its apparent angular size is close to that of the even more distant Sun. And once the Moon was so close to the Earth that solar eclipses happened every new moon, although there was still no one to look at them at that time ...

Each solar eclipse is unique in its own way, how exactly the eclipse will look for an earthly observer is determined by 3 factors (in addition to weather): the angular diameters (sizes) of the Sun visible from the observation point α and moon β and the trajectory of the Moon relative to the Sun and stars (Fig. 2).

Rice. 2. The angular diameters of the Sun visible from the Earth's surface ( α ) and the Moon ( β ), the trajectory of the movement of the Moon in the starry sky (dotted line).

Due to the fact that the Moon and the Earth move in elliptical orbits (the Moon is either closer or further away from the Earth, and the Earth, in turn, is either closer or further away from the Sun), the apparent angular diameter of the Moon, depending on the orbital position, can vary from 29 .43" to 33.3" (minutes of arc), and the apparent angular diameter of the Sun is from 31.6" to 32.7". At the same time, their average statistical visible diameters, respectively, are for the Moon: 31"05" and for the Sun: 31"59".
Depending on whether the visible trajectory of the Moon passes through the center of the Sun, or crosses its visible area in an arbitrary place, as well as various combinations of visible angular dimensions The Moon and the Sun traditionally distinguish three types of solar eclipses: partial, total and annular eclipses.

Partial solar eclipse

If the observed trajectory of the Moon does not pass through the center of the Sun, then the Moon, as a rule, cannot completely obscure the Sun (Fig. 3) - an eclipse in which the Moon covers the Sun is not completely called partial (private from the word "part" with the meaning "partial eclipse"). Such an eclipse can occur for any possible combination of apparent angular diameters of the Moon and the Sun.

Most of the solar eclipses that occur on Earth are partial eclipses (approximately 68%).

total solar eclipse

If at any point on the Earth's surface, observers can see that the Moon completely covers the Sun, then such an eclipse is called a total solar eclipse. Such an eclipse occurs when the apparent path of the Moon passes through or very close to the center of the Sun, and the apparent diameter of the Moon is β must be greater than or at least equal to the apparent diameter of the Sun α (Fig. 4).

Rice. 4. Total solar eclipse, March 20, 2015 at 12:46 observed near the North Pole.

A total solar eclipse can be observed within a very small plots the surface of the earth, as a rule, it is a strip up to 270 km wide, outlined by the shadow of the moon, - observers in the areas adjacent to the shaded areas see only a partial solar eclipse (Fig. 5).

Rice. 5. Total solar eclipse, the shadow from the Moon on the surface of the Earth, the dark dotted line indicates the trajectories of the movement of the shadow area

For each specific area, a total solar eclipse is a rarity. In Moscow, for example, the last total solar eclipse was in August 1887 (08/19/1887), and the next one is expected on 10/16/2126. So, sitting in one place, you can never see a total solar eclipse in your life ( however, in August 1887, Muscovites did not see him anyway because of bad weather ). Therefore: "If you want to experience an event, do your best to make it happen!" /Slogan of Enthusiasts/
Thank God, in general, total eclipses on the Earth's surface do not happen so rarely, on average, once every one and a half years and make up almost 27% of all eclipse options.

annular solar eclipse

If the trajectory of the Moon passes near the center of the Sun, but the apparent angular diameter of the Moon is less than the solar β < α , then at the moment of alignment of the centers, the Moon cannot completely obscure the Sun and a glow is created around it in the form of a ring, such an eclipse is called an annular eclipse (Fig. 6), but in oral speech, traditionally striving to express the meaning as briefly as possible, the expression annular eclipse was established, i.e. . "annular solar eclipse" is a term, and "annular eclipse" is just jargon so far...

Rice. 6. An annular solar eclipse someday...

Annular (annular) solar eclipses are currently the rarest type of eclipses, accounting for only 5%. But, as we know, the Moon is gradually moving away from the Earth and annular eclipses will happen more and more often.

Why do solar eclipses happen so rarely?

The main reason that solar eclipses in our time do not occur every new moon is that the plane of the Moon's orbit does not coincide with the plane of the ecliptic (the plane of the Earth's orbit) and is inclined to it at an angle of 5.145 degrees (Fig. 7, pos. 1). In this figure, as well as in all others, the dimensions of the corners and the ratio of the scales of objects are exaggerated for the sake of clarity of images.

Rice. 7.

Work on the article "Solar eclipses" continues.

Sergey Ov(seosnews9)

Solar eclipses 2019:
January 2019 - Partial solar eclipse ;
July 2019 - total solar eclipse;
December 2019 -(observed in Russia)

06.01.2019 04:28 - New Moon.
This new moon will happenpartial solar eclipse January 6, 2019 at 04:41 MSK, eclipse will be able to observe in eastern Mongolia northeastern China, Korea and Japan, in Russia - in the south of Eastern Siberia, the Far East, Kamchatka, the Kuril Islands and Sakhalin.

02.07.2019 22:16 - New Moon.
This new moon will happen total solar eclipse , the eclipse maximum phase will come July 2, 2019 at 10:26 pm MSK, a partial eclipse of the Sun can only be observed in the South Pacific, Central and South America (Chile, Argentina), alas: will not be observed in Russia ...

26.12.2019 08:13 - New Moon.
This new moon will make the inhabitants of the Earth happy with the third solar eclipse of the year - it will be annular solar eclipse (annular), the maximum phase of the eclipse will come December 26, 2019 05:18:53 MSK, an annular eclipse can be observed in the east of the Arabian Peninsula, south of India, Sri Lanka, Sumatra, Malaysia and Indonesia, private in Central and Southeast Asia, Australia and western Oceania , in Russia, the eclipse will be observed in Transbaikalia and Primorye .

2018:
February 2018 - Partial solar eclipse;
July 2018 - Partial solar eclipse;
August 2018 - Partial solar eclipse (observed in Russia)

16.02.2018 00:05 - New Moon
This new moon will happen partial solar eclipse , the eclipse maximum phase will come 02/15/2018 at 23:52 MSK, a partial eclipse of the Sun can only be observed in Antarctica and southern South America (Chile, Argentina) - summary: v Russia will not be observed.

13.07.2018 05:48 - New Moon ( , (super new moon) - translation option from English word"supermoon", the other is "Super Moon". During the new moon, the moon is usually not visible, but in such cases there are very strong tides, which can the best option translation will be: "Strong Moon"?)
In addition, on this new moon there will be partial solar eclipse , the eclipse maximum phase will come 07/13/2018 at 06:02 MSK. The eclipse can be observed, alas, only in Antarctica on the Budd Coast, the southernmost part of Australia, Tasmania or in the water area indian ocean between Antarctica and Australia - Russia will not see an eclipse .

11.08.2018 12:58 - New moon( , Strong Moon)
On this new moon, it will also happenpartial solar eclipse , the eclipse maximum phase will come August 11, 2018 at 12:47 pm MSK, the eclipse will be visible in northern Canada, Greenland in the Scandinavian countries, in Russia - in the northern and middle latitudes of Central Russia, throughout Siberia and Far East , northeastern part of Kazakhstan, Mongolia and China .

2017: February 2017 - Annular solar eclipse; August 2017 - Total solar eclipse

February 26, 2017 05:58 PM
This winter new moon will happen annular solar eclipse . The maximum phase of the eclipse will come February 26, 2017 at 05:54 PM MSK . An annular eclipse of the Sun can be observed in the south of Argentina and Chile, southwest Angola, and private on South South America, Antarctica, western and southern Africa - in Russia will not be observed.

August 21, 2017 21:30- astronomical new moon.
This summer new moon will total solar eclipse . The maximum phase of the eclipse will come August 21, 2017 at 09:26 PM MSK. A total eclipse of the Sun can be observed, alas, only in North America in the United States, private in Russia - in Chukotka (the Moon will only slightly touch the Sun); in other countries- in the USA and Canada, Greenland, Iceland, Ireland and the UK, Portugal (at sunset), Mexico, Central America, Ecuador, Peru, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, Guinea and Brazil.

March 2016 - Total Solar Eclipse + Supermoon

09 March 2016 04:54 Moscow time - astronomical new moon;
This new moon will happen total solar eclipse, the eclipse maximum phase will come March 09, 2016 at 04:58 MSK, a total eclipse of the Sun can be observed on the islands of Sumatra, Kalimantan, Sulawesi and Halmahera, private in Russia- in Primorye, Sakhalin, the Kuril Islands and Kamchatka; in other countries in India, China, Thailand, Laos and Cambodia, Malaysia, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, USA and Canada (Alaska) ;

01.09.2016 12:03 - astronomical new moon;
This new moon will happen annular solar eclipse, the eclipse maximum phase will come 01 September 2016 at 12:08 MSK , An annular eclipse can be observed, alas, only in central Africa and Madagascar, and private in all African countries, in Saudi Arabia, Yemen and in the Indian Ocean

March 2015 - Total Solar Eclipse + Supermoon

March 20, 2015 12:36 pm Moscow time - astronomical new moon; ;
A total solar eclipse will occur on this new moon, the maximum phase of the eclipse will occur on March 20, 2015 at 12:46:47 MSK, total eclipse of the sun can be observed in the Faroe Islands, Svalbard and the North Pole, partial eclipse in Russia- throughout the European part and Western Siberia; as well as in Greenland, Europe and Central Asia. ;

* Eclipses, eclipse = Z.

Z. - astronomical phenomena, consisting in the fact that the sun, moon, planet, satellite of the planet or star cease to be visible to the earth observer in whole or in part. Z. occur due to the fact that either one celestial body covers another, or the shadow of one non-self-luminous body falls on another similar body. So, the Z. of the Sun are observed when the Moon closes it; Z. Moon - when the shadow of the Earth falls on it; Z. satellites of planets - when they fall into the shadow of the planet; Z. in systems of double stars - when one star covers another. Stars also include the passage of the shadow of a satellite across the disk of a planet, the occultation of stars and planets by the Moon (the so-called occultations), the passages of the inner planets—Mercury and Venus—across the solar disk, and the passage of satellites across the planet’s disk. With the beginning of manned flights spaceships it became possible to observe the Earth's z. Sun from these ships (see ill.). Of greatest interest are the z. of the Sun and the Moon, associated with the motion of the Moon around the Earth.

Big Soviet Encyclopedia, 3rd ed. 1969 - 1978

A lunar eclipse is a natural phenomenon during which the moon enters the region of the earth's shadow. When the lunar eclipse comes the Moon with the Sun and the Earth should be located on the line at the same time. It turns out that the Moon is blocked from the Sun with the help of the Earth. This means that an eclipse is only possible on a full moon. At this time, you can see the Moon, which is completely or partially shaded from the Earth. It is possible to observe the eclipse from that part of our planet that is located above the horizon.

Partial lunar eclipse

The diameter of the earth's shadow is 2.5 times that of the moon, which is why the earth's shadow covers the entire disk of the moon. In a situation where this happens, the eclipse is total. If there is a partial immersion of the moon in the earth's shadow, then such an eclipse is considered partial.

In those situations where the line of the Moon with the Sun and the Earth is far from ideal, a variant is possible in which the eclipse phase does not occur. It is also possible that the earth's shadow will touch the edge of the lunar disk, it will be covered with penumbra.

The duration of the phases of any eclipse, partial or total, depends directly on the location of all 3 of the above celestial bodies. The longest duration of a lunar eclipse is 108 minutes. The brightness of the lunar disk during a total lunar eclipse also depends on the same reason. There are cases when the Moon is not visible at all, and it also happens that the Moon is so bright that observers do not even believe that a lunar eclipse has occurred.

The penumbra, which is present around the cone of the earth's shadow, can partially obscure the Sun. When the Moon begins to pass through this area, but has not entered the shadow, a penumbral eclipse occurs. The brightness of the moon becomes less, but not much. Such a decrease in brightness cannot be seen with the naked eye, only devices can fix this.

Even when the lunar eclipse is total, the moon does not disappear at all, turning dark red. There is an explanation for this: with the onset of a total eclipse, the rays of the Sun illuminate the Moon further. These rays shine tangentially onto the earth's surface, refract, and then dissipate in the earth's atmosphere.

The atmosphere of the Earth is able to absorb the short-wavelength spectral parts of blue and blue hues, but at the same time pass reds without any problems. They reach the lunar surface at the onset of an eclipse. This phenomenon has the same nature that is observed in the coloring of the western part of the sky in a pale pink color of the sun's rays.