Reinforced concrete trays are high-strength products intended mainly for the protection and insulation of pipelines, cables and other communication systems being laid from various influences environment and premature destruction.

Reinforced concrete trays are one of the most popular reinforced concrete products. Simple, but ergonomic and versatile design allows them to be effectively used in many areas of construction - road and engineering construction, construction of bridges, tunnels and overpasses, for laying pipelines for various purposes. Reinforced concrete trays serve as a drain and pass for hot and cold water, are used for laying pipelines for heating mains and various electrical cables.

Reinforced concrete trays are used both in open spaces, including roads, terraces, playgrounds, courtyards, stadiums, park areas, power lines and gas stations, and indoors, where there is a need to drain precipitation or industrial water.

The widespread use of reinforced concrete trays is also explained by the low cost of raw materials, in a simple way manufacturing, ease of installation and ease of maintenance. Add to this the high strength of steel-reinforced concrete, which allows the products to withstand significant loads throughout the entire service life. Reinforced concrete products are famous for their durability, while not losing their original characteristics. Thus, the use of reinforced concrete trays can significantly reduce costs in road construction, multi-storey buildings and other real estate objects.

Depending on their application, reinforced concrete trays can be divided into several types:

• and coverage of heating mains;

Trays for covering heating mains are used to provide heat supply between a heat source and its consumer when laying heat supply systems in non-through, semi-through, through channels. The heat source is the pipes that are located in the tray. With the help of trays, an air cushion is created between the pipe and the gutter, which retains heat, acting as a reliable heat insulator. The required tightness and water tightness is achieved by adding special mixtures and impurities.

Cable trays are used for the installation of electrical cables in the thickness of the earth and their subsequent uninterrupted operation. These trays require embedded parts that are attached to interior walls products. Embedded parts are used to firmly anchor electrical cables and cable structures. The use of reinforced concrete trays allows you to reliably protect electrical cables from moisture, which leads to corrosion of the elements and, ultimately, the destruction of the power supply system.

Drainage trays are used to intercept and drain rain and storm water from residential areas, roads, etc. to prevent stagnation of water in the territory. High-strength reinforced concrete trays are able to withstand the aggressive environment caused by climatic conditions, and constant, high humidity levels. For example, in urban construction, drainage trays with a high degree of reliability protect the foundations of houses from an excess of moisture, significantly extending the life of buildings. Special ones are widely used in both automotive and railway construction.

Irrigation canals are used in irrigation systems in the construction of hydraulic structures in engineering construction. With the help of trays, the change and regulation of the water regime in various territories is carried out. Irrigation canal trays perform both the functions of collecting, taking, and conducting and draining water, ensuring the uninterrupted operation of irrigation systems and their mechanisms, which are constantly in the environment with high level humidity.

Reinforced concrete trays are elongated brackets with a U-shaped or parabolic section. This form is due to the function of the tray - the pipeline or other communication systems inside the tray are reliably protected, liquids cannot leave their bed. The upper, open part of the trays is closed with a channel slab. Such a solution is necessary so that, with regular maintenance and repair of objects it was possible to quickly and easily get to the desired sections of pipes and cables. Ease of maintenance is the main advantage of using reinforced concrete trays as protective structures.

Reinforced concrete trays are manufactured in accordance with the requirements of series 3.006.1-2.87 "Precast reinforced concrete channels and tunnels from trough elements", 3.006.1-8 "Channels and tunnels prefabricated reinforced concrete from trough elements", as well as 3.501-68 "Precast reinforced concrete sleepers on the railway tracks of industrial enterprises ”. Irrigation canal trays are manufactured in accordance with GOST 21509-76 "Reinforced concrete trays for irrigation systems. Specifications ", cable trays - according to series 3.407.1-157" Unified reinforced concrete products of 35-500 kV substations. " as drainage systems and vice versa, etc. Drainage trays used in drainage structures on highways are manufactured in accordance with series 3.503.1-66 “Prefabricated reinforced concrete products for drainage structures on highways. Working drawings".

In the production of trays, only heavy concrete of high compressive strength classes B15, B25, B30 and B35 is used. Classes of concrete for frost resistance and water resistance are assigned depending on the hydrogeological conditions of the construction site, the presence and type of external and internal waterproofing of the trays.

Reinforcement of reinforced concrete trays is made with welded mesh and steel frames classes A-IА-III according to GOST 6781-82 and class ВрI according to GOST 6727-80. For the manufacture of embedded products, rolled steel Vst3kp2 is accepted in accordance with GOST 380-71, the anchor of embedded products is made of steel class A-I II in accordance with GOST 5781-82. Mounting hinges are adopted from steel grade A-I stamps Vst3sp2 and Vst3ps2. In the case of installation of structures at a design winter temperature below -40 ° C, the use of steel grade Vst3ps2 is not allowed.

The marking of reinforced concrete trays according to the 3.006.1-2.87 series consists of letters and numbers, where L is a reinforced concrete tray. The number after the letter indicates the serial number of the product, the number after the dash indicates the value of the vertical evenly distributed equivalent design load. The stamp of the tray with embedded products contains an additional letter "a". The letter "d" is added to the brand of additional trays.

The brand of reinforced concrete trays according to the 3.006.1-8 series has an alphanumeric designation, where: LK - tray, LKO - tray with a hole. The number after the letters denotes the nominal size of the tray along the channel in cm. The number after the dot is the nominal size of the tray along the channel width in cm. The next number after the point is the nominal height of the tray in cm. Further, a digital index characterizing the type of reinforcement element is indicated with a hyphen. After the digital index, an additional letter index "a" may be indicated, characterizing distinctive features element: the presence of embedded products (except for slinging loops).

The marking of cable trays in accordance with series 3.407.1-157 consists of groups. The first group of alphanumeric designations includes the letter of the product's code name, L - tray, and the main overall dimensions in dm. The second group, a number separated by a hyphen, indicates bearing capacity in kN / m. The third group, a number also separated by a hyphen, denotes design features(option of reinforcement, the presence of additional embedded parts).

The marking of trays of irrigation systems in accordance with GOST 21509-76 consists of one alphanumeric group and contains the designation of the tray type and the nominal height of the tray in decimeters, the value of which is rounded to an integer, where: ЛР - trays built on piles, rack supports and slabs; LRG - trays laid in the ground.

According to the 3.503.1-66 series, reinforced concrete drainage gutters are marked with a letter designation, where: L - tray, B - telescopic drainage tray unit. Further, a hyphen is followed by a digit indicating the serial number of the product.

Trays of the B3.300.1-5.04 series are marked with the letters LB, followed by a number indicating the serial number of the product.

Trays of the 3.900.1-12 series are marked with alphanumeric indexes, which mean: letter index at the beginning of the brand - L - tray; the first digit at the letter index is the number of the element standard size - analogous to the series 3.006.1-2.87; digit 0 - additional standard size; letter "a" - shortened tray 3 m long; the number after the dash - the type of tray according to the support conditions: 1 - on a solid base, 2 - on supports; the letter "K" at the end of the brand - appointment for sewerage systems;

The brands of prefabricated trays of the 3.903 KL-14 series consist of alphabetic and digital indices. The letter index characterizes the type of tray (LT - heating tray, ULT - corner heating tray). The numbers after the letters define the geometric dimensions of the tray in decimeters (length, width, height), rounded to whole numbers.

Reinforced concrete trays of through and non-through channels of the SK 3301-86 album are marked using an alphanumeric system. Letters denote: LP - tray overlap, LPO - tray overlap with a hole, LD - tray bottom, LDO - tray bottom with a hole for a pit device, LDP - tray bottom with support cushions, LU, LPU, LDU - tray corner element for tray mates when the channel is rotated at an angle of 90 °, LO is a lightweight tray element. The figures show the largest diameter of the pipe laid in the channel, in decimeters. Index "and" distinguishes elements of the ribbed structure of the channels, "y" - distinguishes the reinforced elements of the ribbed structure of the channels.

To protect communications from mechanical and corrosive destruction, strong and durable devices are needed. Reinforced concrete trays have such properties - they are indispensable for the installation of cable systems and pipelines, provide free access to them in emergency situations. In addition, reinforced concrete products are used to drain rain and melt water from buildings.

Purpose, features and varieties

Trays are made of concrete grade M-200 and higher, reinforcing it with steel rods from class A-I, A-II reinforcement or with Bp-I wire. Technological process vibration pressing allows to obtain dense reinforced concrete, resistant to aggressive factors external environment... According to GOST 21509-85, requirements are imposed on it in the following areas:

• frost resistance and moisture resistance;
• technical characteristics of reinforcing steel;
• concrete layer thickness;
• anti-corrosion qualities;
• raw materials of the concrete mixture;
• uniform structure without voids;
• mechanical resistance.

By design, purpose of application, method of installation, trays belong to three main types:

• drainage;
• cable;
• for heating mains.

Concrete drainage trays

They serve to transport water, differ in purpose and design and perform the following functions:

• drainage - removal of soil and rain moisture from the basement and the foundation of the building;
• marginal - water diversion from the road to the slopes;
• telescopic - channel drainage of moisture from bridges and slopes;
• storm water - collection and disposal of storm water;
• sewer - the movement of wastewater into the collectors;
• culverts (runoff gutters) - water drainage by gravity.

Classification of drainage trays by shape:

• parabolic;
• trapezoidal;
• U-shaped;
• trapezoidal and U-shaped with a round groove.

Depending on the conditions set by the drainage project, solid or with an opening for a vertical drain are selected. Drains for drainage are solid and prefabricated, of various standard sizes (they are indicated in the 3.006.1-2 / 87 series). The marking contains the letter L and two numbers: the first denotes the number in the series, the second - the vertical load for which the tray is designed (the larger it is, the deeper it is mounted). Manufacturers produce them of various dimensions, for example, ERBA offers products with the following parameters: length 0.72 - 6 m; width 0.4 - 1.84 m; height 0.38 - 1.32 m.

Heat supply pipes are protected from corrosion, rodents, heat loss by installing special channels of two types:

• КЛп - trays are covered with removable covers;
• КЛс - the structure is formed by the upper and lower trays connected by means of channels.

The advantages of modern devices over previously used brick structures:

• ease of installation;
• low cost;
• high bearing capacity;
• the possibility of installation in seismically active areas, with weak soil and subsoil waters - this is ensured by expansion joints and waterproofing of their bitumen mastic.

In the marking of the tray for heating mains, the letter (L or LK), its number from the 3.006.1 series, and the calculated load are indicated. If the length differs from the standard (6 m), put a number indicating the proportion standard size(2 stands for ½). The width of the products varies from 0.57 to 2.46 m, and the height - from 0.36 to 1.32 m.

The cost of reinforced concrete trays

Before buying reinforced concrete trays, you should choose a product according to the calculated data: maximum load, size and shape. After that, the products are selected at cost, checking the availability of certificates for them from the manufacturer. Average prices for trays are shown in the table.

Concrete trays are used for surface water collection systems, where there is a small slope of the surface and limited immersion depth, for example, the thickness of the terrace coating, the floor in warehouses, industrial premises, or the coating of footpaths and driveways.

Drainage trays are made of plastic (PVC, polypropylene), composite materials and concrete. The latter option is characterized by increased strength, durability and low cost.

The trays represent an elongated container with a rectangular, semicircular or square gutter. A grate is installed on top, it prevents large debris from entering the drainage system. In products with a shallow depth, the grill is not installed.

Concrete trays are used to organize linear drainage from the territory.

This system allows:

1. Reduce soil subsidence.
2. Collect and divert water flow from a large area.
3. Connect the system to a storm sewer.

Linear drainage consists of buried trays and sand traps, in which small debris is retained. Here, products with decorative gratings are used, which prevent clogging of the system and the ingress of leaves and large debris into the channels.

Manufacturing technology

Trays that are used for pedestrian areas have a wide variety of shapes, colors go well with different kinds paving slabs... They are simple in shape and can be easily cleaned of small debris.

Concrete trays are manufactured in factories that produce reinforced concrete products. They are made from concrete by the vibrocompression method, due to which the strength and resistance of products to chemical and mechanical influences increase.

In the factory, in a mold for pressing under high pressure, the concrete mix vibrates. As a result, air bubbles are removed, the mixture is compacted and the product turns out to be denser. The concrete is additionally reinforced with fiberglass.

Use drainage trays for:

1. Pedestrian areas: sidewalks, summer grounds of cafes and restaurants, the territory of private houses, when organizing the landscape in parks, squares.
2. On the roadways and in places of traffic movement at gas stations, in the premises of car washes, covered above-ground or underground garages.

Views

Trash box

At the place of use, there are internal and external. Indoor models are most often used in factories and sports facilities.

Outside are divided into:

1. Drainage areas.
2. Diverting water.
3. With a sand catcher.

Drainage areas are used to drain the territory and protect the foundations of buildings from flooding. They form a system that collects water from a large area at one or more points.

Trays that drain water are used to organize drainage system... They collect and remove water from the territory in storm sewer or special water intakes.

Trash boxes help to increase the service life of the drainage system, as they collect large particles of debris.

Also, there are models with internal bias 0.5%, which allows water to be diverted from areas with minimal or no slope.

When choosing a tray, you need to pay attention to the correspondence technical characteristics , the conditions in which it is installed. Also, take into account the volume of waste water and loads transferred from vehicles and equipment.

Specifications

In the production of trays, heavy grades of concrete are used, which guarantees their strength and resistance to humid environment... Some manufacturers cover inner surface tray with special compounds that prevent the penetration of water.

The surface of concrete trays used in industrial plants is coated to prevent collapse.

Frost resistance of concrete trays is F300, this means that they can withstand 300 freeze-thaw cycles without losing strength.

The drainage coefficient depends on the angle of inclination of the surface and on the overall dimensions of the trays. For warehouse or industrial premises without a slope, models with an internal slope can be used.

According to the maximum permissible load, products are divided into several groups:

1. A 15 with a load of up to 1.5 tons are applied for country houses, walking and cycling paths.
2. B 125 with a load up to 12.5 tons, are used in parking lots, small garages.
3. From 250 with a load up to 25 tons, used for gas stations, car washes.
4. D 400 with load up to 40 tons for highways for any type of transport.
5. E 600 with a load of up to 60 tons for industrial, logistics facilities.
6. F 900 with a load of up to 90 tons, used for airfields and military facilities.

Advantages, disadvantages and price

Main advantages:

1. Strength concrete products.
2. High frost resistance.
3. Resistant to chemical attack.
- used on highways, terminals, in industry.
4. The possibility of fixing the grilles with bolted connections.
5. Wide range of products of various widths and sections.

The main disadvantage of concrete trays Is their weight. Therefore, they are laid with the help of mechanisms, which complicates the process. On average, a product with a length of 1 meter and a width of 13.8 cm weighs from 14 kg. The product, 25 to 40 cm wide and 1 meter long, weighs from 58 to 198 kg. There are trays weighing about 352 kg.

The cost of a concrete tray depends on its technical characteristics and options for use.

They are accompanied by related products:

1. Steel escutcheon reinforcing the product.
2. Water intake grilles made of galvanized or stainless steel, cast iron, copper.
3. Special fasteners.
4. End cap, sits on a cement mortar.

Some trays are sold with grates, which also affects the cost of the product.

Concrete goods L-1-7

There is a large selection of concrete trays on the Russian construction market:

Estimated cost of products:

1. POLYTEP company
2. Concrete goods plant 11, model L-1-7, is used to prevent waterlogging of the soil, the price is 750 rubles.
3. POLYTEP company, model SD-20 for a road with a lattice, price 3800 rubles.
4. POLYTEP company, model SG-6 with drainage system, without lattice, price 300 rubles.

Dimensions and GOST

The smallest trays are available in sizes: width 14 cm, height - 6 cm, length 50 cm. They are used to drain water to small area private or low-rise building.

Products with dimensions: width 13.8 cm, height 12.5 cm, length 1 meter, are used in the construction of country houses, in small car washes, gas stations.

Trays with dimensions: width 65 cm, height 50.5 cm and length 1 meter, are used to organize drainage in places with heavy traffic of cars and trucks, at industrial and warehouse facilities, at terminals.

There are several regulatory documents in the building codes of Russia, which indicate the main parameters of concrete trays. The main one is GOST-21509-76. The form, maximum permissible deviations and features of the transportation of products are indicated here.

GOST-23009-78 is a collection of rules governing the production of reinforced concrete products.

Concrete drainage gutters are also manufactured with cast iron drainage grates. They are most often called kits, have a high water capacity and withstand intense loads. They are used to organize linear drainage at large gas stations, warehouse and industrial facilities, in places of heavy traffic.

The irrigation system, drainage of storm water and water of melting snow cover provides for a product - a reinforced concrete drainage tray. With the help of concrete trays and appropriate infrastructure, irrigation and drainage systems transport useful or harmful product- watering or waste water on fields, storm or sewer collectors.

Types and sizes of reinforced concrete trays

There are two types of products for "transporting" water: Trays for irrigation systems and Trays for road drainage equipped with protective gratings. According to the name, the first type of products is used for the construction of irrigation systems for agricultural areas, and the second type for ensuring the rapid drainage of rain and melt water from highways, highways, city roads and pedestrian sidewalks.

The main characteristics and dimensions of trays for irrigation systems are regulated by GOST 21509-76 "TRAYS FOR REINFORCED CONCRETE IRRIGATION SYSTEMS", and the main characteristics and dimensions of products for completing drainage systems for roads and pedestrian crossings are regulated by the normative document GOST 32955-2014 "Road drainage trays".

Reinforced concrete drainage trays GOST 21509-76

Trays of this type are intended for the construction of irrigation systems designed for pumping water in an amount of up to 5 cubic meters per hour. The product is a reinforced concrete parabolic gutter of certain dimensions, which can be installed on supports or slabs, or laid in the soil.

Depending on the method of installation, trays for irrigation systems are labeled as LP or LRG. LP trays are installed on supports or slabs, and LPG products are placed directly into the soil.

An example of the designation of reinforced concrete drainage tray series LV 400 mm high: LV4. Reinforced concrete factories offer for sale the following types and dimensions of trays for the construction of irrigation systems, shown in Table 1.

Designation	dimensions, mm				Weight, kg
	Length	Height	Width	Wall thickness
LR4	5980	400	908	50	1080
LRG4
LR6		600	1084		1420
LRG6
LR8		800	1240	60	1920
LRG8
LR10		1000	1804	75	3310
LRG10

Reinforced concrete drainage trays GOST 21509-76 are made of heavy, reinforced with steel reinforcement. For the possibility of assembly into a single system and installation on supports (plates), each product is equipped with embedded products for welding and a parabolic recess for laying the seal.

Reinforced concrete drainage trays GOST 32955-2014

Products of this type are used to receive surface water for further direction to sewage systems. This refers to waste water coming from the roadway, pedestrian sidewalks, road shoulders or soil surface.

At the same time, in accordance with the requirements of the regulatory document, the design of drainage products is a set - a reinforced concrete drainage tray with a grate made of cast iron.

The normative document defines the settling constructive types road drainage trays: box-shaped, slotted, open, rectangular, U-shaped, curb, ring and other types.

At the same time, trays can be manufactured both at precast concrete factories and delivered to construction sites ready for installation, or made directly at construction sites by pouring reinforced concrete.

GOST 32955-2014 does not regulate the rigid dimensions of reinforced concrete drainage trays. Buyers are offered a wide selection of tray dimensions, depending on specific tasks and the length of the drainage line:

• Length from 400 to 4000 mm and more.
• Width from 500 mm and more.
• Height from 200 mm and more.

The specific dimensions of trays and grates may differ from GOST. In other words, the dimensions, configuration, types of road drainage trays and grids are negotiated in the projects of specific structures. As in the previous case, for the manufacture of road trays, heavy reinforced concrete of the M300 grade is used, prepared on cement grade not lower than CEM I 32.5N PC.

Conclusion

Drainage trays of road or irrigation systems, despite the apparent simplicity of the design, should be manufactured by specialized factories that have an appropriate material and technical base that allows them to produce products that meet the requirements of the current regulatory documents.

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It applies to drainage trays made of concrete (reinforced concrete) and polymer concrete, used on public roads, and establishes methods for monitoring the technical indicators of trays established by GOST 32955-2014.

The standard does not apply to methods of production process control in the manufacture of trays, as well as to methods of control of raw materials used for the manufacture of trays.

3 Terms and definitions

6 Accuracy control of measurement results

7 Control of geometric parameters and dimensions

16 Determination of the specific effective activity of natural radionuclides

• GOST 26433.0-85General Provisions
• GOST 26433.1-89A system for ensuring the accuracy of geometric parameters in construction. Measurement rules. Prefabricated elements
• GOST 8829-94Prefabricated reinforced concrete and concrete building products. Loading test methods. Rules for assessing strength, stiffness and crack resistance. Replaced by GOST 8829-2018.
• GOST 10922-90Welded fittings and embedded products, welded connections of reinforcement and embedded products of reinforced concrete structures. General technical conditions. Replaced by GOST 10922-2012.
• GOST 17625-83Constructions and reinforced concrete products. Radiation method for determining the thickness of the concrete cover, dimensions and location of reinforcement
• GOST 22904-93Constructions reinforced concrete. Magnetic method for determining the thickness of the concrete cover and the location of the reinforcement
• GOST 23858-79Butt welded joints and T-shaped reinforcement of reinforced concrete structures. Ultrasonic quality control methods. Acceptance rules
• GOST 12730.0-78Concrete. General requirements for methods for determining density, moisture, water absorption, porosity and water resistance
• GOST 12730.3-78Concrete. Method for determining water absorption
• GOST 13087-81Concrete. Methods for determining abrasion. Replaced by GOST 13087-2018.
• GOST 22690-88Concrete. Determination of strength by mechanical methods of non-destructive testing. Replaced by GOST 22690-2015.
• GOST 30108-94Building materials and products. Determination of the specific effective activity of natural radionuclides
• GOST 12.1.007-76Harmful substances. Classification and general safety requirements
• GOST 12.1.019-79Occupational safety standards system. Electrical safety. General requirements and nomenclature of types of protection
• GOST 7502-98Metal measuring tape. Technical conditions
• GOST 166-89Calipers. Technical conditions
• GOST 3749-77Test squares 90 °. Technical conditions
• GOST 427-75Measuring metal rulers. Technical conditions
• GOST 3634-99Manholes of inspection wells and storm water inlets. Technical conditions
• GOST 18321-73Statistical quality control. Methods for random sampling of piece products
• GOST 10181-2000Concrete mixes. Test methods. Replaced by GOST 10181-2014.
• GOST 12.4.131-83Dressing gowns female. Technical conditions
• GOST 12.4.132-83Dressing gowns male. Technical conditions
• GOST 20010-93Technical rubber gloves. Technical conditions
• GOST 25706-83Magnifiers. Types, basic parameters. General technical requirements
• GOST 28846-90Gloves and mittens. General specifications
• GOST 8026-92Test rulers. Technical conditions
• GOST 18105-2010Concrete. Rules for the control and assessment of strength. Replaced by GOST 18105-2018.
• GOST 10180-2012Concrete. Determination methods strength according to control samples
• GOST 10060-2012Concrete. Determination methods frost resistance
• GOST 17624-2012Concrete. Ultrasonic method for determining strength
• GOST 32955-2014Automobile roads for general use. Road drainage trays. Technical requirements

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INTERSTATE COUNCIL FOR STANDARDIZATION, METROLOGY AND CERTIFICATION

INTERSTATE COUNCIL FOR STANDARDIZATION, METROLOGY AND CERTIFICATION

INTERSTATE

STANDARD

Automobile roads of general use TRAYS ROAD DRAINAGE Methods of control

Official edition

Standardinform

Foreword

The goals, basic principles and basic procedure for carrying out work on interstate standardization are established by GOST 1.0-92 “Interstate standardization system. Basic Provisions "and GOST 1.2-2009" Interstate Standardization System. Interstate standards, rules and recommendations for interstate standardization. Rules for Development, Acceptance, Application, Update and Cancellation "

Information about the standard

1 DEVELOPED by Progress Stroy Limited Liability Company (Progress Stroy LLC)

2 INTRODUCED by the Interstate Technical Committee for Standardization MTK 418 "Road Facilities"

3 ADOPTED by the Interstate Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification (minutes of December 5, 2014 No. 46).

Short name of the country according to MK (ISO 3166) 004-97 Country code according to MK (ISO 3166) 004-97 Abbreviated name of the national standardization body Azerbaijan Azstandard Ministry of Economy of the Republic of Armenia Belarus State Standard of the Republic of Belarus Kazakhstan Gosstandart of the Republic of Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Kyrgyzstandard Moldova-Standard Rosstandart Tajikistan T adjikstandard Turkmenistan Glavgosluzhba "Turkmenstandartlary" Uzbekistan Uzstandart Ministry of Economic Development of Ukraine

4 By order of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology dated August 14, 2015 No. 1160-st, the interstate standard GOST 32956-2014 was put into effect as a national standard Russian Federation from December 1, 2015

5 INTRODUCED FOR THE FIRST TIME

Information about changes to this standard is published in the annual information index "National Standards" (as of January 1 of the current year), and the text of changes and amendments is published in the monthly information index "National Standards". In case of revision (replacement) or cancellation of this standard, the corresponding notice will be published in the monthly information index "National Standards". Relevant information, notice and texts are also posted in the public information system - on the official website of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology on the Internet

© Standartinform, 2015

In the Russian Federation, this standard cannot be fully or partially reproduced, replicated and distributed as an official publication without the permission of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology.

AL editor. Bakanova Technical editor V.N. Prusakova Proofreader M.S. Kabashova Computer layout P.A. Circular

Put in the set 12/15/2015. Signed for printing on 12/18/2015. Format 60x84%. Arial headset. Uel. print l. 1.40. Uch.-ed. l. 0.95. Circulation 38 copies. Zach. 4208.

Published and printed by FGUP STANDARTINFORM, 123995 Moscow, Granatny per., 4. www.gostinfo.ru [email protected]

GOST 32956-2014

1 Scope ............................................ 1

3 Terms and definitions .......................................... 2

4 Safety and environmental requirements ........................ 2

5 Requirements for test conditions .................................... 2

6 Accuracy control of measurement results ............................... 3

7 Control of geometric parameters and dimensions ........................... 3

8 Control appearance and surface quality ............................ 4

9 Control of the strength and crack resistance of trays and gratings ...................... 5

10 Determination of the strength of structural materials ........................ 5

11 Determination of the volume of entrained air in the concrete mix .................... 6

12 Determination of frost resistance of structural material ..................... 6

13 Determination of water resistance of a structural material .................. 6

14 Determination of water absorption of structural material ..................... 6

15 Determination of abrasion resistance of structural material ...................... 6

16 Determination of the specific effective activity of natural radionuclides .......... 6

17 Quality control of reinforcement ..................................... 6

INTERSTATE STANDARD

Automobile roads of general use TRAYS ROAD DRAINAGE

Control methods

Automobile roads of general use. Road drainage trays. Methods of testing

Date of introduction -2015-12-01 with early application right

1 area of ​​use

1.1 This standard applies to drainage trays made of concrete (reinforced concrete) and polymer concrete (hereinafter referred to as trays) used on public highways, and establishes methods for monitoring the technical parameters of trays established by GOST 32955.

1.2 This standard does not apply to methods of production process control in the manufacture of trays, as well as to methods of control of raw materials used for the manufacture of trays.

Note - Production technological control in the manufacture of trays is carried out on the basis of the manufacturer's production documentation, and control of the raw materials used for the manufacture of trays is carried out on the basis of the relevant standards and technical conditions on these materials.

2 Normative references

In this standard, references to the following interstate standards are used: GOST 12.1.007-76 Occupational safety standards system. Harmful substances... Classification and general safety requirements

4 Safety and environmental requirements

4.1 When carrying out tests and measurements, the rules of electrical safety in accordance with GOST 12.1.019 and instructions for the operation of equipment should be observed.

4.2 When working with trays, use protective clothing in accordance with GOST 12.4.131 or GOST 12.4.132. To protect hands, use gloves according to GOST 20010 or GOST 28846.

4.3 Samples destroyed during testing are disposed of as solid construction waste corresponding to hazard class no higher than IV in accordance with GOST 12.1.007, unless otherwise specified by the manufacturer in accompanying documents or on the packaging.

4.4 After measurements have been taken, the trays selected for control of the shape and dimensions in accordance with the requirements of section 7 and / or for control of the surface quality in accordance with the requirements of section 8 can be used to control other parameters.

5 Requirements for test conditions

5.1 Rooms in which measurements and tests are carried out should have an air temperature of (25 + 10) ° С.

5.2 The assessment of the appearance and quality of the surface of the trays is carried out under natural daylight or artificial lighting.

7.3.2 Trays selected for measurements are placed on a flat, cleaned surface, based on the conditions for ensuring free access to them during measurements.

7.3.3 The surface of the trays is cleaned with a wire brush and any burrs and adhering particles that may interfere with the measurement are removed.

7.3.4 Measuring instruments are checked and prepared in accordance with the instructions for their operation.

7.4 Measurement procedure

7.4.1 Measurements are carried out in accordance with the requirements of GOST 26433.0, GOST 26433.1 and this standard.

7.4.2 Measurements of the external and internal dimensions of the tray are performed with a ruler or tape measure.

The length is measured on the external and internal horizontal surfaces, as well as on the lateral external and internal vertical surfaces at a distance of 10 mm from the upper (lower) horizontal and vertical surfaces of the tray.

The width is measured at both ends of the tray on the external and internal horizontal surfaces at a distance of 10 mm from the upper and lower horizontal surfaces.

Height is measured on external and internal vertical surfaces at a distance of 10 mm from both ends.

7.4.3 Deviation from straightness is controlled along the front faces of the tray by measuring the deviations of the edge of the face from the conditional straight line - a straight edge laid on the edge of the tray.

7.4.4 Checking the deviation from the perpendicularity of the faces of the tray is carried out using a test square and a wedge probe or a set of probes.

When carrying out measurements, the short side of the square is applied to the surface of one of the faces to be checked for perpendicularity in such a way that its other side is in maximum contact with the mating face. The maximum clearance is measured with a wedge feeler or a set of feelers.

When measuring deviations from the perpendicularity of the faces of the front surface, as well as the base and vertical walls of the tray, measurements are taken from both edges of the tray at a distance of 10 mm from the ends and in the middle of the tray.

When determining the perpendicularity of the end faces, measurements are performed in the middle of the vertical walls.

7.4.5 The flatness of the faces of the front surface of the tray is controlled by measuring the gaps between a conditional straight line - a straightedge, applied along the diagonals of each checked face, and the surface of this face.

7.4.6 The measurement results are recorded in the test log. In this case, all dimensions and deviations are indicated with an accuracy of 1 mm.

7.5 Processing of measurement results

The actual values ​​of the geometric dimensions and shape parameters of the trays calculate the arithmetic mean of the measurement results.

7.6 Registration of measurement results

Test date;

The name of the organization that conducted the tests;

Name and nominal values ​​of the monitored parameters for which the measurements were performed;

Actual values ​​of monitored parameters and their deviations from nominal parameters.

8 Control of the appearance and quality of the surface

8.1 Requirements for measuring instruments and auxiliary devices

When performing measurements, the following measuring instruments and auxiliary devices are used:

Measuring metal ruler in accordance with GOST 427;

Magnifier with a measuring scale with a graduation of 0.05 mm in accordance with GOST 25706;

A metal brush for cleaning the surface of the tray.

8.2 Control methods

8.2.1 The assessment of the conformity of the appearance, including the absence of oil and rust stains on the front surface, etc., is carried out visually.

8.2.2 The quality control of the surface of the trays is carried out by means of observations and measurements of the controlled parameters and defects.

8.3 Preparation for testing

Preparation for testing is carried out in accordance with 7.3. For testing, use samples taken to control the shape and size of the trays.

8.4 Control procedure

8.4.1 The presence of technological defects on the surface of products in the form of cracks, cavities and sagging, as well as damage in the form of chipped ribs is checked visually. At the same time, products with the indicated defects are noted.

The width of the opening of surface cracks is measured using a magnifying glass with a measuring scale, and the length of the cracks is measured with a measuring ruler.

8.4.3 The results of measurements of the dimensions of cavities and sagging, spalling of edges and the length of cracks are recorded with an accuracy of 1 mm, and the width of crack opening - with an accuracy of 0.1 mm.

8.5 Expression of test results

8.5.1 Compare the sizes of shells, sagging and the depth of rib cleavages with acceptable values.

The total length of chips per 1 m of each edge of the tray is calculated and compared with the allowable

values.

8.5.2 Count the total number of cracks on each individual surface and determine their number per 1 m 2 of each surface of the tray.

8.6 Registration of test results

The test results are drawn up in the form of a protocol, which must contain:

Test identification number;

The date of the test;

The name of the organization that conducted the test;

Test results.

9 Control of strength and crack resistance of trays and grids

9.1 Testing of trays by loading to control their strength and crack resistance is carried out in accordance with GOST 8829 and the scheme given in the working drawings, taking into account the requirements of this standard.

9.2 Testing of concrete and reinforced concrete trays by loading is carried out after the concrete reaches the strength of the trays corresponding to the standardized class of concrete in terms of compressive strength and bending tensile strength.

The test of trays with the tempering strength of concrete should be carried out no earlier than 4 hours and no later than 2 days after the end of the heat and moisture treatment.

9.3 Testing of polymer concrete trays by loading is carried out after the polymer concrete reaches the standardized compressive strength and tensile strength in bending, but not earlier than 7 days after their manufacture.

9.4 It is allowed to use trays for testing with cavities, local sagging and spalling of ribs in excess of the permissible ones according to GOST 32955, if the indicated surface defects do not significantly affect the strength and crack resistance of the trays.

9.5 The values ​​of the control (test) load when testing the trays for strength and crack resistance are taken in accordance with GOST 32955.

9.6 Trays of types 2 to 4 are placed on the concrete base or placed in concrete lining, which are manufactured in accordance with the requirements of the design documentation.

9.7 Loading the tray during testing is carried out in steps. The share of the load of each stage should be no more than 10% of the control load, and the last two stages - no more than 5%.

After each stage of the test load is applied, the tray is kept under load for at least 10 minutes, and after the full test load is applied, for at least 30 minutes.

9.8 The width of the crack opening is measured in the places of their greatest opening in accordance with GOST 26433.1 using a magnifying glass with a measuring scale with a graduation of 0.05 mm.

9.9 Testing of gratings by loading to control their strength is carried out in accordance with GOST 3634. The values ​​of the control (test) load are taken in accordance with GOST 32955.

10 Determination of the strength of structural materials

10.1 The compressive and tensile strength of concrete in bending is determined in accordance with GOST 10180 on a series of samples made from a concrete mixture of the working composition and stored under conditions in accordance with GOST 18105.

It is allowed to determine the actual strength of concrete trays by the ultrasonic method according to GOST 17624 in the places established by the working drawings, by mechanical methods of non-destructive testing according to GOST 22690

10.2 The compressive and tensile strength of polymer concrete in bending is determined in accordance with GOST 10180 on a series of samples made from polymer concrete mixture of the working composition.

11 Determination of entrained air volume in concrete mix

The volume of entrained air in the concrete mixture used for the manufacture of concrete and reinforced concrete trays and lining is determined in accordance with GOST 10181 or in accordance with the requirements of national standards in force on the territory of the states that voted for the adoption of the standard.

12 Determination of frost resistance of structural material

12.1 Frost resistance of concrete is determined in accordance with GOST 10060 or in accordance with the requirements of national standards in force on the territory of the states that voted for the adoption of the standard, on a series of samples made from a concrete mixture of a working composition and stored under conditions in accordance with GOST 10180.

12.2 Frost resistance of polymer concrete is determined in accordance with GOST 10060 or in accordance with the requirements of national standards in force on the territory of the states that voted for the adoption of the standard on a series of samples made from a polymer concrete mixture of the working composition.

13 Determination of water resistance of a structural material

Water resistance of concrete and polymer concrete is determined according to GOST 12730.0, GOST 12730.5

14 Determination of water absorption of structural material

Water absorption of concrete and polymer concrete is determined in accordance with GOST 12730.0, GOST 12730.3 on a series of samples made from a concrete or polymer concrete mixture of the working composition.

15 Determination of abrasion resistance of construction material

The abrasion of concrete or polymer concrete from which the trays are made is determined according to GOST 13087.

16 Determination of the specific effective activity of natural

radionuclides

The specific effective activity of natural radionuclides A e of materials is determined according to GOST 30108.

17 Quality control of reinforcement

17.1 Quality control and testing of welded reinforcement and assembly-butt products are performed in accordance with GOST 10922 and GOST 23858.

17.2 The position of reinforcing products in the products, the thickness of the concrete cover to the reinforcement is determined in accordance with GOST 17625 or GOST 22904 in the places indicated in the working drawings.