Physical rehabilitation Therapeutic culture and massage. Introduction LFK and its role in the treatment and rehabilitation of patients. Features and the main tasks of therapeutic gymnastics in the early and intermediate period of TBSM
Rehabilitation - A comprehensive multifaceted problem with various aspects - medical, physical, mental, professional, socio-economic, directed not only to physical recovery and preservation, but also for possible restoration (preservation) of personality and social status. In many countries, the preparation of such specialists who have received the name of the rehabilitologists of the physical condition or kinesitherapists are expanding. One of the most important aspects of the preparation of rehabilitologists is therapeutic physical culture.
Objective of rehabilitation -achieving the complete restoration of the functions disturbed due to a disease or injury, or, if it is unrealistic - the optimal implementation of the physical, mental and social potential of the disabled person, the most adequate integration of it in society.
The basic principles of medical rehabilitation are most fully set out by one of its founders K. Renker (1980):
q Rehabilitation should be carried out, starting from the very occurrence of the disease or injury and up to the complete return of man to society (continuity and foundation).
q The problem of rehabilitation should be solved comprehensively, taking into account all its aspects (complexity).
q Rehabilitation should be accessible to all who need it (availability).
q Rehabilitation should be adapted to the ever-changing structure of diseases, as well as take into account the technical progress and changes in social structures (flexibility).
In view of continuity, it is allocated stationary, outpatient, and in some countries (Poland, Russia) - sometimes the sanatorium stages of medical rehabilitation.
Since one of the leading principles of rehabilitation is the complexity of impacts, rehabilitation may be called only those institutions in which a complex of medical and social and professional-pedagogical measures is carried out. Allocate the following aspects of these events:
1. Medical aspect - includes the issues of therapeutic, medical and diagnostic and medical and preventive plan.
2. The physical aspect - covers all issues related to the use of physical factors (physiotherapy, exercise, exercise, mechanical and work therapy), with an increase in physical performance.
3. The psychological aspect is to accelerate the process of psychological adaptation to the vital disease changed as a result of disease, prevention and treatment of developing pathological mental changes.
4. Professional aspect - working persons - prevention of possible reduction or disability; in disabled people, if possible, disability; This includes issues of determining the working capacity, employment, professional hygiene, physiology and labor psychology, labor training of retraining.
5. Social aspect - covers the impact of social factors on the development and course of illness, social security of labor and pension legislation, the relationship of the patient and family, society and production.
6. The economic aspect is the study of economic costs and the expected economic effect in various ways of reducing treatment, forms and rehabilitation methods for planning medical and socio-economic activities.
Physiotherapy It is one of the most important and effective methods of medical rehabilitation, which is the wider application for diseases of various etiologies with diverse clinical syndromes. This is determined, on the one hand, the breadth of the effects of therapeutic physical exercises on various functional systems of the body is a cardiovascular, respiratory, musculoskeletal, nervous, endocrine, and on the other, the training and reducing effect of these exercises with a shortage of various functions of the body.
Rehabilitation is a complex of therapeutic, psychological, pedagogical, social and labor activities aimed at restoring the health and working capacity of the patient. Rehabilitation is divided into medical and labor.
Medical rehabilitation includes drug, surgical, physiotherapeutic and other types of treatment, which, along with the treatment of the disease, contribute to the early restoration of the functions of the body that are necessary to return to work.
Labor rehabilitation creates favorable conditions Recompusing and patients with reduced ability to return to the previous labor and social environment or provides the ability to change the profession. For this purpose, against the background of continuing treatment, the patient provides recommendations on a suitable profession for health, led by new professional skills. Medical and labor rehabilitation are associated with each other, and medical rehabilitation is gradually moving into labor.
For successful rehabilitation, it is necessary: \u200b\u200ban early start of restoration measures, a rapid continuity treatment from the onset of the disease before its outcome, a complex nature of treatment, including all types of rehabilitation treatment and labor rehabilitation, individualization of measures, taking into account the personal characteristics of the patient.
The most common 3-point rehabilitation system is the most common: the hospital is a stationary center of rehabilitation or sanatorium - a polyclinic (sanatorium). At all stages of rehabilitation, therapeutic physical culture is widely used.
At the hospital stage, therapeutic physical culture (with early use) warns the development of complications leading to reduction of working capacity. In the process of classes, the patient is learned by the correct position in bed, passive movements, adapts to expanding the volume of movements in the sitting position, then standing, learns walking. With long-term rehabilitation, therapeutic physical culture is aimed at eliminating disturbed functions, the development of compensation, the overall strengthening of the body.
In the stationary rehabilitation center, therapeutic physical culture pursues the goal of further intensifying the patient, preparations for household activities, restoring self-service skills, workout in walking, creating the basics for the use of work therapy.
In the polyclinic, therapeutic physical culture is aimed at further restoration of functions, and in the necessary cases - to improve compensation, the preparation of a patient to socially useful work. Motor quality rises by training. Along with gymnastic exercises, sports and applied exercises and games are widely used.
Thus, the classes of therapeutic physical culture in the process of rehabilitation ensure the fight against hypokinesia and stimulate the activity of the patient himself, improve compensation and adapt it to physical exertion (Yu. A. Danko).
In athletes who received injuries, with disease or physical overvoltage, rehabilitation is aimed at restoring health, impaired functions, sports health and sports skills. The complex of rehabilitation activities use medical, pedagogical and psychological means, as well as therapeutic physical culture. During the period of recovery in classes, the general arraying exercises of a sports and auxiliary nature or therapeutic physical culture are combined with a specially organized training. In case of injury to maintain or restore sports form, exercises are used in the training dosages for the development of the strength of various muscle groups of intact parts of the body in the initial positions that exclude the load on the injured area, and to maintain endurance - swimming. Depending on sports specialization, exercises that support motor quality and skills needed for this athlete are selected.
Introduction 2 Healing Physical Culture (LFC) 3
Features of exercise practices with students who have deviations in a state of health 5
Cardiovascular Diseases 7
Functional disorders of posture and scoliosis 8
Diseases of digestive organs 9
Diseases of kidneys and urinary tract 10
Diseases of the joints 10.
Conclusion 12.
List of used literature 13
Introduced.
Physical activity - One of the important living conditions and human development. It should be considered as a biological stimulus, stimulating the processes of growth, development and formation of the body.
Physical activity depends on the functionality of the patient, its age, gender and health.
Exercise (training) lead to the development of functional adaptation.
Physical activity, taking into account socio-domestic conditions, ecology and other factors, changes the reactivity, the adaptability of the body.
The prophylactic and therapeutic effect at dosage training is possible under the observance of a number of principles: systematic, regularity, duration, dosing loads, individualization.
Depending on the state of health, the patient uses "various means of physical culture and sports, and with deviations in a state of health - therapeutic physical culture (LFC). The leaf in this case is a method of functional therapy.
Medical Physical Culture (LFC)
A feature of the leaf method is also its natural-biological content, since one of the main functions is used in therapeutic purposes, inherent in any living organism - the function of movement. The latter is a biological stimulus, stimulating the processes of growth, development and formation of the body. Any complex of medical physical education includes a patient to active participation in the medical process - as opposed to other therapeutic methods, when the patient usually passive and therapeutic procedures performs medical personnel (for example, physiotherapist).
LFC is also a method of functional therapy. Exercise, stimulating the functional activity of all major systems of the body, as a result, lead to the development of functional adaptation of the patient. But at the same time it is necessary to remember the unity of functional and morphological and not limit the therapeutic role of the LFC by the framework of functional influences. LFC should be considered by the method of pathogenetic therapy. Physical exercises, affecting the patient's reactivity, change both the overall reaction and its local manifestation. The patient's training should be considered as a process of systematic and dosed use of physical exercises with the aim of general rehabilitation of the body, improving the function of one or another body disturbed by the painful process, development, education and consolidation of motor (motor) skills and volitional qualities.
Stimulated effect on the body of physical exercises is carried out through neurohumoral mechanisms.
When performing physical exercises in tissues, metabolism is enhanced.
For most patients, a decrease in the vital tone is characteristic. It is inevitable in the conditions of the beddown due to the reduction of motor activity. At the same time, the stream of proprioceptive stimuli is sharply reduced, which leads to a decrease in the lability of the nervous system at all of its levels, the intensity of the flow of vegetative processes and the tone of muscles. With prolonged bed mode, especially in combination with immobilization, neuromatic and vegetative reactions are perversion.
Exercise acts toning, stimulating motor-visceral reflexes, they contribute to the acceleration of metabolic processes in tissues, activating humoral processes. With the corresponding selection of exercises, you can selectively affect motor-vascular, engine-cardiac, motor-pulmonal, motor-gastrointestinal and other reflexes, which makes it possible to increase mainly the tone of those systems and organs that it is reduced.
Physical exercises contribute to the normalization of acid-alkaline equilibrium, vascular tone, homeostasis, metabolism of injured fabrics, as well as sleep. They facilitate the mobilization of the protective forces of the organism of the patient and the separative regeneration of damaged tissues.
The use of physical exercise patients is the main means of active intervention in the process of forming compensation.
Spontaneous compensation is formed as a correction of the respiratory function of the operated patients with breathing exercises, extension of exhalation, diaphragmal respiration, etc.
Formation of compensation of impaired vegetative functions. The use of physical exercises in this case is based on the fact that there is not a single vegetative function, which, according to the mechanism of motor-visceral reflexes, would not submit to one way or another influence on the part of the muscular-articular apparatus.
Features of exercise practices with students who have deviations in a state of health
Students of colleges, universities, universities, depending on the physical development, the state of health and functional training are divided into 3 groups: the main, preparatory and special. Students who have deviations in a state of health are usually chronic diseases or damage to the musculoskeletal system, are engaged in special medical groups.
The recruitment of groups is carried out by the doctor. The main criterion for inclusion in a special medical group is one or another disease, the level of physical fitness, the foci of chronic infection. Groups are formed on nosology (morbidity). Thus, students with diseases of cardiorespiratory, digestive, endocrine systems make up one group; Students with injuries (diseases) Odi, peripheral nervous system - another; having deviations from hearing or vision - the third; Having deviations from the CNS (neurosis, etc.) - the fourth.
The following tasks are facing the heads of special medical groups of students: improving the functional state and prevention of disease progression; an increase in physical and mental performance, adaptation to external factors; removal of fatigue and increase adaptation capabilities; Education of hardening needs, improving physical education.
Medical contraindications to physical exertion (physical education classes) are absolute and relative.
Physical education lessons in special medical groups are carried out under the following diseases: blood circulation organs; joint diseases; diseases of the respiratory organs; diseases of digestive organs; diseases of the kidneys and urinary tract; endocrine and metabolic diseases; female diseases; nervous and mental illness; Surgical diseases; traumatology and orthopedics; eye diseases and LOR organs; Skin diseases.
The rehabilitation system includes physical education lessons, preferably on fresh air, LFC classes, Terrenkur, Skiing, Bicycle Ride, etc. Preferably cyclic sports, especially in diseases of the heart, lung, obesity, etc.
When conducting classes with students who have changes (diseases) of the musculoskeletal system, preventive measures are important, aimed primarily at giving the student to the proper posture and to normalize the functions of the sample, the prevention of contractures. Excessive loads should not be allowed (especially in the standing position, lifting weights, performing exercises on simulators, etc.). Exercises with dumbbells, balls and on simulators should be performed only in sparingly for the spine mode, lying and with the inclusion at the end of exercise exercises and relaxation.
An integral part of physical education is medical control, which is held in accordance with the "Regulations on medical control over the physical education of the population" (approved by the Order of the USSR Ministry of Health No. 986 of 1977). First of all, these are annual in-depth medical examinations (UMO) students. The medical commission includes doctors of different specialties: therapist, traumatologist-surgeon, oculist, neuropathologist, gynecologist, otolaryngologist and other specialists. Anthropometric and morphological studies (surveys of all students), fluorography (or radiography of lungs and hearts), electrocardiography (ECG), clinical analysis of blood, urine and testing. In addition, prophylactic examinations of all courses are held annually (quarterly or semesters).
There are many forms of physical culture that are used to normalize the functional state and posture of students, as well as for the prevention of diseases.
Cardiovascular disease
For students with diseases of the cardiovascular system, a group method of classes is shown, preferably on the street, in the park or in the square, that is, physical culture in combination with hardening. The occupation is built so that cyclic movements prevailed (various types of walking and running, their combination, ski rides, skating, breathing exercises). In winter, you need to follow the students breathing through the nose. Showing exercises for relaxation. Exercises are excluded with breathing delay, outset, etc.
In the process of occupying, control over the pulse, breathing, skin color and the general state of the student. Morning gymnastics and hardening are very important. In the autumn-spring period - vitaminization (the reception of vitamins C and E is especially shown). If it is possible, it is recommended to carry out UFO.
Functional disorders of posture and scoliosis
Functional disorders of the posture is a muscle imbalance. They are associated with functional changes of the ODA (weakness of muscles, ligaments, etc.) in hypodynamine (restriction of movements), incorrect working position, etc. Disruption of posture is manifested in reducing or increasing the physiological curvature of the spinal column.
To prevent the defects of posture and its normalization, daily physical education classes are needed (UGG, rubber bandage exercises, a gymnastic stick, stuffed balls, with dumbbells in the position of lying, classes on simulators with small stresses in the position of lying, midstairs, swimming, special exercises at the gymnastic wall and etc.). Exercises with dumbbells are excluded in the initial position standing, jumping and dumps with dumbbells. The occupation includes mobile games (or elements of sports games), respiratory and generalizing exercises, walking, walking in the critic, skiing, ride a bike, etc. There must be a great place to occupy swimming and hydroenezotherapy. With regular classes (3-5 times a week, 35-45 minutes), it is possible to eliminate the functional disorders of the posture. Scoliosis is the progressive disease of the spine, is characterized by its curvature. The deformation of the spine leads to numerous violations of the activities of the internal organs. One of the important problems of physical education is to suspend the progression of the disease.
Depending on the degree of scoliosis, one or another complex of physical exercises is used: walking, walking in the critic, general ardent and breathing exercises. Exercises with dumbbells, printed balls are performed in the lying position. Hydroxyotherapy, swimming (method of breeding), exercises with a gymnastic stick, stretching exercises, on the gymnastic wall and others successfully train muscles. An exercises for coordination, balance and a number of general weary exercises for muscles, belly, buttocks, etc. Regular physical education classes make it possible to stop the progression of the disease, liquidate muscle asymmetry, etc.
Diseases of digestive organs
The most common hyperacid gastritis, ulcer of the stomach and duodenal intestine, cholecystitis and dyskinesia of the biliary tract, colitis (more often in women). In addition, the commemoration of the stomach is not uncommon. The nature of the influence of training for digestion is different: weak (small, moderate) loads stimulate, strong (intense, long-term) inhibit the function of the gastrointestinal tract (motor, secretory and absorptic). In addition, exercise has a positive effect on regenerative processes in the gastric mucosa and duodenum. This improves microcirculation in the tissues of the mucous membrane, in the muscles, increases the volume of circulating blood (BCC).
The restoration of the conditionally reflex activity of the gastrointestinal tract begins an hour after meals and reaches a maximum of only 3-3.5 hours after meals. The feeling of satiety is accompanied by a decrease in the excitability of skeletal muscles. Thus, the performance of physical exercises is shortly after eating violates the natural processes of digestion. Failure to follow these rules leads to the deterioration of functional and regenerative processes in the gastrointestinal tract.
Classes are held during the remission. The occupation includes walking, running (their combination), respiratory and overall exercises, mobile games (or sports games), swimming, cycling, walking on skis, etc. At first, you should spare an abdominal press, avoid exercises on simulators. It is better to include overall exercises in the lying position, sitting, with breathing exercises ("Breathing with belly").
With increased irritability and breakdown, the classes are advisable to carry out music (or color music). At home after the completion of the UG, a shower is shown or wiping with cool water.
Diseases of kidneys and urinary tract
The following diseases are most often: hydronephrosis, glomerulonephritis, pyelitis, pyelonephritis, renal disease, cystitis, kidney omission, etc.
Physical education is carried out during remission. The occupation includes dosage walking, running, moving games (or elements of sports games), skiing, overall and breathing exercises, exercises on simulators. In the summer - riding a bike (with urolithiasis - pre-drink 0.5-1.5 liters of liquid), walking around rough terrain. When the kidney is omitted, jumping, swelling and similar exercises are excluded, a special complex of overall exercises and swimming is performed.
Supplements should be avoided (swimming in the autumn-winter period in the pool, the reception of the cold shower or pouring cold water), which can provoke exacerbation of diseases.
Diseases of Justov
According to WHO, every fifth resident of the planet has a violation of the functions of the joints or makes complaints of pain in them. Of the numerous diseases of the joints, inflammatory diseases (arthritis) and degenerative (arthrosis) are the most common.
The first group of diseases include arthritis infectious, and rheumatoid arthritis, etc. KO to the second - deforming osteoarthritis, periatritis, etc.
Arthritis - systemic disease of the connective tissue, manifested mainly by chronic progressive inflammation of the joints, restricting movements in the joint (joints), muscle atrophy, etc. When progressing the disease, the restriction of movements increases, the joint pain occurs not only with the load, but also at rest.
The role of training during the remission is especially great. Under the influence of physical exercises, the activity of cardiovascular, respiratory systems, neuro-muscular apparatus is activated, the metabolism is normalized, the mobility in the joint is improved, muscle power increases, pain disappears.
Active movements should be carried out in clothing conditions (in the lying position, on all fours, sitting, in water, in seeers, etc.). Exercise performs should not be accompanied by painful sensations.
In case of infectious arthritis in occupation, it includes walking on foot, riding a bike, walking on skiing, wearing and breathing exercises, exercises with projectiles (balls, sticks, dumbbells, etc.) in the position lying and sitting, mobile games (or elements of sports games). Jumping, swellings (multi-skins), exercises with dumbbells, gary of standing, as well as swimming in the autumn-winter period due to the danger of exacerbation of the disease.
With arthrosis, classes on simulators, hydroenezotherapy, swimming are shown. In addition, in the occupation include mobile games (or elements of sports games), walking, skiing, riding a bike, rowing, etc.
When conducting independent sessions, it includes ugg, cycling (exercise bike), walking on skis and hardware procedures.
Conclusion
Therapeutic physical education (LFC) is a method that uses physical culture tools with therapeutic and prophylactic goal for a faster and full restoration of health and prevention of complications of the disease. The LFC is usually used in combination with other therapeutic agents against the background of the regulated regime and in accordance with therapeutic tasks.
At the individual stages of the course of treatment, the FFC contributes to the prevention of complications caused by a long afloat; accelerating the elimination of anatomical and functional disorders; preservation, restoration, or creating new conditions for the functional adaptation of the body of the patient to physical exertion.
The existing factor of the LFC is exercise, that is, movements, specially organized (gymnastic, sports and applied, game) and used as a non-specific stimulus in order to treat and rehabilitate the patient. Exercise contributes to the restoration of not only physical, but also mental forces.
BIBLIOGRAPHY:
1. Dubrovsky V.I. and cooking PI "Self-adjusting in physical culture classes", - M.: Physical education and Sport, 1984.
2. Dubrovsky V.I. and Dubrovsky N.M. "Practical massage benefit", - M.: Step, 1993.
17 Literature .... .............................................................................. 19 Introduction LFK) Medical physical training (LFK) - a set of treatments, prevention and ... complex cases - doctor LFK. Application medical physical education, increasing the effectiveness of integrated therapy ...
Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine
Tauride National University named after V.I. Vernadsky
Sevastopol Economic and Humanitarian Institute
Department of Physical Rehabilitation
COURSE WORK
The role of physical and medical rehabilitation in the recovery process
Specialty 7.01.0202
"Physical Rehabilitation"
Course 5, group P501
Levitskaya Ekaterina Vladimirovna
scientific adviser
M.I. Myakinkovkova.
Sevastopol 2006.
Introduction
Conclusion
Literature
Introduction
For a coach, an instructor of the LFC, a rehabilitologist, the doctor is important to correctly understand how purposefully influence the human body to increase its health and to restore health disturbed by disease.
The purpose of this work is to determine the role of physical and medical rehabilitation in the recovery process. For the effective return of patients and people with disabilities to household and labor processes, it is important to know the principles of medical rehabilitation, pedagogy, methods of physical culture, the mechanisms of physiological adaptation of the body to physical exertion. It is necessary to own modern medical knowledge, theoretical and practical skills to achieve maximum results in the process of restoring the personality properties of a person and the return of the patient to society.
The World Health Organization is considering rehabilitation as "... a set of measures designed to provide persons with impaired functions as a result of diseases, injuries and innate defects. Adaptation to new living conditions in society in which they live." Sick and disabled people must achieve the most possible physical, mental, professional, social and economic usefulness with a given disease.
Rehabilitation (from Latelates. Rehabilitatio - recovery) in medicine - a complex of medical, pedagogical, professional measures aimed at restoring (or compensation) of the disturbed functions of the body and the disabilities of patients and disabled. This is a system of activities aimed at restoring the health and working capacity of patients and return to the active life of persons with disabilities. The rehabilitation of patients and disabled should be a comprehensive system of state, medical, pedagogical, sports, industrial, household and other events.
1. The role of medical rehabilitation in restoration
Medical rehabilitation - initial link in the system of general rehabilitation, for a fellow man, first of all, needs medical care. Essentially, between the period of treatment of the diseased person and the period of its medical rehabilitation, or rehabilitation treatment, there is no clear boundary. Medical rehabilitation begins in the hospital almost simultaneously with the cessation of acute manifestations of the disease. It is then that it is time for the fogging of illness and restoration measures, for which all types of necessary treatment are used - surgical, therapeutic, orthopedic, etc. Special rehabilitation treatment is carried out in the branch of rehabilitation (rehabilitation treatment) in the same or special hospital, and if there is no need for further Staying a patient in the hospital - in the separation of the recovery treatment of the clinic or in the rehabilitation center. Staying in the departments of reducing treatment, periodic treatment in sanatoriums or at the resort, where physiotherapy, work therapy, medical physical education, etc. is widely used, and is actually a medical rehabilitation. In physiotherapy for rehabilitation, physical factors have basic importance, which contribute to an increase in the body's resistance to external and internal influences, enhance the protective adaptive mechanisms. Empty therapy is a natural stimulant, restores general activity, relieves the strength of the voltage, facilitates the relationship. Therapeutic physical education stimulates the active activity of all organism systems, contributes to an increase in overall performance. The main task of medical rehabilitation is the full restoration of the functionality of various systems of the body and the musculoskeletal system, as well as the development of compensatory devices to the conditions of everyday life and work.
2. Who needs reducing treatment
In reducing treatment, patients need severe diseases (myocardial infarction, hemorrhage in the brain, damage to the spinal cord, diseases of the joints and spine, accompanied by deformations); patients with congenital or acquired disorders of the musculoskeletal system; suffering defects of vision, speech and hearing organs, patients with severe defeats of the central nervous system; mentally ill; Persons, transferred heavy operations on the heart and internal organs; People who have lost their ability due to long and frequent diseases; Disabled of all groups.
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights guarantees persons with limited physical and intellectual opportunities, and there are 450 million in the world, the right to full and equal participation in all spheres of society. In the UN Declaration on the Rights of Disabled Persons (1975,2.1.) It is said that "... people with disabilities have an integral right to ... Medical, psychological or functional treatment, to restore health and position in society ..." Such is the declaration, but in many countries, people with disabilities are often deprived Opportunities to implement yourself. But it is the disabled people, like no one else need restorative treatment. As underlined in WHO materials, the rehabilitation of persons with disabilities is a set of measures to ensure the opportunity to return or close as much as possible to a full-fledged social life.
A modern rehabilitation course can be systematized on individual medical diseases: rehabilitation in traumatology and orthopedics, rehabilitation for diseases of the cardiovascular system, recovery after operational interventions on the organs of the chest and abdominal cavity, during diseases and damage to the nervous system. A separate item should be highlighted with rehabilitation for diseases and damage in children and adolescents, restoring women after childbirth and gynecological operations, rehabilitation of people with disabilities.
3. Medical rehabilitation in Ukraine
Medical rehabilitation is aimed at full or partial recovery or compensation of a disturbed or lost function. The right to free medical, including rehabilitation assistance in Ukraine, is enshrined by legislation on health care, labor. Pension provision of workers in the event of a loss of disability is provided; Citizens have the right to material support for the entire period of disability. Rehabilitation makes it possible to people long and often ill, avoid disability, and many people with disabilities return to active labor and public life. IN last years In Ukraine and the Crimea, special attention is paid to the development of a network of institutions carrying out regenerative treatment. Departments of rehabilitation treatment are created in large clinics, as well as specialized hospitals that become rehabilitation centers. The rehabilitation service has developed in the structure of rehabilitation centers for the profile of diseases (cardiological, neurological, orthopedic, etc.) Extensive experience in organizing restorative treatment has been accumulated in practical health care, Kharkov, Evpatoria, Yalta and a number of other cities of the country. Recovery treatment continues until the patient's health or disabilities will not be restored. But in the event that the treatment does not give the proper effect, the disabled person remains under the supervision of doctors and gets everything necessary to maintain health. Dates of stay in hospitals rehabilitation departments, in some research Institutions having the separation of restoration treatment, in physiotherapy hospitals, in sanatoriums and in resorts are established individually depending on the shape and course of the disease. Recovery treatment in our country is carried out for free, trade union organizations pay 80-100% of the cost of sanatorium junctions, participants of wars, Chernobyl, veterans enjoy special benefits. With the transition of the economy of Ukraine to market economy In the country there were private rehabilitation centers that provide paid services. Caring for human health is an immutable law and health care, and for all state, public organizations, the whole society. Ill or injured, injury, which became temporarily disabled or disabled, receives not only treatment; Health and Social Security Bodies, Professional Unions, Folk Education Bodies (for Children), Enterprise or Organization, where the patient worked, take the necessary measures to restore its health, return to active life, possible facilitation of the state. Ukraine has a huge amount of recreational resources for the use of climate, mineral waters, therapeutic mud, sea bathing in the process of rehabilitation treatment. In addition to balneotherapy, mud, climatotherapy in the healing complex of the sanatorium include physiotherapeutic procedures, therapeutic physical culture, therapeutic nutrition, less often the purpose of drugs. The main resorts of Ukraine are: Alupka, Alushta, Artek, Livadia, Foros, Gurzuf, Castropol, Yalta and other resorts of the South Coast of Crimea; Transcarpathian resorts, Berezovsky Mineralnye Waters, Worokhta, Evpatoria, Koncha-Zaspa, Kuyalnitsky, Mirgorod, Morshin, Nemirov, Odessa group of resorts, Saki, Sudak, Khmelnik and many others. An important link in the complex treatment of sick children is a children's sanatorium. In many resorts (Evpatoria, Yalta, Saki), sanatoriums are operating to treat parents with children aged 4 to 14 years. There are also sanatorium schools, and for children of preschool age, sanatorium and gardens (children's sanatorium "Sunny", "Teremok" in Sevastopol). Children's local sanatoriums take children aged 11 to 14 years. Children with disorders of the musculoskeletal system, including children's cerebral paralysis, are accepted in sanatoriums from 3 years. Sanatorium-presences are widely used for rehabilitation treatment. They have modern diagnostic equipment, equipment for balneo- and physiotherapy and therapeutic physical education.
4. The difference of recovery from rehabilitation
The recovery of the patient after the suffering disease and its rehabilitation is not at all the same, since in addition to restoring the patient's health, it is also necessary to restore its performance (working capacity), social status, that is, to return the person to a full life in the family, society, the team. Rehabilitation - a multifaceted process for restoring human health. Along with medical rehabilitation and in direct connection with it there are other forms of rehabilitation: psychological, pedagogical, socio-economic, professional, household. Physical rehabilitation is an integral part of medical and socio-labor rehabilitation, using funds and methods of physical culture, massage and physical factors.
Under psychological rehabilitation, the impact of a doctor on a patient or a disabled personality in order to overcome the sense of hopelessness in their consciousness, an idea of \u200b\u200bthe uselessness of treatment, to instill faith in a safe outcome of treatment, especially in some, at least minor, shifts during the disease. This form of rehabilitation accompanies the entire cycle of reducing treatment.
Under pedagogical rehabilitation, educational measures are understood for patients, especially sick children. These measures are aimed at ensuring that the child mastered the necessary skills and self-service skills, he received school education. It is very important to develop psychological confidence from the child and create the right teaching and labor orientation. And here the role of parents is extremely great. With regard to adults, it is planned to prepare them for accessible activities, education of confidence that the acquired knowledge will be useful in subsequent employment. And in this case, the positive effect of others is invaluable.
Socio-economic rehabilitation - a set of activities, which includes the provision of a patient or disabled personally and convenient for him housing near the place of work, maintaining the confidence that they are useful members of society; Material support for a patient or disabled and his family by payments for temporary disability or disability, prescribing pension, etc.
Professional rehabilitation provides for training or retraining accessible forms of labor (for example, free training in special collections of social security bodies or societies of blind and deaf), providing individual technical devices to facilitate the use of the working tool, the adaptation of the workplace in the previous enterprise to the functionality of the patient's body or Disabled, organization of special workshops and enterprises for disabled people with lightweight working conditions and abbreviated working day.
Household rehabilitation includes the provision of disabilities of the necessary prostheses, personal means of movement of the house and on the street.
During the entire period of regenerative treatment, a patient or a disabled person must consciously and responsibly refer to their health, to help their behavior to their own body and doctors to cope with the ailment.
Physical rehabilitation is an integral part of medical, social and professional rehabilitation, a system of measures to restore or compensate for physical capabilities and intellectual abilities, an increase in the functional state of the body, improving physical qualities, psycho-emotional stability and adaptive reserves of the human body by means and methods of physical culture, sport and sports elements. Preparation, massage, physiotherapy and natural factors.
5. The role of physical rehabilitation in restoration
Physical rehabilitation is of paramount importance in the recovery process. It should be considered as a medical and pedagogical and educational process. The main means of physical rehabilitation are exercise and sport elements. They give a positive effect when adequate to the possibilities of a patient or disabled person. Multi-time and systematically repeated physical activity gradually causes positive functional in the human body, and sometimes structural changes. As a result of the workout it is possible to increase exercise. At the same time, motor skills are improved, force, endurance, speed, flexibility, dexterity are developing and improved. No other means and methods of rehabilitation are not able to replace physical exercises. As a result of the workout, regulation mechanisms are normalized, the adaptive capabilities of the patient's body to dynamically changing environmental conditions increase, new motor skills are formed and strengthened. Skeletal muscles, which more than 400 make up the active part of the human movement apparatus. A good effect is made daily walks on foot. Making only one step, a person moves about 300 muscles (108- on the lower extremities, 144 on the spinal column, 20 heads in equilibrium, as well as some muscles of the upper extremities). Hydgodynamia of consumer society. Motor activity, correct posture, formation of a muscular corset, a healthy lifestyle allows you to preserve youth. A healthy lifestyle provides the necessary motor minimum. Only systematically engaged in, you can count on a positive effect. It is necessary to take into account their capabilities, state of health, the level of training and the recommendation of the attending physician. Whatever perfect medicine, it cannot save a person from all diseases. Man is the Creator His Health itself. For children with disabilities from an early age, it is necessary to conduct an active lifestyle, hardening, engage in physical education and sports, keep the rules of personal hygiene, in a word, to achieve intelligent paths of genuine harmony of health. Considering the power exercises optimal on the load, you can develop and maintain a beautiful physique and vigor. It is 15-20 years ago power exercises with dumbbells for the elderly and disabled people were contraindicated. Today, their use, subject to the principles of dosing, the load is recognized not only possible, but also necessary. Improves the adaptability of the body to real living conditions. As a result of the recreation training, the functionality of the cardiovascular system increases. There is an economization of the work of the heart in a state of rest and increasing the reserve capabilities of the circulatory apparatus during muscle activity. As the training and reduction of myocardial needs in oxygen increases, the level of the threshold load increases, which a person can perform without a threat of myocardium ischemia and the attack of angina. There is a decrease in the tone of the sympathetic nervous system. As a result, the body's resistance to stressful influences increases. Under the influence of training, the level of total endurance and physical performance, which are indicators of biological age and viability increases. The risk factors of cardiovascular disease are reduced: the weight of the body and the fat mass, cholesterol content and triglycerides in the blood decrease arterial pressure and cardiac frequency. In addition, regular physical training allows largely to slow down the development of age-related changes in physiological functions, as well as degenerative changes various organs and systems (including delay and reverse development of atherosclerosis). The performance of physical exercises has a positive effect on all links of the engine device, preventing the development of degenerative changes associated with age and hypodynamines. The mineralization of bone tissue and calcium content in the body increases, which prevents the development of osteoporosis. The influx of lymphs to the articular cartilage and intervertebral discs increases, which is the best tool for the prevention of arthrosis and osteochondrosis. Overcome many diseases difficult, but perhaps.
It must be borne in mind that exercise classes contribute to health promotion, improving the biological mechanisms of protective and adaptive reactions, an increase in non-specific stability to various harmful environmental influences, only with a mandatory condition that the degree of physical activity in these classes is optimal for this particular person. Only the optimal degree of physical activity corresponding to the possibilities of a person performing it provides health promotion, physical improvement, prevents a number of diseases and contributes to an increase in life expectancy. The physical activity is less optimal does not give the desired effect, above optimal becomes excessive, and excessive load instead of a health effect can cause the occurrence of various diseases and even sudden death against heart overvoltage. Adequate physical training, the occupation of the health physical culture is able to largely suspend painful or age changes of various functions. Physical work, physical fitness in the fresh air, and especially harmful to health are smoking and abuse of alcoholic beverages are especially helpful.
In physical rehabilitation great importance It is paid to therapeutic physical education (LFC). LFK is the use of physical culture with therapeutic and preventive objectives. Widely used with complex treatment in hospitals, clinics, sanatoriums. Proper use of the FFC accelerates recovery, contributes to the restoration of impaired ability to work and return patients to work.
6. From the history of therapeutic and recreational physical education
Nothing is so deplete and does not destroy a person as long-term physical inaction. (Aristotle)
In the depths of the centuries, our ancestors have developed complexes of physical exercises serving a good man. In the medical universities created in India in the 2nd century BC, studied yoga, massage therapy. In China, presumably in 2698 BC. The Kunfu book was written, in which the qualified descriptions of various exercises of therapeutic gymnastics were systematized. In the 3rd century BC Daoist doctor Hua-Dha, based on observations for various animals: bears, monkeys, birds, tigers and deer, developed a system of relaxing and stretching exercises, with the help of which many diseases treated. An ancient Greek and ancient Roman ideal was a handsome man. Exercise was considered in Ancient Greece and Rome the most important ways of treating many diseases. Ancient Greek scientist Heodik's hedgehog (500 BC), Medicine Hippocrat's father argued that the origin of most diseases was laid in the error of nutrition and motor activity. Subsequently, Hippocrat wrote: "Gymnastics, exercise, walking should be firmly in the daily life of everyone who wants to preserve health, health, full and joyful life." The ancient Roman doctor of Claudius Galen recommended patients not only gymnastic exercises, but also a rowing, horse riding, hunting, picking up fruits and grapes, walks, massage. The doctor and philosopher of Central Asia Avicenna in the "Canon of Medical Science" widespread exercise as an important element of treatment. In 1 century BC The numerous elements of the Tibetan theory of therapeutic gymnastics were formed. Based on the physical culture of an ancient and medieval China, the materials of the Scandinavian mythology, the Chinese medical gymnastics, the works of Guts-Mutsa Swede Per Henric Ling (1776-1839) brought the concept that physical education should be built on knowledge confirmed by anatomy and biology. Swede Ellin Falk (1872-1942) his many years of pedagogical experience was summarized in the reference book on the Physical Education, he created new exercises of therapeutic physical education. In the US, Professor Medicine D. Luleis (1823-1886) convinced citizens that "in gymnastics, first of all, not enough children with a weak physique are needed." In 1904, the "Directory of Physical Education" was published in London, where it was said that physical education should ensure good health, to correct physical disadvantages under the influence of surrounding factors.
Outstanding scientific and doctors M.Y.Mudrov (1776-1831), N.Ipirogov (1810-1881), S.P. Botkin (1832-1889), G.A. Zakharin (1829-1897), P. F.Lesgaf constantly emphasized the importance of gymnastics, motor regime, massage, hardening and work therapy.
Today there is a huge amount of techniques that allow rehabilitated after many diseases. M.Norbekova M.Norbekova's health and health is increasingly popular. In class on his system, the priority is attached to the development of the spine, as well as healing and proper breathing. Enjoy the success of foreign techniques Merrity Chayldres and Brecha fields. Chinese massage applies and chinese gymnastics Chin. The exercises from Hatha Yoga are popular. Classes under the program "Yoga for all" are usually accompanied by the effect of developed self-confidence, strengthening the force of will and sincere equilibrium. The legend man Valentin Dikul is based on his own experience and extensive scientific knowledge created a unique reducing technique, part of which are exercises for breast muscles and backs. Today, fitness programs that can be performed anywhere, they do not require shells and special equipment, popular phyto and hydrotherapy, music therapy, aerotherapy, hippotherapy, etc.
7. The role of therapeutic physical education in the restoration
Therapeutic physical culture (LFC) -Od from the leading methods of medical and physical rehabilitation, the section of medicine that studies treatment and prevention of diseases of physical education methods (usually in combination with physiotherapy procedures, massage, influence of natural factors (sun, air, water)). The main therapeutic method is therapeutic gymnastics. Apply hygienic gymnastics, dosage sports exercises (walking, terrenkur); Games, strictly dosed exercises (swimming, walking on skis, rowing). Special devices are applicable to restore the lost functions of disabled people (limbs, joints). Using unconventional molds of the exhibition (classes in a dry pool, phytball). Contraindications to the LFC are: severe pain, danger of bleeding, temperature above 37.5 and conservative treatment of malignant tumors. Clinical recovery, i.e. The normalization of the temperature, the disappearance of the symptoms of the disease, does not mean that there has been a complete restoration of the functional state of the body and its health. Bed regimen causes the extinction of vascular reflexes associated with changing the position of the body. When you get up in a patient - dizziness and even loss of consciousness. Exercises with gradual variation of the position of the head, torso, the lower extremities restore post-vascular reflexes. Restoration of the level of total training and motor qualities reduced during the disease period is achieved in the subsequent systematic training, finally normalizing vegetative and motor functions. . Meeting of physical exercises varies during the course of treatment and rehabilitation, depending on the nature of the disease, its flow, condition and physical fitness of the patient, as well as from the type of medical and prophylactic institution (hospital, clinic, sanatorium), assigning exercises, the doctor takes into account the nature and degree of change In systems and organs, the stage of illness, information about parallel treatment. At the heart of the treatment of exercises lies a strictly dosed training, a targeted process of restoring and improving the disturbed functions of a holistic organism, its individual systems and organs. For recovery, three periods of the FFC are used. The first period of the forced period of the forced position when the anatomical and functional state of the body is violated. The patient is assigned bedding. The second periodical periodical period of the restoration of the anatomy of the organ, when its function remains disturbed. Seuming mode when the patient sits and walks around the ward. The third period - training-stage of the final restoration of the function of not only the affected body, but also the whole organism as a whole, when it becomes possible to adapt to household loads and training of the whole organism. As a result of systematic exercises, the body adapts to gradually increasing loads, correction (alignment) of disorders arising in the process of disease occurs. The basis of therapeutic effects of physical exercises and other facilities of the LFC is the impact on the nervous system, which thus regulates the functions of affected organs and systems, stimulates the mechanisms of recovery and recovery. Physical exercises have a general consensus effect, contribute to the normalization of lost or restoring lost functions, affect the trophic functions of the nervous system, increase the effect of other attending factors (drug, physiotherapy, balneological, etc.) with recovery, some medical methods are limited or excluded, and the proportion of the extension increases . Cashing exercises, the patient himself actively participates in the hospital and recovery process, and this has a beneficial effect on his psycho-emotional sphere. Classes have and educational importance: the patient gets used to systematically perform exercise, it becomes its everyday habit. LFC classes are moving in general physical education, becoming the need of a person after recovery.
8. Forms of therapeutic physical education and their meaning
There are several forms of exercise classes. Consider 8 of them:
1. Related by therapeutic gymnastics are necessary to restore the function of the affected organ and the whole organism as a whole. Each occupation is based on a specific plan and includes 3 sections: the introductory, the main and final. In the introductory part, elementary gymnastic and breathing exercises prepare the patient to the increasing physical exertion are given. The main part includes special and general arraying exercises that have a positive impact on the affected body and the whole organism. In the final part, elementary gymnastic and respiratory exercises, contributing to the relaxation of muscle groups and reduce the overall physical exertion. Gymnastic exercises are performed without objects and with various objects (with a gymnastic stick, hoop, ball), with additional cargo, exercises on balls of various diameters, on gymnastic equipment. For example, phytball gymnastics, gymnastics on large elastic balls. Vibration sitting on the ball in physiological effects is similar to hippotherapy (riding riding treatment). With optimal and systematic load, a strong muscular corset is created, the function of the internal organs is improved, the nerve processes are being equalized, all physical qualities are developing and motor skills are formed, a positive impact on a psycho-emotional sphere.
2. Long hygienic gymnastics helps the body faster moving away from the state of rest during sleep, when all physiological processes slow down to wakefulness, active activity. Systematic charging increases the overall tone of the body, promotes health promotion, improves the activity of cardiovascular, nervous and respiratory systems, strengthens the metabolism, strengthens and develops muscles, contributes to the formation of proper posture. In people who are constantly dealing with charging, health improves, the appetite is improved, overall health, sleep. Daily charging raises health benefits to systematic physical education. It is necessary to engage in a heated room or on the street, in an easy way to move the movement. After charging, water procedures are recommended in compliance with the rules of hardening the body. The character of charging in the recovery period will tell the doctor. You can use plastic and choreography elements. With the help of them, the feeling of rhythm, flexibility, coordination of movements, correct posture, muscular and articular apparatus develops. Rhythmic movements I. good mood Supports musical accompaniment. Use tambourine, drum, spoons, tape recorder. Collectively or individually apply cotton, shock hand, digging. You can read poems or singing, accompanying the text with defined movements. Under the dance melody it is easy to perform free movements with hands and legs in a given rhythm, sitting or lying. Ideally hold classes with "lively sound", that is, with the accompaniment (under piano or bayan).
3. Conducting exercise classes are carried out in patients with a complex of LFC, compiled by a specialist, taking into account the nature of the disease and individual characteristics. This form is widely used to restore the lost functions of the musculoskeletal system, with nervous diseases, in traumatology.
4. Selective dosage walking is shown to normalize the patient's gait after injuries and diseases of the nervous system, the musculoskeletal system, as well as with metabolic disorders, for training cardiovascular and respiratory systems. Dosage by speed of movement, distance length, terrain relief.
5. Single climbing (terrenkur) - it is used to improve the functional state of the cardiovascular system, creates favorable conditions for proper breathing, increases the tone of the nervous system, trains the muscles of the limbs, torso, stimulates the metabolism. The dosage climb is prescribed when weakening the contractile function of the heart muscle, obesity, after the injuries of the lower extremities. Pedestrian walks with a lifting at a small angle are made on a special route with therapeutic goals. It is used mainly in sanatorium-resort conditions under the supervision of a specialist. Terrenkur, applied independently can lead to dangerous consequences.
6.Deed swimming, rowing, skiing, skating applied to further workout affected organs and the whole organism, improving performance.
Swimming is one of the few sports, harmoniously developing all muscle groups, is available to a person from early childhood and to deep old age - one of the most important stages of comprehensive treatment. During the swim, the load on the spine is removed, the asymmetric work of intervertebral muscles is eliminated, the conditions for normal growth of the vertebra are created. The self-configuration of the spine with a slide enhances the effect of unloading growth zones. Swimming contributes to the elimination of diseases of incorrect posture and hardening the body. During swimming, the best conditions are created for blood circulation, the work of the heart is facilitated. This makes it possible to swim in a calm pace. The breath of the swimmer is rhythmically and coordinated with the movement of hands and legs, so the floating exercise to improve the respiratory system. The methodology of medical swimming provides classes directly in water, as well as in the hall of "dry diving". In the study on therapeutic swimming, an individual approach with strict differentiation of loads (tempo, character of exercises, sequence, duration) is required in accordance with the diagnosis and functional state of the body. Bathing in open reservoirs in winter (molding) is bordered by high risk and requires preliminary hardening and consulting a doctor. Swimming instructor should be prepared as a methodologist of therapeutic physical education. Swimming is very important for rehabilitation of disabled people with limited movement functions. The history of the Paralympic Games proves that people with disabilities, lost limbs are capable not only to move quickly in water, but also be the best in the world.
Rowing fluorescence is used for general training, working out the rhythm of movements that contribute to the development of deep breathing, the development and strengthening of the muscles of the upper limbs, the body and the mobility of the spine. An increase in intra-abdominal pressure during rowing has a positive effect on digestion and tissue exchange. Training on pure, saturated with water vapor air have a health effect on the whole organism.
Ski walks and skating enhance the work of the muscles, increase the metabolism, improve the operation of cardiovascular and respiratory systems, train the vestibular device, increase muscle tone, improve the mood, contribute to the normalization of the state of the nervous system.
7. Mass Foodforms are applied for rehabilitation and prevention. These include sports games, tourism, excursions. Low-moving games in the process of recovery are brought up in a patient determination, dexterity, positively affects the work of all organs and systems. Contracting games (badminton, basketball, volleyball, football, tennis, hockey, etc.) have a versatile effect on the body. Including a variety of motors of motors (running, walking, jumping, throwing, blows, catching and throws, various power elements), games develop the speed of movements, muscle strength, contribute to the development of many systems, strengthen the musculoskeletal system. The more diverse and more difficult to receive a game or another, the more movements in it associated with intensive muscle work. Very helpful staying in nature - in the forest, near the river, by the sea, a combination of recreation with hardening, air and sunbathing, hikes, physical education. The intensity of physical work during tourist travel varies strongly. So, when driving on skis, bike or boat, as well as pedestrian routes, especially in the mountainous area, the physical activity may be significant. Travel on foot, boats, bicycles contribute to better blood supply to organs and muscles, at the members of the heart muscle, strengthening bones, joints, ligaments, the metabolism is activated, the activities of respiratory organs improve. Stay in the fresh air, active muscular activity is a source of vigor and forces.
8. Creatures on simulators are becoming increasingly spreading in the Flamm and with the rehabilitation of patients and disabled people. The use of simulators allows you to accurately dose the load and develop various physical qualities: endurance, muscle strength and others. Among the non-traditional forms of physical education classes, it is possible to highlight classes in a dry basin filled with multi-colored balls. The body in the pool is all the time in a safe support, which is especially important for people with engine disorders. At the same time, in the pool you can move, feeling permanent skin contact with balls filling balls. Thus, there is a constant massage of the whole body, sensitivity is stimulated. Classes develop muscles, general motor activity, coordination of movements, equilibrium.
9. The role of physiotherapy procedures in restoration
Physiotherapy is a treatment for the forces of nature (light, sound, water, air), the most ancient way to fight a person with diseases. In the prevention of various diseases and rehabilitation of patients, physical factors are of great importance that contribute to an increase in the body's resistance to external and internal influences, strengthen the protective adaptive mechanisms. It is useful for electrotherapy, magnetotherapy, aerosol and electro aerosolherapy, oxygen therapy, actinotherapy (treatment of radiant energy), which includes suspension, treatment with laser, x-ray and radioactive radiation, ultrasound therapy, mechanotherapy, including massage, acupuncture, baro- and traction therapy; hydro-balneotherapy; heat collecting; climatotherapy; Aesthetotherapy, where can be attributed to the background therapy - treatment with music, bird singing, etc.; Currently, lasers are used, a constant magnetic field, interference and amplipulciate. Thanks to physical processes on the body and its fabric, reflex, humoral and direct physico-chemical impact. Huge therapeutic effects have natural factors: solar radiation, fresh and mineral water, medicinal dirt, climate, landscape, sea. The use of physiotherapy for rehabilitation and medical rehabilitation is available and effective. They usually do not cause pain, but on the contrary, they have soothing, painful, tonic, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic effect, contributes to the increase in natural and specific immunity, the formation of some biologically active substances in the body. With the help of physical factors, it is possible to influence the course of pathological processes, it is purposefully changed. At the same time, immunnobiological processes are increasing, and the forces after the suffered disease are restored faster, the body is harvested.
10. Some forms of physiotherapy and their meaning
Electrotherapy: 1. Influence of direct current in the tissues of the body, complex biophysical and biochemical processes occur, various physiological reactions occur. Galvanization and drug electrophoresis are shown in neurols, neurosis, neuritis, sleep disorders, etc. 2.Electroscone is carried out in order to normalize the functional state of the central nervous system through the head receptor apparatus, by exposure to the brain with low-frequency and low power pulse currents. 3. Didamitherapy, when dynamic currents of small force and low voltage cause excitation of electricallyceptors. The increase in current causes the rhythmic excitation of nerves and muscle fibers, which leads to the activation of the peripheral blood circulation, metabolism, decreased salts in the excitation area, is used for diseases of the peripher nervous system and the musculoskeletal system. 4. Amplisserapy. The amplitude pulsations of low frequency have exciting effects on non-surge structures, sinusoidally modulated currents activate blood circulation processes and exchange processes not only in superficial, but also deeply located organs and tissues. The method is widely used to treat patients with damage and diseases of the musculoskeletal system, nervous system and diseases of internal organs. 5. Electrostimulation is used to initiate or enhance the activities of certain organs and systems (for example, to maintain the livelihoods and nutrition of the muscles). 6. Darsonvalization is the method of high-frequency electrotherapy. It acts painfully, reduces spasm of vessels and sphincter, accelerates tissue granulation, enhances metabolic processes. Capillary blood circulation, tissue nutrition.
7. Permanent magnetic fields eliminate non-observed postoperative pains, ethnicity. Magnetotherapy is used in the treatment of asthenic neurosis, encephalopathic contractures, the consequences of encephalitis, poliomyelitis, with brain injuries, with neuro, radiculitis, phantom pain. In the treatment of patients with cardiovascular diseases, general condition and hemodynamics are improved. Hypertensive pressure reduces pressure, the contractile ability of the heart muscle is improved. There is a gentlement or stopping attacks of suffocation during asthma.
8. Industo therapy affects the high-frequency electromagnetic field, it acts painfully, the increased pressure is reduced, inflammatory foci decreases, the immunological properties of the body increase, the accumulation of calcium in the bone increases, the tissue regeneration is accelerated.
9. The laser radiation of low power stimulates the processes of phagocytosis, blood formation, regeneration, in particular, the reparative processes in the damaged nerve are accelerated, during bone fractures, the healing of the skin wounds, burn surfaces, lesions of the mucous membrane are accelerated. It has an anesthetic, anti-inflammatory, vasodilatory action, reduces the vascular tone, improves peripheral blood circulation.
10. The feed rate is based on the physical and chemical properties of water. Water has a fast and pronounced thermal effect, easily transmits the body heat and takes it away, while the reflex effect of heat and cold is carried out on vital functions. Mechanical action with some procedures (wiping, pouring, soul, bathing in the river, sea, etc.) significant. In some cases, the lifting force in the water is such that a person becomes easier in it 10 times. This was used in hydroelectric gemnastics in water. Water procedures affect the cardiovascular system, there are changes in physical and chemical potentials between capillaries, nerves, extracellular liquids, cell membranes; The circulation in the blood and lymphatic vessels, plasma and the spinal fluid are revised rather, the delivery of nutrients and is greatly relieved. The souls have a pronounced mechanical action on the body, similar to hydromassage and are used in the treatment of nerve diseases, injuries of joints. In order to increase the chemical action of fresh water in the baths dissolve medicinal substances, herbs, salts. Balneotherapy uses mineral waters. Stabilizes the regulatory systems, restores and normalizes the function of the body.
11. Painness is widely used in resorts, has a thermal, chemical, mechanical impact. Stimulates the redox reactions and energy support processes, contributes to the formation of the protective and adaptive capabilities of the body.
12.Kryosauna training of all organism systems, a way to remove stress loads, hardening, a way to combat excess weight, prevention of aging, cell renewal, strengthening and restoring the immune system, fast and efficient rehabilitation after transferred diseases, establishing a resistant life tone. During the passage of the procedure, a person occurs a natural stimulation of the immune system, aimed at the revision of all organs, stabilizing the hormonal background, metabolism, to obtain a persistent life tone. Reducing the temperature from -20 ° C to -170 ° С occurs for 30s. Biochemical processes occur under the influence of extremely low temperatures. Cryprocessors are absolutely safe for both patients and service personnel.
13.Climature. A positive effect has a desert, steppes, in the mountain, sea or forest climates. Climatic factors are considered as natural biostimulants of the body, mobilize adaptation mechanisms, affect tissue trophics, change immunobiological reactivity, metabolic processes.
11. Meaning of mechanical effects on body fabric
Therapeutic massage, manual therapy, barotherapy (the use of increased or reduced pressure), tracting therapy (exhaustion) are an effective therapeutic and rehabilitation method used in order to normalize the functions of the body under various diseases and damage. They are well combined with heat and electric trains, can be applied before and after water procedures. It is advisable to combine massage with therapeutic physical education. The physiological effect of the massage is diverse and due to neuro-reflex reactions, direct mechanical effect on the tissues and organs, as well as humoral shifts. Manual therapy At the relaxation stage, the functional articular blocks, musculatte spasm eliminates. With the help of mobilization techniques, including manual extensions, there is a restoration of the normal volume of movements in the joints. The result of correctly carried out manipulation is the restoration of normal and painless mobility in the joint, as well as the relaxation of the near-hand muscles. With barotherapy, non-functioning capillaries, arterioles are revealed and peripheral resistance decreases, the influx of blood to the tissues and the food transport to them increases. Tracting therapy, namely various methods The stretching of the spine can be used in the complex of physiotherapeutic treatment of patients. The days are free from the flow procedure, the days are carried out by hydrothery procedures. For training "Muscular Corset" prescribe a back massage and a loaf, therapeutic physical culture. If there is a pool, you can spend vertical stretching, fixing the patient with the help of inflatable circles. Pulling reduces muscle contractures, contributes to the decompression of neuro-vascular formations, the pain decreases and improve the function of the spinal column. When applying treatment, it is necessary to take into account contraindications.
12. Some types of massage and their meaning
Under the influence of therapeutic massage, the function of the skin receptors is restored (and their more than 3 million), internal organs, the conductivity, the regeneration of the nerves, is reduced, the pain, trophic and vasomotor disorders decreases. There is an expansion of active capillaries and the discovery of new ones whose number may increase 45 times, and their total capacity in 140 times. The blood supply is improved not only by the massable tissues, but reflex and internal organs. The venous influx and blood supply increases. The favorable effect of massage has on lymph circulation. Having contributed to the outflow of lymph, massage helps to dissolve the edema. The content of hemoglobin is improved with the improvement of blood supply. Under the influence of massage, the contractile function and muscle performance increases, muscle atrophy and hypertrophy, is reduced, the tone is normalized, the restoration of their performance is accelerated. Short-term massage for 3-5min better restores the functions of tired muscles than a 20-30 minute rest. The functions of the adrenal glands, the thyroid gland, ovaries are stimulated. Depending on the strength and duration of the massage, the functional state of the big brain cortex changes, it decreases, or the nervous excitement increases, the well-being, mood is improved, cheerful appears, the reflex bond of the large brain cortex is improved with internal organs, vessels, muscles. Thus, with the help of massage, complex neuroreflex, regulatory, physiological mechanisms, humoral processes, protective adaptive reactions of the body can be improved. Massage using vibrators is used when rhythmic pressure presses are needed on fabric.
Reflexotherapy increases the efficiency of any other type of treatment. The massage of reflex zones allows a specialist by exposure to certain areas of external covers of the body to provide a healing effect on the internal organs, reduce pain, cure. Segmentation and reflex massage provides direct impact on the patient, but on zones innervated by the same spinal cord segments. Not one disease is not local, but always causes reflex changes in segmentally related functional formations, mainly innervated by the same spinal cord segments. Reflex changes may occur in the skin, muscles, connective and other tissues and in turn to influence the primary hearth and maintain the pathological process. By eliminating these changes in tissues with the help of massage, you can promote the elimination of the primary pathological process and the restoration of the normal state of the body.
Unlike segmental massage with point massage, narrow-line dotted tissues are massaged. Point massage (everything is described about 700 points) binds biologically active points with various organs and systems. The impact on the point excites or soothes the vegetative nervous system, enhances the blood supply, regulates the activity of the internal secretion glands, soothes the pain, removes the nervous and muscle tension. Acupuncture - acupuncture (acupuncture) is the method of reflex treatment of many nerve, allergic and other diseases (special needles) in certain points of the body.
Periosaal massage uses pressure on bone surface or periosteum. In the place of pressure, the blood circulation and the rhenimization of cells increase and the reflex effect on the organs associated with nervous paths with the massable surface is.
Vacuum massage improves blood circulation, reduces spasm of vessels, the exchange processes, triquet and regeneration of tissues, the battle of fractures are activated, the peristalistic of the intestine is enhanced.
13. Family and loved ones during the recovery period
Family playing a large role in recovery, since a significant part of the patient's recovery period is held at home. The reaction from the patient and its loved ones is the most different. Some fall into despair, others quickly calm down, as if nothing happened. Behavior and those and others are inadequate. The role of relatives and loved ones is to create a healthy psychological climate in the family, in conducting classes with patients. The combination of benevolence and demandingness has a beneficial effect on the recovery of disturbed functions, helps return to work. Superflow, as well as indifferent, passive attitude to the patient, makes it difficult to recover. It should not be desirable, it is necessary to remember the large compensatory capabilities of the body. And if the functions were not fully recovered, life still continues in the new conditions that a person can live with adequate. Many people after heavy diseases with the help of doctors and other specialists to restore disturbed functions, with the support of relatives and friends, find the strength to travel, defend the dissertations, retrain and lead an active life. However, it is necessary to remember that any disease may repeat and do everything so that this does not happen. In the restoration of disturbed functions invaluable the role of family, close and relatives. These are moral support, and assistance in the performance of homework on therapeutic gymnastics (in violation of movements), assistance in mastering speech, reading, writing (with speech disorders), creating a house of conditions that are optimal for recovery for more comfortable life of disabled people. If the patient has a long-term bed rest, then in order to avoid stagnant phenomena in the lungs, it is necessary to periodically rotate the lying patient, and as soon as it is possible to spend a few minutes and conduct an occupation of respiratory gymnastics: the easiest, but effective breathing exercise is the inflation of rubber balls, children's rubber exercise. Toys. The room in which the patient is located should be ventilated. Patients necessarily need to wash, follow the hygiene and drinking mode, change linen. In order to avoid thrombosis of the lower extremities, it is necessary to carry out gymnastics for legs several times a day. If the patient can move itself, then in a slow pace, it carries out a variety of exercises: an alternate lifting of the legs, a lead and bringing, flexion and extension in the joints. If there are no active movements, the action for it produces a careful face, and this is called passive gymnastics. In addition to active and passive gymnastics, massage: stroking and kneading for the prevention of the velocity of the lower limbs. It is advisable to purchase and be able to use various appliances: a pressure measurement device, a thermometer, portable darsonvalem, magneto breakers, etc. You can keep the patient's condition diary, which periodically show a doctor. As soon as the patient is able to sit in bed with lowered legs, the complex of medical gymnastics includes exercises to strengthen the muscles of the legs, starting from the ankle joint. Simultaneously with the exercises for the feet are trained. Exercises must be carried out rhythmically, in a calm pace, follow their breath. The next step is the ability of the patient to get up (in coordination with the attending physician). For the first time in position, the patient should be no more than a minute. Gradually, standing time on the legs increases to 5-7 minutes. Training Movement should be started from walking in place, along the bed or table and further without these supports. The next stage is walking on the stairs, outdoors (in the yard) and further the ability to sit in public transport and get out of it. The same steps are restored by household skills. Different technical devices helps here (for example, a wooden chair in the bathroom). At the next stage, the patient should be involved in fulfilling their home duties for him. Home work therapy is doubly helpful: it helps to restore complex motor skills and helps restructuring skills. It is impossible not to take into account the moral and psychological role of labor. Forced idleness causes negative emotions, which does not contribute to the recovery process. For improvement mental state The patient is important to take into account its former hobbies. Many are happy to be engaged in embroidery, weaving, smearing, crafts. The task of close tactfully and gradually explain that the patient, despite any defect, should send all the energy to self-service, interesting leisure and expensive work. The time spent lying on the TV does not benefit. The family should encourage the patient to restore functions, help overcome a passive attitude towards classes, maintain an optimistic vigorous spirit in the patient, to unail confidence in their strength and opportunities. At the same time, relatives and relatives should help develop a realistic approach to existing death, to the possibilities and limits of restoration, to the need to organize their lives in new conditions with existing defects. In the process of communicating with the patient, it is necessary to help him correct mistakes, but it is tactful, to be able to sometimes not notice them. In no case should not criticize the patient, fix it on the misses. It should be striving for the patient to do everything alone. In addition to work or home affairs, it is necessary to help find an interesting hobby for him, especially if he has any hobbies before his illness or in childhood: collecting brands, postcards, picking books, fishing, etc. Well do not closes at home, but go to the movies, visit theaters, exhibitions. As a clinical experience shows, when relatives and relatives are constantly engaged with patients with medicinal gymnastics, encourage the patient, then the recovery process is faster and better. Family can help in compliance with patients of the right day and nutrition mode, in developing a new life stereotype in everyday life and at work. Joint efforts of doctors, rehabilitation services, relatives and loved ones contributes to the restoration of social status.
Conclusion
In this course work, the question of the meaning of medical and physical rehabilitation during the recovery process was considered. Any illness is a violation of the normal vital activity of the body, due to functional or (and) morphological changes. The occurrence of the disease is associated with the effect on the body of harmful factors of the external environment (physical, chemical, biological, social), with its genetic defects. Disabled disabilities have a disabilities with a resistant disorder of the functions of the body, due to diseases, the consequences of injuries and defects, leading to the restriction of life and causing the need for rehabilitation and social protection. Medical rehabilitation is directed rather to the patient than the disease. It seeks to correct the insufficient functions of the body more than to heal numerous symptoms. The recovery period is very important for a person, since during this period new motor and life skills are formed, valuables are reassessing, the moral appearance of a person often changes. Rehabilitation not only gives society and family of a full-fledged member, but also often contributes to the rethinking of moral and religious beliefs. With the help of medical and physical rehabilitation, a sick person finds the strength to refuse alcohol and smoking and turn face to sports, physical education and a healthy lifestyle. In the process of restoring the patient, it becomes less and less addressed to medicines, giving preference to walks in the fresh air, swimming, hardening. Angelo Mosso said that physical exercises can replace many drugs, but no medicine in the world can replace physical exercises. A.S. Zalmanov in his book "The Mystery Wisdom of the Human Organism" writes that it is necessary to fully support and stimulate the natural protective resources of the body. The body has tremendous opportunities for self-healing. With most diseases, spontaneous (spontaneous) recovery is insufficient. That is why special recovery treatment and training (retraining of patients) plays a major role in restoring functions. Thus, with the motor disorders, the main method of rehabilitation treatment is therapeutic gymnastics (active and passive) in combination with massage, electrostimulation of muscles, with training walking, movements and household skills, with speech violations, which are usually accompanied by a violation of writing, reading and accounting with Logopian, etc. Active participation in the rehabilitation process of the patient himself, his relatives and loved ones is one of the principles of rehabilitation treatment.
If in the recovery period under the supervision of a doctor and a specialist in rehabilitation to resort to physical methods, then you can achieve qualitative results. Person is part of nature. The reasonable use of its wealth: the sun, air, minerals, water, plants helps to return to a full life. Ukraine has a huge number of recreational resources. Useful for recovery is sanatorium-resort treatment. Whatever perfect medicine, it cannot save a person from all diseases. Man is the Creator His Health itself. It is necessary to conduct an active lifestyle, hardening, physical education and sports, follow the rules of personal hygiene, seek the intelligent paths of genuine harmony of health. Experienced psychotherapists may inspire the patient to overcome physical weakness and mental depression. A recoverable person should get rid of self-reality feeling and insecurity. Physical rehabilitation is used in almost all areas of medicine: in traumatology and orthopedics, in diseases of the cardiovascular system, respiratory organs, digestion, metabolism and urinary, for diseases and damage to the nervous system, as well as operational interventions. Medical and physical rehabilitation is necessary for both children and old men. It is an integral part of the life of disabled. The first physical exercises a person meets in the womb, performing with her exercises for pregnant women. Reasonably applied physical education has a positive effect on the human body. Teaching exercise should know what impact is this or that exercise, and make exercises based on the physiology and individual characteristics of the body. The physical education teacher comes correctly, developing those muscle groups that provide the right posture and contribute to the activities of the internal bodies make it possible to prevent or eliminate the harmful effects of labor processes or disease. We must not forget that the LFC refers to highly active means, which, like other methods of treatment, should be strictly dosed and controlled by a doctor. Only a doctor who knows the condition of the patient, the features of his disease, can correctly determine the magnitude and nature of the physical burden returned to ordinary work and everyday life, should continue to train the body. And you can do it everywhere. Between the case, you can and need to move correctly, do not lose a minute to prevent the adverse effects of household and production activities. Try not to sit in transport, but if you sit, do not pull your head, keep your shoulders smoothly. It is very useful to perform the movements of the muscles of the abdomen. Tighten your stomach, delay for 1-2 seconds, after which you will quickly relax. For 15-20 minutes, you can make this exercise 80-100 times. Before the TV screen, do not sit down and do not lie long in one pose. Periodically change it, get up to be damaged. All movement in the apartment do on socks and preferably barefoot. Werewing, stand slightly putting the legs. Bending over the washbasin, do not hurt. Wipe off, perform several movements. Take a towel grogging on the width of the shoulders. Raise your hands up and without increasing grip, move the towel behind your head, and then behind your back. Clean your teeth - Move from foot to foot or roll out from the heel socks, use a massage rug or massage slippers. On the way, waiting for the transport to straighten the body, raise your head, breathe the morning coolness, rejoice in any time of the year. Entering the trolleybus or subway, if you are grit from all sides, do not beware: the resistance to this pressure is also muscle tension. With sedentary work, try with every opportunity to get out of place. Habit standing to remove the phone phone, meet standing anyone who enters you to the room will benefit. Returning home from work, try to walk a part of the way. Use the staircase as a natural simulator. Watch when lifting per pulse and breathing. Persons of older ages should not be forced such training. But it should be remembered that a sedentary lifestyle is adversely affected by health. Physical culture is a major means delaying the age deterioration of physical qualities and a decrease in the adaptive abilities of the body as a whole and the cardiovascular system in particular. Throughout life, a person faces a lot of parables. The accumulated life experience suggests that only an active lifestyle will help to avoid a disease or to defeat it. For example, L.N. Tolstoy, thanks to the exercise of gymnastic exercises and physical work throughout the lifetime, in 60 years he was walking over 6 days from Moscow to a clear clearing, and then from the clear Polyana to Kaluga. At the age of 65, he learned to ride a bike, ran into skates, defeating the youth. The great physiologist I.P. Pavlov, sickly and often sick in childhood, systematically engaged in physical exercises and hardening, achieved that up to 80 years traveled by a bike, played the towns, regularly practiced on the crossbar and rings, jumped through the horse , until late autumn, bought in the river. Good physical well-being allows person to almost completely recover from the received mental injuries, cope with irreversible and age-related changes. The person who returned to work participates in the process of creation and benefits society.
So, the role of physical and medical rehabilitation in the process of recovery is great. Rehabilitation covers a whole range of events and requires joint actions of many specialists. Rehabilitation requires an individual approach and is associated with the active participation of the patient. The means of rehabilitation include all forms of therapeutic physical education, work therapy, massage, physiotherapy, natural factors, work on the psychological state of the patient. Physical rehabilitation gives a positive effect when the Methodist knows and takes into account a number of rules and principles of physical training. The simultaneous increase in the level of health and functional state of a person is impossible without active, wide and comprehensive use of physical education and sports. We must not forget that the LFC refers to highly active means, which, like other methods of treatment, should be strictly dosed and controlled by a doctor. Only a doctor who knows the condition of the patient, the features of his disease, can correctly determine the magnitude and nature of the physical burden returned to ordinary work and everyday life, should continue to train the body. As a clinical experience shows, when relatives and relatives are constantly engaged with patients with medicinal gymnastics, encourage the patient, then the recovery process is faster and better. Family can help in compliance with patients of the right day and nutrition mode, in developing a new life stereotype in everyday life and at work. Joint efforts of doctors, rehabilitation services, relatives and loved ones contribute to the restoration of social status. A special place is occupied by the rehabilitation of persons with disabilities. Their recovery is not limited to a narrow framework of physical and mental functions. A set of measures is needed to provide an opportunity for disabled people to return to a full-fledged life. Anyone throughout life faces a variety of diseases and from how correctly the treatment and rehabilitation depends on its life, adaptation to new conditions for the benefit of the family and society.
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Voronoyanskaya L.K., Galkin L.G., Evseyutina V.B.
Kharkiv State Academy of Physical Culture
Belgorod State Technological University. V.G. Shukhov
Annotation: The data on orthopedics as a medical discipline, diseases of the musculoskeletal system and methods of their treatment are presented. The influence of systematic physical exertion is taken into account in order to eliminate the complications that have arisen: muscle atrophy, contracture, normalize the support function of the limbs and thereby prevent disabilities. Particular attention is paid to the roles and therapeutic effects of physical exercises for the restoration of the functional and anatomy-physiological possibilities of the musculoskeletal system and the performance of patients.
Keywords:orthopedics, orthopedic diseases of the musculoskeletal system (s), physical rehabilitation, therapeutic physical culture (LFC), exercise.
Introduction
Orthopedics, as medical discipline appeared in the middle of the Hush Century and was described by French scientists as congenital and acquired deformations of the musculoskeletal apparatus of children and adults. The book, which French Professor Andry published, he called "orthopedics or art to warn and correct body deformations in children by means of accessible fathers and mothers and all those who have to educate children." The most successful definition of the term "orthopedics" gave R.R. Harmful: "Orthopedics is the special industry of surgery, which is engaged in the prevention and treatment of all sorts of deformations of the limbs and the spine both congenital and acquired, due to different pathological processes and traumatic damage.
The musculoskeletal system (ODA) is a container for vital organs, protecting them from external influences. In the cavity of the skull there is a brain, in the spinal Channel-Sprinkle brain, in the chest - heart and large vessels, lungs, esophagus, etc., in the pelvis cavity are the urinary organs. Bones are involved in mineral metabolism, being calcium depot, phosphorus, other salts. However, after damage, diseases and especially after operational interventions on the tissues, functional disorders often develop, dramatically limit the motorcycles of the patient. Based on this, the rehabilitation of orthopedic patients includes a complex of conservative and surgical treatment aimed at restoring the functionality of the musculoskeletal system. Thus, the orthopedia includes conservative treatment, restoration surgery of the musculoskeletal system of various etiologies, as well as prosthetics. The purpose of rehabilitation in this industry is, the achievement of persistently persistently adequately adequately adequately reduced human functions, adapting it to environment and participation in social life with the previous or changes due to the disease with social functions. According to scientific research, it is multiprobility of rehabilitation that contributes to the prevention of disability and the restoration of the functionality of the patient's body and the return of it to work.
The relationship of working with the most important scientific programs and practical tasks of modern orthopedics is inextricably with the traumatology of stern, prosthetics and physical rehabilitation. In addition, the orthopedics are closely related to pediatrics (deformation congenital and acquired diseases in children, such as rickets, poliomyelitis, etc.) with neuropathology (paralytic deformations) and partly with gynecology (pelvic deformations and other deformations arising from generic injuries of the fetus) .
The problem of congenital defects is very relevant, since the number of persons with congenital pathology increases. The first place among the defects of the development belongs to anomalies ODA - about 30%, the nervous system - 28.1%, cardiovascular - 14.2%.
In connection with a significant increase in disability among orthopedic patients in Ukraine, the law "On the rehabilitation of persons with disabilities in Ukraine" No. 2961-1U from 6.10 2005 was adopted. This law defines the basic principles of the creation of legal, socio-economic, organizational conditions for eliminating or compensating for the restrictions of vital activity caused by a violation of health with a resistant disorder of the body functions, the functioning of the system for supporting the functional, mental, social well-being of persons with disabilities, assisting them in achieving social and material independence.
The goal, tasks of work, material and methods.
purposethis work is to familiarize themselves with the role of therapeutic physical culture (LFC) of patients with various types of orthopedic diseases of the musculoskeletal system, for this we have set up the following tasks: to explore the literary sources of authors on this issue, as well as many years of therapeutic and research experience institutions of Ukraine, Russia, Belarus; Show the importance of a scientific and methodological approach in the comprehensive physical rehabilitation of orthopedian-traumatological patients.
Research results.
To determine the role of therapeutic physical culture in the rehabilitation of patients with diseases of the musculoskeletal system, we studied the classification of etiology and clinical and functional features of the sickness of sides. Orthopedic diseases include acquired systemic diseases of the musculoskeletal system and congenital skeletal deformations such as: false joints, amniotic halves, limb defects, hondodistrophy, arthrogriposis, osteochondropathy and other various spinal and joint pathology.
The causes of congenital deformations are exogenous, endogenous, genetic factors.
Exogenous factors of congenital deformations of the musculoskeletal system are the forced position of the fetus, the atypical form of the uterus, the induration of the placenta, the campus of the umbilical and others. A certain role can play and unsuccessful surgical interference when mechanically damaged or a fetal shell occurs. As well as various physical radioactive chemical infectious factors adversely affecting the development of the fetus.
Endogenous factors affecting anomaly of the development of the fetal musculoskeletal system include: vices of uterus, toxicosis, which can lead to a violation of the development of the fetus, especially in early periods, as well as related cardiovascular, hormonal disorders, mother's age is especially primary. Some Oda Anomalies can be inherited - genetic factors. The basis of a number of congenital disorders is the lack of certain enzymes, changes in exchange depend on the hereditary lack of enzyme activity (gene-enzyme) affecting the biochemical reactions of the body.
Modern methods of treatment that enjoy in orthopedics are very diverse. This is: operational and conservative depending on the pathology and degree of the disease. Treatment of congenital diseases should begin as early as possible - from 10-12 days of birth (after tapping a navel). Conservative methods include: massage, LFC, various types of physiotherapy are very widely used corrective dressings and orthopedic shoes, corsets, orthosis. All of these methods of conservative treatment are the main methods of physical rehabilitation, since aimed at restoring the functional and anatomical-physiological capabilities of the body. In the disease in the human body, various structural and functional disorders occur. Forced long-term hypodynamia may worsen the course of the disease, cause a number of complications. In this regard, it should be carried out, as soon as possible from the moment of detection of the disease, a comprehensive treatment, which should include not only drug, surgical methods, but at a certain stage are physical. Early use of functional methods of therapeutic physical culture, massage of hydroxideerapy, physiotherapy, etc. In the physical rehabilitation of patients with disorders of the musculoskeletal system, it is pointed.
The LFC has a direct treatment effect, stimulating protective mechanisms, accelerating and improving the development of compensation, improving metabolism and regenerative processes, restoring disturbed functions. Therapeutic effect of physical exercises is manifested in the form of four main mechanisms: toning influence, trophic, compensation formation, function normalization.
The tonic effect of physical exercises is to change the intensity of biological processes in the body under the influence of the dosed load. The tonic effect of physical exercises is due to the fact that the motor zone of large hemispheres of the brain, sending pulses by the engineer simultaneously affects the centers of the autonomic nervous system, exciting them. The excitation of the central nervous system, and the strengthening of the activities of the internal secretion glands stimulate vegetative functions, i.e. Improve the activities of cardiovascular, respiratory and other systems, increase metabolism and various protective reactions, including immunobiological.
The alternation of exercises that enhances the processes of excitation in the central nervous system (for large muscular groups, with a pronounced muscular effort in a fast pace), with exercises that enhance braking processes (breathing exercises, exercises in muscle relaxation), contribute to the restoration of normal mobility of nervous processes.
The trophic effect of physical exercises is manifested in the fact that under the influence of muscular activities, both metabolic processes and regeneration processes in the body are improved. Exercise classes help reduce the timing between the so-called clinical and functional recovery. The success of the use of the trophic effect of physical exercises depends on the optimality of physical exertion used.
The formation of compensation is achieved by therapeutic effects of exercise. Compensation is a temporary or constant restoration of disturbed (lost) functions. The process of restoring disturbed and lost functions is the nature of the dosage training. The use of physical exercises to compensate for lost functions is applied not only to the area of \u200b\u200btraumatology, surgery, orthopedics, but also on internal diseases that can lead to a sharp violation of organs and various kinds of decompensations. Exercise helps to increase the function of tissue or organ, and gradually help restore the violated compensation for the vital functions of the body.
The use of physical exercises in therapeutic purposes is a means of conscious intervention in the process of normalizing the function. The main action of the movement is characterized by the overall stimulation of physiological functions. The main action of the movement is characterized by the overall stimulation of physiological functions. Movement is the basis of the musculoskeletal system. It has a general toning effect on the patient's body contributes to the best manifestation of trophic processes to restore the function of affected sections of the ODA.
The use of the leaf in the rehabilitation process occurs phased (hospital, separation of recovery, sanatorium, polyclinic, home treatment). To successfully restore the motor functions of orthopedic patients, it is necessary to observe the graduality and sequence, as well as the conscious relationship of patients with recovery methods. It is important to observe the principle of adequacy in the used physical exertion. In the system of comprehensive rehabilitation of physical performance, the following forms of physical fluids are used in summer, autumn and spring: occupation of medical gymnastics, walks (hiking and skiing in winter), jogging, swimming, rowing, skating, moving and sports games, near tourism. In the implementation of the rehabilitation process, it is necessary that the LFC form listed above are in the framework of the permissible motor activity of orthopedic patients corresponding to the stage of rehabilitation and the state of the patient.
Before appointing exercise, the exercise is determined by the tasks of therapeutic use of exercise, the means and forms of their solution are selected. In order to do all this correctly, it is necessary to take into account the phase of the development of the disease, the reaction to the body to it, the condition of all organs and systems of patient not involved in the painful process, its mental response to the disease and other individual features. In all cases, it is important to comply with the principles of combining the overall and local impact of physical exercises, taking into account that the recovery always depends on the overall condition of the patient's body.
The technique of LFC is based on common pedagogical principles: the explanation of the methodologist to accelerate the restoration of disturbed functions under the influence of physical exercises increases the interest of the patient to the exercise. The effectiveness of the FFC is always possible only with an active attitude towards classes.
conclusions
Studied literary sources on this issue; The importance of the differentiated approach in the comprehensive physical rehabilitation of orthopedian-traumatological patients has been shown.
Thus, showing the importance of a scientific and methodological approach in the comprehensive physical rehabilitation of orthopedian-traumatological patients, we conclude that the use of the technique of LFC based on common-fashioned principles contributes to the achievement of the most effective result in the restoration of psychological, regenerative processes and the functional capabilities of patients with pathology Motor machine.
Prospects for further researchin this direction, our work consists in the differentiated practical application of modern methods and facilities of the LFC in the complex rehabilitation of patients with diseases of the musculoskeletal system by specialists of therapeutic institutions in the appointment of complexes and evaluating their effectiveness. Also plan for further educational and methodological work on this issue with the publication of the material.
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