Central Engineering Troops of Nakhabino. Council of Chief Designers. Monographs of scholars of the nistitu

On July 18, the 33rd Central Research and Testing Institute of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation turns 80 years old. Research carried out in this scientific center has always been and is of great importance for ensuring the country's defense capability, equipping troops and naval forces with modern weapons and means of radiation, chemical and biological protection. On the eve of the anniversary, our interlocutor was the head of the institute, Colonel Sergei KUKHOTKIN.

- Sergey Vladimirovich, what caused the creation of the institute?
- First of all, by the nature of the First World War, on the fields of which chemical weapons of mass destruction were used for the first time. The total losses of the belligerents from their defeat amounted to about a million people. Much attention was paid to both these weapons and the means of protection against them in all countries after the war. The USSR was no exception. Back in the early 1920s, in the interior of the country, in the little-known Shikhany of the Saratov region, a so-called aerochemical station was created, which was named "Tomka". The Germans actively participated in the creation of this station, because the defeated Germany was forbidden to conduct relevant research on its territory. "Tomka" was abolished in 1933. All its buildings, transport and equipment were inherited by the Central Military Chemical Range formed in the neighborhood.
In the same twenties of the last century, it became clear that only a test site was not enough, a research institution of a high scientific level was needed. And it was created in Moscow in 1928, receiving the name Osoaviakhim Institute of Chemical Defense. Now, decades later, it should be noted: the institute was created on the aggregate funds of the Osoaviakhim, the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions, Tsentrosoyuz, Selkhozbank and Prombank, so to speak, a joint effort. Everyone, including those outside the Red Army, realized that if weapons and reliable means of chemical defense were not developed that would meet the capabilities of the century, the country would not feel safe.

Business card
After graduating from the Tambov Higher Military School of Chemical Defense, Sergei Kukhotkin commanded a platoon and a company. Then, having successfully graduated from the Military Academy of Chemical Defense named after Marshal of the Soviet Union S.K. Timoshenko, was appointed to the 33rd Central Research Institute, where he passed all positions from a junior researcher to the head of the institute. Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor. He was awarded the Orders of Honor, "For Military Merit", the Medal "For Military Merit".

- How did the institute end up in Shikhany?
- In the capital, on Bogorodsky-Kollezhsky Val Street, not far from Preobrazhenskaya Square, the institute was located until 1961. In that year, it was decided to transfer him to Shikhany and unite with the Central Military Chemical Range. Now in Moscow in its place is the Institute of Pure Chemical Reagents of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
- The relocation of some educational institutions, research institutions from the capital is typical for our days. How did the move affect your institute?
- The move was painful. Only a fifth of the employees agreed to leave Moscow. Among those who left for Shikhany, there was not a single Doctor of Science.
But time has convinced: the relocation of the institute to where already long years functioning landfill was justified. In fact, a new research institution was created in the new location. The scientific potential of the institute was soon restored. As well as cooperation ties in the field of research with the Military Academy of Chemical Protection, other structures of the military department and the military-industrial complex, and specialized metropolitan universities. They took on new forms.
A material and technical base corresponding to the level of research was created.
In this regard, on the eve of the anniversary, we gratefully remember the head of the institute of that time, Major General V.T. Zolotar. Proactive and active, he did a lot to restore what is inevitably lost during redeployment. And a serious scientific school in a new place was formed thanks to N.S. Antonov, L.A. Degtyarev, A.D. Kuntsevich, R.F. Razuvanov, N.I. Alimov. They were both skillful organizers and luminaries in the field of military chemistry. And not only military.
- But back to the basics. During the Great Patriotic War, the Nazis did not dare to use sending substances. What did the institute do in wartime?
- When analyzing the reasons that prevented the Wehrmacht from using the large stocks of chemical weapons that it possessed, I would also mention that very "Tomka". The Germans knew very well what the Soviet Union had at their disposal, saw how much attention was paid to anti-chemical protection in the Red Army and among the civilian population, and understood that they would not receive strategic advantages by using poisonous substances. There were, of course, other equally compelling reasons for abandoning chemical attacks.
The Institute, which was located in Tashkent from 1941 to 1943, was engaged in the same thing: the search for reliable methods of protection against chemical weapons. And in parallel with the creation of new incendiary mixtures and compositions, means of their use - jet flamethrowers. A flamethrower for the T-34 and KV tanks, a knapsack flamethrower for infantry, a high-explosive flamethrower, anti-tank incendiary bottles and corresponding aviation ampoules - all of this was created and tested by the institute. It has been documented that more than 3,200 enemy tanks and assault guns were destroyed by flamethrower weapons during the Great Patriotic War.
The search did not stop in the field of chemical weapons - pouring aircraft devices, chemical shells and bombs, gas cannons. Let me remind you that the multiple launch rocket system, the famous Katyusha, was originally developed for military chemistry. Shells for her in chemical equipment were tested in Shikhany.
Few people know that in 1942, in the same place, in Shikhany, under the auspices of the institute, tests were carried out of a so-called chemical tank capable of creating clouds of toxic substances over the battlefield. At the institute, just in case, an armor-piercing projectile in chemical equipment was developed, capable of guaranteed to disable the tank's crew.
During the Great Patriotic War, a military chemical reconnaissance device with indicator tubes for all known OM, a mortar for throwing smoke bombs, effective equipment for aerosol, that is, smoke masking of crossings and industrial facilities ... Yes and no need for that. It is important to emphasize once again: the enemy did not dare to use chemical weapons, because the answer would be, as they say now, adequate.
- Sergey Vladimirovich, did the institute solve only defense problems?
- Of course no. Therefore, he was awarded both the military order of the Red Banner, as well as the Order of the Red Banner of Labor.
The spectrum of research on military subjects has never been limited. Suffice it to recall Major General-Engineer Ivan Ludvigovich Knunyants, head of the post-war institute, academician. The whole world remembers him as the founder of a serious scientific school of organofluorines. He set the pace in the development of industrial methods for the synthesis of new monomers, heat-resistant polymers, and a number of drugs. His achievements in science were awarded with Lenin and three State prizes.
It is possible to cite the names of other employees of the institute, who left a deep mark in the fundamental and applied sciences, who influenced production technologies with their discoveries. Three heads of the institute I.P. Knunyants, L.A. Degtyarev and A.D. Kuntsevich was awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor.
- What is the institute doing now?
- He is the head in the Ministry of Defense for the problems of radiation, chemical and biological protection. The concept of "protection" most fully and succinctly defines our mission and vocation in the new century.
We conduct research and testing in the interests of all branches of the Armed Forces and combat arms, starting with technical means of radiation, chemical and military nonspecific biological reconnaissance, operation and repair of appropriate weapons and equipment, and ending with military standardization and metrological support. The range of our tasks in recent years has not diminished, but has expanded, the number of experimental design and complex research projects ordered by the government and the military department has increased. Today we are increasingly engaged in what used to be the prerogative of only industry and academic science. We carry out about 100 - 120 research projects annually. Over the past five years, we have received 60 patents for inventions and utility models. At international exhibitions, the Institute's developments were awarded 5 gold, 7 silver medals and 2 special prizes.
At the end of 2007, the 33rd Central Research and Testing Institute was declared the best scientific organization of the military department by the order of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation. We are proud of this, but it also obliges us a lot.
Taking this opportunity, I would like to especially note the work of our best employees: professors Vladislav Fedorov, Eduard Shatalov, doctors of chemical sciences Alexander Sorokin, Viktor Karpov, candidate of chemical sciences Colonel Igor Ivashev. They adequately continue and develop the work of the outstanding galaxy of Russian military chemists of the past.
- Are you satisfied with your research base?
- I believe that more than 100 doctors and candidates of sciences in our country have everything necessary for fruitful work: 40 laboratories and laboratory complexes allow, in the dynamics of research, to invade practically all subsections of chemistry, to back them up with a search in the field of theoretical and experimental physics, applied mathematics, materials science, biochemistry, physiology, metrology, informatics. And not only them. The field test base also satisfies us. We can, with a guaranteed degree of safety and reliability, conduct unique field experiments with all toxic elements and potent toxic substances within the framework of what is permitted by the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction. Nowhere else in Russia is there such a base.
- The Institute, Sergey Vladimirovich, is located in a picturesque place ...
- It's true. For many, the expression "chemical test site" seems to cause a shudder. But neither we nor our predecessors have destroyed this amazing natural area for 80 years. On the contrary, thanks to its polygon status, it has remained intact.
Shikhany is a clean, well-groomed town where residents have all the conditions to work, raise and educate children, and improve professionally. One of the Shikhan attractions is the estate-museum of Count V.V. Orlova-Denisov. We cherish the Grafsky Park with a cascade of ponds in which swans and wild ducks swim ...
The past merges organically with the present. This year the Eternal Flame monument was reconstructed. The stelae depict the names of all Shikhans who died defending the Fatherland.
In recent years, the tasks of the institute with an 80-year history have been transformed, acquiring a new direction and content, but devotion to duty, relentless scientific research in the name of the country's security remain unchanged for its employees.

The engineering troops of Russia are one of the most diversified and technically equipped troops. The system of engineering weapons includes over 600 items of various models and sets. In 2017. more than 750 units were delivered to the troops. engineering technology.

On January 18, 2018, an organizational meeting of the Council of Chief Designers on systems and means of engineering support for the weapons system of the ground component of general forces was held at the Central Research and Testing Institute of Engineering Troops of the Ministry of Defense of Russia (Nakhabino settlement, Moscow Region). The meeting was attended by representatives of the Russian Ministry of Defense and 56 chief designers of industrial enterprises in all areas of engineering support.

Chief of Engineering Troops of the RF Armed Forces, Lieutenant General Yu.M. Stavitsky especially noted that havingXiathe level of preparedness and equipment is the main guarantee of preserving the life of servicemen. He stressed the need to create a new collegial body - the Council of Chief Designers.

Yu.M. Stavitsky introduced the Chief Designer for Systems and Engineering Support to the Armament System of the Ground Component of General Purpose Forces, Director General of JSC NIIII I.M. Smirnov.

In his speech, I.M. Smirnov dwelled on the peculiarities of the Chief Designer's activities, general problematic issues of development, revealing the composition, structure and main directions of the activities of the Council of Chief Designers.

In turn, the Scientific and Technical Committee of the Engineering Troops presented the basic requirements for the appearance of engineering weapons in the near future, which means that the Council of Chief Designers has something to work on.

The participants of the meeting watched a documentary film about the engineering troops of Russia and laid wreaths at the monument to "Soldiers of internationalists, participants in hostilities and participants in the Great Patriotic War", opened in 2017. on the territory of the institute.

4th Central Scientific Research Orders of the October Revolution and the Red Banner of Labor Institute of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation ( 4th Central Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense of Russia) is the largest scientific organization of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, which solves a wide range of problems of scientific support for the construction of the Strategic Missile Forces and the Aerospace Defense Forces, the development of strategic missile and space weapons. Located in the city of Yubileiny.

The traditional direction of research of the 4th Central Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense of Russia is the substantiation of tactical and technical requirements for new and modernized weapons, military-scientific support of the most important R&D. An important component in the overall volume of the Institute's research is work in the field of automation of command and control of troops and weapons, the introduction of modern telecommunication technologies into the practice of troops, and ensuring information security.

The 4th Central Research Institute of the Russian Ministry of Defense also monitors the technical condition of weapons and military equipment and provides the command of the Strategic Missile Forces and VVKO with objective information on the technical condition and reliability of the weapons in use.

In October 2013, it was disbanded, with the creation on its base of the Central Research Institute of Aerospace Defense Troops (Yubileiny, Moscow Region) and the Central Research Institute of the Air Force (Shchelkovo, Moscow Region).

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Prerequisites for creation

In the 1950s, in order to test the new, at that time, R-1, R-2 and R-5 missiles at the Kapustin Yar test site, it became necessary to create equipment capable of carrying out various kinds of trajectory measurements. For these purposes, NII-4 has developed the concept of a polygon measuring complex (PIK). For the measuring points (IP) of this complex, on the instructions of NII-4, the telemetry equipment "Tral" began to be created, the station of trajectory measurements - the radio rangefinder "Binocular" and the phase-measuring radio-angle measurement "Irtysh" (c), the equipment of the uniform time system (SEV) "Bamboo" ( in NII-33 MRP).

Flight design tests (LKI) of the first R-7 ICBM required the creation of new launch positions (primarily due to the design range of the product - 8000 km) and on February 12, 1955, a resolution of the USSR Council of Ministers was adopted on the creation of a Research Test Range ( NIIP-5 of the USSR Ministry of Defense). NII-4 was identified as a participant in the design of the range testing base and the head organization for the creation of a range measuring complex (PIK).

The creation of a polygon measuring complex is a particularly large contribution of NII-4 to the development of rocket and space technology. After the creation of the measuring complex, the authority of the Institute among industrial organizations and the USSR Ministry of Defense increased significantly. The work was supervised by A. I. Sokolov and his deputies G. A. Tyulin and Yu. A. Mozzhorin. More than 150 researchers from NII-4 took part in the technological design of the landfill facilities. Over 50 employees were sent to factories, design bureaus and design organizations, where they took an active part in the development of measuring instruments and control over the construction of facilities of the polygon measuring complex.

Work on an artificial Earth satellite

At the end of 1955, when intensive work was underway to create the R-7 rocket, S.P.Korolev turned to the country's leadership with a proposal to launch the first artificial Earth satellite on the future R-7 rocket before the Americans, the flight test dates of which were scheduled for 1957. On January 30, 1956, a corresponding decree was issued by the USSR Council of Ministers and OKB-1 Korolev began to design the world's first artificial Earth satellite (AES), which was named "Object D", and NII-4 began to design a command and measurement complex (KIK).

It was NII-4 that was entrusted with the creation of the KIK due to the fact that the Institute already had experience in creating a PIK at the Kapustin Yar test site. Moreover, it is worth noting that before the January 1956 Government Decree on the determination of NII-4 of the USSR Ministry of Defense as the head one with the involvement of a large cooperation of developers of measuring instruments to create a CFC, the Ministry of Defense was against imposing on him, by analogy with PIK, the responsibilities of a CFC developer, referring to an unusual work held in the interests of the USSR Academy of Sciences. The USSR Ministry of Defense gave numerous arguments in favor of the fact that the creation and operation of measuring points to support AES flights is primarily a matter for the Academy of Sciences, and not at all for the Ministry of Defense. However, scientists and industrialists believed that only the military could build, equip and operate measuring points scattered across the territory of the Soviet Union in hard-to-reach places. The disputes on this issue were long and heated until they were stopped by the Minister of Defense Marshal of the Soviet Union G.K. Zhukov. He agreed with the arguments of the industrialists, foreseeing in the future the important role of space in the country's defense. Since then, Zhukov has been credited with the phrase: "I take over the space!"

The project was approved on June 2, 1956, and on September 3, the USSR Council of Ministers issued a decree defining the procedure for the practical creation of a complex of measuring instruments, communication facilities and a single time to provide ground support for the flight of the first satellite. It is this day, September 3, 1956, that is considered to be the day of the creation of the Command - Measuring Complex of the USSR. According to the TOR issued by NII-4 and OKB-1, new technical means (TS) were developed and developed to interact with the D satellite. The vehicles modified to the level of interaction with the satellite received the prefix "D" in their name (for example, "Binokl-D").

The matter of preparation for the formation of the KIK began to boil, but by the end of 1956 it became clear that the planned plans to launch the first satellite were in jeopardy due to difficulties in creating scientific equipment for "object D" and a lower than planned specific thrust of propulsion systems (DU ) RN R-7. The government set a new launch date - April 1958. However, according to intelligence, the United States could have launched the first satellite before that date. Therefore, in November 1956, OKB-1 made a proposal for the urgent development and launch of a simple satellite with a mass of about 100 kg instead of "Block D" in April - May 1957 during the first tests of the R-7. The proposal was approved and on February 15, 1957, the Government issued a decree on the launch of the simplest satellite, named "PS-1", at the end of 1957.

Meanwhile, at NII-4, a project for the creation of a KIK was developed, providing for the creation of 13 command and measuring points (now they were called ONIP - a separate scientific measuring point, and in common parlance they were often called NIP), located throughout the Soviet Union from Leningrad to Kamchatka and the central landing point. Yu. A. Mozzhorin supervised the creation of the KIK. All work was completed in record time - in one year.

In 1957, to ensure launches of ICBMs, launches of satellites and other space objects at NII-4, a Coordination and Computing Center (CVC) was created, the prototype of the future Mission Control Center.

For the creation of rocket and space technology, NII-4 in 1957 was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor.

The results of research carried out at NII-4 in the late 1940s - early 1950s were the theoretical foundation for further practical work on space exploration. Individual members of his group, who transferred from NII-4 to OKB-1 in 1956, together with M.K. spaceships... In 1957, a group of NII-4 specialists, including three from MK Tikhonravov's group: A. V. Brykov, I. M. Yatsunsky, I. K. Bazhinov, were awarded the Lenin Prize for ensuring the launch of the first artificial Earth satellite.

Pacific Oceanographic Expedition

Preparation for flight tests of R-7 ICBMs at full range - in the Pacific Ocean - and the expansion of the field of observation of flights of space objects required the creation of floating (ship) measuring complexes.

In 1959, the Institute was appointed the lead contractor for the creation of the TOGE-4 floating complex (under the legend of the 4th Pacific Oceanographic Expedition), consisting of four ships, and in 1960, the chief executor for the creation of the TOGE-5 complex, consisting of three ships. A special marine laboratory was created at the Institute, which was transformed in 1962 into a marine department. Captain 1st rank (later Rear Admiral) Yuri Ivanovich Maksyuta was appointed commander of TOGE-4.

The compound of four warships was born as a result of the research work "Aquatoria", developed by the staff of NII-4 of the USSR Ministry of Defense in 1958. After the successful firing of the R-7 rocket in the Kamchatka region, it became obvious that in order to test the rocket at its full range (12,000 kilometers), it was necessary to create a test site in the central part of the Pacific Ocean. To measure the accuracy of the fall of the warheads of intercontinental ballistic missiles in 1959, floating measuring points were built - the expeditionary oceanographic ships "Siberia", "Sakhalin", "Suchan" and "Chukotka". The first combat work on the "Aquatoria" training ground was carried out on January 20 - 31, 1960.

The launches of the first interplanetary stations required the provision of receiving telemetric information from their board in areas not controlled by the means of the ground-based KIK and the Pacific expedition. To solve the problem, an Atlantic group of floating measuring points was created in 1960, consisting of two ships of the Black Sea Shipping Company and one ship of the Baltic Shipping Company. These ships were removed from sea transport and transferred to the disposal of NII-4. The head of the Atlantic telemetry expedition was an employee of NII-4 Vasily Ivanovich Beloglazov.

The ships of the NII-4 floating telemetry complex set out on their maiden voyage on August 1, 1960. Each of them had an expedition consisting of 10 - 11 employees of the institute, highly qualified specialists. During a 4-month voyage, the technology for conducting telemetric measurements in ocean conditions was tested. Work on significant spacecraft launches took place only on the next, second voyage of the Atlantic complex, which began in January 1961.

Control support for the "Vostok" spacecraft

A bright page in the development of space ballistics was the provision of flight control of the manned spacecraft "Vostok" with Yu. A. Gagarin. NII-4 was identified as the head one for solving this important task. An independent development of methods, algorithms and programs was organized at NII-4, OKB-1 and the USSR Academy of Sciences and their approval. Ballistic scientists have successfully solved this problem. The TOGE-4 ships Siberia, Sakhalin, Suchan, Chukotka and the vessels of the Atlantic grouping Voroshilov, Krasnodar and Dolinsk directly participated in the flight support.

In 1961, Yu.A. Mozzhorin was awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor for the creation of an automated measuring complex, systems of uniform time and special communication that ensured the launch of a spacecraft with a man on board. A. I. Sokolov and the head of the head at the Institute of Management G. I. Levin were awarded the title of laureates of the Lenin Prize.

Institute as part of the Strategic Missile Forces

On December 31, 1959, the Institute was included in the Strategic Missile Forces and, since 1960, has been performing work on orders from the General Staff, Scientific and Technical Committee, and Main Directorates. Along with the expansion of work on strategic missile weapons and rocket and space technology, comprehensive studies of the weapons systems of the Strategic Missile Forces began to be carried out, and the methodology for testing missile and rocket-space complexes was improved. The volume of work on the issues of the combat employment of missile units and formations, the provision of troops with guidance and operational documentation has increased.

One of the important problems has become the automation of combat control of troops on constant combat alert in high readiness for use. At the initial stage of solving this problem, difficulties arose in attracting industrial organizations to work on the creation of an automated control system. Work began to be carried out at NII-4. In 1962, the equipment manufactured at the experimental plant of the Institute was successfully tested in the army. An interdepartmental commission under the leadership of Academician B.N.Petrov gave a positive assessment of the research carried out and recommended starting experimental design work in industry. After the adoption of the created system, the employees of NII-4, who supervised the work, were awarded: V. I. Anufriev - the Lenin Prize, V. T. Dolgov - the State Prize.

In connection with the increase in the volume of space research at NII-4 in the early 1960s, space specialties were created (transformed in 1964 into scientific departments). The command teams have made a significant contribution to substantiating the tasks of a defense nature, solved with the help of space means, determining the prospects for the development of space weapons, testing military spacecraft and solving many other problems related to the exploration of outer space.

In the mid-1960s, NII-4 began comprehensive studies to substantiate the prospects for the development of weapons and military equipment of the Strategic Missile Forces and to find ways to intensively build up the combat power of the Strategic Missile Forces. At that time, the US strategic "triad" included almost 4 times more carriers of nuclear weapons and about 9 times more nuclear warheads and aerial bombs than in the USSR's strategic nuclear forces. In this regard, in order to ensure the country's security, the issue of eliminating the lag behind the United States and achieving military-strategic parity in the shortest possible time has become acute.

By the decision of the government in 1965, a large complex research project was set (code "Complex"). NII-4 and TsNIIMash were identified as the chief executors for the Strategic Missile Forces section, and the head of NII-4, AI Sokolov, and director of TsNIIMash, Yu. A. Mozzhorin, were appointed scientific leaders.

The scientifically grounded recommendations of the research work were fully implemented. In a short time, highly effective missile systems with a given level of characteristics were created and entered into service, the deployment of which made it possible to significantly increase the combat potential of the Strategic Missile Forces grouping and ensured the achievement of stable military-strategic parity with the United States in the early 1970s. The results of this research work and the similar work that followed it with five-year cycles justified the technical policy of the USSR Ministry of Defense in the field of the development of the Strategic Missile Forces weapons for the long term. In the 1970s and early 1980s, work to determine the prospects for the development of weapons and military equipment of the Strategic Missile Forces was carried out under the leadership of Evgeny Borisovich Volkov, who was appointed head of the Institute in April 1970. In the future, research in this area was always led by the heads of the 4th Central Research Institute (Lev Ivanovich Volkov, Vladimir Zinovievich Dvorkin, Alexander Vladimirovich Shevyrev, Vladimir Vasilyevich Vasilenko).

Not a single missile system created by the orders of the Strategic Missile Forces has been tested without the participation of the Institute. Hundreds of employees were developing programs and test methods, assessing the flight performance of missiles based on the results of launches, and directly participated in work at the test ranges. Heads of NII-4, their deputies, heads of departments (A. I. Sokolov, E. B. Volkov, A. A. Kurushin, O. I. Maisky, A. G. Funtikov) were appointed as chairmen of the State Commissions.

For work on the creation of new missile systems, the Institute in 1976 was awarded the second order - the October Revolution. The head of the Institute, E. B. Volkov, was awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor.

In connection with the constant increase in the accuracy of missiles hitting a potential enemy, one of the most important problems has become the problem of ensuring the protection of missile systems from the damaging effects of a nuclear explosion. The Institute acted as the head organization for scientific, methodological, organizational and technical support of practically all large-scale tests. The measuring instruments developed and manufactured at the Institute were unique and had no analogs in serial instrument making in terms of the accuracy and reliability of measurements of highly dynamic processes in conditions of intense interference. As a result of the theoretical and experimental research and design improvements in the 1970s and 1980s, the protection of the Strategic Missile Forces facilities from the damaging factors of nuclear weapons was sharply increased.

30th Central Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

30th Central Order of the Red Star Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation (30 Central Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation)

International name
Former name
Founded
Location
Legal address	141110, Shchelkovo-10, Moscow region
Awards

30 Central Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation was created as the head scientific organization of the Ministry of Defense for aviation and space technology. The Institute was intended to conduct large-scale system studies to substantiate the prospects for the development of aviation and space technology as the basis of the Air Force weapons system, to substantiate the tactical and technical requirements for new and modernized aviation and aerospace complexes, their engines, equipment and weapons, to assess the combat effectiveness of promising aviation technology.

In accordance with the order of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation of May 24, 2010 N 551 "On the reorganization of federal state institutions subordinate to the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation", and in order to improve the structure of the military-scientific complex of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, 30 TsNII MO was reorganized in the form of as a structural unit of Ph.

Until the 50th anniversary of the 30th TsNII MO did not live up to literally a month and a half.

For its contribution to strengthening the country's defense capability, the 30th Central Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense was awarded the Order of the Red Star.

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30 Central Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation was formed in 1961 based on Chkalovskaya. January 16 is considered the date of foundation and is celebrated as Institute Day. The organization was headed by Lieutenant General Z. A. Ioffe.

The first name is the Central Research Institute of the Air Force (Central Research Institute of the Air Force).

The Institute was created on the basis of the Computer Center of the Ministry of Defense (VTs-3) located in Noginsk, which received the status of one of the divisions of the Central Research Institute of the Air Force - the Research Center for Air Force Control Systems.

Subsequently, the structure of the Central Research Institute of the Air Force included the 15 Naval Research Institute based in Leningrad (15 Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense, previously 15 Research Institute of the Navy, the Research Institute-15 of the Navy, the Research Institute of Aviation of the Navy), which became a branch of the Central Research Institute of the Air Force on naval issues.

Over the course of time, the tasks of scientific research solved by the 30 Central Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation have significantly expanded. In the late 1960s. the institute began large-scale research on program planning for the development of new and modernized aviation technology, and from the beginning of the 1970s. - work on the substantiation of the main directions for the development of technology and weapons for the future and the substantiation of the DA, FA, VTA, AA groupings and naval aviation of the Navy. 30 Central Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation substantiated the concept of creation and the main tactical and technical characteristics of all aviation complexes of the Air Force of the 3rd, 4th and 5th generations.

As of 2006, 16 doctors and 215 candidates of sciences worked at the institute. Over the years of the institute's existence, a large scientific school has been created, widely known in our country and abroad: 14 employees of the institute were awarded the Lenin and State prizes; 9 employees were awarded the honorary titles "Honored Worker of Science and Technology of the Russian Federation" and "Honored Worker of Science of the Russian Federation"; 7 employees became laureates of the Lenin Komsomol Prize.

In terms of the status, scale and nature of the work performed, the significance of the results obtained, the 30th Central Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation was a generally recognized head scientific organization of the Ministry of Defense in the field of building Russian military aviation, which significantly influenced the ongoing military-technical policy in improving the aviation of other power structures and civilian departments of the Russian Federation.

30 Central Research Institute performed its functions in close cooperation with the Air Force Scientific and Technical Committee, the Air Force Armament Service (leaders Mishuk Mikhail Nikitovich, Ayupov Abrek Idrisovich), other Research Institute of Defense (46 Central Research Institute, 4 Central Research Institute, 16 Central Research Institute, State Flight Test Center of the Ministry of Defense named after V.P. Chkalov, 13th GNII ERAT, etc.), aviation research institutes (GosNIIAS, TsAGI, VIAM, TsIAM, etc.), design bureaus (Tupolev, Mikoyan, Antonov, Yakovlev, Ilyushin, etc.), organizations of the Academy of Sciences.

The solemn meeting of employees and veterans of the 30th Central Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense in January 2011, dedicated to the 50th anniversary of the institute, actually drew a line under the half-century history of the organization.

Name

In information sources, alternative names of the 30th Central Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense are often found:, 30 Central Research Institute of the Air Force, 30th Central Research Institute of Aviation and Space Technology of the Ministry of Defense, Central Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense for Aerospace Technology, 30 Central Research Institute (AiKT) MO, 30 Central Research Institute Ministry of Defense,.

The most frequently used abbreviation is 30 TsNII or informal - "thirty".

Since 2011, the 30th Central Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation bears the official name: "Research Center of Aviation Technology and Armament of the Federal Budgetary Institution 4 Central Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense of Russia", abbreviated as "SIC ATV FBU 4 Central Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation".

In 2012, it is planned to transfer "NIC ATV FBU 4 Central Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation" to the Military Educational and Scientific Center of the Air Force (VUNC Air Force)

Activities

The scope of the institute's scientific activities covered military-theoretical, operational-strategic, military-technical and military-economic research on topical problems of the construction and use of the Air Force and the development of aviation technology and weapons.

The published information indicates that not a single project related to aircraft and their systems in the aviation, radio-electronic industry or other defense sectors was launched without a tactical and technical task (TTZ) developed by the 30th Central Research Institute, as well as not a single system was not adopted by the Air Force without a positive assessment of the 30 Central Research Institute.

30 The Central Research Institute is proud not only of weapons and military equipment, which became a reality with its participation, but also records in its asset situations when the Institute took a principled position, preventing the appearance of objects that were deemed unpromising. For example, the institute defended its position on the inappropriateness of developing an analogue to the American F-117A low-signature fighter, saving a lot of money. The United States is now withdrawing it from service and is not planning any replacement for it. A systematic approach to justifying the order and development of weapons and military equipment and the use of mathematical modeling were the cornerstones of the research methodology of the 30th Central Research Institute.

Heads of the Institute

Notable employees

The personnel of the institute was formed mainly at the expense of graduates of the Kiev Higher Military Aviation Engineering School, the Zhukovsky Air Force Engineering Academy and the V.I. Yu. A. Gagarin.

In addition, the staff of civilian scientists was replenished by retiring officers from nearby organizations (Monino, Star City, Chkalovskaya) (teachers of the Air Force Academy and specialists from the Air Force Research Institute and the Central Exhibition Complex).

Many well-known scientists and specialists worked at the institute (the list includes the names of only those employees whose connection with the 30 Central Research Institute is confirmed in previously published open sources): Artamonov V.D., Baklitsky V.K., Burlakov P.G., Blagodarny G M., Gladilin A.S., Glazkov A.I., Goncharov I.N., Gorchitsa G.I., Grigorov S.I., Gubarev A.A., Denisenko A.K., Kibkalo V.I ., Knauer G.E., Kulyapin V., Lvov A.N., Matveev V.A., Melnikov Yu.P., Minakov V.I., Pankov R.A., Platunov V.S., Trushenkov V V., Romanenko I. G., Rukosuev O. B., Semenov V. M., Skopets G. M., Trushenkov V. V., Tupikov V. A., Khrunov E. V., Tsymbal V. I ., Chinaev P.I., Yuriev A.N.

Monographs of scholars of the nistitu

Baklitskiy V.K., Bochkarev A.M., Musyakov M.P. Methods of signal filtering in correlation-extremal navigation systems. ed. V.K. Baklitsky. - M.: Radio and communication, 1986 .-- 216 p.
Panov V.V., Gorchitsa G.I., Balyko Yu.P., Ermolin O.V., Nesterov V.A. - M .: Mashinostroenie, 2010 .-- 608 p. - ISBN 978-5-217-03478-9.
Antonov D. A., Babich R. M., Balyko Yu. P. et al. Aviation of the Russian Air Force and Scientific and Technological Progress: Combat Complexes and Systems Yesterday, Today, Tomorrow. (under the editorship of Fedosov E.A.) - M .: Bustard, 2005 .-- 736 p. - ISBN 5-710-77070-1, ISBN 978-5-710-77070-2.
Platunov V.S. Methodology of systemic military-scientific research of aviation complexes: 30 Central Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. - M .: Delta, 2005 .-- 343 p. - ISBN 5-902-37042-6.
Soloviev Yu. A. Satellite navigation and its applications. - M .: Eco-Trends, 2003. -. 326 p. - ISBN 5-884-05050-X.
Barkovsky V.I., Skopets G.M., Stepanov V.D. Methodology for the formation of the technical appearance of export-oriented aviation complexes. - M: FIZMATLIT, 2008 .-- 244 p. ISBN 978-5-9221-0933-8.

International activity

In the early 90s, employees of the Institute, as part of the Air Force delegations, participated in the organization of a number of international exhibitions. Gorchitsa G.I., Bazlev A.M., Bochkarev A.M. took an active part in organizing these events.

Aviation Exhibition in Germany (ILA Berlin Air Show), 1991

Russian-American seminar on the analysis of the actions of the US Air Force in the Gulf War (1990-1991). Moscow, October 12, 1992. From the American side, employees of the Rand Corporation took part in the seminar. The delegation was led by Ambassador Robert Blackwell. The Russian side was represented by employees of the 30 Central Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense and the Military Engineering Academy named after V.I. prof. Zhukovsky. Benjamin Lambeth delivered the keynote address on Air Superiority in Operation Tiddler Storm.

Australian International Airshow, October 1992. Avalon, pcs. Victoria, Australia. The Russian delegation presented An-124, Mi-17 and Ka-32 helicopters.

International Conference Air Power, 11-12 February 1993 London, UK. The head of the 30 Central Research Institute V. E. Aleksandrov made a report on "Prospects for the development of a fighter for the conquest of air supremacy"

Abbotsford International Airshow in Canada, August 1993. Russia was represented by the Russian Knights group on Su-27 aircraft and Il 76 aircraft.

Due to the closed nature of the subject matter of the institute, there is very little information about the participation of the 30th Central Research Institute in specific developments. Below are examples of the participation of 30 Central Research Institute in various projects, reflected in previously published open sources.

Participation in the preparation of the first manned space flights

Assistant to the Commander-in-Chief of the Air Force for Space (from 1960 to 1971), Colonel-General of Aviation N.P. Kamanin, in his diaries recorded many of the most important events in the preparation of the first manned space flights. The 30th Central Research Institute is repeatedly mentioned in these diaries. Note: the institute is mentioned either by its name (TsNII-30), or by the name of its chief (Ioffe, Molotkov).

For about four hours we discussed our comments on the Soyuz. Generals Mishuk, Ioffe, Babiychuk, Goreglyad, Kholodkov, colonels Yazdovsky, Karpov, Terentyev, Momzyakov and others - more than 20 people in total - were present.

We will receive data on the position of the ships from powerful direction finders, transmit them to TsNII-30, and in 15 minutes we will know the coordinates of the ships.

Yesterday General Ioffe (head of TsNII-30 - Ed.) Reported to me that one of these days he would have a docking simulator ready. Next week I will need to go to Noginsk, watch this simulator and at the same time try to accelerate the improvement of other simulators.

Lieutenant General Ioffe dropped in and reported that by December 25, his institute would have completed a docking simulator. Judging by his report and the reports of a group of engineers from the Center (Vankov's brigade), the simulator will be good. It will be possible not only to train crews, but also to carry out some research in the interests of OKB-1 to test the Soyuz project.

I spent the whole day yesterday with a group of cosmonauts and engineers at TsNII-30 in Noginsk, where they got acquainted with the simulator for docking spacecraft in orbit. The simulator is almost completely ready, and we saw it in operation ... In addition to the docking simulator, General Ioffe showed us several new flight simulators and electronic computers, including an onboard computer for a spacecraft. It weighs only 40 kilograms, but it can carry out full control over the operation of the ship's equipment and solve space navigation problems. I am convinced that TsNII-30, TsPK and GKNII VVS can make any space simulator better than any other organization, and, what is especially important, they can make it quickly.

Held a meeting on drawing up a long-term plan for manned space flights for the next 3-5 years. Generals were present: Ioffe, Volynkin, Arbuzov, Kuznetsov, Kholodkov, Gazenko, Babiychuk and others.

On Saturday, TsNII-30 gathered representatives of all ministries and departments involved in the development of search tools. Ioffe, Matveev and other comrades quite energetically set about developing a scientifically grounded system for detecting and searching for spaceships, it is a pity that this work begins three years later than the period on which the Air Force once insisted.

The second meeting of the State Commission on L-1 was held yesterday. ... At the meeting, reports were heard on the measures necessary to ensure the flights of lunar ships .... 2. Report by Colonel Sibiryakov and Captain 1st Rank Dmitriev on the search service. TsNII-30 (Ioffe), together with a dozen military and civilian organizations, carried out extensive research work to substantiate the necessary sea, aviation, radio communication and other means for the search service.

Molotkov [at that time the first deputy chief of the GKNII VVS] is an intelligent general, he is still relatively young (he is a little over 40), and his candidacy [for the post of head of the CPC] is perhaps one of the most suitable.

Held a meeting of the heads of the Air Force institutes (Ioffe, Volynkin, Pushko, Kuznetsov) to substantiate the requirements for crew members of lunar ships (LOK, LK) intended for an expedition to the moon. Ioffe, Volynkin and Pushko made many useful suggestions.

Two days ago, at the expert commission on the L-1 spacecraft, I made a report on the conclusions of the study of its descent vehicle, landing system and SAS. Smirnov reported on the means of life support, Ioffe - on the possibilities of searching and detecting the ship after landing, and Gagarin reported on the progress of training crews for the L-1 and the development of simulators. In general, the ship is still "raw" and has a lot of shortcomings.

In recent days, G.A.Tulin and Chief Designer of Lunnikov Georgy Nikolaevich Babakin called me several times - both asked to connect TsNII-30 (Ioffe) to new job Babakin, associated with the return from the Moon to Earth of an automatic device weighing 40-50 kilograms.

I spoke on the phone with Mishin and Tyulin about the need to revise some of the initial data on the L-3 ship - the landing site, the maximum permissible detection time, and the presence of self-designating means on the ship. Such initial data were issued to us (the Air Force) in 1966, and on the basis of them TsNII-30 carried out the research work "Ellipse", according to the recommendations of which the Air Force and the Navy should create a search service for spaceships on land and in the Indian Ocean with a total cost of about 800 million rubles.

However, a long chain of our failures in manned flights over the past three or four years has hampered and still prevents us from sharply raising the question of restructuring the existing structure of space divisions and Air Force units. We still operate with our fingers spread, there is a lot of irresponsibility and little unity of purpose, and often there is no well-thought-out perspective. In the near future it is necessary:
1. Introduce the post of Deputy Commander-in-Chief for Space. 2. To unite the space links of the central apparatus (search service, part of General Frolov, the Sun service, the apparatus of the assistant to the Commander-in-Chief, space medicine, etc.), subordinating them to the Deputy Commander-in-Chief for Space.
3. In TsNII-30, GNIKI and the Institute of Aerospace Medicine to create space administrations.

Spiral (aerospace system)

From 1964 to 1979, the USSR developed a project for the Spiral aerospace system (VKS), for the first time using the horizontal launch of an orbital aircraft (OS) from an accelerator aircraft.

Around 1964, a group of scientists and specialists from the Central Research Institute-30 of the Air Force developed a concept for creating a fundamentally new VKS, which most rationally integrated the ideas of an airplane, a rocket plane and a space object and would satisfy the above requirements. In mid-1965, the Minister of Aviation Industry P. V. Dementyev instructed the A. I. Mikoyan Design Bureau to develop a project for this system, which was named "Spiral". G.E. Lozino-Lozinsky was appointed the chief designer of the system. From the Air Force, the work was supervised by S.G. Frolov, military-technical support was entrusted to the head of the TsNII-30 - Z.A. Ioffe, as well as his deputy for science V.I.Semenov and the heads of directorates - V.A.Matveev and O. B. Rukosuev - the main ideologists of the VKS concept.

Buran (spaceship)

3rd generation fighters

By the mid-60s, specialists from the Central Research Institute-30, in charge of general issues Air Force aircraft, new requirements were formed for a multipurpose front-line aircraft ([Su-17])

4th generation fighters

The leadership of the Ministry of Defense instructed TsNII-30 AKT of the Air Force, the central organization that served as the customer of aircraft, to formulate the requirements for the aircraft, which was to replace the MiG-21, MiG-23, Su-9, Su-11 and Su-15 fighters in the Air Force and Air Defense ... The theme received the code PFI - "promising front-line fighter".

Requirements for such a machine - a promising front-line fighter (PFI) - were first formed at the 30th Central Research Institute of Aerospace Technology of the Ministry of Defense.

In 1971, the institutes of industry and the customer - the Research Institute of Automatic Systems of the Minaviaprom (NIIAS MAP, now the State Research Institute of Aviation Systems - GosNIIAS) and the Central Research Institute-30 of the Ministry of Defense (TsNII-30 MO) - began research on the formation of the concept of building a fleet of fighter aircraft ( IA) as part of the country's air force in the 80s.

In 1973, as a whole, studies were completed to substantiate the composition of a promising fleet of IA. now applied to specific Su-27 and MiG-29 aircraft. and updated TTT VVS to PFI and LPI were issued.

The preliminary design of the Su-27K was considered in September-October 1984 by the commission of the customer ... The requirements for the Su-27K developed at the TsNII-30 branch provided for its use not only to provide air defense, but also to combat enemy surface ships.

- [Aviation and time. - 2004. - N3]

Upgrading weapons systems will allow the MiG-31 heavy fighter to hit hypersonic aircraft. Colonel Yuri Balyko, head of the 30 Central Research Institute of the Air Force, told reporters today.

Electronic warfare

As part of the Central Research Institute of the Air Force (headed by its chief, Doctor of Military Sciences, Lieutenant General of Aviation A.P. Molotkov), such work in the 60-80s was carried out by departments under the leadership of Colonels M.P. Popov, Yu.P. Melnikov, G. Gorchitsa. I. and Lvov A.N. as part of the Office headed by Colonel Burlakov P.G.

Aircraft armament

X-25 air-to-ground guided missile.

After the successful implementation of the laser system in the Su-17M-2, Su-17M-3, MiG-27 and X-25 missiles, the work "Solving the Scientific and Practical Problem of Using Laser Radiation for Accurate Guidance of Aircraft Weapons" in 1976 was awarded the Lenin Prize. A group of authors consisting of E. A. Fedosov (GosNIIAS), V. G. Korenkov (OKB KMZ), D. M. Khorol, A. A. Kazamarov (Central Design Bureau "Geofizika"), R. A. Pankov (30 Central Research Institute of Moscow ) was awarded the title of laureates of the Lenin Prize.

Notes (edit)

The site of the Russian Ministry of Defense. "30 Central Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation 45 years." The message of the Air Force Press Service dated January 18, 2006 from the original February 1, 2007
Order of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation of May 24, 2010 N 551 "On the reorganization of federal state institutions subordinate to the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation" (http://bazazakonov.ru/doc/index.php?ID=2206728; http: //base.consultant .ru / cons / cgi / online.cgi? req = doc; base = EXP; n = 488230)
Directory-calendar 2011. Agency ARMS-TASS from the original source January 16, 2012
The official website of the Russian Federation on the Internet for posting information about placing orders. FSI "30 Central Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense of Russia". from the original January 16, 2012
Skopets GM The go-ahead to the ordering and development of weapons and military equipment has been given // Aviapanorama. −2010. - No. 2. from the original January 16, 2012
Ioffe Zelik Aronovich. Electronic version of the Russian Jewish Encyclopedia.
Eremeev L. G., Knauer G. E. At the head of the first computing center of the Air Force. To the 100th anniversary of Z. A. Ioffe // Military History Journal. - 2003. -No. 10. - S. 53.

unique laboratory facilities, developed

placed in 15 specialized

buildings;

more than 40 multidisciplinary laboratories

thorium and laboratory complexes, equipment

ore with special stands

and installations, for a comprehensive assessment

ki weapons and means of radiation, chemical and biological protection;

modern instrumentation for carrying out physicochemical, radiometric, spectrometric, toxicological, biochemical, physiological and immunological studies;

a unique scientific and information fund;

highly qualified research team, which includes more than doctors and candidates of sciences;

unparalleled polygon base with an area of more than 450 km 2, including more than 50 various specialized structures and a developed system of access roads and engineering networks;

more than 20 equipped working fields and sites for full-scale testing of weapons, military and special equipment;

33rd Central Research and Testing Institute of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation - 80 years since its foundation Attention! Read the electronic version of the journal on the website of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation - http://www.mil.ru Voennaya Mysl E-mail: [email protected] The journal is freely available at the Russian Ministry of Defense RIC.

The index of the magazine for Russian and foreign subscribers according to the Rospechat catalog - according to the catalog of Vse Pressa LLC - ISSN 0236-2058 Voennaya Mysl. 2008. No. 6. 1 - DEAR COMMANDS!

I heartily congratulate the management, employees and veterans of the 33rd Central Research and Testing Institute of the Ministry of Defense. The history of the Ulyanovsk Guards Twice Red Banner of the Russian Federation on the 80th anniversary of the Order of the Red Star Higher Tank Command School of Education! named after V.I. Lenin leads him from the Simbirski ne, created in 1918. At all stages of the historical path, the intimate command courses, which were then the institute provided a high-quality solution, were renamed into the 2nd Simbirsk school for the most difficult and responsible tasks of the command staff (1921), riflemen artilization of the state military-technical (1931), armored (1932) schools, radiation policy and the 1st Ulyanovsk Armored School (1937).

Many of its graduates were awarded high degrees in chemical protection in the Armed Forces grad, 75 were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union of the Russian Federation. About this testimony Yuz, and I.N. This title was boldly conferred on the Order of Fighting and Labor twice.

Of the Red Banner, which was awarded to the 33 Central Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation.

The editorial board and editorial staff of the Voennaya Mysl magazine ser The Institute is a unique research and sincerely congratulates the staff and graduates of the school, the Council is the veteran organization of our troops, a recognized school of sub-personnel headed by retired guard colonel A.A. Andronov with the training of scientific personnel, who are distinguished by the highest professionalism - the 90th anniversary of the founding of the renowned educational institution and the desire for zonalism and responsibility: whether it be conducting research and everyone has good health, happiness and new successes, with the dignity of testing new high-tech weapons and carrying military in life, the high rank and honor of a tank officer, to be proud of the technology or the performance of specific tasks by military scientists - their belonging to the famous cohort of guardsmen of the GUKTU!

during the elimination of the consequences of the radiation catastrophe at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, the earthquake in Spitak, LENINGRAD HIGHER participation in the support of hostilities in Afghanistan and Chechnya.

GENERAL TWICE The leadership of the Ministry of Defense highly appreciates the weight of the RED-RENEWED TEAM contribution made by the staff of the Institute to strengthening the SCHOOL NAMED AFTER S.M. KIROVA defense Russian army to improve the system of radiation, chemical and biological safety One of the oldest military educational institutions of the Armed Forces - the Leningrad Armed Forces and the State. higher combined-arms command It is gratifying to note that, despite all the objective difficulties, the Institute, as a city-forming organization, provides them with dignity twice for the Red Banner School. CM. Kirov - 90 years! In accordance with the order of the People's Commissar for Military and Maritime Affairs, on 24 May 1918, wounds in the military town of Shikhany. Oranienbaum machine gun school of the Red Army, later transformed into machine gun courses, and then into the 1st Petrograd infantry school. Other military training for I am sure that the staff of the institute will continue to direct their leadership, standing at the origins of the school, were the 3rd infantry Soviet Petrograd forces, knowledge and creative energy to maintain the authority of the Finnish courses, opened by order of the All-Russian General Staff for military Russia in the military-chemical field. educational institutions of November 14, 1918. In 1926, the International Red Banner School became part of the 1st Leningrad Infantry School, bringing more I wish you all good health, happiness, prosperity, accomplishments, a rich combat experience and a high award of the Motherland - the Order of the Red Banner, which has plans, new achievements in science, further success in service and she was awarded in 1922.

labor for the sake of and for the good of Russia! The Great Patriotic War was a severe test for the officers and cadets of the school. On February 6, 1942, the school was awarded the Second Chief of the Quartering and Arrangement Service with the Order of the Red Banner for exemplary fulfillment of the tasks of the command and for the valor and courage shown at the same time.

Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation (until April 2008 - Another combat test for Kirovites was the Afghan and two Chechen wars. 956 graduates of the school passed through them, 72 of them gave their lives on the battlefield.

chief of the troops of radiation, chemical and biological protection. During the existence of the school, 120 graduates were produced. From its walls you are the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation) more than twenty two thousand officers went, 57 graduates were awarded high rank Colonel General - Hero of the Soviet Union and Hero of Russia.

V. Filippov The editorial board and editors of the Voennoy Mysl magazine warmly and heartily congratulate all Kirov residents, the Council of Veterans on the anniversary of the renowned school and wish them good health, good and prosperity, new successes in the noble cause of serving the Fatherland.

THOUGHT MILITARY-THEORETICAL JOURNAL BODY OF THE MINISTRY OF DEFENSE 6 2008 OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION June IS PUBLISHED FROM JUNE 1, 1918 CONGRATULATIONS TO THE COLLEAGUES OF THE 33 TSNII ......................... EDITORIAL COLLEGE :

WORD TO ANNIVERSARY S.V. S.V. Rodikov KUKHOTKIN - Application of the methodology ( Chief Editor a) controlled systems to improve A.V. Alyoshin of the effectiveness of protection against mass weapons Yu.N. Baluevsky defeat ................................................ ..................... A.V. O. Belousov Burtsev R.N. SADOVNIKOV, A.YU. A. I. Boyko MANETS - V.N. Buslovsky Prospects for the use of N.I. Vaganov of remote radiation reconnaissance ...................... M.G. Vozhakin M.A. E.V. Gareev Shatalov, O. N. ALIMOV - Integrated A.G. Gerasimov system of means of protection of personnel V.E. Evtukhovich from weapons of mass destruction .................................. O.A. Ivanov V.I. Isakov E.V. E. V. Shatalov Egorov - Prospects for E.A. Karpov development of the system of infantry flamethrowers A.F. Klimenko as an integral part of A.F. Maslov of individual combat equipment N.G. Mikhaltsov servicemen ................................................ ........... A.V. V.A. Sturgeon Popov S.V. KUKHOTKIN, G. I. OLEFIR, A.S. VELYAMINOV - M.M. Popov Scientific and methodological foundations of the organization V.A. Popovkin, the use of formations of radiation troops, A.S. Rukshin of the chemical and biological defense of the RF Armed Forces under E.I. Semenov for liquidation of emergency situations at chemically (executive secretary of the editorial office) hazardous facilities .................................... ............................... VC. V.V. Sinilov Smirnov CONGRATULATIONS TO THE VETERANS OF THE INSTITUTE ........ V.G. Khalitov Yu.M. Chubarev GEOPOLITICS AND SECURITY (Deputy Editor-in-Chief) A.A. Shvaychenko A.V. RADCHUK - Methodological approach to determining the levels of unacceptable damage to the economic system of the state ...................................... ......................... S.A. S. V. KOMOV I. N. KOROTKOV DYLEVSKY - On the evolution of modern American doctrine EDITORIAL ADDRESS:

"Information operations" ......................................... 119160, Moscow , MILITARY ARTS Khoroshevskoe highway, 38d.

Editorial office of the journal I.N. V. A. Vorobiev KISELEV - Strategic "Military Thought"

in modern wars ............................................... .. Phones:

693-58-94, 693-57-73 K.A. TROTSENKO - On the implementation of combat capabilities fax: 693-58-92 tactical grouping of troops ................................. Attention authors! IN THE OPINION OF THE AUTHOR SHUTENKO - On the issue of the content of your TIN, address, series and number of electronic warfare .................................. ........ passports, date of birth and number of insurance certificate of state pension insurance.

"Voennaya Mysl", CONGRATULATIONS TO COLLEAGUES 33 CONGRATULATIONS TO COLLEAGUES 33 TO INSTITUTE ANOTHER anniversary date in the life of the team of the 33rd Central Research and Testing Institute of the Ministry of Defense is an excellent occasion to pay tribute and admiration to all those who have devoted themselves to workers, engineers: scientists, soldiers, officers.

With all the variety of specialties and professions represented in the numerous staff of the institute, there is one quality that all employees, without exception, possess - true patriotism. It is this quality that has gathered representatives of various cities and regions of all of Russia into a unique community, the purpose of which is to preserve and increase the defense capability and authority of the Motherland.

Many outstanding scientists and organizers of science, testers of the highest qualifications created an impeccable reputation of the institute: academicians I.L. Knunyants, A.D. Kuntsevich, top-class specialists V.G. Zolotar, N.S. Antonov, V.T. Zabornya, V.P. Malyshev, M.I. Smirnov, V.P. Kar pov. This list can be continued for a long, long time.

Coverage of the results of the work of the departments and administrations of the institute, impressive scientific achievements are rarely found on the pages of scientific journals and publications, at the same time, they are clearly felt in every model, weapons systems, recommendations for troops, which are developed and introduced into the defense complex with the participation of specialists. institute.

33 TsNII MO RF and Shikhany are a wonderful community of military and civilian scientists, theorists and practitioners, and unique specialists. Their role and significance for the state and society cannot be effectively replaced by the results of the activities of any other structures and institutions.

Without exaggeration, it can be argued that the institute and everything connected with it is a national treasure of Russia, the development, support and prosperity of which is an objective necessity and the main task of the command of the NBC defense troops, the leadership of the institute and its large team.

On the day of the 80th anniversary of the glorious Central Research and Testing Institute of the Ministry of Defense, please accept my most sincere congratulations, wishes for new creative and labor successes, progressive growth and development of fundamental and applied branches of knowledge, which are the basis of your fruitful, such necessary work for the benefit of our Homeland.

A convinced Shikhanets, director of the Scientific Research Institute of Hygiene, Occupational Pathology and Human Ecology, State Prize Laureate, Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor V.R. Rembovsky CONGRATULATIONS TO COLLEAGUES 33 TO THE INSTITUTE OF COLLEAGUES of the Moscow State Technical University named after N.E. Bauman congratulates the personnel of the 33rd Central Scientific Research Testing Institute of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation on the 80th anniversary of its foundation!

Your institute has made a worthy contribution to the development of military chemical science, to the creation of a reliable defense shield for our Motherland. Today, the institute has accumulated a large scientific and technical potential, a unique laboratory and field experimental base has been created, which allow successfully solving the most complex problems of development modern designs weapons and means of radiation, chemical and biological protection.

On this significant day for you, it is pleasant to note that you are the team of the Moscow State Technical University named after N.E. Bauman and the institute are working in close contact on research on various scientific and technical aspects of improving technical equipment troops of the NBC protection of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. We note the high scientific prestige of your institute both in the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation and in the defense industry.

We wish the entire team, veterans of the institute, good health, creative longevity, prosperity and new achievements in strengthening the power of Russia!

Rector of the Moscow State Technical University named after N.E. Bauman, RAS Corresponding Member I.B. Fedorov OT LABOR team CJSC "Ki Race" and on my own behalf I congratulate you on a significant date - the 80th anniversary of the founding of the institute. 33 Central Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation is the head research institution of the radiation, chemical and biological defense troops of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation.

High professionalism, a responsible approach to business, efficiency in decision-making, benevolence and assistance in solving complex technical problems - these are the main qualities that characterize the work of the management and staff of the institute. Thanks to them, the Institute deserves a leading position in Russia in terms of the level and quality of its research.

During this period, the employees of the institute have done a great deal of work on the creation and development of new models of military equipment, training of scientific personnel, made a significant contribution to improving and increasing the combat effectiveness of the country's Armed Forces.

CONGRATULATIONS TO COLLEAGUES 33 TO THE INSTITUTE We wish the respected staff of the Institute further creative successes in the development of military science, in the noble cause of strengthening the defense capability of Russia, health and happiness to you and your loved ones.

General Director of CJSC "Kirasa"

V.A. The Kormushin COLLECTIVE of the Closed Joint Stock Company "Polimerfilter" cordially greets the personnel of the 33rd Central Research and Testing Institute of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation on the 80th anniversary of its foundation!

Over the 80 years of its activity, your institute has made a significant contribution to solving a set of tasks to ensure the protection of the troops and population of the country from chemical weapons, radioactive substances and biological agents. We are pleased to note that the path traversed by the institute over the eighty years is directly and closely related to the labor efforts of our team, the implementation of many of your recommendations into specific defense products.

We appreciate your services, marked by high state awards, the humble work of each performer, and wish you further success in solving common problems. The Institute is distinguished by extensive ties with the troops, research institutions, educational institutions of the Ministry of Defense, scientific, design and production enterprises of industry.

On this significant day for you, it is pleasant to note that the teams of CJSC "Polimerfilter" and your institute are working in close contact on research of various scientific and technical aspects in the development of modern water supply facilities.

We wish the entire staff of the Institute further creative success in strengthening the combat power of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation for the good of the Motherland!

General Director of CJSC "Polimerfilter"

State Prize Laureate S.Yu. YEROSHCHEV ON BEHALF OF THE ORDER OF LENIN collective of JSC Inorganika, we congratulate the 33 Central Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation on the glorious 80th anniversary of the organization.

During all these years, you have been guarding the security of our Armed Forces and the entire population from the possible impact of weapons of mass destruction from a potential adversary.

CONGRATULATIONS TO COLLEAGUES 33 TO THE INSTITUTE you have substantiated, developed, tested hundreds of new samples of protection, indication, degassing equipment, which always did not match foreign models in terms of their technical characteristics, but more often than not surpassed them. The norms for the combat operation of samples, standards, manuals, instructions, developed by you, ensured the effective use of new means.

The gigantic work you have done has ensured a high level of protection for our Armed Forces and the population, which did not allow us to use weapons of mass destruction against us during this entire period.

The employees of the institute made an invaluable contribution by their heroic work to the elimination of the consequences of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant.

The high level of research and testing work carried out at the institute, most of which are unique, contributes to the development in industry, in particular in our association, of perfect samples of technology. The institute has rightfully become a breeding ground for highly qualified personnel. Hundreds of candidates, doctors of sciences, working at the institute, work not only in the Armed Forces, but also in many industrial organizations, making a worthy contribution to our economy. The Institute rightfully enjoys indisputable authority among scientific institutions in the country and abroad.

The Institute's developments have been repeatedly awarded the highest state awards, including State Prizes.

Our association has been closely cooperating with the institute from the very beginning of its formation continuously during all these 80 years. All these years, we have constantly felt the reliable shoulder of colleagues in a common cause. We were rendered invaluable assistance in the work of both the specialists of our departments and the management of the institute. What we have achieved is also your merit, for which we are very grateful to you. We hope for further fruitful cooperation.

We wish you, the outpost of military-chemical science, continued success in your work, prosperity, personal happiness to all employees of the institute.

General Director of OJSC "ENPO" Inorganica "

State Prize Laureate V.V. Chebykin ACCEPT sincere congratulations on the anniversary of the 33rd Central Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation.

The 33rd Central Research and Testing Institute of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation has come a long and fruitful way and today is a wonderful example of how creative search combined with work, energy, knowledge, will and organizational abilities of all generations of the institute's scientific elite can lead to with red results.

Over the years, the Institute has become a leader in many areas of development of new technologies in military chemical science.

CONGRATULATIONS TO COLLEAGUES 33 TO THE INSTITUTE Your institute is a pioneer in the development and improvement of various means of chemical protection of troops and population of our Motherland.

The scope of daily activities, professionalism and competence of a friendly team command respect and allow you to see your institution as a reliable partner in the implementation of the most daring projects within the framework of our scientific cooperation.

We are confident that your movement towards new successes will continue in the future.

I wish the whole team the embodiment of creative ideas, prosperity, prosperity, stability and continuous movement forward!

General Director of GosNIOChT Doctor of Technical Sciences V.B. Kondratyev FROM THE PERSON of the staff of the State Unitary Enterprise "Instrument Making Design Bureau" I cordially congratulate you on the 80th anniversary of the institute.

Our organizations are linked by many years of fruitful work on the development of fire weapons.

Celebrating the glorious anniversary of your institute, I would like to emphasize the high professionalism of the staff and the responsibility in fulfilling the assigned tasks to strengthen the defense capability of our country.

I would like to express special gratitude to all former and current employees of the institute for their enormous contribution to our joint work, for the kind, human relations that have developed between 33 TsNII MO RF and SUE KBP.

Happy holiday, dear friends, I wish you all good health, success in the assigned work, new scientific achievements, personal welfare and further fruitful cooperation between us!

General Director of the State Unitary Enterprise "KBP"

Doctor of Economics and Candidate of Technical Sciences A.L. Rybas MANAGEMENT and the staff of CJSC "Center for Special Design - Vector" heartily congratulate the personnel of the 33rd Central Research and Testing Institute of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation on a significant date - the 80th anniversary of day of education!

The celebrated date is an important stage in a difficult and responsible path that you have traveled with honor and dignity. You have made a great contribution CONGRATULATIONS TO COLLEAGUES 33 TO THE INSTITUTE in the successful activity of the troops of radiation, chemical and biological protection and, as a consequence, in the strengthening of Russia and the enterprises of the defense complex.

For 80 years, they grew step by step and improved their experience and skills, trained experienced leaders, and raised a strong team of specialists.

The team of ZAO "Center for Special Design - Vector" always feels support, an honest assessment of the merits of the products being developed, assistance in providing work on the creation of new models of equipment.

Extensive professional experience, a deep understanding of the issues of providing troops with new models of weapons and military equipment, the ability to identify the most promising areas of their development - these are the qualities that have earned your organization the sincere respect of industrial enterprises.

And today the staff of ZAO "Center for Special Design - Vector" is deeply convinced that further cooperation and joint work will help create best samples equipment required by the Russian Armed Forces.

80 years is an important milestone in life, but you still have many great and glorious deeds and achievements ahead.

With all our hearts we wish you good health, prosperity, and also celebrate a new anniversary with new successes for the benefit of our Motherland.

General Director of CJSC "Center for Special Design - Vector"

Candidate of Technical Sciences, Honorary Corresponding Member of the International Academy of Natural Sciences E.M. Litvinenko DEAR team of the 33rd Central Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation! Congratulations on the 80th anniversary of the institute!

Thanks to close collaboration with specialists from the 33rd Central Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, a number of the most important samples for the Ministry of Defense and EMERCOM of Russia were tested and accepted for supply.

CONGRATULATIONS TO COLLEAGUES 33 TO THE INSTITUTE We value the good relations that have developed between our teams and look forward to long-term and fruitful cooperation.

Dear colleagues, we wish you good health, prosperity, and further success in your professional activities!

General Director of Sorbent OJSC

B.A. Dubovik DEAR colleagues! The management and staff of the State Research Center FSUE "TsNIIHM" heartily congratulate the staff of the Federal State Institution of the 33rd Central Research and Testing Institute of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation on the 80th anniversary of its foundation. All long-term and fruitful activities of the Institute are aimed at solving the most complex scientific, technical and special military problems of creating and operating high-tech weapons and ensuring radiation, chemical and biological safety of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and the state as a whole.

The high qualifications of the institute's employees and a unique, unparalleled in the country and abroad test base ensure the successful creation and development of the latest models of weapons and military equipment.

We note with special satisfaction the contribution of the Institute to the training of military chemists, testers, commanders and personnel of the troops in the cause of increasing the defense capability of our Motherland.

On the day of the 80th anniversary, we sincerely confirm our readiness to strengthen the good traditions that have developed in our creative ties, to jointly develop new areas of research and development.

Many years of your life, health, scientific achievements, creative successes, family well-being, success and happiness to your family and friends!

General Director of the State Research Center of the Russian Federation FSUE "TsNIIHM"

Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor S.V. Eremin DEAR Sergey Vladimirovich!

FSUE "GNPP" Splav "congratulates you and the staff of the institute on the 80th anniversary of the founding of the 33rd Central Research and Testing Institute of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation.

Throughout its existence, the Institute has confidently maintained its leading positions as a research and development organization not only CONGRATULATIONS TO COLLEAGUES 33 TO THE INSTITUTE in the troops of radiation, chemical and biological protection of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, but also in the Ministry of Defense as a whole.

The staff of the institute adequately responds to the challenges of the time and the assigned tasks, constantly participates in testing new types of equipment, and also improves the previously released ones, conducting fundamental and applied research, developing the most advanced technologies.

Joint cooperation in the development and testing of such items of special equipment as unguided rockets as part of the heavy flamethrower systems TOS-1 and TOS-1A, a vapor-liquid installation for special treatment of PZhU SO "Blanche", an autonomous device for special treatment APSO "Transbaikalia", a set of autonomous military devices of special processing "Lipstick" showed the high scientific and creative potential of the team of the 33rd Central Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation.

The combination of scientific potential and traditions, as well as the unique laboratory and testing base of the institute, provide an opportunity to solve the problems of creating and testing promising samples of special equipment at a high scientific and technical level.

I wish you and the staff of the Institute good health, happiness, success, scientific achievements and creative success.

General Director of FSUE “GNPP“ Splav ”, Hero of the Russian Federation, Lenin and State Prize Laureate, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor N.A. Makarovets DEAR friends!

The team of FSUE "FNPC" Pribor "

congratulates you on a significant date - the 80th anniversary of the formation of the Federal State Institution of the 33rd Central Research and Testing Institute of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation.

On this solemn day, let me note that the staff of the institute confidently occupies a leading position as a scientific institution, allowing for many years to conduct unique field experiments to test the latest models of weapons and military equipment. The services of the institute were marked with high government awards.

Joint cooperation over the course of many years has linked us with the bonds of mutual creativity, labor for the good of the Motherland in creating the latest models of technology.

CONGRATULATIONS TO COLLEAGUES 33 TO THE INSTITUTE The staff of the Institute consists of highly qualified specialists, scientists, continuing in modern conditions the glorious scientific traditions of the Institute.

Dear colleagues, we wish you good health, personal happiness, prosperity, scientific and creative achievements.

General Director, Academician O.T. Chizhevsky COLLECTIVE JSC Research Institute of Rubber and Latex Products cordially congratulates the team of the 33rd Central Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation with a glorious event - the 80th anniversary of its foundation.

Particularly valuable to us is the activity of your team aimed at studying the impact of various unfavorable factors on the human body and methods of its protection. Wide era, high professional level, interest in identifying the most reliable methods and methods of human protection ensure the accuracy and reliability of the Institute's research results.

We wish your team further successful work for the benefit of our Motherland, and we also wish every team member success, health and happiness.

Best regards, General Director of JSC "Research Institute of Rubber and Latex Products"

V.V. Ivanov WORD TO ANNIVERSARY Application of the methodology of controlled systems to improve the effectiveness of protection against weapons of mass destruction Colonel S.V. KUKHOTKIN, Candidate of Technical Sciences KUKHOTKIN Sergey Vladimirovich was born on March 13, 1959 in the village of Susolovka, Ustyug District, Vologda Region.

Graduated from the Tambov Higher Military Command School of Chemical Defense (1980), the Military Academy of Chemical Defense (1991).

Since 1991 - in the 33 Central Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. He worked his way up from a junior researcher to the head of the institute. Specialist in the field of operational tactical and feasibility studies of the prospects for the development of weapons and means of radiation, chemical and biological protection.

He was awarded the Order of Military Merit and many medals. Author of over 190 scientific works. Associate Professor, Corresponding Member of the Academy of Engineering Sciences, Professor of the Academy of Military Sciences.

The MODERN concept of the development of means and methods for protecting troops and objects from weapons of mass destruction (WMD) is based on the integral concept of a protection system as a closed information and control loop, which includes all stages of the work of various levels of control - from organizing the collection of information about radiation, chemical and biological ( RCB) the situation before the control functions associated with the implementation of adequate protection measures. This is due to the fact that, since there are no simple and permanent means of protection against weapons of mass destruction, the implementation of any measures to protect units of troops is carried out on command after analyzing the data characterizing the current situation.

Figure 1 shows the structural and functional diagram of such a system, developed on the basis of generalizing the structural models of control systems known from the theory of automatic control and regulation. In accordance with this scheme, the protection operation algorithm is as follows. According to reconnaissance data, the probable state of the control object is predicted in the planned time interval of combat work. Taking into account these data and based on the results of monitoring the current state of the object, the governing body develops an effect that transfers the protection subsystem to a certain state, which in turn ensures the preservation of the object in a combat-ready state.

In terms of control theory, one of the fundamental principles of control is implemented with the help of technical means of RCS intelligence - the principle of compensation or control according to the measurement data of the disturbing factor with the so-called open control loop, in which the actual state of the object is not controlled.

This principle has a significant drawback, which is that S.V. KUKHOTKIN Fig. 1. Structural and functional diagram of the system of protection against weapons of mass destruction The presence of instrumental and methodological errors in the information circuit of the system eventually leads to a deviation of the state of the object from the required one.

With the help of RCB control, the second fundamental principle of control is implemented - the principle of feedback or control by the deviation of the state of an object from a given one. In this case, the control action is corrected, as a result of which the control cycle becomes closed. The disadvantage of this principle is that control errors are not eliminated, but only corrected, i.e.

taken into account in subsequent decisions.

There is also a third fundamental principle - the principle of direct control, when protection measures are carried out regardless of the presence or absence of data on the damaging factors of weapons of mass destruction and the current state of control objects. This principle is not always realizable due to the constraining and exhausting effect of modern means and methods of protection.

It should be emphasized that a fundamental feature of the structural diagram of the functional protection system is the presence in its structure of two information subsystems (channels) that are different in purpose: RCB intelligence and RCB control. At present, such a division can be clearly traced only for systems of protection against radiation factors of a nuclear explosion, in which reconnaissance means are represented by dose rate meters, and control means - by dose meters. As applied to the identification of the chemical and biological environment, there is currently no such obvious apparatus separation. The forecasting and control functions are carried out using the same equipment. However, it is fundamentally important that the decision-making process on protection is always based on two types of information: the forecast of the impact of weapons of mass destruction according to the data of the RCB intelligence on objects and the assessment according to the data of the RCB control of their current state.

The absence of any of these components of information makes it fundamentally impossible to choose adequate protection measures.

APPLICATION OF THE METHODOLOGY OF CONTROLLED SYSTEMS FOR PROTECTION AGAINST WMD As you know, the starting and most responsible stage of the mathematical description of a controlled process is the choice and formalization of the control goal. Selecting “wrong” elements of the system means creating less effective system, choosing the “wrong” goal means creating the wrong system.

The goal of protection in one or another link of the hierarchical control system is dictated by the very formulation of a combat mission by a higher control link and can be formulated as ensuring the combat capability of the control object (in a particular case, by using personal protective equipment) in the time interval for performing this task.

There is a probabilistic dependence of the loss of combat effectiveness on the intensity and time of exposure to one or another damaging factor of weapons of mass destruction, that is, on the radiation dose, toxic dose or infectious dose (in general, the dose). Consequently, the current value of the dose is an objective quantitative characteristic that determines the state of combat capability of the control object, and, therefore, a formal control object from the point of view of protection against weapons of mass destruction. Therefore, the goal of functioning of the protection system is achieved only if the dose to the personnel of the controlled object does not exceed a certain conditionally permissible value, at which the probability of failure of the object is close to zero or does not exceed a certain specified value.

Formally, the goal of protection control is given by the inequality:

D (Tb.r.) Dadd, (1) where Dadd is a conditionally permissible dose that does not lead to a loss of ammunition in the time interval for performing combat operations.

All protective measures are ultimately aimed at reducing the dose in one way or another; therefore, the protective properties of protective measures are fully characterized by the rate of dose reduction (protection factor) due to these measures in relation to the unprotected state. Therefore, from a formal point of view, protection management is the planning and implementation of measures to ensure the required protection factor (Kz). The value of this coefficient serves as an integral characteristic of the complex of planned protection measures in the time interval of combat work and, in essence, is a formalized description of the control action.

In the general case, the control capabilities are limited by a certain maximum value of the protection coefficient Kmax, which determines the actual limit of the active activity of the control body to reduce the damaging effect of the controlled factors of weapons of mass destruction, i.e., the resource of protection of one or another control link.

Accordingly, the controllable region of possible states of the control object is defined by the following inequalities:

1 Kz K max. (2) The physical meaning of the introduced concepts: protection resource, controllable area - is explained in Figure 2. It schematically represents the affected area of unprotected objects, limited by the curve for the permissible dose and the affected area determined by the final protection resource, limited by the curve for the dose determined how did S.V. KUKHOTKIN Fig. 2. Illustration of the concepts of "protection resource"

and "managed area"

maintaining the permissible dose for the protection resource. Here, the managed area is the area of loss prevention through protection measures.

In the affected area, objects are not controllable, that is, in the general case, the process of defense against weapons of mass destruction is limitedly controllable.

It should be noted that outside the controllable area (at D Dadd), carrying out excessive protection measures means an unjustified expenditure of manpower and resources and, in a certain sense, a decrease in the combat capability of the protected object.

In a generalized form, the protection control algorithm is reduced to the standard control scheme known from control theory. This scheme can be easily traced in all current guidelines and manuals on RCB protection.

First, according to reconnaissance data, the dose Dпр is predicted, which can be received by an object during the execution of a combat mission.

Secondly, according to the control data, the dose Dkn received by the object earlier is determined. And finally, thirdly, the governing body plans protection measures to ensure the protection factor Kz, which is determined by the following equation:

Dпр Кз =, (3) Dadd Dкн where Dadd is the permissible dose that does not lead to the loss of the object's combat capability.

It is important to note that the process of developing a decision on measures to protect an object can be repeated many times as the next combat missions are set or the current operational-tactical situation changes. The sequence of control cycles constitutes the dynamics of the object protection process.

In real military structures or even in separate control cycles, structural and functional schemes can be implemented in which there is no reconnaissance or control channel or both channels. These circuits are not typical and can be considered as special cases of the general functional circuit. Moreover, upon closer examination, it turns out that in such "degenerate" schemes the absence of information channels is only apparent. The fact is that in the process of making a decision, the missing information is always completed (intuitively predicted with varying degrees of reliability) by the person making the decision.

APPLICATION OF THE METHODOLOGY OF CONTROLLED SYSTEMS FOR PROTECTION AGAINST WMD Due to the influence of errors in information channels of reconnaissance and control, the protection factor of real protection measures will always differ from the required one according to (3) and will be determined by an expression that takes into account these errors:

Dпр (р) (1 + рз) Кз =, (4) Dadd Dкн (р) (1 + kn) where Dпр (р) is the real dose that will be received instead of Dпр;

Dкн (р) - real dose, which was received instead of Dкн;

pz - error of RCB reconnaissance;

kn - error of RCB control.

Taking into account the introduced designations, it is possible to write down an expression for the total radiation dose that will be received by the object after the combat mission is completed:

Dпр (р) Dobl = Dкн (р) +. (5) Кз Substituting (4) in (5), we obtain an expression for determining the state of the object, taking into account the errors in the information control loop. Let's rewrite the resulting equality in general form:

Dobl = Dadd (1 + control). (6) On the right side of the expression, a dynamic error of control of the protection control is introduced, which can be expressed in terms of errors pz and kn obtained in the contours of reconnaissance and control, respectively.

Consequently, it can be argued that the actual state of the control object at the time of the end of the next stage of the activity, which took place under the conditions of performing the specified protection measures, will differ from the required value by a quite definite value of the dynamic error. Note that since the errors of reconnaissance and control are, in the general case, random values, then the dynamic control error and, accordingly, the state of the control object are also random variables. To this, it should be added that at each point of the controlled area there will be losses due to control errors. Moreover, these losses are uncontrollable, and it is impossible to predict them in advance, if you do not take into account the dynamics of the protection process.

Depending on the sign of the dynamic error, two kinds of errors arise in the protection management process. An error of the first kind is an underestimation of the damaging effect of weapons of mass destruction, and an error of the second kind is an exaggeration of the danger when protective measures exceed the required level. It should be emphasized that the idea of mutual compensation of errors of the opposite sign, as is the case in the process of multiple measurements, is incorrect in relation to the process of multiple decision-making to protect an object from weapons of mass destruction. Control errors of different signs “work” in one direction, reducing the combat effectiveness of control objects either due to direct or due to conditional losses. In other words, the process of protecting military command facilities is characterized by the property of asymmetry with respect to information errors.

This difference dictates the need to substantiate the requirements for metrological characteristics within the framework of a functional control system, and not a measuring system, as is done in most cases at present.

S.V. KUKHOTKIN In real systems with a finite resource of protection, there is objectively a second hierarchical level of control, the task of which is the rational use of the reserve for the restoration of unavailable objects. At this level, an error of the first kind leads to a disruption in the fulfillment of a combat mission, since an inoperable object will be allowed to complete it. On the contrary, in the event of an error of the second kind - overestimation of the danger, a combat-ready object will be removed from the task. Thus, at all levels of the hierarchical control system, there is an asymmetry of the protection process with respect to information errors. Information errors of any sign lead to the loss of managed objects. On the higher levels control, the essence of conditional losses of objects from weapons of mass destruction is more clearly manifested, and these losses can be quantified if the distribution law of the dynamic control error is known.

Hence follows a methodologically important conclusion: since in a controlled system the amount of losses is proportional to the dynamic error, then with a sufficiently large value and with a sufficiently small impact of weapons of mass destruction, the loss of protected objects will exceed the loss of unprotected objects. This fact can be confirmed by an experiment conducted by American military chemists during Operation Desert Storm (1991), when “chemical” losses of personnel were recorded. At the same time, it is known that Iraq did not use chemical weapons.

Consequently, in each specific case, at a given level (scale) of the impact of the NMP and given characteristics of the control loop, there is an optimal hierarchical level, above which control of protection is impractical due to a large dynamic error.

The functional approach allows in a natural way to introduce a general or integral criterion for the effectiveness of the process of protecting military facilities, taking into account the dynamics of the process: the prevented losses in each control cycle must be no lower than a given value that ensures the preservation or restoration of the combat capability of control objects. Moreover, the replacement of the damaged object is considered as one of the measures to protect the higher hierarchical levels of control, which stipulates certain specific requirements for the elements of the information control loop of these levels.

Taking into account the probabilistic nature of the influencing factors, the probability of maintaining the combat capability of the control object can serve as a quantitative indicator of efficiency in one or another level of troops.

In this case, the integral criterion of the effectiveness of the protection process is given by the inequality P (D) Padd. (7) In the structural diagram of the protection control system, information and executive subsystems can be distinguished; accordingly, the integral efficiency indicator allows decomposition into two generalized partial indicators:

P (D) = P (Kmax) P (, control) (8) where P (Kmax) is the probability of maintaining combat effectiveness due to the implementation of the maximum protection resource (Kmax), provided that the task is completed by the information protection control loop;

P (, control) is the probability of maintaining combat effectiveness in the defense system when using information characterized by completeness.

In conclusion, we note that the most important generalization of the outlined meaningful model is the representation of the totality of means and methods of protection in different levels of troops by one dynamic variable - the protection resource, the structure of which within the framework of this article we cannot describe in more detail.

The last general comment concerns the methodological position on the universality of the management mechanism, which is the basis for the developed models. Despite the variety of real situations, as well as formulated operational and tactical tasks for the protection of troops and objects from weapons of mass destruction, all of them can be described within the framework of a single schematic diagram of the control system based on the fundamental principles of control known from control theory. It should be emphasized that these principles may not be realized in a more or less explicit form in the practical activities of various levels of troops when organizing protection, but the objective reality is that it is precisely the improvement of functional ties in the contour of command and control that corresponds to these fundamental principles, constitutes the internal content, the goal of improving the means and methods of protecting troops and objects from weapons of mass destruction at the present stage. The methods of the theory of automatic control make it possible to move, within the framework of models of controlled systems, to the study of the dynamic properties of the protection system associated with assessments of the stability and quality of command and control of troops under conditions of the use of weapons of mass destruction. Solving the problem of the minimum dynamic error will make it possible to clarify the optimal requirements for the structure and characteristics of the system links included in the closed protection control loop.

Prospects for the use of means of remote radiation reconnaissance R.N. SADOVNIKOV, Doctor of Technical Sciences Colonel A.Yu. BOYKO, candidate of technical sciences A.I. MANETS, Candidate of Technical Sciences HIGH efficiency of radiation protection of troops can be achieved provided that the military system for detecting a radiation, chemical and biological situation (VSSO) provides timely data acquisition, allowing to adequately assess possible losses of personnel conducting combat operations under conditions the use of nuclear weapons or the destruction of objects nuclear power... In this regard, the fundamental requirements, presenting R.N. SADOVNIKOV, A.YU. A. I. Boyko The MANNETS applied to this system are the efficiency and reliability of detecting the radiation situation.

The modern VSSO is built on a linear-hierarchical principle in accordance with the structural organization of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and consists of subsystems of the same type in structure, each of which functions in the interests of the command of a certain military echelon, usually at the tactical or operational-tactical level.

The structure of a typical modern subsystem of the VSSO includes an information collection and processing point (PSOI) and a set of automated mobile complexes for radiation, chemical and biological reconnaissance (AIC RHBR), the number of which is determined depending on the level of the corresponding military echelon (Fig. 1).

Rice. 1. Structural organization of the main technical means ALL PROSPECTS FOR USE OF REMOTE RADIATION SENIORATION MEANS The central, backbone element of each subsystem is the PSOI, in the capacity of which in the connections and associations are, respectively, the calculation and analytical groups (RAG) and the calculation and analytical stations (RAST ). At present, a typical RHBR agro-industrial complex can be considered a reconnaissance vehicle of the RHM-4 type, equipped with automated reconnaissance devices and means of controlling them, as well as equipment for transmitting data to a telecode communication channel organized with the PSOI.

Despite its good efficiency, modern air defense systems nevertheless do not allow achieving a sufficiently high probability of obtaining complete and reliable reconnaissance data with the required promptness in conditions of highly maneuverable, dynamic combat operations. This is due, first of all, to the low adaptive ability of the system to the losses of the agroindustrial complex of the RHBR. Thus, disabling even one RHBR agro-industrial complex entails the loss of information about the radiation levels in one of the regions controlled by the region system. If this information is of significant value, when, for example, an important object is located in this area, then it should be considered that the effectiveness of the WSS in the current situation is unacceptably low.

An increase in the likelihood of detecting the situation can be achieved by increasing the standard number of RHBR APC in each of the HSSO subsystems. Additional reconnaissance complexes can be a reserve of the system, used in the event of losses to maintain the effectiveness of detecting the situation at the required level. However, it is obvious that such a direction of development requires significant economic costs both during the period of modernization of the system and at the stage of its operation. Therefore, it is necessary to find the internal reserves of the system in order to ensure its high efficiency even in difficult operating conditions, and without increasing the staffing number of the RHBR agro-industrial complex and the resources required to identify the situation.

In this regard, the option of increasing the likelihood of detecting the situation by reducing the areas where radiation reconnaissance is carried out seems to be more acceptable, which in turn makes it possible to reduce the amount of funds of the agro-industrial complex of the RCBR. At present, in order to obtain a complete picture of the parameters of radioactive contamination of an area, reconnaissance must be carried out within the entire area of responsibility, even if the area of radioactive traces is insignificant. This approach is due to the impossibility of accurately predicting the wind field in which the nuclear explosion cloud moves in the space-time interval of the formation of a dangerous radioactive contamination of the area. But the situation can radically change if complexes of remote radiation reconnaissance are introduced into the existing VSSO, which make it possible to track the trajectories of cloud elements of nuclear explosions within the controlled territory. The processing of this kind of information makes it possible to accurately determine the areas of radioactive contamination and, accordingly, to optimize the use of local reconnaissance complexes.

From a formal point of view, it can even be argued that the use of the term "radiation reconnaissance" itself in the case of maintaining a system, where remote reconnaissance means are used to determine the position of radioactive traces, becomes to a certain extent illegal. After all, reconnaissance presupposes the identification of the unknown, the unexpected. For the modern VSVO, the unexpected R.N. SADOVNIKOV, A.YU. A. I. Boyko MANETZ (probabilistic) is the position of areas of radioactive contamination, which is determined in the course of reconnaissance, however, for the prospective system under consideration, such information will have a very specific character.

The general algorithm for the functioning of the VSSO with the introduction of remote reconnaissance means into its composition assumes the following measures: tracking radioactive clouds by remote reconnaissance complexes;

determination of the configuration of the area of radioactive contamination of the area;

calculation of coordinates of control points at which it is necessary to measure the parameters of infection;

determination of routes of exploration;

conducting radiation reconnaissance of the agro-industrial complex of the RKhBR.

Consider general principles interaction of means of remote and local reconnaissance to clarify the area of identifying the situation. The initial, dynamically changing source of perturbation, causing uncertainty in the position and configuration of the area of radioactive contamination, is the atmosphere.

Indeed, it is impossible to predict how the cloud diffusion will proceed at each moment of time, since the magnitude of the turbulence intensity can change in an unpredictable manner at different intervals of the considered spatio-temporal region of the radioactive trace formation. The averaged parameters of the wind flow, the most important of which are its magnitude and direction, can also change significantly during the cloud movement.

Tracking the position of the cloud and its size within the limits set by the minimum taken into account concentration of radioactive aerosol allows for continuous correction of the configuration and position of the area of radioactive contamination. However, in this case, we get all the disadvantages of the disturbance control system due to the fact that it is impossible to obtain complete information about all parameters (f1, f2, ..., fn) that affect the magnitude of the disturbance.

Therefore, it is advisable to add a control loop by mistake.

Determination of the magnitude of the error made in predicting the configuration and position of the next section of radioactive contamination on the trail of a nuclear explosion cloud should be carried out on the basis of instrumental radiation reconnaissance data. The result obtained in this way is used to refine the algorithm for determining the area of infection from the cloud sounding data. The outlined approach to the process of specifying the area of radiation prospecting can be displayed in the form of a functional diagram (Fig. 2).

In accordance with this approach, the task of the control body is to obtain the minimum possible amount of RHBR APC information J, which is the results of measurements of the dose rate of gamma radiation at points located with the required density within the area of radioactive contamination (GRPM). At the output of the control system, information J is obtained, which is the results of measurements of the dose rate of gamma radiation within the area of radiation reconnaissance (GRP). At the same time, the quality of the management system will be characterized by the completeness of the coincidence of the GRPM and GRP areas.

Thus, control in the VSSO should be aimed at dynamically clarifying the area of radiation reconnaissance by remote reconnaissance complexes on the basis of data obtained by local reconnaissance complexes.

The interaction of the complexes of local and remote reconnaissance in the process of detecting the radiation situation will be carried out. 2. A combined control system for the optimization of the radiation situation detection mode not directly, but through the PSOI used as an intermediate link (Fig. 3). When the system is built according to this principle, it becomes possible to use separate communication channels for transmitting intelligence data and for transmitting the results of cloud sounding.

This approach is due to the following reasons. First, it must be remembered that sounding data should have priority over radiation reconnaissance data. This is due to the fact that the sounding results serve as the basis for determining or refining the position and configuration of local reconnaissance areas.

Secondly, messages containing the results of measurements of the gamma-radiation dose rates will be transmitted with high intensity over the communication channel used by the local reconnaissance means. Under such conditions, message queues can form at the input of the receiving device, which, in turn, can lead to significant delays (as compared to the moment of transmission) in receiving the next results of the radioactive cloud sounding via the PSOI.

Obviously, the identification by remote reconnaissance methods of the position and configuration of areas exposed to radioactive contamination allows the use of the minimum possible in each specific case the number of ARC RHBR to determine the specific parameters of the fields of ionizing radiation. As a result, the efficiency of the HSSO is significantly increased. This increase can manifest itself in various ways, including through a variety of possibilities, which will be determined by the ratio of the number of local reconnaissance assets and the scale of radioactive contamination.

For example, if only a small part of the controlled area has been infected, and all the regular agro-industrial complex of the RCBR are in a combat-ready state, then there is the following set of possibilities:

first, to determine the parameters of infection in accordance with the standard technique, while saving fuel and motor resources;

secondly, to use all available reconnaissance means and reduce the total time to identify the situation, which will ultimately help reduce the radiation losses of subunits;

third - to use all available reconnaissance means during R.N. SADOVNIKOV, A.YU. A. I. Boyko MANETS Fig. 3. General scheme of information interaction of local and remote reconnaissance complexes in the process of detecting the radiation situation of the entire permissible time for detecting the situation in order to increase the density of measurement points to increase the reliability of detecting the situation, which will also reduce radiation losses.

As the proportion of the controlled territory that has been contaminated increases and the number of combat capable RHBR agro-industrial complex decreases, a limit may be reached at which an increase in the efficiency and reliability of detecting the situation in comparison with the minimum required values can be reached.

Summarizing the above reasoning, it can be argued that an increase in the efficiency of the air defense system when operating in unfavorable conditions presupposes the introduction of remote reconnaissance means into its composition. The use of such means makes it possible to achieve the required efficiency and reliability of detecting the radiation situation not due to the extensive development of the system, but by expanding its functionality and improving the algorithms of functioning.

An additional advantage, which will provide a reduction in the areas of radiation reconnaissance, is to reduce the level of requirements for the minimum permissible data transfer rate over automated communication channels, which, in turn, will have a positive effect on maintaining the required efficiency of the air defense system in conditions of radio communication disruption after the enemy uses nuclear weapons. weapons.

PROSPECTS FOR USING REMOTE RADIATION SECONDARY MEANS It is necessary, however, to note that the expediency of the stated direction of the development of the VSVO will be achieved only if the costs of introducing remote reconnaissance systems into its composition are compensated for by reducing the local reconnaissance complexes.

If the total cost of the existing system for detecting the radiation situation, including the local reconnaissance complexes, is determined by the formula:

Cc) = C ls mls), ((c (1) where SLS is the cost of one local reconnaissance complex, then the total cost of a promising system including mDS of remote and mLS of local reconnaissance complexes will have the value:

C = C DS m DS + C LS m LS, (2) where SDS, SLS are the cost of the remote and local complex, respectively.

Taking into account the adopted designations, the condition for the expediency of introducing remote reconnaissance complexes into the system for detecting the radiation situation takes the following form:

C DS m DS + C LS m LS C LS m (LS).

c (3) Having made the transformations, we obtain an expression for the ratio of the costs of the remote and local reconnaissance complexes:

m (c) m LS C DS / S LS LS. (4) m DS. maximum value and is determined by how much the required amount of RHBR APC can be reduced.

The minimum required number of reconnaissance vehicles (MLV) is determined, in turn, on the basis of existing views on the use of tactical nuclear weapons in the course of warfare.

In the event that a limited use of nuclear ammunition is assumed, and mainly in the form of air explosions, then the relevance of introducing remote reconnaissance systems to the Air Defense Forces becomes obvious not only from a tactical and technical point of view, but also from an economic point of view.

Undoubtedly, it seems justified to use remote reconnaissance complexes in the case of organizing radiation reconnaissance after the release of radioactive substances into the surface layer of the atmosphere as a result of an accident at a nuclear power facility. In such a situation, a decrease in the required number of local reconnaissance systems for use within the framework of a modern air defense system can be very significant.

Thus, the analysis shows that the improvement of the modern military system for detecting the radiation, chemical and biological situation presupposes the introduction of new reconnaissance systems into its composition, designed for remote determination of a number of parameters of damaging factors. Undoubtedly, the creation of highly effective complexes for remote control and chemical weapons reconnaissance requires R.N. SADOVNIKOV, A.YU. A. I. Boyko MANETS solutions to a number of complex scientific and technical problems, as a result of which they will be one of the most high-tech examples of modern military equipment. The introduction of these complexes, along with equipping troops with other promising weapons, will allow the Russian Armed Forces to successfully maintain parity with the armies of technologically developed countries of the world.

Integrated system for personnel protection against weapons of mass destruction Colonel E.V. Shatalov, Doctor of Technical Sciences Lieutenant Colonel O. N. ALIMOV, Candidate of Technical Sciences ANALYSIS of the main directions of improvement of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) in various countries of the world1 indicates that at present, the armies of the leading foreign states are intensively working to increase the effectiveness of the destructive action of traditional and develop promising types based on new principles and technologies.

Since weapons of mass destruction have never been used on a large scale, the complex of measures to protect personnel from its damaging factors in combat conditions has not really been tested. The formation, development and change of weapons of mass destruction occurs on the basis of ideas about the nature of possible wars and operations, the results of field tests, the experience of exercises and a predictive assessment of the scale and consequences of the use of weapons of mass destruction. Each successive stage in the development or change of means of destruction is always accompanied by a revision of the requirements for the system of means of protecting troops. This often requires certain changes in the field of established concepts and traditional principles of protection, taking into account new properties and the likelihood of using various types of weapons.

At present, the protection of personnel from the damaging factors of weapons of mass destruction is provided by a large range of means of individual and collective protection. So, for example, to protect the respiratory system from toxic substances (OM), radioactive dust (RP) and biological agents (BS), five samples were accepted for supply, to protect the eyes from the light radiation of a nuclear explosion (SIEV) - two samples, etc. e. A similar situation has developed with air purification equipment for collective protection objects (OKZ).

The presence of a large list of agents monofunctional in terms of protective properties does not allow ensuring the required level of their joint use. If it is necessary to provide comprehensive protection, the presence of a large number of items of equipment Revised catalog of unified initial data - 2001. Characteristics of chemical weapons of leading foreign countries for the period up to 2020. M .: GSh VS RF, 2001. P. 134.

THE SYSTEM OF MEANS OF PROTECTING PERSONAL STAFF AGAINST WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION leads to an increase in mass, and this ultimately reduces the efficiency of use.

The creation of an integrated system of means of individual and collective protection against weapons of mass destruction will make it possible to reduce the range of products (samples, assemblies, parts, materials, etc.), ensure their interchangeability and compatibility, reduce the labor intensity of maintenance and repair, and simplify the system of material and technical supply, reduce financial costs for the purchase of new samples.

The experience of carrying out work on the integration of weapons and military equipment, civilian products testifies to the complexity of solving these problems. This is explained by the quite obvious desire to achieve the required efficiency of the technical solution with a minimum of components. This can be confirmed by the desire to protect the human respiratory system from OM, RP, BS and aerosols of a different nature with the help of a single filtering-absorbing element. However, the technical implementation of this solution will lead to the creation of a sample that does not meet the requirements for weight and size characteristics, breathing resistance, etc.

In this regard, the main attention in carrying out such work should be paid to the issues of ensuring the interchangeability and compatibility of elements (products). It should be emphasized that the solution of these issues should be envisaged both during the development of regulatory and technical documents and at the stages of the product life cycle (development, operation, etc.).

An analysis of the combat functioning of individual and collective protection equipment to ensure the protection of the same servicemen (for example, a detachment of a motorized rifle platoon) indicates the need to create (maintain) several groups of unified equipment used at different stages of combat operations. It is advisable to base this division on the possibility (probability) of the impact on a person of certain damaging factors, as well as the intensity of the work performed.

The first group should include personal protective equipment (PPE) for personnel, since they are designed to protect a serviceman from almost all damaging and unfavorable factors for the human body. Consequently, the means of this group must possess universal protective properties when exposed to all types of nuclear, chemical and biological ammunition available to the enemy, and ensure the preservation of the functional state of the body of servicemen when performing physical loads of any intensity.

The second group includes protective equipment for crews (crews) of mobile ground military equipment. The personnel stationed in these facilities can only be affected by the OV, BS and RP located in the air. Taking into account the algorithm for performing combat missions, the likelihood (necessity) of leaving objects in the contaminated territory, etc., the personnel will be forced to use both (or) collective and personal protective equipment.

In this case, the intensity of activity will also vary widely - from mild to very severe.

The main element of the integrated system of personal protection of personnel against weapons of mass destruction (the first group) is the general military protective filtering kit (OZK-F). It should be emphasized that today, unlike OKZK (OKZK-M) suits, OZK-F is an element of a set for a combat individual E.V. Shatalov, O. N. ALIMOV is a military equipment (KBIE) and is used only with the threat and use of weapons of mass destruction.

In accordance with the concept of building a promising set of equipment, it includes the following systems: defeat, control, protection, life support and energy supply.

The basic set of individual combat equipment was developed at the end of the 90s of the last century and is intended to provide protection against ballistic, thermal and RCB damaging factors. It mainly includes elements developed by different ordering departments without a single target setting. In this regard, this KBIE has a number of significant disadvantages associated with a low combination of elements, excessive total weight, etc.

When developing promising unified means of individual protection against weapons of mass destruction, the requirements for the protection and life support systems of KBIE are taken into account.

Considering the CBIE protection system until 2015, it should be noted that the basis of ballistic protection and protection against weapons of mass destruction of a serviceman will be a complex of protective equipment, including a bulletproof vest, an armored helmet, etc. products with improved ergonomic characteristics.

In accordance with the "Comprehensive Target Program for the Development of Individual Combat Equipment for Servicemen of the Ground Forces and Airborne Forces" by 2015, the basis for the protection of servicemen from various adverse factors (defeat, bad weather, etc.) will be a combat suit with integrated elements of protection against weapons of mass destruction and life support.

Long-term experience of cooperation with organizations developing personal body armor indicates the need for the following directions for improving and unifying the complex of personal protective equipment (KSIZ) against weapons of mass destruction.

The filtering combined-arms protective suit, in our opinion, should continue to be considered as a basic means of protection against traditional weapons of mass destruction, as well as non-lethal weapons based on the principles of destruction inherent in weapons of mass destruction. At the same time, the most difficult area of unification of KSIZ from weapons of mass destruction and other systems of KBIE will be the development of personal protective equipment for the respiratory organs. The complexity of the technical solution to this problem will be associated with the need to combine body armor for the head and face of a serviceman, a system for supplying purified air to the respiratory system, information display means (displays) in the active zone of vision, means of transmitting and receiving sound information.

When performing combat missions by specialists of the NBC defense troops, as well as other specialists performing combat missions outside the zone of fire (ballistic) destruction of the enemy, the OZK-F will be used in accordance with the norms and rules of its operation. When a combat protective kit is used, the protection of human skin from chemical weapons will be ensured by integrating the OZK-F chemical protective layer into the protective suit. Respiratory protection will be provided with a regular filtering gas mask PMK, and in the future - a promising tool.

SYSTEM OF MEANS OF PROTECTING PERSONAL STAFF AGAINST WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION Means for regulating the microclimate of the undersuit space, developed at the present time, will be identical for both KBIE and KSIZ from weapons of mass destruction.

Taking into account the dynamism and transience of modern combat, the degree of saturation of military formations with military equipment, it can be argued that for a very long period of time, personnel will be inside mobile objects of military equipment. Eki pages will fight without leaving their facilities.

An analysis of the results of the development and operation of systems for protecting equipment from the damaging factors of weapons of mass destruction, in particular, means for cleaning air from OM, RP and BS, showed that they have a number of significant disadvantages. Among them, the main one should be noted - the existing filter and ventilation units are not unified in terms of components and layout systems.

In this regard, it seems appropriate to develop and equip the latter with air purification devices operating on the principle of short-cycle non-heating adsorption with regenerable absorbers within the framework of the unification of the SCZ system for military equipment.

It is proposed to develop an air purification system in the form of a general exchange-collector system with the inclusion of air conditioning means. In this case, the dynamic integration of ventilation means for the undersuit space of the KSIZ and the general exchange-collector system of the military equipment object itself should be envisaged.

In our opinion, the integrated system operation algorithm should look as follows. When placing crew members (crews, troops) inside, for example, an infantry fighting vehicle, with the help of special devices, the collector wiring of the SCZ of the object is connected to the air supply unit in the undersuit (mask) space. The booster for air supply of the ventilation system KSIZ is turned off, and its function is performed by the air purification system of the facility. The implementation of such a dynamic integration of individual and collective protection means will provide thermal control of the serviceman's body, increase the battery life of the ventilation system of the KSIZ undersuit space by turning it off during the serviceman's stay in the BMP.

The proposed structure and technical composition of the integrated system of means of individual and collective protection of military personnel from weapons of mass destruction will ensure the preservation of the required level of combat capability of personnel in the conditions of modern combined arms combat, as well as reduce the cost of production, operation and repair of system elements.

Prospects for the development of the infantry flamethrower system as an integral part of the individual combat equipment of military personnel Colonel E.V. Shatalov, Doctor of Technical Sciences Colonel E.V. EGOROV, PhD dispersed over a vast territory, in cooperation with the formations of other power ministries and departments. Experience shows that the effective performance of combat missions by such subunits is impossible without the use of modern control systems and fire destruction in the individual combat equipment of servicemen.

Infantry flamethrowers are one of the constituent elements of the fire engagement system included in the combat equipment of military personnel, which are among the means with high mobility, minimum opening time, reliability and simplicity of combat use.

Analysis of the combat actions of flamethrower units during the counterterrorist operation in the North Caucasus showed the need to intensify efforts to complete a number of R&D projects aimed at developing new infantry flamethrowers. As a result, in the period from 2000 to 2004, six new models were developed, passed state tests and were put into service, including: a small-sized jet flamethrower MPO-A (Z, D) in thermobaric, incendiary and smoke equipment;

light infantry flamethrower LPO-97;

jet infantry flamethrower (SPO);

rocket infantry flamethrower of increased range and power RPO-PDM-A.

However, along with the positive aspects of the development of the above-mentioned flamethrowers associated with an increase in the combat effectiveness of flamethrower units, it should be noted that the range of infantry flamethrowers has been unnecessarily expanded and needs to be clarified.

In addition, as a result of research in the tactical and special exercises of flamethrower subunits, carried out with the use of new samples1, a number of technical shortcomings were identified that require immediate elimination. The main ones are: incomplete implementation in the designs of flamethrowers of smoke and incendiary action of the energy potential and aerosol-forming ability used to equip fire mixtures and pyrotechnic compositions;

a low level of unification of samples in terms of components and raw materials, which determines their high cost, limits the possibilities of Egorov E.V., Osinkin S.V., Uryadov D.B. ... and others. Results of military-scientific support of battalion tactical-special flamethrower units with live fire. Volsk-18: 33 TsNII MO RF, 2004.

PERSPECTIVE DEVELOPMENTS OF THE SYSTEM OF INFANTRY FLAMMERS of serial production in sufficient quantity and, as a consequence, delivery to the troops.

The increased nomenclature of infantry flamethrowers significantly complicated the substantiation of the optimal composition of the ammunition load, the organization of training troops on the use of new models.

As a direction for solving this problem, the implementation of a systematic transition to a system of infantry flamethrowers of a new generation, based primarily on the implementation of the principles of unification and modernization of existing samples, is considered. At the same time, much attention is paid to the issues of ensuring the safety conditions for firing from grenade launchers and flamethrower-incendiary weapons, especially from rooms of limited volume. In accordance with the provisions of the "Guidelines for ergonomic support of the Ground Forces" 2, the main factor that has a harmful effect on the flamethrower when firing is the peak overpressure. According to the level of peak overpressure generated at the firing position at the moment of firing, the existing flamethrowers are subdivided into assault ones, which ensure the safety of firing from rooms of limited volume, and jet infantry, intended for firing only in open areas.

Based on the above, the division of flamethrowers into subgroups (sub systems) according to the level of harmful influencing factors is proposed to be considered as one of the main requirements for a promising melee flamethrower-incendiary weapon system.

The relevance of research aimed at improving the system of flamethrower-incendiary weapons is confirmed by the provisions of the "Concept for the development of combat equipment for military personnel of the main military specialties of the Ground and Airborne Forces for the period up to 2016" battle and jet infantry flamethrowers until 2020 "4.

To bring infantry flamethrowers in line with the requirements of the above documents, it is proposed to transfer all types of infantry flamethrowers to two main calibers (72.5 mm - for flamethrowers intended for firing in urban combat conditions;

90 mm - for flamethrowers with increased combat characteristics, used in open areas);