The meaning of the word Fairverker in the modern explanatory dictionary, BSE. Attribution of photographs of the lower ranks of the artillery parts RIA (1881-1917) FireVerker

Russian Imperial Army, as well as in some foreign armies of the armed forces of states.

History

In the Russian army appeared at the beginning of the XVIII century, initially only in the "funny" shelves and was equal to the Army artillery, China Capral.

Artillery fireworkers were thoroughly prepared and theoretically and especially to fulfill the duties of the immediate head of the gun and to replace the platoon commander; They quickly and accurately performed teams on the vendor and shooting, perfectly led and followed the execution of the obligations of the calculation in the instruments and charger boxes. Fireworkers were an indispensable assistants of officers and served as an example for all battery soldiers in the sense of practical knowledge of the service, the consciousness of debt and dedication.
- Bumbers E. Z.

In Russian artillery - the highest nonzer - officer chin, introduced by Peter I in the fun shelves at the very end of the XVII-early XVIII century, was assigned to the legislative "Charter of Military" on March 30 (April 10). The function of the rank included a command of an artillery platoon, that is, the calculation of two guns, he had in his subordination to vice-fairwickers. Title "Mr. Feyerveyaker". According to the Tsarskoye Decree on November 8, 1796, it was renamed the senior fairveyaker.

In the walk of artillery - tools fireworks Assigned a dark skin with the same brush.

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Notes

Literature

FireVerker // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: at 86 tons. (82 t. And 4 extra). - St. Petersburg. , 1890-1907.
FairverCer // Small Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: in 4 tons - St. Petersburg. , 1907-1909.
PSZ I. T. 5 No. 3006, T.25 No. 18430, 18934;
Orders in the military department for 1796, St. Petersburg. , 1797;
Ganichev P. P. Military titles. M., 1989;
Stas A. K. Russian Historical Mosaic: ranks, titles and titles Russian Empire. M., 1992.

Fireworks excerpt

The child is not an adult, he does not think that it is wrong or that this (for all our "familiar" concepts) should not be. Therefore, it was absolutely strange for me that it was another, absolutely nothing to look like a world. It was wonderful, and it was very beautiful. And it showed me a person who my childhood heart trusted with all its immediate clean and open simplicity.
At nature, I always loved. I was "tight" merge with any of its manifestation regardless of the place, time or someone's desires. From the very first days of my conscious existence of my favorite place of my everyday games was our huge old Sad.. Until now, I am literally up to the smallest details I remember the feeling of the unique children's delight that I experienced, running out the sunny summer in the yard! With my head, I dipped into that surprisingly familiar and at the same time such a mysterious and changing world of smells, sounds and completely unique sensations.

The world that, to our general regret, is growing and changing, respectively, how we grow and change. And later no longer the time or strength to just stop and listen to her soul.
We are constantly rushing in some kind of wild whirlpool days and events, chasing everyone behind your dream and trying, by all means, "to achieve something in this life" ... and gradually begin to forget (if I once remembered at all. ..) As a surprisingly beautiful blooming flower, how wonderfully smells the forest after the rain, as an incredibly deep sometimes there is silence ... and as it does not have enough simple rest of our exhausted daily racing soul.
Usually I woke up very early. The morning was my favorite day of the day (which, unfortunately, has completely changed when I became an adult person). I adored hearing how wakes up from the morning coolness, another sleepy earth; To see how the first drops of dew sparkle, still hanging on gentle flower petals and from the slightest breeze with diamond stars flowing down. How wakes up for a new day life ... It was really my world. I loved him and was absolutely sure that he would always be with me ...
At that time we lived in the old two-story house, completely surrounded by a huge old garden. My mom went to work every day, and dad basically remained at home or left for business trips, since at that time he worked as a journalist in a local newspaper, which I, unfortunately, I do not remember. Therefore, almost all of my daytime, I spent with my grandfather and grandmother, who were my father's parents (as I learned later - his receptional parents).

The second my most favorite hobby was reading, which remained my great love forever. I learned to read three years, which, as it turned out later, was very early for this occupation by age. When I was four, I was already "rushing" reading my favorite fairy tales (for which I paid for today with my own eyes). I adored to live with my heroes: I empathized and cried, when something went wrong, was indignant and offended when evil won. And when the fairy tales had a happy end - here everything was brightly shone "pink color" and my day became a real holiday.

Fairverc

(from him. Feuer - Fire and Werker - employee), .. 1) The title of non-commissioned officers in the artillery of Russian and some foreign armies; In Russian artillery (19th - beginning of the 20th century), the titles of senior and younger Fairverkers corresponded to the titles of senior and younger Officers officers in other types of troops; 2) The title of senior subofiters in missile troops and artillery of the Armed Forces of Poland.

BSE. Modern explanatory dictionary, BSE. 2003

Notes

The meaning of the word fireworks

fireverer in the Crosswordist Dictionary

Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. D.N. Ushakov

fairverc

feuerverker, m. (Feuerwerker) (military. Pretorvolts.). Unter-Officer of Artillery.

Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. S.I. IGOV, N.Yu.Shvedova.

fairverc

A, m. In the pre-revolutionary Russian and some other armies: the title of military personnel of the junior team in artillery; Face having this title.

A new intelligent-word-formational dictionary of the Russian language, T. F. Efremova.

fairverc

m. Study. The name of the masters for the manufacture of combustible and incendiary compositions for fireworks.

Encyclopedic Dictionary, 1998

fairverc

Fairverker (from him. Feuer - Fire and Werker - employee)

the title of non-commissioned officers in the artillery of Russian and some foreign armies; In Russian artillery (19th - beginning of the 20th century) the title of senior and younger fireworkers corresponded to the titles of the senior and younger non-commissioned officers in other types of troops;

the title of senior subofiters in missile troops and artillery of the Armed Forces of Poland.

Fairverc

(It. Feuerwerker, from Feuer √ Fire and Werker √ Worker), Unter-Officer's title in the artillery of the Russian Army.

Wikipedia

Examples of the use of the word Fairverker in the literature.

Lieutenant Anton Putko and Senior fairverc Peter Castrulin went to Mogilev.

Together with the guns, on the command of St. Petersburg, engineering officer Bugaevsky and fairverc 4th grade Novodvinsky garrison V.

Anna 3th degree with a bow, fairverc Vitrenty Druchlevsky is the sign of the distinction of the military order and the next class, the Unter-Officer officers Pavel Nikolaev - a sign of distinguishing of the military order and Harlam Ponomarev - at the same time 25 rubles silver from the State Treasury.

On the best place, over the wind, on Baklak, sat rail fairverc Maximov and smoked the tube.

Who does not remember the case under the siege of Gergebil, when the tube of stuffed bomb was caught in the laboratory, and fairverc Two soldiers ordered to take a bomb and run to throw her into the breakdown, and how the soldiers did not throw it in the near place near the tent of the Colonel, who stood over the cliff, and suffered further, so as not to wake up the Lords who won in the tent, and both were torn apart.

The recent instrument remained in the battery began to command fairverc Andrei Petrov, continuing to hit the Japanese infantry to the emphasis.

W. fairverker There was a wide, thick crumpled red, in the eyes of the hair, always focused on-spoileous, with a surretent, as if they were closed, eyes.

Face fairverker It became Osiny-white under sharply designated redhead hair, with wide open, surprised and huge eyes.

The batteries were sent to the Division Committee and fairverker Castrelina, and his, Anton.

Under the guidance of the worship of Nikonovich and fairverker Druyshlevsky began daily military teachings of ordinary disabled team and volunteers, many of whom did not have to keep arms in the hands of weapons.

When the duel ended, the actual supreme warlord of the Armed Forces of the island Father Alexander with all the people thanked fairverker Droullevsky for a successful shot, congratulated Pushkari with a victory and promised to submit them to a government award.

Instead of an officer, the capital sent in April to Solovki well who knows the serf fairverker Artillery Brigade Moses Rykov.

And we have one soldier, Nikolai Petrovich - said, approaching me, the black figure, which I only had to know for the voting fairverker Maksimova.

In the presence of a set of pomegranate people, it was removed from the roof and discharged with artillery fairverker M.

The most Maximov who was now fairverker, I told me that when, 10 years ago, he recruited came, and the old drinking soldiers drank with him that he had, Zhdanov, noticing his unhappy position, called for himself, strictly spoke him for his behavior, broke even , I read the instruction, as you need to live in the soldier, and let go, giving him a shirt, whom Maksimova really was, and a half-money.

3. Determination of titles and qualifications


Gunner Guards walking artillery	Gunner 3rd Grenadier Artillery Brigade	Gunner 52nd Artillery Brigade	Gunner 6th Turkestan Rifle Artillery Park	Gunner 6th equestrian battery	Gunner Moscow local artillery team

Compliance of the ranks of the system of the lower ranks of the infantry and artillery parts of RIA

Infantry parts	Artillery parts
The lower ranks of the rank
Private	Gunner
Efreitor	Bombardier
Nizhnaya ranks of the Unter-Officers
Junior Unter-Officer		Junior Fairverker
Senior Unter-Officer		Senior Fairver
Feldwebel		Feldfebel (equestrian and equestrian artillery - Wahmistra)
Subpenser		Subpenser
Ceaard-ensign		Ceaard-ensign

Placement of stripes on the titles, encryptions and special signs on the chains of the lower ranks of the army artillery (1911-1917)

(For example, the 25th artillery brigade)

Gunner

Bombardier

Junior Fairverker

Senior Fairver

Feldwebel

Subpenser

Coyage-proporter

Canonira did not have stripes on the pursuit, they were located encryption and special sign (from 1909)

Bombarders and equal to them by the title Non-Oil Bottoms had one transverse stripes on the pursuit of 1/4 windows wide, which was clouded to the loop of the punch buttons.

Junior and senior fireworks and equal to them by the rank of uncommon bottoms had on the pursuit of 2 and 3 transverse stripes 1/4 wide stripes with a distance between them 1/16 top, the top of which was turned close to the loop of the pugoot.

Feldfelms (Wahmistrams) and equal to them by the rank of unwashed lower ranks were relying 1 transverse stripe with a width of 5/8 tops, also called close to the loop of the shaft button.

Since 1906, purses have been installed, significantly different from the shoulder of other ranks (PVV No. 156 dated 03/09/1906): " ... patterns for the sample, installed for the Feldhead with a selection and embroidered by the officer sample by the number or monogram; At the subpenters performing the position of Feldebel - the transverse wide Gunny stripe on the color of the device ...»

The last position was duplicated in PVV No. 307 of 07.06.1907: " bystarters ..., remaining at the superior service in the trained positions ... Have straps on the sample installed for the Feldgerer, with a selection and embroidered by the officer sample by the number or monogram, according to the attached with seds, and the subpenters of the executing position of Feldwebel - transverse wide gown stripe on the chains Must be in the color of the metal device ...»

None in PVV No. 156, nor in PVV No. 307, the width and type of Galun did not clearly stipulated in contrast to the description of the pursuit of the submarine present in PVV No. 178 of 08.04.1908: " at the subpenters ... Shumes from Sukna, part of the assigned part, with a width of the Ober-Officer Galun (1/2 width of 1/2) on the color of the device, with an officer ciffine, where such is assigned; Shores should be fastened on uniform, overcoat and summer shirt."However, the width of Galun, assigned by subpenters according to PVV No. 156 and PVW No. 307, was easily calculated on the exemplary figure attached to the latter.

According to PVV No. 470 dated 10.28.1908. On counter-making to strengthen EPUPULAs of the prescriptors of the Guards Horse artillery, it was necessary to have an Ober-officer Galun, 1/2, sideways, sewn on a cloudy field from dashboard (with installed releases) width 7 / 8 tops

In PVV №446 for 1911, the pursuit of the submaroes was described as follows: " Shoulder straps ... the subpensers are the same width as other of the lower ranks, but with a seam, linked in the middle and along the pursuit of Galounum in the color of the device, three-quarters width, and with an overhead metal number or monogram in the color of the device ..."(In the article" Galun "" Military Encyclopedia ", edited by V. F. Novitsky, information is given as of 1912 on the use of stretching gantry gantry purses for shutdowns, but considering that this information is missing in other publications. , as well as the fact that this article does not have a description of the use of spinning galoon wide 3/4 top, it can be assumed that we are talking about a typo - prim.vutor.).

Another category of the lower ranks, although we had many Ober-Officers' Rights, in the period before 1903 were young people issued from Junkers schools after passing the officer's exam and passing the service in parts in the rankman's rank awaiting production to officers. The following features of uniform clothing and ammunition were distinguished from other lower ranks:

- Shoulder-shaped epaulets, tested in the three sides of the dashboard (except Lower), on which stripes from Galun or Bason could be maintained, if the future adjustor served in the UNECK school (Wakhmistra), a senior or younger Officer-Officer

- Unter-Officer Galun on the collar and abbreasses

- Chevron from the Galun 5/8 width of the apparatus of the apparatus, oriented the corner upwards, is proper above the glue on the left sleeve

- Putthey to a checker, belt belt, revolving holster, revolving cord (barbarticle on it, as on the officer revolving cord), Kushak (who was laid) and personal weapons - according to the sample installed for Feldfelves (Wahmistrov) part

- Temory to Shashka - officer

It should be noted that the adjustors in the artillery parts of the Junker were produced less often than in infantry and cavalry parts. Because The artillery Junkers schools, unlike infantry and cavalry, did not exist, and for the release to the field artillery it was necessary to fulfill certain conditions (paragraph "B" of Article 23 PVV No. 224 for 1886)

Artillery submariners as a category of persons who successfully passed the exam on officer chin and waiting for production were abolished in 1902 (PSZ RI, the third meeting, No. 21594 of 03.06.1902) - existing subproorners are excluded from the state of artillery parts, and sustained officer The examination of the lower bins of artillery was left in their titles and were sent to those parts in which they were intended for the production of officers

Caudar-ensigns in the period 1891-1907. The shoulder shoulder samples introduced by PVV No. 137 for 1891 (Galuned Ober-officer's chain with one asterisk, with the stripes superimposed on him above, from which the Nizhny Chin was produced in the cloak-ensign) and officers But without an EPUPULA (initially), Sultuka and Long Sharovar (since 1907) (Article 5 PVV No. 137 for 1891, PVV No. 811 for 1904 and PVV No. 323 for 1907). Since 1907, the pursuit of the sample of 1891 was rushed only in wartime, and in peaceful - cauldron-enforcement officers, studying in UNCERSK Schools (whether this rule was distributed to the custody-ensigns who studied in military schools after the reorganization of Junker schools, not known).

Since 1906, the cloak-ensigns that do not possess the necessary educational value (higher and secondary education, at least not complete - approximately), could occupy the posts of Feldfelves, and they could both remain in these posts after the demobilization of the army and enter They are from the reserve (PVV No. 634 of October 18, 1906). Before 1907, the samples of the sample of 1891 were held before 1907, other from 1907 received epaulets as at the subpenters, with an elevated asterisk and transverse Feldfelsk galloon (PVV No. 381 dated July 11, 1907). In addition, they had the following differences in shaped outdoor from that of super-workers of Feldfields: officer for a checker, an officer cocardium on a headdress, leaving on the balls and sleeves of a uniform, chevron, seal on the left sleeve of the uniform and overcoat the corner up, from the galoon, width 5 / 8 tops in the color of the dashboard, i.e. Golden, cashmere Kushak, assigned part of the color, holster with an officer sample cord (PVV №381 dated July 11, 1907).

Candidates for a cool position were assigned a gallon stripe on the handset 3/8 width of 3/8, the color of the opposite, in the form of an angle from the buttons to the ends of the pursuit (PSZ RI, the third meeting, No. 17746 of 11/16/1899), on which the transverse The stripes corresponding to the title from which the Nizhny Chin was produced in candidates for a cool position.

In 1907, the candidates for a cool position were assigned straps of a new sample: " ... according to the sample defined for the Feldhead with a selection and embroidered by the officer sample by the number or monogram (if such rely)"(PVV No. 453 dated 08/25/1907).

In addition, on the left sleeve of the uniform, over the overall, they wore a galuned chevron of color inverse instrumentation metal, i.e. Silver, 5/8 width of the top (until 1886, when the "statement of the form of uniforms and equipment for subpenters, Estandard-Junkers, Pokhoruhhoruzhiev and Candidates for a Cool position, indicating the differences of them from the lower ranks" (PSZ RI, the third meeting , № 3990 dated 04.11.1886) Candidates for a class office, on a par with the bombing-yunels, enjoyed the advantages assigned to this rank under Art. 723 kN.i Ch.Ii Code of Military Resolutions (1859 - Appraisters) by VI continue, incl. Chevron from the Golden Galun, an angle upstairs, cooked on the left sleeve of the Uniform and Silver Temory. "If a cold weapon is awarded in the form of uniforms" (the question of whether the cold weapon was assigned to candidates for a cool position in a given period of time Not quite clear - approx. Author) (PSZ RI, Meeting Second, No. 46826 of 08.03. 1869).

In PVV No. 178 dated 04/08/1908, the following description of the shoulder positions for Candidates Position: "From the cloth, the part of the assigned, with a width of the Ober-Officer Galun (1/2 width) on the color of the device, with an officer ciffine, where such is assigned; Shores should be fastened on uniform, overcoat and summer shirt."(Unlike the subsurists, the candidates for a cool position were relied on Chevron from Galun Colors, the opposite instrument, 5/8 width of 5/8, called by the edge up on the left sleeve of the uniform and overcoat over the width).

Ober-Fairverkers were graduates of the pyrotechnic school, pyrotechnic school, as well as the pyrotechnic branch of the technical school of the artillery department and served at the plants of the artillery department, artillery warehouses and in the fortresses, performing a number of pyrotechnic work. Call-class weapons masters were produced from the artillery weapon schools and served in the regimental armory shops of the infantry and cavalry parts, where they carried out the repair of firearms and cold weapons, prepared students and controlled the work of workshops. Non-class technical masters were produced from the technical school of the artillery department (in 1910, pyrotechnic and technical schools were transformed into the School of Artillery Statement of the same name, and from 1913 both schools merged into one - technical school of the artillery department - Avtor)

As of 1914, graduates of the pyrotechnic department of technical school of the artillery department received the title of Ober-Fairverker of the 2nd category with the rights of candidates for a class office (from 1900 (PVV No. 26 dated January 27, 1900) All issued from pyrotechnic and technical artillery Schools and not yet produced by this point in the cool rank Ober-Fairverkers and technical masters were renamed to candidates for a cool position, with the preservation of the titles assigned to them), and those who graduated from the 1st category were then made on vacancies in Cool Ober-Fairverkers in the rank of college The registrar who graduated from the 2nd category was made to a similar rank after all graduates who ended in the 1st category last year (before that were produced by senior fireworks in troops).

As for graduates of weapon schools at the Tula and Izhevsk factory, the rank of the 2nd category of the 2nd category of the 2nd category was received by the 1st category and, on the presentation of their construction bosses, were made on vacancies of the 1st category masters, and the deadline for the established period was produced in Cool ranks. Other graduates passed the actual subset services.

As of 1896, graduates of the technical school of the artillery department issued by the 1st category were presented to the production of technical masters or masters-drawers, on the 2nd category - sent to the service in the rank of senior subset.

Ober-Fireworks, weapons and technical masters of the 1st discharge on the pursuit were installed 2 stripes from Galun wide ½ top, and the first of them were laughed touching the end of the loop, like Feldfelves, and the second - on 1/16 appendix below (according to PVV PVV No. 262 for 1869 The procedure for placing the stripes was the other: "Unlike other non-construction workers ... A form of uniforms of field artillery fireworkers are assigned, with a galloon wide earture, from the bottom of it, for the 2nd category - in one row, and for 1- th discharge - in two rows ... "- approx. of the author), Ober-Fireer workers, weapons and technical craftsmen of the 2nd category - one galloon stripe (Circular headquarters No. 88 for 1900). Ober-Fairver
(Technical Master)
1st discharge of Sveaborg fortress artillery
(pursuit of arr. 1900)

Ober-Fairver
(Technical Master)
Kronstadsk fortress artillery
(pursuit of arr. 1908)

Since 1907 (PVV No. 453 dated August 25, 1907), the weapons of the 1st and 2nd discharge, as well as the candidates of all the departments of the military ministry were set epaulets "... according to the sample installed for the Feldgerer, with a selection and embroidered According to the officer sample number or monogram (if any, ")". Since 1908 (?) On the chains of Ober-Fairverkers, Armory and Technical Masters, auxiliary protective color was introduced (PVV No. 508 of 01.11.1908 (?).

Order of the General Staff № 292 dated 06/01/1904 The candidates for the class office of technical crafts were awarded the same with the Ober-Fairverkers of the same title, i.e., a checker on the shoulder-tonnee with an officerbyde. Life Guard 1st Artillery Brigade

- Scorers and fireworks of the urgent service of the Guards Parts - Woolen Tape (Bason) yellow color, in 2 threads, with red stripes;

- scorers and fireworks of the urgent service of the Grenadier parts and military educational institutions - White braid, with a red in the middle by a strip of 2 threads;

- scorers and fireworks of the urgent service of the army parts - white tape;

- Feldebeli Life Guard 1st Artillery Brigade - Bite Galun;

- Feldebeli of the other parts of the guard, equestrian artillery, the Cossack parts - the semi-flow galun;

- Feldebeli of the rest of the Army and Grenadier parts - Army Galloon;

- subpenters and cauldron-ensign - the spoil (officer) dashboard;

- The lower ranks of the permanent composition of the officer artillery school had epaulets, tinted with a yellow Banx, so-called from three sides. "Training tape."

In pursuance of PVV No. 446 for 1911. Employers of the over-commodentive 2nd discharge, i.e. Bombarders and fireworkers at the edges (except below) were trimmed by a batsu-colored braid width of the color in the color of the device, in PVV No. 688 for 1913 (addition to the intenntener statement) referring to PVV No. 446 mentioned "4470. Woolen braid yellow, wide. ¼ top ". According to PVV No. 218 of 04.05. 1912. On the hiking shirt, this sheath was replaced by a narrow dark orange braid.

It should be noted that according to PVV No. 446 for 1911. The transverse stripes on the titles on the hollows of the super-postcase of the lower ranks of the 2nd discharge were not made from the braid, but from the Galun of the same size and color. The type of weaving used for this Galun in PVV No. 446 was not marked, but in referring to it PVV No. 629 in 1912 (the intensified statement) is mentioned "2621. Galun Golden is a narrow (Page Burachchik) "and" 2622. Galun Silver is a narrow (Prazie Braschik). "