Evgeny Mikhailovich Sergeev: biography. Department under the leadership of e Sergeev Institute of Geoecology of the Russian Academy of Sciences
AND ENGINEERING GEOLOGY IN ITS WALLS
VT Trofimov, Professor of the Geological Faculty. From the article of the journal "Engineering Geology". 2014. No. 1
Evgeny Mikhailovich Sergeev first became a member of the Moscow corporation state university them. MV Lomonosov (Moscow State University) in 1935 as a 1st year student of the Faculty of Soil Geography. For more than 60 years, EM Sergeev remained a member of this corporation. Only in 1941-1943. he, as a participant in the Great Patriotic War, was outside the walls of the university.
Yevgeny Mikhailovich's positions in the university community over the years are as follows:
1935-1940 - student of the Faculty of Soil and Geography (since 1938 - Geology and Soil);
1940-1941 - Assistant of the Department of Soil Science;
1941 - Secretary of the Party Committee of Moscow State University;
1943-1944 - Postgraduate student of the Department of Soil Science;
Since 1944 - candidate of sciences;
1944-1945 - Associate Professor of the Department of Soil Science;
1945-1948 - Secretary of the party committee of Moscow State University;
1948-1953 - Associate Professor of the Department of Soil Science;
Since 1952 - Doctor of Science;
Since 1953 - Professor of the Department of Soil Science;
1954-1958 - Dean of the Geological Faculty of Moscow State University;
1954-1988 - Head of the Department of Soil Science and Engineering Geology (since 1986 - Engineering Geology and Protection of the Geological Environment);
1963-1964 - Dean of the Geological Faculty of Moscow State University;
1964-1969 - Vice-rector of Moscow State University for educational and scientific work of the natural faculties;
1969-1978 - First Vice-Rector of Moscow State University;
1989-1997 - Advisor to the Rector of Moscow State University.
From this purely formal list it follows that E.M. Sergeev was a person whose role in the development of the Department of Engineering Geology, the Faculty of Geology and Moscow University was very great.
Becoming the head of the Department of Soil Science and Engineering Geology, Yevgeny Mikhailovich managed to organize its team in such a way that he took leading positions in the engineering geology of the country. The department turned into a center around which geological engineers of the entire Soviet Union united.
EM Sergeev was at the head of the restructuring of the educational and scientific work of the department in 1954, when it was transformed into the department of soil science and engineering geology. He treated the selection of personnel with great attention and care. The department headed by him employed specialists in the field of engineering geology well-known throughout the country and abroad: I.V. Popov, S.S. Morozov, N.V. Ornatsky, G.S. Zolotarev, G.A. Golodkovskaya, V.V. T. Trofimov, V. I. Osipov, Yu.B. Osipov, R.S. Ziangirov, S.N. Maksimov.
EM Sergeev was twice elected to the post of Dean of the Geological Faculty of Moscow State University. In the memory of the faculty staff, he remained as a progressive dean, who did a lot for the development of the faculty, responsible and principled in solving vital issues, strict and decisive in implementation. decisions taken attentive to people.
Evgeny Mikhailovich played a significant role in the life of Moscow University. From 1964 to 1969 he was vice-rector for educational and scientific work of the natural faculties of Moscow State University, from 1969 to 1978 - the first vice-rector. He worked together with the rectors I.G. Petrovsky, R.V. Khokhlov, A.A. Logunov. During the years of E.M. Sergeev's activity in the rector's office, the Faculty of Soil Science separated from the Faculty of Biology and Soil Science and became independent. He put a lot of effort and energy into the organization in 1966 of the general university faculty of advanced training, in the establishment of training in the evening department.
As a representative of the country's largest university, Yevgeny Mikhailovich headed the Scientific and Methodological Council of the USSR Ministry of Higher Education for higher geological education. In 1965 he was elected a member administrative council International Association of Universities (UIA). As the first vice-rector of Moscow University, E.M. Sergeev was the deputy chairman of the Council of Rectors of Higher educational institutions the city of Moscow.
Despite numerous official and public duties, the department headed by him was still the main one for Yevgeny Mikhailovich. As her assistant in 1940, he began to conduct practical exercises in soil science. Later, since 1944, E.M. Sergeev began reading the main department course "Soil Science", which he taught until 1987. He also supervised students who performed coursework and thesis, did a great deal of work with graduate students and young teachers.
Evgeny Mikhailovich initiated the introduction of the Engineering Geology course into the curricula of all geological specialties at the Geological Faculty of Moscow State University. He created and taught this course for 5 years. Those who listened to the lectures of E.M. Sergeev, constantly recall the richness of their new data, the thoroughness of the selection of the demonstration material.
E.M.Sergeev was able to discuss with students and graduate students the materials of their works with such interest and so skillfully maintain scientific interest in them that each of them was imbued with respect for the work, doing it with enthusiasm. He devoted a lot of attention and energy to working with teachers. The department introduced a system of mutual attendance at classes and lectures and exchange of experience. The results of such visits were discussed at the meetings of the department.
The special concern of Evgeny Mikhailovich was the preparation of textbooks and teaching aids for the courses taught by the staff of the department. And in this matter, he was very demanding both to himself and to his colleagues. He himself, having started to read the course "Soil Science", in 1946 prepared the textbook "Selected Chapters of General Soil Science", in 1952 - the textbook "General Soil Science", in 1959 - "Soil Science".
So that the textbook "Soil Science" is not out of date, Evgeny Mikhailovich invited his students to work on it - G.A. Golodkovskaya, R.S. Ziangirova, V.I. Osipov, V.T. Trofimov. It was released in 1971, and then reprinted in a revised form in 1973 and 1983. Its last edition was awarded the USSR State Prize in 1988.
Evgeny Mikhailovich paid great attention to the organization and activities of expeditions, in which the staff of the department, graduate students and students worked. He himself went to field work mainly until 1964.But the teams with whom he worked as a scientific leader conducted a huge amount of field research in various regions of the USSR and received the same new material, which allowed the department to carry out original scientific geotechnical work and major generalizations. It was in these expeditions that students passed their practical training, many graduate students collected experimental material, young employees grew up in the scientific and methodological terms. It was expeditionary work at the turn of the 50-60s. XX century transformed scientific work department.
The main areas of research by E.M. Sergeev are associated with solving problems of soil science, regional engineering geology, protection of the geological environment, theory and methodology of engineering geology. And in each of them, Evgeny Mikhailovich made his own contribution, which contributed further development engineering geology.
E.M.Sergeev developed a genetic approach to the study of soils, first clearly proclaimed by the founder of the department M.M. Filatov. In addition, he developed such questions as general classification soils, the relationship between the mineral and granulometric composition of dispersed rocks, the concept of the optimal compaction load of clay deposits, correlations between the quantities characterizing some properties of soils, etc.
Evgeny Mikhailovich was able to attract a wide range of researchers to study the strength of soils. Together with his students, he studied the nature and engineering and geological features of clay and loess rocks, established the role of cohesive water in soils, studied physicochemical phenomena at the "mineral - water" interface, developed the doctrine of the dependence of physical, physicochemical and physical mechanical properties of rocks from their composition, structure and texture, studied the nature of the strength of dispersed soils, swelling, shrinkage and stickiness of clays, subsidence of loes.
The success in solving complex problems in the field of genetic soil science was greatly facilitated by the constant search by members of the department team and by Evgeny Mikhailovich himself for new ways of research and the use of the latest equipment. So, already in 1954, on the initiative of E.M. Sergeev, an electron microscopy laboratory was created at the Department of Soil Science and Engineering Geology. Soon it became one of the world's leading centers for the study of soil microstructure. The staff of the department developed original methods and computer programs for quantitative analysis electron microscopic data. The results of these studies were published in two monographs under the scientific editorship of EM Sergeev (Atlas of clayey rocks microstructures, 1984; Microstructure of clayey soils, 1989). With the direct participation and support of Evgeny Mikhailovich, the use of installations for X-ray structural and thermogravimetric analysis, for the study of magnetic properties and bonds in soils, began.
On the initiative and under the editorship of EM Sergeev in 1968, a two-volume "Methodological manual for the engineering-geological study of rocks" (revised and reprinted in 1984) was created, which covered everything, incl. and the latest laboratory and field techniques for studying rocks.
E.M.Sergeev also dealt with the issues of soil clogging, which stand, as it were, at the junction of soil science and technical soil reclamation. Two monographic works (1955, 1968) were devoted to this issue.
The second scientific direction, to which Evgeny Mikhailovich paid much attention, is regional engineering geology. On the initiative and under the direct scientific supervision of E.M. Sergeev, a study of the engineering-geological conditions of various regions of the Soviet Union was carried out. He managed to create at the department a large team of employees who successfully worked in this field. These studies allowed the team headed by Evgeny Mikhailovich to solve many theoretical and practical issues regional engineering geology. For solving these problems in relation to the territory of Western Siberia, the team received the State Prize of the USSR in 1977. The largest result of work in this direction was the compilation and publication of an eight-volume monograph "Engineering Geology of the USSR", which in 1982 was awarded the Lenin Prize.
In the 1980s. EM Sergeev with his student SB Ershova dealt with the issues of engineering-geological zoning of the Earth. They proposed a new original typification of the engineering-geological conditions of the planet, which was reflected in the international monograph "Engineering Geology of the Earth", published in 1989 in English.
The materials accumulated in various areas of engineering geology required comprehension and generalization. To achieve this goal, Evgeny Mikhailovich attracted a powerful team of geological engineers from the university and the country. The result of this work was four volumes of "Theoretical Foundations of Engineering Geology", published in 1985-1986.
EM Sergeev paid much attention to the discussion of issues of history, the current state and prospects for the development of engineering geology at Moscow University and throughout the Soviet Union, highlighting them in his reports and articles.
Evgeny Mikhailovich was very attentive to his teachers and their memory. Many of his articles are devoted to S.S. Morozov, I.V. Popov, V.R. Williams, V.V. Okhotin. He devoted a whole brochure (1956) to the life and work of his direct teacher and founder of the Department of Soil Science of Moscow State University M.M. Filatov.
EM Sergeev with his characteristic energy was looking for new ways of development of engineering geology, and he saw these ways in how to bring to life the thoughts of VI Vernadsky about the noosphere - the sphere of reason.
With his students and colleagues, Evgeny Mikhailovich introduced a new concept - "geological environment", formulated the tasks of geology in the field of protection of the geological environment, developed a method for compiling maps of its change under the influence different types construction. These questions were reflected in his speeches at the XXVII session of the International Geological Congress (1984), in articles and collections ("Geological activities and protection environment", 1979; "Engineering-geological problems of protection and rational use of the geological environment", 1988)
Editing of scientific works took an important place in Yevgeny Mikhailovich's scientific activity. He was the chief or scientific editor major works in the field of engineering geology, such as "Engineering Geology of the USSR" in 8 volumes, " Theoretical basis engineering geology "in 4 volumes. Among the works edited by E.M. Sergeev are monographs and collections of many authors in various areas of engineering geology. Evgeny Mikhailovich also actively worked in the Moscow University Bulletin magazine as deputy editor-in-chief, chairman or member of the editorial board.
E.M.Sergeev was well aware of the new in pedagogy and science, skillfully supported the enthusiasm of his students and colleagues in the department, he easily became infected with new ideas, helping to bring them to life. Possessing such qualities, he became the founder of his own scientific school and the leader under which the school of geological engineers at Moscow State University reached the world level. With his scientific, pedagogical and scientific-organizational activities, Evgeny Mikhailovich not only contributed to the formation of this school, but also used his high scientific and social status to strengthen domestic engineering geology and its international authority. Among his students - 78 candidates and 12 doctors of geological and mineralogical sciences. Among them are Academician of the RAS V. I. Osipov, Academician of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences and International Academy of Natural Sciences V. T. Trofimov, Corresponding Members of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences S. D. Voronkevich, Y.B. Osipov and V. A. Korolev, Professors of Moscow University G. A. Golodkovskaya, R.S. Ziangirov, E.N. Kolomensky, V.N. Sokolov, laureates of the USSR State Prize, Candidates of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences A.S. Gerasimova and S.B. Ershova, Professor Voronezh University A.N. Vakhtanov and others.
In his extensive scientific and organizational work, E.M. Sergeev also relied on the forces of the department and Moscow State University. It was the employees of the Department of Soil Science and Engineering Geology that largely ensured the successful activities of the Scientific Council of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR on Engineering Geology, the creation of an 8-volume monograph "Engineering Geology of the USSR", a 4-volume monograph "Theoretical Foundations of Engineering Geology", etc.
EM Sergeev's activities have received a worthy public and state recognition. He was awarded many state and international awards and the highest scientific prizes, incl. together with the staff of the department headed by him. The USSR Academy of Sciences elected Yevgeny Mikhailovich to its ranks: in 1964 he became a corresponding member, and in 1979 - a full member of the USSR Academy of Sciences.
Evgeny Mikhailovich Sergeev played an outstanding role in the development of engineering geology, in organizing a community of geological engineers not only at Moscow University, but also in the USSR and around the world. It is largely thanks to his energy that the geological engineers of Moscow State University, together with representatives of other organizations, have created a number of unique educational, scientific and cartographic works. We need to continue these traditions and not lose momentum.
(03/23/1914, Moscow) - a famous scientist in the field of soil science, engineering geology, hydrogeology and protection of the geological environment, academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1979, Corresponding Member since 1966), laureate of Lenin (1982) and State (1977, 1988) USSR prizes, professor of Moscow University (1953), doctor of geological and mineralogical sciences (1952), honorary doctor of Bratislava (1972) and Warsaw (1974) universities, head. Department of Soil Science and Engineering Geology (1954, since 1986 - Department of Engineering Geology and Protection of the Geological Environment), Rector of the Academy National economy under the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1981-1986), dean of the geological faculty of Moscow State University (1954-1957, 1963-1964), vice-rector for scientific and educational work of natural faculties (1964-1969) and first vice-rector of Moscow University (1969-1978), founder and Chairman of the Scientific Council of the USSR Academy of Sciences for Engineering Geology and Soil Science at the Department of Geosciences (1966, transformed in 1980 into the Scientific Council for Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology), Chairman of the Engineering Geology Section of the National Committee of Geologists, member of the Bureau of the Council of Biosphere, Chairman of the Scientific and Methodological Council for Higher Geological Education of the USSR Ministry of Higher Education, President (1978-1982), Vice-President (1972-1978), President (1982) of the International Association of Engineering Geology, member of the Plenum of the Higher Attestation Commission at the Council of Ministers of the USSR, member of the Expert Council of the Higher Attestation Commission, member and chairman of the geological section Higher Attestation Commission at the USSR Ministry of Higher Education, member of the Administrative Council of the International Association of Universities (1965-1970), Executive Secretary of the Organizing Committee of the IV General Conference conference of the International Association of Universities (1970-1975), chairman and deputy. Chairman of the Geological and Geophysical Section of the Committee for Lenin and State Prizes of the USSR, Chairman of the Section of Geology and Mining of the Commission for Awarding Prizes of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1981-1985). member of the Bureau of the Department of Geology, Geophysics and Geochemistry of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Chairman of the Society for Cultural Relations "USSR-Iran" (1973) Deputy of the Moscow City Council of Workers' Deputies (1982-1984), member of the Plenum and Bureau of Krasnopresnensky (1944-1949) and Leninsky (1965- 1981) RK KPSS, member of the Gagarin RK KPSS (1982-1985) in Moscow, executive secretary of the editorial board of the journal "Vestn. Moscow University. Ser. Geology", Chief Editor and a member of the editorial board of the journal "Engineering Geology" of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1978-1987). He was awarded two Orders of Lenin (1967, 1984), an order October revolution(1974), three Orders of the Red Banner of Labor (1961, 1971, 1980), two Orders of the Patriotic War I degree 1943, 1985), the Order of the Red Star (1941). Born into a family of employees.
In 1932 he graduated from the Moscow Topographic College, then for three years he worked as a topographer at Far East; in 1935 he entered the Faculty of Geology and Soil Science of Moscow University and in 1940 graduated with honors from the Department of Soil Science; his teachers at the university were professors MM Filatov, IV Popov, SS Morozov, NV Ornatsky and others; after graduating from the university he was left at the department as an assistant.
During the Great Patriotic War, he was in the ranks of the Soviet Army, took part in battles with the Nazi invaders (1941-1943) and returned to the university in the fall of 1943 after being seriously wounded, in 1944 he defended his Ph.D. thesis on the topic "Heat of soil wetting" , and in 1952 - a doctoral dissertation on the topic "Genesis and composition of soils as the basis for the classification and study of their properties." The main scientific areas are soil science, regional engineering geology, protection of the geological environment, theory and methodology of engineering geology.
In the field of soil science, the nature and engineering-geological features of clay, loess and sandy rocks have been studied, the role of bound water in soils has been established, and physicochemical phenomena at the mineral-water interface have been studied; a genetic approach to the study of rocks and soils has been developed, the doctrine of the dependence of the physical, physicochemical and physicomechanical properties of rocks on their composition, structure and texture, which are formed in the process of lithogenesis, has been developed, the nature of the strength of dispersed soils, swelling, shrinkage and stickiness of clays, subsidence of loess, introduced the concept of "optimal compaction load of clay soils", studied the process of mudding sandy soils, which served as the basis for the development of one of the methods of artificially reducing their permeability.
In the field of regional engineering geology, under the leadership of E.M. Sergeev, studies were carried out along the route of the Main Turkmen Canal (1951-1953), along the river valleys of the Ob, Irtysh, Yenisei, Amur (1954-1961), in Eastern Siberia (1960-1963), "" Western Siberia (1961-1975), Non-Chernozem zone of the European part of the RSFSR (1976-1981). In the process of regional studies, a method was developed for small-scale engineering-geological mapping of vast territories; a certain stage of work in this direction was the publication under his editorship of the 8-volume monograph "Engineering Geology of the USSR", which received the Lenin Prize of the USSR (1982). The monograph examines the basics of small-scale engineering-geological zoning, applies a unified approach to assessing the regional engineering-geological conditions of the USSR territory, gives a comprehensive description of the entire territory, makes the first attempt to take into account human economic activity when assessing the engineering-geological conditions of large territories.
In the field of theory, history and methodology of engineering geology, he develops the position that engineering geology should be the science of the "noosphere", studying earth crust as an environment for human life and activities; develops the doctrine of the geological environment, its rational use and protection.
At Moscow University, he teaches the course "Soil Science" (since 1946). He also created a scientific school of geological engineers; among his students - V. I. Osipov, S. D. Voronkevich, RS Ziangirov, V. T. Trofimov, Yu. B. Osipov and others. Sergeev, Evgeny Mikhailovich Rod. 1914, d. 1997. Geologist, specialist in engineering geology, soil science and hydrogeology.
Laureate of the USSR State Prize (1977) and the Lenin Prize (1982). Since 1979 he has been a full member of the USSR Academy of Sciences, since 1991 - RAS. Sergeev, Evgeny Mikhailovich Full member of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1979), advisor to the administration of the Moscow State University; born on March 23, 1914; graduated from the Geological Faculty of Moscow State University in 1940; main areas of scientific activity: soil science, engineering geodynamics, regional engineering geology; laureate of the Lenin Prize (1982) and State Prizes of the USSR (1977, 1988).
Institutes, observatories
Institute of Geoecology named after EAT. Sergeev RAS
A. D. Zhigalin,
Candidate of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences Institute of Geoecology RAS
The Institute of Geoecology has existed at the Russian Academy of Sciences for over 10 years. During this short period of time, the establishment of the Institute took place. Today it can rightfully be called an academic outpost of geoecology in our country.
HUMAN AND NATURE
In the 21st century, the traditional contradictions in the sphere of industrial relations are replaced by fundamentally new ones - contradictions in the relationship between man and nature. One of the signs of this turning point is the increase in the number of natural, man-made and environmental disasters, which, if not resisted, threaten to turn into a monstrous mechanism of self-destruction of man and everything created by his mind, art and labor on Earth. The swift and inevitable transformation of the biosphere into the noosphere, led by and,
as reality shows, only partially controlled by man, has highlighted the most serious problem of preserving the Earth as our common house... Will the Earth be able to withstand the onslaught of a well-equipped (I don’t want to say “armed”) technocratic civilization or will one day suddenly decide to get rid of it, leaving fauna and flora instead of a restless tribe of people? Will humanity, in turn, be able to, realizing that it has become essential, according to V.I. Vernadsky, a geological force, and having called for the help of the creative power of reason, knowledge and accumulated experience, correctly assess the current alarming situation and find the right way out of it?
Geoecology studies the shell of the Earth (geosphere) and the changes occurring in them under the influence of natural and man-made factors, predetermining
special attention is paid to the environment during the industrial and construction development of new territories, during the intensification of already used lands, during the extraction and processing of minerals. The goal of geoecological science is to minimize the changes that are detrimental to wildlife, the most restless and, perhaps, the most aggressive part of which is man, that accompany the progressive movement of technocratic civilization.
BASED ON ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
The idea of forming an academic institution that could deal with the problems of engineering geology, hydrogeology and geoecology belonged to one of the founders of the Russian school of engineering geology, academician E.M. Sergeev. This idea at one time found support in the Academy of Sciences of the USSR and the Moscow State
© Zhigalin A.D.
Academician E.M. Sergeev (19141998), a leading specialist in the field of engineering geology and hydrogeology, organizer of the Institute of Geoecology of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Since 2006 The Institute bears his name.
family council of people's deputies. As a result, in 1990, the Engineering-Geological and Geoecological Scientific Center was founded, later transformed into the Institute of Geoecology (IGE) of the Russian Academy of Sciences, which was named after Academician E.M. Sergeeva.
The Institute of Geoecology was established by the decree of the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences dated May 21, 1996. It combines the scientific potential of the Engineering-Geological and Ecological Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Scientific-Engineering and Coordination Seismological Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, as well as the Integrated Laboratory of Hydrogeology and Environmental Technologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the State Committee for Higher Education of the Russian Federation. Over the years that have passed since the day of its foundation, a multidisciplinary research team has formed at the Institute, which is currently conducting research in 16 laboratories. The Institute employs 120 people, including 85 researchers. Among the employees there are -1 Academician, 2 Corresponding Members of the RAS, 12 Doctors and 46 Candidates of Sciences, 3 Honored Scientists of the Russian Federation, employees awarded with Diplomas of the Presidium of the RAS. Institute of Geoecology
gii is the basic organization of the Scientific Council of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the problems of geoecology, engineering geology and hydrogeology. The Institute is one of the founders of the journal "Geoecology. Engineering Geology. Hydrogeology. Geocryology" published by the Academy of Sciences. As a tribute to the memory of academician E.M. Sergeev, the person who gave a start in the life of the Institute, the conference "Sergeev Readings" is held annually. The interest in these conferences is very great, they have already become international: scientists from France, the Netherlands, Vietnam, Bulgaria and other countries took part in their work.
near and far abroad.
GEOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT OF LARGE CITIES
When creating the Engineering-Geological and Geoecological Scientific Center - the forerunner of today's Institute of Geoecology - one of the main directions of research was the study of the geological environment of cities.
Scientists have established that the geological foundation of Moscow has a complex structure, changing in vertical and horizontal directions. So, the depth of occurrence of crystalline rocks is
Director of the RAS Institute of Geoecology, Academician V.I. Osipov opens the annual Sergeev Readings. On the right is Ed de Mulder (Netherlands), on the left is M. Arnoux (France) and the Russian ecologist B.M. Zubarev.
located at the base of the geological substrate of the city, in the northern part it is almost one and a half kilometers less than in the southern one. The boundary between them runs along a deep fault. The complexity of the geological foundation of Moscow, like many other cities, creates great difficulties in expanding the city's boundaries, building residential areas and industrial enterprises, laying transport highways and developing underground space. Therefore, the Institute was assigned the role of scientific curator of almost all especially
important objects within Moscow. In the recent past, these were the Third Transport Ring, the Lefortovo Tunnel and the monorail road. Now the Institute provides scientific support for the construction of high-rise buildings in the capital.
Long-term studies of the geological structure of the territory of Moscow, the formed geoecological situation have resulted in the creation of a remarkable scientific work. The fruit of cooperation of the Institute staff with many scientific, design and production
by local organizations - the book "Moscow. Geology and the City", which was published in 1997. This monograph sets out modern ideas about geological structure the city, its underground waters and geological processes, technogenic geophysical fields. For the first time, on the basis of a large amount of factual material, the problem of the city's impact on the geological environment is considered, the geological and geochemical risk of the city territory is assessed, the possibilities of managing geological processes and
Scheme of the geological foundation of the territory of Moscow, drawn up at the Institute of Geoecology of the Russian Academy of Sciences. At a depth of 1.5 km to 2.5 km in the southwestern part of the city, crystalline basement rocks are located, above which there is a sedimentary cover. Along the banks of the river. Landslide areas were discovered in Moscow. One of them is located on Vorobyovy Gory, not far from the building of the Moscow State University. M.V. Lomonosov. Taking into account the danger of manifestation of karst and the movement of landslides, IGE specialists are developing special measures to ensure safe construction in a megalopolis.
The Institute of Geoecology took an active part in the creation of a unique engineering structure - the Lefortovo tunnel on the route of the Third Transport Ring in Moscow. The tunnel, the depth of which in some sections reaches 50 m, was built in difficult engineering and geological conditions. Basically, its route passed through Carboniferous limestones, crossing younger (Jurassic, Cretaceous and Quaternary) rocks at the entrance and exit.
keeping the city safe. Thanks to the information collected in it, this book can be considered as a geoecological encyclopedia of Moscow, the largest metropolis of our country, and at the same time a reference and even a textbook on the geology and geoecology of many cities, both large and medium and small in terms of the number of inhabitants and the level of industrial production. In 2002, the monograph "Moscow. Geology and the City" and its team of authors were awarded the Moscow City Administration Prize in the field of environmental protection.
GEOECOLOGICAL DIRECTION
Many studies carried out by the staff of the Institute for a number of years are aimed at mitigating environmental tensions in human relations with the environment. The Map of the integrated risk of an emergency of moderate severity on the territory of Russia, caused by hydrometeorological and geological hazards, created at the Institute, can be considered as an important contribution to reducing economic damage and the number of victims in natural disasters, natural and man-made disasters. Information presented in the form of a cartographic model helps to make right choice when placing construction and industrial
developed objects, to plan the state strategy for the development of new territories and intensification of the use of already developed ones.
A notable milestone in the study of natural and man-made hazards and a significant contribution of the Institute's staff to geoecological science was the systemic generalization of the mechanisms of occurrence of a wide range of hazardous natural processes... They are often the sources of emergencies and social upheavals. The Institute has established the patterns and main trends in the growth of the number of natural and man-made disasters, considered methods of studying, forecasting and assessing the consequences of the development of natural hazards. The Institute took an active part in the preparation and publication of the 6-volume monograph "Natural Hazards of Russia", published in 2001-2003. under the general editorship of Academician V.I. Osipov and the Minister of the Russian Federation S.K. Shoigu in the publishing house "KRUK" (Earth and Universe, 2007, No. 1). This multifaceted publication, on which, in addition to the staff of the Institute of Geoecology, many research teams and leading specialists of the country worked, summarized and analyzed modern knowledge about the development of dangerous natural processes and related disasters in Russia. The issues of assessing the risk of natural, primarily
March 23, 1914 - March 23, 1997
Russian, Soviet engineer-geologist and soil scientist, the largest scientist in the field of engineering geology, a talented teacher and organizer of geological science, professor of the department
Biography
Born into the family of an employee. After graduating from the Moscow Topographic College (1932), he worked for three years as a topographer in the Far East. In 1935, having returned to Moscow, he entered the Moscow University with which his whole future life was connected. At Moscow State University, he rose from a student at the Department of Soil Science (1935-1940), an assistant in the same department (1941, 1943-1944), an associate professor (1944-1952) to a professor (since 1953) and head of the Department of Soil Science and Engineering Geology (1954 -1989). At the same time, he was elected dean of the geological faculty of Moscow State University (1954-1957, 1963-1964), was vice-rector of Moscow State University for scientific and educational work of natural faculties, the first vice-rector of Moscow State University (1969-1978). He was one of the initiators of the construction of a new building for Moscow State University on the Lenin Hills. In 1981-1986. was the rector of the Academy of National Economy under the Council of Ministers of the USSR.
From the first days of the Great patriotic war E. M. Sergeev went to the front, in July-August 1941 he was a platoon commander of the reserve command personnel in the south-western direction. From September 1941 to July 1942 he served in reconnaissance of the 199th division of the 38th Army and fought on the Southwestern, Southeastern, and 4th Ukrainian fronts. From July to the end of December 1942 he took part in the Battle of Stalingrad, served in the intelligence department of the headquarters of a number of fronts. In June 1943 he was seriously wounded, lost a leg, was demobilized from the front with the rank of major.
Scientific activity
In 1943, after returning to the Department of Soil Science of the Faculty of Geology and Soil Science of Moscow State University, EM Sergeev became actively involved in scientific, pedagogical and scientific-organizational activities and showed himself, first of all, as a talented soil scientist. In 1944, he defended his Ph.D. thesis on the topic "Heat of wetting of soils", in which he, based on the parameters of heat of wetting, identified and studied the adsorption centers of the mineral surface of various soils and the energy characteristics of bound water in them. In 1946 he published "Selected Chapters of General Soil Science" - the prototype of the future textbook "Soil Science", which later became widely known. In addition, in the 1940s - early 1950s. he developed and introduced new methods and approaches to the study of rocks as soils; the correlation dependences between some properties of soils were studied (1947); genetic (1948), general (1950, 1957) and particular (1951, 1953) classifications of soils have been created; the concept of “optimal seal load” was introduced (1949); the nature of the strength of dispersed soils (1949, 1951), swelling, shrinkage and stickiness of clays, subsidence of loesses has been studied.
In 1952, EM Sergeev defended his doctoral dissertation on the topic "Genesis and composition of soils as the basis for the classification and study of their properties."
Under his leadership, the geotechnical features of many genetic types of sandy, loess, clay, carbonate, and other soils were studied. He significantly developed the doctrine of bound water in soils, its energy forms.
His scientific developments are widely used in predicting the behavior of soils as the foundations of various structures. Under his leadership and with his direct participation, engineering and geological studies were carried out along the route of the Main Turkmen Canal (1951-1953), along the valleys of the Ob, Irtysh, Yenisei, Amur (1954-1961) in order to create schemes for the use of hydropower resources of these rivers, engineering -geological study of Eastern Siberia (1960-1963), Western Siberia (1961-1975) and the Non-Black Earth Zone of the RSFSR (1976-1981) in connection with the discovery of the largest oil and gas fields and the economic development of these territories. The cycle of works on engineering geology of Western Siberia, carried out under the leadership of E.M.Sergeev, was awarded the State Prize of the USSR (1977).
Under his leadership, a methodology for engineering-geological mapping and mapping of large territories was created. A brilliant completion of the work carried out was the 8-volume monograph "Engineering Geology of the USSR", awarded the Lenin Prize (1982), in the creation of which, under the leadership of EM Sergeev, many prominent geological engineers of the country took part. Since the turn of the 1970-1980s. EM Sergeev worked on the issues of environmental geology, rational use and protection of the geological environment. He laid the foundations for the doctrine of the geological environment, its rational use and protection; defined engineering geology as the science of the geological environment. These works largely predetermined the modern development of geoecology and ecological geology.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Institute of Geoecology them. E. M. Sergeeva Russian Academy of Sciences (IGE RAS) |
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| International name |
Sergeev Institute of Environmental Geoscience RAS (IEG RAS) |
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| Founded | |
| Director | |
| Location |
Russia, Russia, Moscow |
| Legal address |
Scientific directionsThe main areas of scientific activity of the IGE RAS are:
StructureThe institute includes:
Notable employees
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An excerpt characterizing the Sergeev Institute of Geoecology of the Russian Academy of Sciences
The troubles and horror of the last days of the Rostovs' stay in Moscow drowned out in Sonya the gloomy thoughts that weighed down on her. She was glad to find salvation from them in practical activity. But when she learned about the presence of Prince Andrew in their house, despite all the sincere pity that she felt for him and for Natasha, the joyful and superstitious feeling that God did not want her to be separated from Nicolas seized her. She knew that Natasha loved one Prince Andrey and did not stop loving him. She knew that now, brought together in such terrible conditions, they would love each other again and that then Nicholas, due to the relationship that would be between them, would not be able to marry Princess Marya. Despite all the horror of everything that happened in the last days and during the first days of the trip, this feeling, this consciousness of the intervention of Providence in her personal affairs, pleased Sonya.The Rostovs made their first day in the Trinity Lavra on their journey.
In the hotel of the Lavra, the Rostovs were assigned three large rooms, one of which was occupied by Prince Andrey. The wounded man was much better that day. Natasha was sitting with him. V next room the count and the countess were sitting, respectfully talking with the abbot, who had visited his old acquaintances and investors. Sonya was sitting right there, and she was tormented by curiosity about what Prince Andrei and Natasha were talking about. She listened to the sound of their voices from behind the door. The door of Prince Andrey's room opened. Natasha with a worried face went out and, not noticing the monk who had risen up to meet her and took hold of the wide sleeve of her right hand, went up to Sonya and took her hand.
- Natasha, what are you? Come here, ”said the Countess.
Natasha approached under the blessing, and the abbot advised to seek help from God and his saint.
Immediately after the abbot left, Nashata took her friend by the hand and went with her into the empty room.
- Sonya, huh? will he be alive? - she said. - Sonia, how happy I am and how unhappy I am! Sonya, darling, everything is the same as before. If only he was alive. He cannot ... because, because ... because ... - And Natasha burst into tears.
- So! I knew it! Thank God, - said Sonya. - He will be alive!
Sonya was as agitated as her friend - both by her fear and grief, and by her personal thoughts that were not expressed to anyone. She, sobbing, kissed, consoled Natasha. "If only he was alive!" She thought. After crying, talking and wiping away their tears, both friends went to the door of Prince Andrew. Natasha, carefully opening the doors, looked into the room. Sonya stood next to her at the half-open door.
Prince Andrew was lying high on three pillows. His pale face was calm, his eyes were closed, and one could see how he was breathing evenly.
- Ah, Natasha! - Sonia almost screamed suddenly, grabbing the arm of her cousin and stepping back from the door.
- What? what? Natasha asked.
“This is this, that, that…” said Sonya with a pale face and trembling lips.
