Tile roof. Tiled roof. Installation and installation of tiled roofs
The technology of making ceramic clay tiles has been known for hundreds of years. It, of course, has changed and improved, but the principle itself remains the same: shards molded from clay are fired in a furnace to give greater strength.
Today, clay tiles are available not only in their natural color - red-brown. There are two technologies for dyeing it, which give it a different look and properties:
- Glazed ceramic tiles. A tinted glassy coating is applied to the annealed plate, which is also fired in an oven. As a result, the surface becomes shiny and very smooth. The shades of this type of tile are very bright and rich. The roof is literally cleaned with every rain to a mirror shine: all the dust is washed off from the slippery surface.
- Engobing. Tiles painted in this way have more muted matte shades. After all, engobe is a powdered clay mixed with a mineral pigment, diluted with a little water. After annealing in an oven, the applied painted layer has a slightly porous structure, the shades are obtained in a muted, restrained tone.
For the conditions of central Russia and the North, engobe tiles are more suitable. After all, its color is the same ceramics. Therefore, its thermal expansion is the same and its appearance remains stable for many decades. The glassy glaze on the tiles has a different thermal expansion, which leads to the fact that they crack, and their appearance becomes far from ideal.
Besides different colors Clay shingles have different shapes and profiles. In form, they are:
In flat and wavy ones, grooves are often made, with the help of which they are joined to each other, and also fastened. They are easier and faster to install, and fast installation does not make the coating less durable.
There are several types of shingles according to their purpose:
- Private. It covers the whole roof.
- Ridge. Stays on the skate pitched roof after the installation of the private is completed.
- Wind or edge (right and left). Fits from the edge. It differs from an ordinary one by the presence of a wind bar that protects the edge of the rafters from the effects of rain and wind.
The variety of ceramic tiles is great. It is not for nothing that this is the most favorite material for roofs among designers.
Advantages and disadvantages
The first and undoubted advantage of this type of roofing material is its naturalness and environmental friendliness. After all, this is clay with some additives, fired in a kiln at a very high temperature. That's all the technology and composition. But there are other advantages:
It was not in vain that the ancestors laid tiles on the roof. She has a lot of excellent qualities. But there are also disadvantages, and you need to know them:
- Great weight. This leads to rafter system it is necessary to make from a more powerful bar, more often it is necessary to put supports. In addition, the significant mass makes transportation more difficult. The weight of the tiles must also be taken into account when designing the foundation.
- Laying is possible only by hand, without the possibility of using mechanisms. Although the new tile models have made the installation itself much easier.
- The slope should be steeper so that the water will drain off quickly.
- Painted tiles (by any method) show a natural color in places of chips.
There are not many disadvantages, but they are. How important they are, everyone decides for himself. How to choose a quality tile, see the video.
Tiled roof device
Tiles behave best on rather steep slopes. Optimal slope from 22 ° to 50 °. If the slope is less steep, additional waterproofing is required; for large slopes, additional fasteners are required. Then each tile is "set" on a self-tapping screw, roofing nail or kleimer.
The choice of bars and installation step for the rafter system
The basis of the structure is the rafter system. This roofing material is heavy - the average weight of one square meter of clay tiles is 40-60 kg. Considerable mass. It is necessary to add to it the thickness of the snow cover, which falls in the region. So the rafter system needs a powerful one.
But when constructing a rafter system, it is unprofitable to use very thick bars. It will be much cheaper if you install medium-sized rafters more often. Load bearing capacity it will not suffer, and pay less for building materials. So in middle lane In Russia, a timber of 75 * 150 mm is considered an acceptable option (it may be more or less depending on the amount of snow and the slope). Installation step 60-90 cm.
After finishing the installation of the rafters, they are treated with antiseptic and flame retardant impregnations. On the rafter system, a film of wind insulation is fixed, and then they proceed to the installation of the sheathing.
Sheathing device
The distance between the horizontal planks is determined by the dimensions of the selected tile and the angle of inclination of the roof. Most often, the installation step is negotiated by the manufacturer (available in the installation instructions). But you can decide on your own.
The rafter system and the lathing are two key points when laying a ceramic roof with your own hands The tiles are different in length, but most often they are 40-42 cm. When calculating the pitch of the lathing, you need to take into account the useful or effective length. After all, the rows overlap with each other. The more one tile goes over another, the shorter the useful length. And the amount of overlap depends on the angle of inclination of the roof: the smaller it is, the more the rows overlap (so that water does not flow):
- slope angle 11-25 ° - overlap 100 mm;
- slope 25-35 ° - approach 75 mm;
- steeper than 35 ° - approach 45 mm.
When calculating the step, take into account that you can make a larger entry, but less - only to the detriment of the quality of the roof, since water can flow. To increase the overlap of one row to another is unprofitable for material reasons (more tiles are required), so you should not get carried away with this either.
A bar of 50 * 50 mm or 60 * 40 mm is used under the crate. It must also be treated with impregnations before installation. The number of crossbars is one less than the number of rows that will be laid on the roof (one is added along the overhang).
Heat and vapor barrier
The heat insulator is installed from the side of the under-roof space. Usually these are mats mineral wool, they are tough enough to fit between lags.
The heat insulator must fit very tightly and without gaps: the slightest gap is a bridge along which heat will escape. For baths, this is an unacceptable luxury. Therefore, we insulate it especially carefully. Then a crate is laid on top of the insulation, which will hold the insulation, and a vapor barrier membrane is fixed on top. It is fixed with a counter lattice, to which it can be attached interior decoration if the room is inhabited.
Calculation of the number of tiles
When determining the number of tiles, useful dimensions are used. How to determine the usable length is described above, and the usable width is indicated by the manufacturer. Multiplying them, you determine useful area one item. Total area the roofs are divided by the found value. Get the number of pieces. But you need a margin for battle and pruning. Approximately 10-15%.
Calculation example. We take a tile, the useful dimensions of which are 345 * 300 mm. The area of the gable roof of the bath is 24m 2.
- Determine the useful area of the tile: 0.345 x 0.3 = 0.1035 m 2.
- We count the number of pieces for the entire roof. 24 / 0.1035 = 232 pcs.
- There will be 255 pieces in stock.
Now a little about the cost. The amount required is considerable: the price of one tile is from 1.6 € per piece (beaver tail) to 4.2 € / piece. It turns out that this roof will only require ordinary shingles from € 408 to € 1071.
To the costs will be added the cost of the side and ridge elements. Fasteners will also be needed. All this will require another 150-250 €. An expensive pleasure. But if you consider that the service life is calculated in decades, then it is not so expensive.
Installation of ceramic tiles
Installation is started from the bottom row. First, the eaves plank is nailed. It can be metal (purchased with tiles) or wooden. In the first row and the last, we attach each element to self-tapping screws. All side elements are also fixed.
All others are fixed with a special wire, which is supplied with the tiles. It is passed under the lathing bar and hooked on both sides of the special grooves. Since there are projections on the back side, with which the tile rests against the strip, the fastening is flexible and at the same time reliable. When shrinking, such a roof will easily adapt to all movements, while maintaining tightness. It is only necessary to make the truss system correctly: it must also be movable (floating).
For more information on installing clay tiles, see the video. The first half discusses the advantages and disadvantages of natural tiles, while the second demonstrates the installation of elements in the bottom row, as well as elements of subsequent rows.
Cement-sand tile
Cement-sand tiles are also a natural roofing material Natural shingles are another type of roofing material: cement-sand. It is also called concrete, cement or CPU shingles. As the name implies, it consists of cement and quartz sand, to which a coloring pigment is added. That is, these are lightweight concrete products. The peculiarity of the technology allows to achieve high density and strength: the service life of a roof with cement-sand tiles is 100 years.
Specifications and consumer properties it is very close to the characteristics of ceramic. Even the mass is practically the same: a square meter of cement-sand tiles weighs 42-45 kg.
But there are also differences. Since the pigment is added immediately to the solution, there is no difference in the formation of chips: all of it is both outside and in the depth of the same color.
There is one not-so-good point: the edges of the concrete tiles are sort of chopped off. This somewhat worsens the appearance of the roof from above, but when viewed from the side, you will not see much difference.
The attractiveness of this material lies in its lower price. For example, the products of the German-Russian company Braas from 36 rubles per tile. Compared to ceramic prices, the difference is palpable.
Roofing with concrete tiles is no different from ceramic. It all comes down to the smallest detail. So there is no news here.
Polymer shingles
This roofing material can be classified as natural with a very big stretch. However, it is on the market. The material has both pros and cons. The pluses include:
Disadvantages require attention - you need to make a decision taking them into account:
- Frost resistance of the material 200 cycles of defrosting-freezing. This is five times less than that of ceramics and cement-sand tiles.
- Under the influence of ultraviolet radiation, a sluggish process of erosion occurs - the tile gradually becomes thinner. It will serve its term, but one should not hope for a significant excess.
- With temperature changes, deformation of the tile occurs - it changes shape. This can cause the roof to leak.
As you can see, polymer-sand tile has serious drawbacks. But the price is attractive: a square meter of coverage costs from 340 rubles. When choosing, it is worth remembering that if the production technology is violated, problems begin: after a few years it begins to crumble, literally by hand. Therefore, the choice of the manufacturer is very important.
If you decide to cover your bath with polymer tiles, you need to know that there are some installation features: each tile is fixed with two nails or self-tapping screws. In this case, it is necessary to leave some backlash: it must be able to move. It is desirable to use stainless steel fasteners: galvanized nails.
Plastic roof tiles
This kind of material is definitely not natural, but it is just as sure that it is much cheaper. The advantages of this type of roofing material are the same as those of polymer-sand material. The appearance is somewhat different from the usual, but not drastically.
Available in two formats: as single tiles or as sheets of two or three elements. Working with plastic tiles is much easier: they are two times lighter and absolutely unbreakable. Each has locks, with the help of which a single roofing sheet is assembled. Fastened with nails to the crate.
The order of installation is different: they start laying from the ridge, placing the bottom row under the one on top. The material is new, so there is little operating experience. But the price is low and the installation is simple, which makes you think and hesitate when choosing.
conclusions
A shingle roof can be made from four externally very similar materials: ceramic, cement-sand and polymer-sand, as well as plastic tiles. Despite the external similarity, they differ in price, and some in characteristics.
Construction and roof cladding is a very important stage. And the reliability of the main protection of the house will depend on the quality of work, roofing and other materials. The current roof and the disastrous consequences that follow from it are unlikely to cheer anyone up.
Tile roof, as well as metal profiled, is easy to maintain and does not require special maintenance. The tiles are laid with an overlap, as is usually done with all small piece roofing materials. For example, flat tiles are usually fastened with nails or special clamps, two tiles at a time.
On different slopes, tiles are laid in different ways, depending on the shape of the roof. The most popular is considered to be ordinary tiles, with a snow cutter and a special blower for ventilation.
Ordinary tiles are flat, grooved tape, grooved and groove stamping. Classification by material of production - ceramic, cement-sand, metal, bitumen, composite and wood. Retail price - from $ 7 per m2 (bituminous, metal) to $ 75 / m2 (ceramic), plus additional elements and installation costs ($ 10-20).
In fig. above is the roof structure made of tiles and the scheme of its laying
In the process of creating a roof, so that the load on the supporting structures is uniform, it is advisable to carry out work simultaneously on both ends of the roof, that is, on both slopes or on both sides of one slope.
After a few months after covering the roof with tiles, the transverse joints between the tiles should be coated with lime mortar with the addition of various fibrous materials, for example, tow. The work should be carried out from the side of the attic, and at the end, after the solution has hardened, the same seams should be painted with any oil paint.
In the process of covering the roof, one of the difficult moments is laying on the ridge and sloping edges of the roof of the ridge grooved tile, which has a groove rim, due to which the parts are fastened together.
One of the weak spots on your roof could be the chimney collar. It should be laid out especially carefully and carefully with a high-quality selection of materials. A special "otter" is made around the pipe, which is made from a solution of cement and sand.
On the assembled roof, permanent planks are sometimes made, along which it will be possible to get to the chimney or to the ridge with eaves. The planks will be needed when repairing or maintaining a tiled roof in the future.
A tiled roof can last up to a hundred years. It is UV, frost, heat and moisture resistant. It is quite difficult to lay it, but the final result will delight even the most corrosive esthete. A roof made of ceramic or cement-sand tiles reflects the prosperity, solidity and style of the owner of the cottage. This roofing material costs a lot, but the installation costs are paid off by a long service life.
What is ceramic roof tile
Under the term "natural tiles" it is customary to combine piece elements of classic ceramic tiles and its more modern counterpart made of baked cement with sand. Both versions of this roof covering have similar characteristics and manufacturing technology. In production, first blanks of the desired shape are formed from the initial mixture and dried, and then these products are baked at temperatures above 1000 C.
General view of the roof
The ancient Greeks and Romans used it to cover the roofs of their houses. In Russia, the dawn of this roofing material began only at the end of the 19th century. Then the Germans brought the first samples of it to be shown to the tsar and opened domestic Russian production.
Now in building materials stores, the natural version is sold both domestic and imported. And there are no special differences in quality from different manufacturers. If this product is made using technology and high quality source material, then on the roof such a roof will last a very long time.
Types of roof tiles
Natural piece tiles are divided into several types according to the shape of individual elements, material of manufacture, color and external coating. By the size of the main tiles, it can be:
Small format -> 20 pieces / sq m;
Medium format - 10–20 pieces / sq m;
Large format -
In addition to the classic flakes, there is also a huge assortment of additional elements for all bends and roof elements. Tiles are now commonly understood as a whole system of various parts with a “thorn-groove” end, which together, after laying, form a single roofing deck.
By form
There are three main types of natural tiles, which differ in the manufacturing method:
Pressed.
Stamped.
Molded (tape).
There is not much difference between them, they are just different technologies of factory production. Everywhere at the exit, products for the roof are obtained with similar operational parameters and characteristics. They differ only in profile.
Types by shape
Also, in addition to the privates, there are special parts for the roof for sheathing ridge skates, vents, gutters, pipes, ends, gables, etc.
By material of manufacture
The main difference between the products sold now occurs in the line of material of manufacture. There is a classic ceramic tile. It is made, as originally, from baked clay. And cement-sand tiles made from a mixture of sand, Portland cement and pigments. They differ in the composition of the components, weight and price. But in terms of durability and other characteristics, there are no special differences between these products.
Ceramic belong to an elite type of roof. It is heavier and more expensive than the cement-sand analogue. She has a natural terracotta color with hues ranging from beige to dark brown. Externally, the roofs with it have faded and darkened a little from time to time, which only gives them a more noble and natural look.
Ceramic look of the Creaton brand
The technology for the production of cement-sand tiles differs from the manufacture of a purely clay competitor in lower energy consumption for firing. In fact, this is an ordinary reinforced concrete product made of cement, water and sand, which is not fired, but in most cases is simply dried. This variety of the natural version has a wider range of colors. Tiles can be either painted with paint of any shade or made with the addition of pigments to the composition.
Cement-sand brand Braas
To increase durability, sand and ceramic tiles are covered with a protective layer:
Glazes - a glassy mass applied to workpieces before firing;
Engobes are powdered clay with metal oxides that give different colors when fired.
But most of this material on domestic homes is generally without additional coverage. Natural classics are more beautiful, antique and elegant.
Advantages and disadvantages of natural tiles
Among the advantages of the ceramic version and the analogue based on cement are:
Durability - it will take at least 30 years before the first repair, and it will take 70–80 years to completely change the tiled roof;
High noise absorption characteristics - only bituminous ondulin and roofing material have better performance in attenuating external noise;
Antistatic and fire safety of the coating - no other roofing material can boast of such a combination of incombustibility and inability to conduct electric current;
Water resistance and frost resistance - tile products are capable of absorbing moisture by a maximum of 5–6% of their weight, so they are not afraid of precipitation and frost;
Environmental friendliness - only environmentally friendly components are used in the production of these roofing elements;
Resistance to ultraviolet light and aggressive environments - ceramic and sandy are not afraid of sunlight and acid rain, it does not fade and does not lose its original appearance;
Ease of use - no additional maintenance is required after roof installation.
There are few disadvantages of a tile roof, but they are:
High material costs;
Labor intensity of installation;
Fragility;
Great weight.
Care should be taken when transporting ceramic and more modern cement-sand tiles. It is quite fragile and with a strong blow it can simply crack. Due to its significant weight (the mass of one square of a tiled roof can reach 50-60 kg), it is necessary to build a reinforced rafter system for it. Even asbestos-cement sheets will require a less powerful rafter structure.
Roofing use
Ceramic has a high price - more than 500 rubles per m2. However, these expenses are more than covered by the respectability, practicality and durability of the created roof. Among the diversity roofing materials she is assigned the indisputable role of an elite and expensive option... By its very appearance, it testifies to the wealth of the owner of a private house. At the same time, it can be used to cover both old renovated buildings and new buildings. She is always appropriate and looks great.
Photo of ceramic and cement-sand tiles
It is often used to decorate elite-class houses.
Such a roof simply merges with the red brick walls.
Another neat house
House with a dark variant
And finally, Hi-Tech, linking the past and the future: classic roof tiles with modern solar panels
The tiled roof is a classic that has come from ancient times. It would seem that its century has already passed, because cheaper, but no less durable roofing materials have replaced it. But life has shown that, like bricks, tiles made from clay in the form of ceramic products are very popular. Especially recently, when the private construction boom began. In the article we will talk about the types of tiles, about the technologies for their production, we will designate the positive and negative qualities of the material, we will talk about the technology of its installation on the roof of houses.
Source memphite.comTypes of tiles
Today, this term covers several roofing materials. We will only be interested in three, one of which is a tile, the second two are its analogue, very similar in shape and size. So:
the ancestor of tile structures - ceramic tile;
its analogues - cement-sand and polymer-sand modification.
Ceramic roof tiles
From the name it becomes clear that this product is made of clay. It is molded and fired at high temperatures... Final result - Brown color roof tiles. It should be noted that there is no standard in terms of shape and size. Manufacturers today offer a rich assortment in this regard. I would like to note the glazed tiles, the blank of which is smeared with glaze before firing. On a surface finished product a shiny glossy surface is obtained.
As for the assortment, you can list the most popular models:
tape flat;
tape groove;
one- or two-wave;
grooved and others.
Until recently, the main use was made of tape-type shingles, which were laid in two layers to ensure that leaks were avoided. Today it is not necessary to do this, because the material of the slot type has appeared.
In the design of this variety, there is a groove on one side and a spike on the other. When connecting two adjacent elements roofing the thorn of one is inserted into the groove of the other, which ensures one hundred percent tightness of the joint. At the same time, there is a so-called eyelet in the construction of the tile. It is located in the lower plane. Its purpose is to fasten piece material to the crate with wire. Each element does not need to be fastened, the tiles are tied with a wire through a row vertically.
It is believed that the main disadvantage of ceramic tiles is their large mass. That is, under this roofing, you will have to build a powerful rafter system and crate. But on the other hand, a lot of weight is a good resistance to the wind. Even a squall gust will not blow away the roof. Most likely, the main disadvantage is the high price.
Cement-sand tile
The analogue of the classics was specially invented. The reason is to reduce the cost of roofing material and make it massively available. There was only one way out - to remove from technological process firing stage, in which the main costs are reduced to the consumption of an expensive energy carrier. But clay does not become strong if it is not burned. Therefore, it was replaced by inexpensive but readily available ingredients: sand and cement, which together created a durable material with a long service life.
It should be noted that there is no firing during the production process, but there is a drying stage at + 60 ° C. Even that turned out to be cheaper. In all respects, the cement-sand variety is not inferior to the ceramic one. There is even an advantage - a variety of colors, which is achieved by applying polymer-based paints. Paints and varnishes of this type provide both protective and decorative functions.
On our website you can find contacts of construction companies that offer services roof design and repair... You can communicate directly with representatives by visiting the Low-Rise Country exhibition of houses.
Polymer shingles
This product consists of three components:
sand (70%) giving strength to the product;
polymer, usually waste polyethylene, acting as a binder (25%) ;
rest dye, giving the material the necessary decorative effect.
The production process of polymer-sand tiles is based on pressing a heated mixture under high pressure. It turns out a very durable product, which in all respects is not inferior to either the ceramic variety or the cement one. She even surpasses her competitors in color design, where all colors and shades are present.
Tile installation technology
Note that a tile roof (any) is assembled using almost the same technology. There are, of course, certain differences that relate to the shape and design features material. But the basic sequence of operations is the same.
Any installation process begins with design and calculations. Both stages are not easy, the quality of the final result depends on them, so professionals should deal with them. The only thing to note is that in the process of calculations, the amount of required roofing material is determined, as well as the number of additional elements: ridge, valley, eaves, ventilation grilles and others.
Be sure to calculate the rafter system. Tiles are heavy material, which means that powerful rafters and sheathing elements will have to be installed under it. Therefore, at the design stage, the sections of the required sawn timber are calculated, the step of their installation.
Assembling the rafter legs
Basically, this is a standard construction operation. The main thing to consider:
correct geometry truss structure on each roof slope;
the upper ends of the rafters should be in the same plane;
the same applies to the lathing, here the deviations should not exceed 5 mm per 2 m of the length of the element.
An important point is the ratio of the step of mounting the rafter legs with the cross-section of the sheathing bars. The ratio is:
if the pitch of the rafters is up to 75 cm, then the lathing can be assembled from bars with a section of 30x50 mm;
step - 90 cm, section - 40-50 mm;
step - 110 cm, section - 40x60 or 50x50 mm.
Now a drip is mounted on the installed crate. This is a metal strip in the form of a corner. It covers a part of the roof overhang, the purpose is to prevent condensation and precipitation from entering the under-roof space.
Previously, a tile roof was assembled quite simply. Basically, the craftsmen sought to correctly lay the elements of the roofing in order to create an airtight plane. Today more and more often attic make it warm. That is, between the rafter legs they lay thermal insulation material, which is closed from the upper side with special films that can withstand leaks.
Even if the project does not have a warm under-roof space, these films are laid anyway, in case the tiled roof suddenly leaks. How is it done:
the waterproofing film is laid along the rafters in strips, starting from the overhang, moving to the ridge of the roof;
waterproofing strips are laid with an overlap with an offset of 10-20 cm, the upper strips on top of the lower ones;
the joints of the films are covered with adhesive tape;
fasten the insulation to the rafters with small studs with a wide head or metal staples using a stapler.
After that, a counter-lattice is laid on top of the laid film along the rafters. Its purpose is to create a ventilated gap. And already on top they mount the crate. And on this we can assume that the assembly of the rafter system is complete.
Video description
In the video, the expert talks about vapor barrier film, which is used for laying under roofing material:
Installation of drainage system and additional elements
The next stage is the installation of the drain. It consists in the fact that it is necessary to install brackets on which the gutters of the horizontal part of the drainage system will subsequently be mounted. Bracket attachment technology depends on the selected type. More often these are elements with a long leg, which are attached to the side ends of the rafter legs.
The brackets are installed with a slope within 2-5 °. Fastening is carried out with self-tapping screws on wood.
As for the additions, it is just before the tiles on the roof are assembled that, first of all, the valley is formed, if there is one in the composition of the roofing structure. The junction of the two slopes is closed with a polymer-bitumen roll material, and a metal element is placed on top, which is attached to the rafter system. The length of the corner elements is 1 m, therefore, along the length of the valley, they are laid with an overlap of 10 cm, starting from the lowest point to the ridge. Fastener - roofing nails.
An important point - the visible gutter of the valley (between the tiles) should not be less than 15 cm in width.If this parameter is reduced, then there is a high probability that the valley will be assembled a large number of water. And this will surely lead to leaks.
And the last additional element at this stage is a ventilation grill that closes the space between the rafter system and the walls of the house. To do this, use different kind lattice materials made of plastic or metal. Each model has its own mounting method. The main thing is to install them so as to tightly close the opening. That is, the air will pass through it unhindered, and for debris, birds and insects it is an insurmountable obstacle.
Installation of roof tiles
So, we pass to the main stage - the connection of the roof and shingles. Let's face it, this process is not easy. The master is required to have knowledge of technology and experience in carrying out this type of work. The only thing to note is that there are certain requirements for the installation process itself. Here is some of them:
styling begins from the overhang to the ridge, from any corner of the building;
if the roof tent or hip, then the installation starts from the middle of the ramp;
one tile should lie on two sheathing elements;
fastening is carried out different ways but more often self-tapping screws through the mounting holes in the roofing material.
Please note that the holes are not through. That is, if necessary, they are drilled through and through. If the tiles will not be attached to the lathing, then there is no need to make holes through. This ensures the tightness of the roof covering.
In fact, it is quite difficult to convey the installation process in words, so we suggest watching the video.
Video description
The video shows the installation process of ceramic tiles:
Installation of tiles on the ridge of the roof
For this, an additional element is used, made using the same technology as the tile itself. It has a peculiar shape that helps to close the ridge hermetically. But since the latter is used in the roofing system and as an element of the ventilation system, first a beam is mounted on it on special brackets, an aeration element is installed on top in the form of a mesh element. It covers the ridge of the roof, leaving openings for air exhaust from under the roof space.
And after that, ridge additional elements are mounted. They are attached to the ridge bar with cleats, because it is this fastener that can ensure the tightness of the ridge assembly. The addons themselves are assembled according to the type of socket connection. That is, on the one hand, they have a seat of a larger diameter, on the other, a smaller one.
Installation of spine shingles
This stage is used if a hip or hip roof is being erected over the houses. Only in these structures are ridges present - the joints of two slopes forming an outer ledge. It, like the rest of the projections or concavities, is a place of intense influence of natural precipitation. Plus, in this area, a joint of two slopes is made. Therefore, it is very important to correctly seal. We will not describe how it should be done correctly. Just watch the video.
Video description
The video shows the technology of covering the roof ridge with ceramic tiles:
Conclusion on the topic
The roof, covered with tiles, looks presentable. It is impossible to argue with this. She emphasizes the status of the owner of the house. Because the roofing material itself is not a cheap pleasure. Plus, you will have to lay a powerful rafter system under it. And this is also a lot of money. And the very service of installing tiles on the roof will not be cheap.
Until recently, roofing materials for low-rise buildings were the best. Its disadvantage, however, is that it is heavy and requires reinforced rafters; moreover, it is very difficult to lay it without sufficient qualifications.
For tiled roofs, clay and cement-sand tiles are used. The slope of the slopes of such a roof is determined, first of all, climatic conditions zone and type of shingles. So, if the roof is made of grooved and flat tiles, the slope is taken to be at least 50%.
The basis for the roof of the slotted tile is a lathing of well-hewn poles or bars with a section of 40 × 50 or 50 × 50 mm, nailed to the rafters parallel to the ridge at equal distances from one another. This distance between the top edges of the bars should be equal to the useful (covering) part of the tile.
The material begins to be laid from the eaves of the roof towards the ridge with an overlap of the upper corners to the lower ones and with a shift of the longitudinal joints by half the width of the tile. It is fixed to the lathing bars with projections (spikes) located on the underside of the tiles. The conjugation of ordinary tiles with each other is performed in a rebate. For a tight connection of the grooved tiles and increase the waterproofing of the roof, the horizontal joints are coated from the attic side with a lime mortar with an admixture of fibrous substances. If the angle of inclination of the slope is more than 35 °, individual plates after 8-10 pieces are staggered to the crate with an oven wire threaded through a special eyelet in the spike and twisted around a nail nailed to the crate bar. The ridge is covered with a special ridge tile, which is laid on a cement-lime mortar so that its edges cover the ordinary tiles adjacent to the ridge by at least 40-60 cm.From the attic side, the ridge tile is tied through one with an oven wire to nails hammered into the rafters or crate.
On the edges of the roof, ordinary tiles are chopped off along the line of abutment of the slopes, and the gap between the rows is coated with cement-lime mortar before laying the ridge tiles. The gutters are covered with roofing steel, laid on a continuous formwork of boards. It replaces the crate and forms a kind of trough.
Where they pass through the roof chimneys, the crate is sawn through so that the outer surface of the pipes is separated from the combustible elements of the roof by air spaces. The ends of the lathing are fixed with transverse strips. Block tape shingles are laid on a crate of bars or poles in two layers, and when roofing sheds and sheds - in one layer. The shingles are fastened by hooking its spike onto the sheathing bar, or nailed to the bar. The gutters are covered without the use of roofing steel. Tile roofs are fire-resistant, durable, and cheap to operate.
They go well with the simple planes of the walls in light colors, give the whole house an elegant look, stand out against the background of vegetation at any time of the year.
The main disadvantage of tiled roofs is their large mass and laboriousness of work, associated with the use of such a small element as a tile.
The basis for tiled roofs is a lathing of bars, laid in accordance with the size and shape of the tiles.
The correctness of the lathing is checked with a special template cut from the board to the size of the tiles (Fig. 1).
Fig. 1. Template (bracket) for checking the correct laying of the lathing under the tiled roof
Each row of shingles overlaps the underlying one. In this regard, the first from the bottom (cornice) lathing bar, on which the lower ends of the tiles of the first row rest, should be 20-30 mm thicker than the remaining bars.
On the ridge and ribs of the roof, ridge and rib bars are nailed and ridge grooved tiles are attached to them.
Tiled roofs are made with a slope of 30-60 °.
Materials (edit)
According to the type of raw material, tiles are divided into clay (fired), cement-sand and silicate (non-fired). Typically, the tiles are produced in two types: ordinary and ridge.
According to the method of production, the tile is divided into stamped and tape, according to the shape - into grooved and flat.
Stamped grooved tiles (Fig. 2, a) have longitudinal and transverse closures, which provide a tight, water-tight, impermeable connection of the tiles.
Tape grooved shingles (Fig. 2, b) have only longitudinal closures.
Tape flat tiles (Fig. 3, c) have no closings at all and therefore form the least dense conjugations. One end of such a tile can be rounded, rectangular or polygonal.
Ridge shingles (Fig. 3, d) of grooved shape are used to cover ridge and roof ribs.
On the underside, the clay tile has spikes for attaching it to the lathing.
For clay tiles, requirements are imposed in relation to the correctness of the shape, smoothness of the surface and the evenness of the edges, there should be no cracks and warpage on it.
Deviations are allowed within the following limits: curvature of the surface and edges - no more than 4 mm, chipping or crushing of spikes - no more than 1/3 of their height. When struck lightly with a hammer, the tiles should make a clear, non-rattling sound.
Fig. 2. Roofing clay tiles: a - grooved stamped; b - groove tape; в - flat tape; g - ridge
The smallest permissible depth of grooves is 5 mm, the smallest height of the spikes for grooved stamped tiles is 10 mm, and for tape (grooved and flat) - 20 mm.
For tying to the lathing, grooved stamped tiles must have an eyelet with a hole on the back side. For the same, a hole is made in the strip tile in a spike with a diameter of at least 1.5 mm.
The thickness of the clay tile is 10-12 mm.
In recent years, cement-sand tiles have found widespread use in rural construction due to the simplicity of their manufacture, which is easily mastered even by low-skilled workers. One part of cement and two to four parts of sand is mixed with a small amount water. Tiles are formed from the resulting material on machines.
Cement-sand shingles usually have the same dimensions as clay, and are most often molded in the form of a groove with one or two side closures or in the form of smooth slabs.
Silicate shingles are made from lime, sand and water and are shaped like a groove shingle with two side closures and two spikes. Ordinary tiles have dimensions 395 X 235 mm. Its covering dimensions are 327 mm long and 204 mm wide. The length of the ridge tile is 395 mm and the width is 206 mm. Covering length 360 mm.
The requirements for the quality of cement-sand and silicate tiles are the same as for clay.
Manufacturing jobs
Tiles are sorted and rejected beforehand. Longitudinal halves are made of rejected tiles, which are laid at the beginning and at the end of the rows.
For the convenience of delivering tiles to the place of work and laying them on the roof, use metal frames or wooden pallets (Fig. 12). On the roof, they are placed on a special portable platform placed on the crate.
Fig. 3. Metal frames (a) and wooden pallets(b) for transporting shingles
The following tools, devices and inventory are used for tiled roofs installation: - hammer for driving nails; hammer-pick for shingles; trowel for applying mortar and spreading joints; - pliers for breaking off the edges of the tiles; - hand saws (fine-toothed) for sawing the punch lines on the tiles before breaking; - rasp for trimming cut edges of tiles, grooves and ridges; - wooden spatula-trowel for spreading the seams; - a wooden square and a lath (2 m long) to check the correct laying of tiled rows; - wooden template for precise laying of battens; weight cord; - a spatula for mixing the solution; bucket with a capacity of 8 liters; - a tank for mortar with a capacity of 6-8 liters and a tank for soaking the tiles in front of the window; - box for solution preparation; folding meter; - walking bridges 4-5 m long; ladder 5 mm long; frames for tiles; stacker bench; rope 25 m long.
The work of laying the tiles on the roof is carried out by a link of two roofers (a stacker and a handyman). The roofer puts the tiles in 3-4 rows at once. The assistant, being at the site with frames 1.5-2 m from the stacker, gives him the tiles.
The first two rows of tiles are laid from the attic or scaffolding, and all subsequent ones from a bench that is moved along the crate. Laying is carried out from the bottom up from the gable overhang or the rib of the hip slope to the ridge.
The tiles of the lower (first) row are laid on two lathing bars and hooked onto the edge of the upper bar. The tiles of the next (second) row should engage with their spikes on the upper edge of the tiles of the first row. The third and all subsequent rows are laid in the same way as the first.
All tiles located along the eaves and gable overhangs are additionally attached to the sheathing bars with wire or clamps, regardless of the slope of the roof. It is recommended to fasten the tiles of the remaining rows on the slopes in one row. If the roof slope is more than 45 °, then they should be fixed in all rows. You can also do the fastening in a checkerboard pattern, that is, tie the tiles through one in all rows.
The ridge and the ribs of the roof are covered with ridge (grooved) tiles, laid on cement mortar. The ridge tiles are placed so that the folded rim of the second tile enters the groove of the first, etc. All cracks in the tiled roof are coated: from the attic with Clay, lime or cement mortar with the addition of fleece of wool, hemp, etc.
Fig. 4. Roofing device made of flat tape tiles
A two-layer (Fig. 4, a) or flake coating is made of flat tape tiles. The overlying rows should overlap the underlying ones. At the same time, in each row located above, the tiles are laid in a dressing, that is, all odd rows begin with whole tiles, and even ones begin and end in halves. From the side of the pediment, the extreme rows of tiles are fixed with a wind board.
For even loading of the rafters, it is recommended to lay the tiles simultaneously on both slopes.
After laying the tiles on the main slopes, the hip slopes and ribs are covered.
Flat tiles are hooked with a spike on a lathing bar and fastened to the last with nails or clamps; nails are driven into holes in the upper part of the shingles.
The tiles are fastened with clamps in pairs. The glue is placed after the tile engages with a spike on the back edge of the bar. The right horizontal fold of the cleat should cover the tiles laid in a row. The adjacent tile is brought under the left fold. From above, both folds are closed with tiles of the above-laid row (Fig. 4, c). The bent ends of the clamps are nailed from the attic to the sheathing bars.
A type of two-layer coating is scaly (Fig. 4). With a scaly coating, the tiles are laid in double rows (in two layers).
The procedure for laying stamped and grooved tape tiles is the same as for flat tiles. The only difference is in the fastening: it is made with wire, which is passed through the hole in the spike of the tile, and tied to a nail driven into the crate from below.
When laying grooved tiles, care must be taken to ensure that the longitudinal and transverse covers in the tiles are tightly overlapped by adjacent tiles.
The device of roofs made of cement-sand tiles is almost no different from the device of roofs made of clay tiles.
The shingles are laid along the lathing of the bars also from the bottom up (from the eaves to the ridge of the roof). They fix it by hammering with two 40-50 mm nails through the holes in the tile, or tying it with a wire threaded through the holes in the upper part of the tile to a nail driven into the batten rail from its lower side.
The tiles are laid in close-up with one tile overlapping the other by 50-60 mm. The seams are coated from the attic with a lime or clay mortar with a fibrous filler (tow, tow, crumpled straw, etc.).
Roofs made of cement-sand tiles are fire-resistant, water- and frost-resistant and are distinguished by the simplicity of their construction and repair. However, compared to clay, cement-sand tiles are more fragile and require particularly careful handling during transportation and installation.
IN winter period roof tile work can be performed subject to a number of rules. The base of the roof (lathing or formwork), as well as tiles (of all types), must be thoroughly cleaned of snow and ice before starting work. The tiles must be soaked in a heated room in front of the window.
All types of shingles are laid dry. Grouting with mortar joints (including from the attic side) is done in the spring.
The following requirements are imposed on tiled roofs.
The tiles must be laid in regular rows parallel to the overhang or ridge, fit snugly to the batten, and have no gaps, gaps, cracks or warpage.
Skate and rib shingles should be well fitted, tightly laid on the grout, and tied with wire. The joints of the ridge and ribs, as well as the abutment of the ordinary covering, must be made especially carefully, with the edging and fitting of the converging tiles.
Gutters and wall gutters should be made of galvanized steel roofing with overlapping tiles at the edges by at least 150 mm.
Horizontal joints should be coated from the side of the attic with lime-cement mortar mixed with fibrous additives.
- Tiled roofs
