I met a young writer. Do you want me to show you a fairy tale
In subsequent years, we saw each other, (1) of course, (2) much less often, (3) than during childhood.
New task
In the sentence below, all the commas are numbered from the read text. Write down the numbers indicating the comma between the parts of the complex sentence connected by the subordinating relationship. (3) what you don’t know, (4) where is life and where is fiction, (5) was revealed to me for the first time, (6) when I myself read The Three Musketeers.
1) Identification of the problem.
2) Commenting on the problem.
3) Author's position.
4) Agreement / disagreement with the position of the author.
Save the guys, URGENT!!
In the winter of 1921, I lived in Odessa... I was then working as a secretary in the Moryak newspaper. In general, many young writers worked in it, including Kataev, Bagritsky, Babel, Olesha and Ilf. Of the old experienced writers, only Andrey Sobol often came to our editorial office - a sweet, always excited, restless person. One day Sobol brought his story to the "Sailor", torn, confused, although interesting in terms of the topic and, of course, talented. Everyone read this story and was embarrassed: it was impossible to print it in such a careless form. No one dared to offer Sobol to correct him. In this regard, Sobol was inexorable - and not so much because of the author's vanity (Sobol almost did not have it), but because of nervousness: he could not return to his written things and lost interest in them. We sat and thought: what to do? Sat with us and our proofreader Blagov, the former director of the most widespread newspaper in Russia " Russian word", the right hand of the famous publisher Sytin ... - That's what, - said Blagov. - This is a talented thing. It cannot be lost ... Give me the manuscript ... I swear on my honor, I will not change a word in it. - And "What will you do?" ... In this case, not a single word was really thrown out or added. - This is a miracle! - I exclaimed. - How did you do it? - Yes, I just put the punctuation marks correctly. I especially carefully placed the points. And paragraphs. This is a great thing ", my dear. Even Pushkin spoke about punctuation marks. They exist to highlight the thought, bring words into the correct ratio and give the phrase lightness and correct sound. Punctuation marks are like musical signs. They firmly hold the text and do not allow it to crumble. . ..After that, I was finally convinced, since when A point put in the right place and at the right time acts on the reader with astonishing force.
What word is missing in the text?___________ also disappeared from the Bulgarian language. The Bulgarian language has the same ancestor as the Russian language - the Proto-Slavic language. And _____________ in this language (and in Old Bulgarian) was no less than in Russian. Judge for yourself: for example, “table” in Bulgarian will be masa; "on the table" and "on the table" will be in masa; "under the table" and "under the table" - under the masa, and so on. The word is used in only one form - just like in modern English or French.
Define the text style. Prove your opinion. Determine what type of speech the text is. The word "sail" says a lot to myimagination. I love this word because I love the sail, I love the sails. I remember my sails on the Dnieper and the Volga, on the Neman and in Pirite, near Tallinn. But in the line “A lonely sail turns white,” this word is filled with many new qualities that expand my personal, narrowly biographical impressions to the limits of figurative universality and boundlessness of interpretation. This generality includes my personal impressions. Moreover, Lermontov puts them in order, in order, gives them a special content, makes them involved in the experiences of other people, unites me with them. So organ music can nourish hundreds and thousands of people at the same time... The perception of poetry in this sense is akin to the perception of music. Poetry is fundamentally ambiguous...
"Sail" in the dictionary is a simple, ordinary word, Lermontov's "sail" is a poetic word, a word included in the figurative structure of the line "The lonely sail turns white." Modern poetry proceeds from the assumption that there are no bad or good, poetic or non-poetic words. There is a word in a poetic text. Here it begins to live. Here it is a living organism. And since it is alive, it means that it can share in everything and really does share the fate of all living beings.
I met a young writer.
Do you want me to read you my new story? - he said.
Of course, I said.
Do you like? he said, having finished reading.
I'll tell you the truth, I said.
Tell me, he said.
First of all, you have “I said” and “he said” on every line, I said.
Now you can say “he said” and “I said,” he said.
Second, you have nothing to say, I said.
I said everything I wanted to say, he said.
It's better not to say that at all," I said.
Well, what to say about a person with such taste? - he said.
I said what I thought, I said.
They told me the truth that you are a cretin,” he said.
Repeat what you said? - I said.
He said what he said, he said.
Will you say another word? - I said.
More to say, he said.
Well, what can you say! I said to myself. Now tell me yourself: did I tell him a lie?
Exercise 15 Replace the highlighted words with synonyms, while trying to strengthen their meaning, to give the statement more emotionality.
1. This picture surprised me. 2. The landscape was very beautiful. 3. The stranger seemed to him a man unkind. 4. Nikolai Lukyanovich wanted to be in time, he was walking fast. 5. Irina rejoiced. 6. Girl crying, begging for help. 7. This could only be done unintelligent human. 8. It takes a lot to figure it out work. 9. Don't try me deceive. 10. Can be offered many options for solving this problem.
Exercise 16 Find synonyms for the following words (refer to synonym dictionaries for help).
Fragrance, poor, stupid, do, think, eat, cruel, dwelling, why, brief, dexterous, many, new, frankly, charm, very, become famous, ask, smart, walk, enthusiasm, clear.
Exercise 17 Specify the stylistic functions of synonyms.
1. This is the steppe, this is the tenth century, this is not freedom, this is will! (L.T.). 2. With what rapture, delight, he mentions the birds that he sees in the prison window and which he did not notice before when he was a minister (Ch.). Ulya had not eyes, but eyes (Fad.). 4. It seemed to me that I would strengthen, strengthen, bring my old love for ordinary land to the limit only by experiencing the despair of these barren spaces (Paust.). 5. Yes, there are words that burn like a flame that shine far and deep - to the bottom, but their substitution with words can be equal to treason (Tv.). 6. Far away, comrade, you are leaving - goodbye ... Maybe goodbye! (Meadow.). 7. And then a smile appeared on the lips of Mona Lisa, it was a smile, not a smile (Nagib.). 8. Mouth and lips - their essence is not one. And the eyes are not peepers at all! Some have access to depth, others ... - deep plates (Mark.). 9. My comrades burned in tanks to ashes, to ash, to ashes (Sluts.). 10. There were many mountains, they left the shore ridge after ridge and looked out from behind each other with many peaks of different heights, making the area decorative, fabulous, unreal (Nik.). 11. But I robbed you, damn it, robbed you! Because I stole from you! (Ch.) 12. How young he was then! How often and intoxicatedly he laughed - he just laughed, but did not laugh (O.B.).
Exercise 18 Indicate the errors resulting from the inaccurate choice of synonyms (use of words without taking into account their semantics, violation of lexical compatibility, unjustified use of stylistically colored vocabulary), as well as syllable errors resulting from the inability to use synonyms (repetition of words, tautology, pleonasm, errors in creating gradation ). Correct the suggestions.
1. It is necessary to bring this work to the end, to finish, to complete. 2. Life in our gymnasium continues to boil and rage. 3. The knowledge of this student is very modest, mediocre. 4. Poor quality, poor performance of homework by students interferes with the solid assimilation of educational material. 5. Let's hope that New furniture in classrooms will serve for a long time. 6. I call everyone who worked on the construction of the station enthusiasts, and for good reason: they spent two shifts at the construction site. 7. Slowness and sluggishness in preparation for the construction season are unacceptable. 8. Floating facilities - boats and motors for them - must be repaired in advance, verified, debugged, in a word, brought to full readiness. 9. Among Russian writers who wrote about art, Stasov is a huge, unique and unique figure, unusually remarkable. 10. On the warm sand of this wild Pacific coast, my bare feet left deep prints, which were immediately erased by the oncoming waves. 11. Mistakes and omissions made by the investigating authorities and resulting in the failure of the investigation are explained as follows. 12. You ask why children's interest in reading has collapsed so much. Take an interest in the elders, who do not come into contact with the book at all.
Exercise 19 Compare the unedited (left column) and the edited proposals. What bugs did the editor fix? In case of disagreement with him, offer your own version of stylistic editing.
|
3. The writer draws his characters from reality itself. 4. Streets in our city long, walking on them 5. We have several hunting reserves, which usually classified as special protected areas. 6. The new factory was rich in new technique that requires delicate appeals. 7. Fleeting finding money funds in the bank leads to complicating documentation. feel great difficulty in work with parents. 9. Reading a novel gives you a mental dip into the life of the patriarchal Russian 10. The dome of the circus is made of sprinkler systems installed cleansing the dome and its cooling - in support of air conditioners, which in the heat inside the building will be pumped coolness. |
3. The writer takes his characters from life. 4. The streets in our city are long, walking on them is not easy. 5. We have several nature reserves, which are usually are among the special protected areas. 6. The new factory has been equipped modern technology that requires skillful handling. 7. Short stay money in the bank complicates documentation. 8. It's no secret that young teachers experiencing serious difficulties in work with parents. 9. Reading a novel mentally immerse yourself in life patriarchal Russian family. 10. The dome of the circus is made of galvanized metal. Upstairs sprinkler systems installed for cooling the dome in strong heat. constant temperature in circus will support air conditioners. |
Exercise 20 Determine the stylistic functions of antonyms and words that receive the opposite meaning in the context.
1. My faithful friend! my enemy is insidious! my king! my slave! native language! (Bruce.) 2. I threw all the past into dust: my heaven, my hell in your eyes (L.). 3. Instantly a young heart burns and goes out. In it, love passes and comes again (P.). 4. And his head after him, like crazy, laughs, rattles: “Ay, knight, ah, hero! Where are you going? hush, hush, stop!" (P.) 5. And your gypsy love was shorter than your terrible caresses (Bl.). 6. Russia - Sphinx. Rejoicing and grieving, And shedding black blood, She looks, looks at you, And with hatred, and with love (Bl.). 7. Everything flies, the Earth flies millions of miles ... Suddenly, yes, flew off-road? And our road: the cradle - the churchyard, May rain - February blizzards (Mark.). 8. I am looking for a way out of the gate, but there is none - there is only an entrance, and that is not the one (Vye.). 9. Between the daily Black Rivers, I thank you brightly, between the thousands of funeral candles - your candle is healthy (Ascension). 10. They remember when they are dead, forgetting when they are alive (Ascension). 11. I met trouble and joy on the road, I laughed, I cried, but time raced ... And much turned into grief, What at first seemed like joy (Gamz.). 12. They go - beautiful and ugly. They go happy, they go sad. So similar, so different. So close, so far... (Hip.) 13. Gold is paid for meanness, For courage - only lead (Moz.). 14. A man of indefinite years entered, with an indefinite physiognomy, at such a time when it is difficult to guess the years: not handsome and not bad, not tall and not short. (Gonch.). 15. It's easy - it's hard to write and speak, but it's easy to write and speak - it's hard (Key.). 16. Life is long enough to have time to correct old delusions, but not short enough not to have time to fall into new ones (Likh.).
Exercise 21 Indicate the stylistic flaws that have arisen as a result of the unjustified use of antonyms (illogicality, ambiguity of the statement, error in constructing the antithesis, unmotivated oxymoron, inappropriate pun, incorrect construction of the antonymic pair, unjustified antiphrase).
1. In February, the decrease in milk yield increases every day. 2. Love and betrayal, courage and cowardice, life and death... This is what Kuliev is filming about. 3. Not cheerful, but not major, this simple motive for some reason sunk into the soul. 4. Pilots of both the strong and the fair sex flocked to the competition. 5. The gulf between the financial situation of the "new Russians" and old pensioners not only did not decrease, but deepened even more. 6. The magazine "Health" is a great helper in life and death. 7. Ivanov is expelled from college due to lack of evidence of diligence. 8. Ivanov's parents show active indifference to their son's behavior. 9. This poplar is called pyramidal because it grows strictly horizontally. 10. These memories are directed not only to the past, but also to the future.
Exercise 22. Specify stylistic devices for creating humor. Distinguish between the phenomena of polysemy and homonymy as a source of word play.
1. He loved students to fall asleep, apparently because they loved to fall asleep at his lectures (March.). 2. The people were, the people are, the people will eat. 3. In matters of honor, he was a dock. And if he borrowed money, then he remembered the sense of duty for a long time (March.). 4. Borrowing money, famous for nothing, he let down his own creditors: they went into mourning for good reason, when he drew a line under life (Kozl.). 5. Oh, you robber, oh, villain, how are you? You undress people when you dress them (March). 6. We are on the eve of a great boom - a rise in prices. 7. With his marksmanship, the athlete hit not only the targets, but also the spectators. 8. My dear doctor in all respects promises me a full recovery. (From gas.). 9. For the production of football heads, legs are more important than goals (Kozl.). 10. What are talents doing? Erect! - Yes, they continue to carry a glorious cart! - What about mediocrity? - They think they make the weather. - And the critics? - Dark. Or they are silent for a year (Kozl.). 11. Dear land, how dear are you to your heart, How wide are your expanses, Why is there so much more torment in your expanses than flour? (Crooked) 12. In love, all means are good. And the larger they are, the better (N. God.).
Exercise 23 Compare offers; analyze the editor's stylistic changes (right column), name the mistakes he corrected. In case of disagreement with the editor, offer your version of the edit.
1. For a year of study, we lost 1. For one academic year from the institute
six students. six students were expelled.
2. The seller can be selected 2. Person for the position of the seller
and in the village itself. can be found among the inhabitants
3. It has long been written that 3. We have already written that the defense of our football teams is playing
commands are lame. poorly.
|
4. In the construction of the colorful factory various construction and assembly organizations. 5. The rainier the year, the more failure cases. 6. For the forest landscapes of the South East Asia is characterized planning animals. 7. If you manage to get to the rear leaders of the herd of bearded men, then you can, jump out onto the trail, shoot stream of animals flowing around you. 8. Looking through the scattered various museums of Ivanov's paintings, marvel at the work you put in gigantic labor. |
4. In the construction of the factory paint industry accept participation of various construction assembly organizations. 5. The rainier the year, the more often there are sinkholes. 6. For the forests of Southeast Asia characterized by animals that jump time plan in the air. 7. Herd of animals can be successful take a picture if you go to him with rear, passing the bearded men - leaders. 8. Carefully studying the paintings Ivanov, located in different museums, you are amazed at the huge the work put in by the artist |
Exercise 24 Make sentences or phrases with paronyms. For help, refer to the dictionaries of the difficulties of the Russian language.
Good - solid, friendly - friendly, defective - defective, design - constructive, effective - effective; fornicate - wander, reflect - display, conduct - produce, present - provide, test - test, hide - hide, condemn - discuss; innovation - novelty, harvest - productivity, being - essence.
Exercise 25 Instead of dots, insert one of the paronyms; motivate your choice.
1. The locomotive, breathing heavily, dragged along the platform, the composition ... (get up- become). 2. Before the meeting... (get up- become) such a fundamental question. 3. New machine testing... (carried out- produced) already the third week. 4. At the end of the production practice, the teacher must give an opinion on the nature and quality of each student ... (carried out- produced) work and... (provided- submitted) report. 5. Youth in our group... (submitted - provided) to herself. 6. In the works of artists and sculptors... (reflect- displayed) work, life and recreation of Transbaikalians. 7. There are many impressions from the trip, but the main thing is exclusively ... (friendly- friendly) the attitude of the French people towards us. 8. People captured by the elements of retreat, not understanding ... (creature - entity) events, often accidentally found themselves among the emigrants. 9. US Skaters... (try out- test) suit made of new synthetic material. 10. These models after (testing- approbation) transferred to series production. 11. At the ticket office they showed their ... (travel- seconded) certificates. 12. It seems to me that I remember ... (face- personality) this man. 13. Furniture was... (dressed- put on) cases. 14. A young actor plays... (main- capital) role in the play "Wolves and Sheep" by A.N. Ostrovsky. 15. Straining the last ... (forces- efforts), we have reached the top of the mountain.
Exercise 26 Specify speech errors resulting from the mixing of paronyms. Eliminate them by choosing the right words.
1. The changes that have taken place in the country over the past ten years are irreversible. 2. Medical institutions carry out differential nutrition of patients. 3. He was a true supporter of the book, the fruits of his educational activities are visible to this day. 4. The third class of apples covers all products not subject to transport over long distances. 5. The foreman said that the shoes of his plant are in great demand among buyers. 6. The first issue of the magazine was greeted with great interest by readers. 7. Approving the documentation, the director puts his signature on it. 8. For this book, the author has collected grateful material. 9. The farmer's agreement with the state farm turned out to be an empty piece of paper. 10. Universal washing powder is also used for washing dishes.
Exercise 27 Give a stylistic assessment of the use of the verb dress; if necessary, correct the sentences.
1. Winter dressed ground with snow. 2. The furniture was dressed up covers, and this gave the room an uninhabited look. 3. After breakfast he dressed son and went outside with him. 4. Mother sick with influenza while breastfeeding baby should dress gauze bandage of four layers of gauze. 5. The cause of the accident was established: the adjuster Konurin incorrectly dressed tube tip. 6. Removable formwork panels dress up on the bars of frame reinforcement.
Exercise 28 Point out the confusion of paronyms, as well as other speech errors in sentences taken from newspaper articles. Correct mistakes by suggesting different variants stylistic editing.
1. That evening, everyone from young to old went to the stadium. They witnessed a duel between hockey players from the plant and employees of the design bureau. 2. More than a hundred people settled in the newly built hostel. 3. It was a strange love. At the first meeting, Dina did not take Umov seriously. 4. Planes have significantly shortened the path from Kamchatka to Yakutsk. 5. Before painting the machine, its surface is treated with a sandblaster. 6. A very voluminous work is being done to collect intersectoral information. 7. In a new textbook decimals did not undergo significant changes. 8. Insects have a well-developed charm. 9. Children take the misbehavior of their parents to heart. 10. The meeting participants strictly discussed those who forget about their duty. 11. The service was not easy at first. 12. He realized that he had become the inert culprit of the death of a comrade.
Exercise 29 Compare offers; indicate what caused the lexical substitutions, what errors the editor eliminated; in case of disagreement with him, give your options for stylistic editing. When exercising, use explanatory dictionaries Russian language and dictionaries of paronyms.
|
1. The flu is highly contagious, so it cannot be carried on foot. 2. It is necessary to vaccinate the child rules of personal hygiene handling animals. gingerbread with the names of new varieties: "Moscow", "Chocolate", "Russian". They possess excellent qualities. 4. Create a well-fed wintering for animal husbandry is the first priority 5. Not seeking foreign efficiency leads the writer's pen, and desire deeper and brighter to reveal the meaning what is happening. 6. Title theme created writer in these years of works - the struggle of his people for freedom and independence. 7. Studying the personality of the actor, make-up artist the first one penetrates his soul 8. Did not have time to ring the church city square. |
1. Influenza is a contagious disease, so patients should be isolated. 2. It is necessary to teach the child to wash hands after he played with cat or dog. 3. This quarter we started releasing new high quality varieties gingerbread: "Moscow", "Chocolate", "Russian". 4. Now the main task of farmers is provide livestock with fodder for the winter. 5. Don't chase external effects guides the writer's pen, and the desire penetrate deeper into the essence depicted events. 6. The main theme created by the writer in these years of works - the struggle of it people for freedom and independence. 7. Studying the face of the actor, the make-up artist is the first enters his spiritual world. 8. I didn’t have time to ring the church bell as the people moved towards city square. |
Exercise 30. In an excerpt from V. Rasputin's story "Farewell to Matera" (the text is abbreviated), highlight the nouns that perform an expressive function. Evaluate the stylistic use of gender and number forms of nouns.
Matera, and the island and the village, could not be imagined without this larch on the cattle. She towered and was led among everything else, like a shepherd is led among a flock of sheep that scattered across the pasture ... But no one, even if five times literate, dared to say “she” about this tree; no, it was he, the "royal leaf" - so forever, mighty and domineering he stood on a hillock half a verst from the village ...
Over the course of his lifetime, he dropped so many needles and cones that the earth around him rose up in a light mound, bending under his foot, from which a mighty, unreachable trunk was carried out.
And not far away, about twenty meters closer to the Angara, stood a birch tree, still green, giving leaves, but already old and dead. Only she once decided to rise next to the formidable "royal foliage". And he pardoned her, did not live. Perhaps their underground roots converged, they knew agreement, but here, in plain sight, he seemed to endure an accidental, stray birch only out of his great and capricious mercy.
And then the day came when strangers approached him, the "royal foliage". It was no longer day, but evening, the sun had set, and twilight was descending on the island. These people were returning from their usual work...
The one that went first, with a swing, trying the foliage, hit the butt of the ax on the trunk and barely held the ax, jerking his head back in fear - with such force he springed back.
Wow! - the man was amazed. - What a beast! We are for you, the beast ... We have twice two four. They didn't see those...
He threw aside the useless ax and began to gather and break with his feet the branches lying around, folding them crosswise under the hollow niche. His comrade silently, still with the same yawning, poured gasoline from the canister on the barrel and sprinkled the rest on the prepared fire. He put the canister behind him and struck a match. The fire immediately seized, rose and swept the trunk.
But in the morning, when they went to the lower edge of the island, where there was still work, the leaves stood as if nothing had happened in their place.
The brigadier, by the way the most nondescript of all, but with a mustache, so as not to look like a boy, lifted his head up:
Healthy infection! They won't accept. Need to do something.
Need a saw.
Dilute hotter, and puffs like a pretty one. Need more goryuchki.
The fire danced, danced, and began, after licking off the gasoline, to slide down and separate from the tree, as if the air was burning all around, and the leaves under some kind of reliable protective armor remained unharmed.
Exercise 31 Analyze examples of the author's editing of A.S. Pushkin, A.P. Chekhov, A.I. Kuprin. Try to explain what caused the exclusion of certain adjectives from the text (they are given in brackets), the introduction of new ones (they are in italics), the replacement of some adjectives by others. Give an assessment of the stylistic use of adjectives by Russian writers.
I. 1. Lisa entered the dusk of the grove. (indistinct) deaf erratic the noise of her welcomed the girl. 2. In one minute, the neighborhood disappeared into a muddy and yellowish mist. 3. Before him was a plain, paved with (clean) white wavy carpet. 4. And the (kind) owner of Kistenevka for the last time crossed the threshold of his house. 5. Spread out in front of the house (oval) deep green a meadow where (beautiful) (stately) Swiss cows grazed. 6. (Glorious preacher) The young bishop delivered the eulogy. 7. But prejudiced Ibrahim either did not notice anything, or saw only (awkward) coquetry. 8. The floor was upholstered with (huge) green cloth and covered with (Persian) carpets (P.).
II. 1. Father Andrei entered with his cunning smile. 2. (They said that she [Anya] ...) They condemned her for marrying (for money) the unloved, boring, boring person. 3. Egorushka decided that Dymov was a very (bad) evil person (Ch.).
III. 1. Chekhov ... broke out cute, sincere and deep laughter. 2. Laughed with his loud (sincere) clear with fur. 3. He demanded ordinary writers worldly plots. 4. The whole amount of his (life) (huge) big And heavy worldly experience, all his sorrows, sorrows, joys and disappointments were expressed ... in a dream ... of happiness. 5. Amazing delicacy, sensitivity and attention, but never out of the box (simple) ordinary, as if deliberately everyday relationships. 6. How often did he have to listen to difficult confessions, help in word and deed, stretch out his tender And hard hand. 7. I remember now very vividly shaking his big, dry and hot arms. 8. In good warm in the morning he could be seen on the bench behind the house. 9. In his stories, the professor speaks and thinks exactly like (typical) old professor, and a tramp - like a true tramp (Kupr.).
Exercise 32. Evaluate the use of relative adjectives. Watch how their figurative and expressive capabilities are enhanced (by metaphorization, giving them qualitative shades, forming from them degrees of comparison, short forms, forms of subjective assessment, explaining them with comparisons, etc.).
1. She has the most continuous strife with her mistress (Vost.). 2. Foggy morning, gray morning, sad fields covered with snow (T.). 3. The moon is somewhere behind the city, the river under its shadow is black and velvet (M.G.). 4. Indescribably beautiful is its [fire] magnificent, hardly noticeable to the eye trembling, creating a magical picture of a fiery city in the desert of the sky and the ocean (M.G.). 5. Spring day is hot and golden (Sev.). 6. The dawn of this day was completely winter - reluctant, gray (Fed.). 7. Lisa's hair was as airy as ever (Fed.). 8. Oh, I can endure everything, because I have an iron will! (Leek.). 9. Your brother is wooden, wooden ... His brains are kind of straight (Leon.). 10. Faces become stone, trembling runs through the candles. (Past.). 11. And you know that no one has been more separated than us in this world (A.A.). 12. And yet, their shoes were a little more fashionable than ours, official ones, and their shirts were whiter than ours, snow-white, and their briefcases were more luxurious, and fountain pens were more foreign than ours (Rec.).
Exercise 33. In an excerpt from the story of I.S. Turgenev "Lgov" determine the aesthetic function of various parts of speech in the process of figurative concretization. Analyzing the content of the text, show how the increase in the dynamism of action is reflected in the use of nominal and verbal forms. Name the verbs that convey the dynamics of the struggle, hunting, and the verbs that depict a gesture, human behavior; indicate their grammatical features (type, mood, tense, etc.). Evaluate the stylistic use of verbs.
A quarter of an hour later we were already sitting in Kitchok's plank ... At the blunt, rear end, Knotty stood and "shoved"; Vladimir and I sat on the crossbar of the boat; Yermolai fit in front, at the very nose. Despite the tow, water soon appeared under our feet. Fortunately, the weather was calm and the pond seemed to be asleep.
We sailed rather slowly. The old man with difficulty pulled his long pole out of the viscous mud, all tangled with green threads of underwater grasses; solid, round leaves of marsh lilies also interfered with the course of our boat. Finally we got to the reeds, and the fun began. Ducks rose noisily, “fell off” from the pond, frightened by our unexpected appearance in their possessions, shots rang out in unison after them, and it was fun to see how these short-haired birds tumbled in the air and splashed heavily on the water. Of course, we did not get all the ducks we shot: the easily wounded ones dived; others, killed on the spot, fell into such a thick meyer that even Yermolai's lynx eyes could not open them; but still, by dinnertime, our boat was overflowing with game.
Vladimir, to Yermolai's great consolation, did not shoot very well, and after each unsuccessful shot he was surprised, examined and blew the gun, was perplexed, and, finally, told us the reason why he missed. Yermolai fired, as always, victoriously, I - rather badly, as usual. The knot looked at us ... occasionally shouted: “Out, there’s another duck!” - and now and then scratched his back - not with his hands, but with his shoulders set in motion. The weather was beautiful: white round clouds flew high and quietly above us, clearly reflected in the water; the reeds rustled all around; the pond in places, like steel, sparkled in the sun. We were about to return to the village, when suddenly a rather unpleasant incident happened to us.
Exercise 34 Rearrange the sentences in such a way that the affirmation or negation expressed in them acquires an amplifying, expressive character.
1. Bankers and regional authorities are interested in close cooperation. 2. The bank's bill program is working successfully. 3. The scope of this cooperation will expand. 4. The champion was not taken aback after the first defeat. 5. Not every foreigner will decide in our time to "do business" in Russia. 6. Smuggling reduces the cost of cigarettes. 7. The absence of customs borders with Belarus damages the Russian budget.
Exercise 35 For the given sentences, give all synonymic syntactic variants, using different types two-part and one-part sentences. When compiling synonymous options, try to keep the meaning of the original sentence; make a comparative stylistic analysis of synonymous sentences.
Sample: I read the book with pleasure.- I read the book with pleasure.- Book! It cannot be read without pleasure.- Reading a book is a pleasure.- The book is a pleasure to read.- The book is read with pleasure. - I am reading today: an interesting book etc.
1. The weather seems to be starting to deteriorate. 2. I would like to spend a day off with my friends. 3. I am writing these lines in an airplane flying over the Atlantic Ocean. 4. Finishing work on this composition, the sculptor suddenly thought if he should have worked so hard. 5. A lyrical hero cannot but look like a poet.
Exercise 36. Replace all one-part and incomplete sentences with synonymous constructions, preserving, if possible, the meaning and vocabulary of the original. Make a comparative analysis of the received pairs of sentences and give a stylistic assessment of the options used by the author of the article.
Description of the presentation on individual slides:
1 slide
Description of the slide:
MBOU - Kivaevskaya secondary school Project In the world of synonyms The authors of the project are 4th grade student Iskandarov Yusup, teacher Akhremtseva Lyudmila Dmitrievna
2 slide
Description of the slide:
Goals and objectives of the project. Show that the choice of the desired synonym and its correct use - necessary condition bright, expressive and precise speech. Distinguish synonyms from each other Investigate the role of synonyms in the language of works of art; Learn to work independently with various literature and dictionaries.
3 slide
Description of the slide:
Problems of the project Choosing the right synonym and its correct use is a necessary condition for bright, expressive and accurate speech. Learn to admire the ability of Russian writers and poets to use words as synonyms, from which the author had to choose one, the most accurate.
4 slide
Description of the slide:
Hypothesis I suppose that if speech is enriched with synonyms, then it becomes bright, expressive, precise, emotional.
5 slide
Description of the slide:
Relevance of the study Synonyms make speech more literary and elegant. If we repeat the same word all the time, for example, the word writer, then this will irritate the reader, like the sound of scratching on glass. The wrong choice of a word makes the speech inaccurate, and sometimes distorts the meaning of the statement, for example, the weather accompanied a good rest (instead of favorable); Martens will soon have an inheritance (meaning offspring); At the entrance exam to the Academy of Printing Arts, the young man wrote in an essay: “I know that the ancestors of A.S. Pushkin are still alive” (of course, he meant the descendants of the poet).
6 slide
Description of the slide:
Ridiculous statements in such cases give the phrase a comical sound. You can write and say stale bread, loaf; callous person, but you can’t say “stale candy” (chocolate), “stale comrade”. You can't keep repeating: he said, she said. Language provides us with other possibilities: whispered, said, shouted, shouted, objected.
7 slide
Description of the slide:
Thanks to synonyms, we have the opportunity to avoid the same words and phrases in speech and at the same time retain the desired meaning.
8 slide
Description of the slide:
What are synonyms? Synonyms are words belonging to the same part of speech that sound and are spelled differently, but are the same or very close in meaning.
9 slide
Description of the slide:
Synonyms work differently, making our speech accurate and expressive. Some convey subtle shades of meaning, other types of synonyms allow us to see speaking loftily or rudely dismissively, benevolently or ironically (grandmother-old woman), officially or not officially (depart-leave). The word boy can be used in any case without expressing your attitude , and the word kid is only in a casual, familiar conversation.
10 slide
Description of the slide:
What is the difference between the synonyms of the language from each other. The synonyms of the language differ from each other in their usage. Eyes, eyes, pupils, peepers are nouns denoting the organ of vision, but only the words of the eye are now commonly used; the eye is a poetic word, the pupils are old, and the peepers are colloquial. There are also semantic differences between these words: only large beautiful eyes can be called eyes, peepers, on the contrary, eyes are small or inexpressive, and the word eyes is suitable in all cases.
11 slide
Description of the slide:
Sometimes, by the synonym used, one can determine the profession of a person: a hunter will call a wolf's tail a log, and a baker will say that bread needs to be baked, not baked.
12 slide
Description of the slide:
Synonyms in the speech of classmates. Do we use synonyms? For our project, we conducted a stylistic experiment. The students were offered the following text, in which the word "said" had to be replaced with synonyms, without repeating. In total, it occurs 32 times in the text. Tell yourself. I met a young writer. Do you want me to read you my new story? - he said. “Of course,” I said. - Do you like? he said when he finished reading. "I'll tell you the truth," I said. "Tell me," he said. - First of all, you have “I said” and “I said” on every line, I told him. “Now you can say “he said” and “I said,” he said. “Secondly, you have nothing to say,” I said. “I said everything I wanted to say,” he said. “It’s better not to say anything like that,” I said. - Well, what can I say about a person with such taste? - he said. “I said what I thought,” I said. “They told me the truth that you are a cretin,” he said. - Repeat what you said? - I said. “He said what he said,” he said. - Will you say another word? - I said. "I'll tell you more," he said. - Well, what can you say! - I said to myself, - it is useless to talk to him: he will still say that everything he said is indisputable. Now tell me yourself: didn't I tell him the truth? The experiment involved 10 people. We got the results:
13 slide
Description of the slide:
14 slide
Description of the slide:
Unfortunately, no one coped with this work one hundred percent. Pupils use in their speech “speaking verbs” of both book and colloquial styles: say, speak, ask, express, speak out, rant, mutter, be interested, explain, reason, interpret, weave, sculpt, repeat, add, philosophize, pronounce , to babble, to say, to exclaim, to ask, to pray, to remember, to criticize, to report, to admire, to orate, to shout, to yell, to yell, to scold, to bazaar, to mumble, to whisper, to chat, to slurp, to blurt out, to twang, to mumble, to fence, to bark; phraseological units synonymous with them: grind nonsense, scratch with the tongue, scratch in writing, catch on with the tongue, dissolve the tongue.
15 slide
Description of the slide:
The role of synonyms in the language of works of art. Not all word meanings are equally known to all speakers. Therefore, in the speech of different persons who have mastered the rules of synonymic rapprochement allowed by the literary norm in different ways, unequal speech synonymy may occur. For example, the word vegetate. It has two meanings: 1) to grow, grow, and 2) to lead an empty, aimless existence. In the first sense, the verb to vegetate is now used very rarely. The verb is usually used in spoken language with the meaning of being very cold. In this meaning, it enters into synonymous relations not only with its prefix to chill, but also with the word freeze, although this the last word, in turn, means not only to become very cold, but also to die from the cold.
16 slide
Tell yourself
I met a young writer.
Do you want me to read you my new story? - he said.
Of course, I said.
Do you like? he said, having finished reading.
I'll tell you the truth, I said.
Tell me, he said.
First of all, you have “I said” and “he said” on every line, I said.
Now you can say “he said” and “I said,” he said.
Second, you have nothing to say, I said.
I said everything I wanted to say, he said.
It's better not to say that at all," I said.
Well, what to say about a person with such taste? - he said.
I said what I thought, I said.
They told me the truth that you are a cretin,” he said.
Repeat what you said? - I said.
He said what he said, he said.
Will you say another word? - I said.
More to say, he said.
Well, what can you say! I said to myself. Now tell me yourself: did I tell him a lie?
Exercise 15
Replace the highlighted words with synonyms, while trying to strengthen their meaning, to give the statement more emotionality.
1. This picture surprised me. 2. The landscape was very beautiful. 3. The stranger seemed to him a man unkind. 4. Nikolai Lukyanovich wanted to be in time, he was walking fast. 5.
Irina rejoiced. 6. Girl crying, begging for help. 7. This could only be done unintelligent human. 8. It takes a lot to figure it out work. 9. Don't try me deceive. 10. Can be offered many options for solving this problem.
Exercise 16
Find synonyms for the following words (refer to synonym dictionaries for help).
Fragrance, poor, stupid, do, think, eat, cruel, dwelling, why, brief, dexterous, many, new, frankly, charm, very, become famous, ask, smart, walk, enthusiasm, clear.
Exercise 17
Specify the stylistic functions of synonyms.
1. This is the steppe, this is the tenth century, this is not freedom, this is will! (L.T.). 2. With what rapture, delight, he mentions the birds that he sees in the prison window and which he did not notice before when he was a minister (Ch.). Ulya had not eyes, but eyes (Fad.). 4. It seemed to me that I would strengthen, strengthen, bring my old love for ordinary land to the limit only by experiencing the despair of these barren spaces (Paust.). 5. Yes, there are words that burn like a flame that shine far and deep - to the bottom, but their substitution with words can be equal to treason (Tv.). 6. Far away, comrade, you are leaving - goodbye ... Maybe goodbye! (Meadow.). 7. And then a smile appeared on the lips of Mona Lisa, it was a smile, not a smile (Nagib.). 8. Mouth and lips - their essence is not one. And the eyes are not peepers at all! Some have access to depth, others ... - deep plates (Mark.). 9. My comrades burned in tanks to ashes, to ash, to ashes (Sluts.). 10. There were many mountains, they left the shore ridge after ridge and looked out from behind each other with many peaks of different heights, making the area decorative, fabulous, unreal (Nik.). 11. But I robbed you, damn it, robbed you! Because I stole from you! (Ch.) 12. How young he was then! How often and intoxicatedly he laughed - he just laughed, but did not laugh (O.B.).
Exercise 18
Indicate the errors resulting from the inaccurate choice of synonyms (use of words without taking into account their semantics, violation of lexical compatibility, unjustified use of stylistically colored vocabulary), as well as syllable errors resulting from the inability to use synonyms (repetition of words, tautology, pleonasm, errors in creating gradation ). Correct the suggestions.
1. It is necessary to bring this work to the end, to finish, to complete. 2. Life in our gymnasium continues to boil and rage. 3. The knowledge of this student is very modest, mediocre. 4. Poor quality, poor performance of homework by students interferes with the solid assimilation of educational material. 5. Let's hope that the new furniture in the classrooms will last a long time. 6. I call everyone who worked on the construction of the station enthusiasts, and for good reason: they spent two shifts at the construction site. 7. Slowness and sluggishness in preparation for the construction season are unacceptable. 8. Floating facilities - boats and motors for them - must be repaired in advance, verified, debugged, in a word, brought to full readiness. 9. Among Russian writers who wrote about art, Stasov is a huge, unique and unique figure, unusually remarkable. 10. On the warm sand of this wild Pacific coast, my bare feet left deep prints, which were immediately erased by the oncoming waves. 11. Mistakes and omissions made by the investigating authorities and resulting in the failure of the investigation are explained as follows. 12. You ask why children's interest in reading has collapsed so much. Take an interest in the elders, who do not come into contact with the book at all.
Exercise 19 Compare the unedited (left column) and the edited proposals. What bugs did the editor fix? In case of disagreement with him, offer your own version of stylistic editing.
| 3. The writer draws his characters from reality itself. 4. Streets in our city long, walking on them 5. We have several hunting reserves, which usually classified as special protected areas. 6. The new factory was rich in new technique that requires delicate appeals. 7. Fleeting finding money funds in the bank leads to complicating documentation. feel great difficulty in work with parents. 9. Reading a novel gives you a mental dip into the life of the patriarchal Russian 10. The dome of the circus is made of sprinkler systems installed cleansing the dome and its cooling - in support of air conditioners, which in the heat inside the building will be pumped coolness. | 3. The writer takes his characters from life. 4. The streets in our city are long, walking on them is not easy. nature reserves, which are usually are among the special protected areas. 6. The new factory has been equipped modern technology that requires skillful handling. 7. Short stay money in the bank complicates documentation. 8. It's no secret that young teachers experiencing serious difficulties in work with parents. 9. Reading a novel mentally immerse yourself in life patriarchal Russian family. 10. The dome of the circus is made of galvanized metal. Upstairs sprinkler systems installed for cooling the dome in strong heat. constant temperature in circus will support air conditioners. |
Exercise 20
Determine the stylistic functions of antonyms and words that receive the opposite meaning in the context.
1. My faithful friend! my enemy is insidious! my king! my slave! native language! (Bruce.) 2. I threw all the past into dust: my heaven, my hell in your eyes (L.). 3. Instantly a young heart burns and goes out. In it, love passes and comes again (P.). 4. And his head after him, like crazy, laughs, rattles: “Ay, knight, ah, hero! Where are you going? hush, hush, stop!" (P.) 5. And your gypsy love was shorter than your terrible caresses (Bl.). 6. Russia - Sphinx. Rejoicing and grieving, And shedding black blood, She looks, looks at you, And with hatred, and with love (Bl.). 7. Everything flies, the Earth flies millions of miles ... Suddenly, yes, flew off-road? And our road: the cradle - the churchyard, May rain - February blizzards (Mark.). 8. I am looking for a way out of the gate, but there is none - there is only an entrance, and that is not the one (Vye.). 9. Between the daily Black Rivers, I thank you brightly, between the thousands of funeral candles - your candle is healthy (Ascension). 10. They remember when they are dead, forgetting when they are alive (Ascension). 11. I met trouble and joy on the road, I laughed, I cried, but time raced ... And much turned into grief, What at first seemed like joy (Gamz.). 12. They go - beautiful and ugly. They go happy, they go sad. So similar, so different. So close, so far... (Hip.) 13. Gold is paid for meanness, For courage - only lead (Moz.). 14. A man of indefinite years entered, with an indefinite physiognomy, at such a time when it is difficult to guess the years: not handsome and not bad, not tall and not short. (Gonch.). 15. It's easy - it's hard to write and speak, but it's easy to write and speak - it's hard (Key.). 16. Life is long enough to have time to correct old delusions, but not short enough not to have time to fall into new ones (Likh.).
Exercise 21
Indicate the stylistic flaws that have arisen as a result of the unjustified use of antonyms (illogicality, ambiguity of the statement, error in constructing the antithesis, unmotivated oxymoron, inappropriate pun, incorrect construction of the antonymic pair, unjustified antiphrase).
1. In February, the decrease in milk yield increases every day. 2. Love and betrayal, courage and cowardice, life and death... This is what Kuliev is filming about. 3. Not cheerful, but not major, this simple motive for some reason sunk into the soul. 4. Pilots of both the strong and the fair sex flocked to the competition. 5. The gap between financial position"New Russians" and old pensioners not only did not decrease, but deepened even more. 6. The magazine "Health" is a great helper in life and death. 7. Ivanov is expelled from college due to lack of evidence of diligence. 8. Ivanov's parents show active indifference to their son's behavior. 9. This poplar is called pyramidal because it grows strictly horizontally. 10. These memories are directed not only to the past, but also to the future.
Exercise 22.
Specify stylistic devices for creating humor. Distinguish between the phenomena of polysemy and homonymy as a source of word play.
1. He loved students to fall asleep, apparently because they loved to fall asleep at his lectures (March.). 2. The people were, the people are, the people will eat. 3. In matters of honor, he was a dock. And if he borrowed money, then he remembered the sense of duty for a long time (March.). 4. Borrowing money, famous for nothing, he let down his own creditors: they went into mourning for good reason, when he drew a line under life (Kozl.). 5. Oh, you robber, oh, villain, how are you? You undress people when you dress them (March). 6. We are on the eve of a great boom - a rise in prices. 7. With his marksmanship, the athlete hit not only the targets, but also the spectators. 8. My dear doctor in all respects promises me a full recovery. (From gas.). 9. For the production of football heads, legs are more important than goals (Kozl.). 10. What are talents doing? Erect! - Yes, they continue to carry a glorious cart! - What about mediocrity? - They think they make the weather. - And the critics? - Dark. Or they are silent for a year (Kozl.). 11. Dear land, how dear are you to your heart, How wide are your expanses, Why is there so much more torment in your expanses than flour? (Crooked) 12. In love, all means are good. And the larger they are, the better (N. God.).
Exercise 23
Compare offers; analyze the editor's stylistic changes (right column), name the mistakes he corrected. In case of disagreement with the editor, offer your version of the edit.
1. For a year of study, we lost 1. For one academic year from the institute
six students. six students were expelled.
2. The seller can be selected 2. Person for the position of the seller
and in the village itself. can be found among the inhabitants
3. It has long been written that 3. We have already written that the defense of our football teams is playing
commands are lame. poorly.
| 4. In the construction of the colorful factory various construction and assembly organizations. failure cases. 6. For the forest landscapes of the South East Asia is characterized planning animals. 7. If you manage to get to the rear leaders of the herd of bearded men, then you can, jump out onto the trail, shoot stream of animals flowing around you. 8. Looking through the scattered various museums of Ivanov's paintings, marvel at the work you put in gigantic labor. | 4. In the construction of the factory paint industry accept participation of various construction assembly organizations. 5. The rainier the year, the more often there are sinkholes. 6. For the forests of Southeast Asia characterized by animals that jump time plan in the air. 7. Herd of animals can be successful take a picture if you go to him with rear, passing the bearded men - leaders. 8. Carefully studying the paintings Ivanov, located in different museums, you are amazed at the huge the work put in by the artist paintings. |
Exercise 24
Make sentences or phrases with paronyms. For help, refer to the dictionaries of the difficulties of the Russian language.
Good - solid, friendly - friendly, defective - defective, design - constructive, effective - effective; fornicate - wander, reflect - display, conduct - produce, present - provide, test - test, hide - hide, condemn - discuss; innovation - novelty, harvest - productivity, being - essence.
Exercise 25
Instead of dots, insert one of the paronyms; motivate your choice.
1. The locomotive, breathing heavily, dragged along the platform, the composition ... (get up- become). 2. Before the meeting... (get up- become) such a fundamental question. 3. New machine testing... (carried out- produced) already the third week. 4. At the end of the production practice, the teacher must give an opinion on the nature and quality of each student ... (carried out- produced) work and... (provided- submitted) report. 5. Youth in our group... (submitted - provided) to herself. 6. In the works of artists and sculptors... (reflect- displayed) work, life and recreation of Transbaikalians. 7. There are many impressions from the trip, but the main thing is exclusively ... (friendly- friendly) the attitude of the French people towards us. 8. People captured by the elements of retreat, not understanding ... (creature - entity) events, often accidentally found themselves among the emigrants. 9. US Skaters... (try out- test) suit made of new synthetic material. 10. These models after (testing- approbation) transferred to series production. 11. At the ticket office they showed their ... (travel- seconded) certificates. 12. It seems to me that I remember ... (face- personality) this man. 13. Furniture was... (dressed- put on) cases. 14. A young actor plays... (main- capital) role in the play "Wolves and Sheep" by A.N. Ostrovsky. 15. Straining the last ... (forces- efforts), we have reached the top of the mountain.
Exercise 26
Indicate the speech errors resulting from the mixing of paronyms. Eliminate them by choosing the right words.
1. The changes that have taken place in the country over the past ten years are irreversible. 2. Medical institutions carry out differential nutrition of patients. 3. He was a true supporter of the book, the fruits of his educational activities are visible to this day. 4. The third class of apples covers all products not subject to transport over long distances. 5. The foreman said that the shoes of his plant are in great demand among buyers. 6. The first issue of the magazine was greeted with great interest by readers. 7. Approving the documentation, the director puts his signature on it. 8. For this book, the author has collected grateful material. 9. The farmer's agreement with the state farm turned out to be an empty piece of paper. 10. Universal washing powder is also used for washing dishes.
Exercise 27
Give a stylistic assessment of the use of the verb dress; if necessary, correct the sentences.
1. Winter dressed ground with snow. 2. The furniture was dressed up covers, and this gave the room an uninhabited look. 3. After breakfast he dressed son and went outside with him. 4. A mother with influenza should dress gauze bandage of four layers of gauze. 5. The cause of the accident was established: the adjuster Konurin incorrectly dressed tube tip. 6. Shields removable formwork dress up on the bars of frame reinforcement.
Exercise 28
Point out the confusion of paronyms, as well as other speech errors in sentences taken from newspaper articles. Correct mistakes by suggesting different stylistic corrections.
1. That evening, everyone from young to old went to the stadium. They witnessed a duel between hockey players from the plant and employees of the design bureau. 2. More than a hundred people settled in the newly built hostel. 3. It was a strange love. At the first meeting, Dina did not take Umov seriously. 4. Planes have significantly shortened the path from Kamchatka to Yakutsk. 5. Before painting the machine, its surface is treated with a sandblaster. 6. A very voluminous work is being done to collect intersectoral information. 7. In the new textbook, decimal fractions have not undergone significant changes. 8. Insects have a well-developed charm. 9. Children take the misbehavior of their parents to heart. 10. The meeting participants strictly discussed those who forget about their duty. 11. The service was not easy at first. 12. He realized that he had become the inert culprit of the death of a comrade.
Exercise 29
Compare offers; indicate what caused the lexical substitutions, what errors the editor eliminated; in case of disagreement with him, give your options for stylistic editing. When doing the exercise, use explanatory dictionaries of the Russian language and dictionaries of paronyms.
| 1. The flu is highly contagious, so it cannot be carried on foot. rules of personal hygiene handling animals. gingerbread with the names of new varieties: "Moscow", "Chocolate", "Russian". They possess excellent qualities. 4. Create a well-fed wintering for animal husbandry is the first priority 5. Not seeking foreign efficiency leads the writer's pen, and desire deeper and brighter to reveal the meaning what is happening. 6. Title theme created writer in these years of works - the struggle of his people for freedom and independence. 7. Studying the personality of the actor, make-up artist the first one penetrates his soul 8. Did not have time to ring the church city square. | 1. Influenza is a contagious disease, so patients should be isolated. 2. It is necessary to teach the child to wash hands after he played with cat or dog. 3. This quarter we started releasing new high quality varieties gingerbread: "Moscow", "Chocolate", "Russian". provide livestock with fodder for the winter. guides the writer's pen, and the desire penetrate deeper into the essence depicted events. 6. The main theme created by the writer in these years of works - the struggle of it people for freedom and independence. enters his spiritual world. bell as the people moved towards city square. |
Exercise 30.
In an excerpt from V. Rasputin's story "Farewell to Matera" (the text is abbreviated), highlight the nouns that perform an expressive function. Evaluate the stylistic use of gender and number forms of nouns.
Matera, and the island and the village, could not be imagined without this larch on the cattle. She towered and was led among everything else, like a shepherd is led among a flock of sheep that scattered across the pasture ... But no one, even if five times literate, dared to say “she” about this tree; no, it was he, the "royal leaf" - so forever, mighty and domineering he stood on a hillock half a verst from the village ...
Over the course of his lifetime, he dropped so many needles and cones that the earth around him rose up in a light mound, bending under his foot, from which a mighty, unreachable trunk was carried out.
And not far away, about twenty meters closer to the Angara, stood a birch tree, still green, giving leaves, but already old and dead. Only she once decided to rise next to the formidable "royal foliage". And he pardoned her, did not live. Perhaps their underground roots converged, they knew agreement, but here, in plain sight, he seemed to endure an accidental, stray birch only out of his great and capricious mercy.
And then the day came when strangers approached him, the "royal foliage". It was no longer day, but evening, the sun had set, and twilight was descending on the island. These people were returning from their usual work...
The one that went first, with a swing, trying the foliage, hit the butt of the ax on the trunk and barely held the ax, jerking his head back in fear - with such force he springed back.
Wow! - the man was amazed. - What a beast! We are for you, the beast ... We have twice two four. They didn't see those...
He threw aside the useless ax and began to gather and break with his feet the branches lying around, folding them crosswise under the hollow niche. His comrade silently, still with the same yawning, poured gasoline from the canister on the barrel and sprinkled the rest on the prepared fire. He put the canister behind him and struck a match. The fire immediately seized, rose and swept the trunk.
But in the morning, when they went to the lower edge of the island, where there was still work, the leaves stood as if nothing had happened in their place.
The brigadier, by the way the most nondescript of all, but with a mustache, so as not to look like a boy, lifted his head up:
Healthy infection! They won't accept. Need to do something.
Need a saw.
Dilute hotter, and puffs like a pretty one. Need more goryuchki.
The fire danced, danced, and began, after licking off the gasoline, to slide down and separate from the tree, as if the air was burning all around, and the leaves under some kind of reliable protective armor remained unharmed.
Exercise 31
Analyze examples of the author's editing of A.S. Pushkin, A.P. Chekhov, A.I. Kuprin. Try to explain what caused the exclusion of certain adjectives from the text (they are given in brackets), the introduction of new ones (they are in italics), the replacement of some adjectives by others. Give an assessment of the stylistic use of adjectives by Russian writers.
