Verbs in English. Conjugation of weak verbs. Schwacheverben Forms of Regular English Verbs

WORD ORDER IN ENGLISH

The three most important laws of English grammar.

1. In an English affirmative and negative sentence, the direct word order is: SUBJECT-Predicate.
The subject and predicate are obligatory members of the sentence.
In impersonal sentences, a formal subject is introduced, most often the pronoun it, which is not
translated into Russian: It is autumn - Autumn. It "s getting dark. - It's getting dark
2. The negative particle NOT is in the third place in the sentence.
3. In an interrogative sentence, the SUBJECT is never the first word in the sentence.

VERB FORMS

The verb in English has three main forms, called the first, second and third - I, II and III.
1) The initial form of the verb V1.
This is the form given in the dictionary.
2) Form Past Simple V2.
It is used only in affirmative sentences of the Past Simple tense (simple past). I went. He
saw. We played.
According to the method of formation of the second and third forms, English verbs are divided into 2 groups.
- Correct / Regular (obey the rule)
- Irregular / Irregular (the rule is not obeyed)
Irregular verbs must be memorized in three forms at once.
The second form of regular verbs is formed with the ending -ed, which is added to the first form
verb V1.
V1+ed=V2 (for regular verbs) Ex.: They played yesterday.
When forming V2, the following spelling rules must be observed:
1. If the ending -e is omitted when adding the ending -ed, the letter -e is omitted.
close+ed=closed; like+ed=liked;
2. If the verb ends in -y, which is preceded by a consonant, then when adding the ending -ed
the letter -y changes to -i.
try+ed=tried; cry+ed=cried;
! If the -y is preceded by a vowel, then no change is required.
3. If in monosyllabic and disyllabic verbs the vowel sound is short, then the final consonant is doubled.
skip+ed=skipped; stop+ed=stopped;
3) Past Participle V3.
For regular verbs, V2 and V3 are the same. Irregular verbs have irregular shapes, they need
memorize.
4) Present Participle V+ing.
1. If the verb is written in -e, then
writing+ing=writing; come+ing=coming;
2. If a monosyllabic or two-syllable verb ends in a consonant, and it is preceded by a short vowel,
then the final consonant is doubled.
sit+ing=sitting; swim+ing=swimming; run=ing=running;
3. If the verb ends in -y, then adding the ending -ing does not change the letter -y, regardless of
whether it is preceded by a vowel or a consonant.
try+ing=trying; cry+ing=crying; play+ing=playing;

I (Infinitive) V1 - be
II (Past Simple) V2/Ved - was, were
III (Past Participle) V3/Ved - been
IV (Present Participle) Ving - being

Varieties of the verb get

The get verb is so important that it needs to be discussed separately. It has a lot of different meanings (like
independent, and together with prepositions), perhaps he is the champion in this indicator.

1) Remember? I got a car. I have a car. Let me remind you that the verb get is wrong!
get - got - got (gotten) Gotten is extremely rare. I have got a car = I have a car. Or you can:
I've got a car. Here you can not put got at all! Also with she/He/It - He has got a car = He has a car =
He's got a car.

2) get, get, get. Syn. (synonyms) receive , obtain. If you choose between receive and get ,
it is better of course - get. I got a message. I received a message (= I received a message)
How did you get this rare book? How did you get this rare book?

3) find. Syn. find. Hello, can I speak to Liz? sure. I'll get her. Can I speak to Liz? Certainly,
I will find her.
Is it difficult to get a job these days? = Is it difficult to find a job these days? Difficult to find a job
these days?

4) buy. Syn. buy, purchase. I like your sweater. Where did you get it? I like your sweater.
Where did you buy it?

5) get to, arrive (get to a place) Syn. arrive. I usually get to work before 8.30 (=arrive at
work)
I usually get (arrive) to work before 8.30. ! Stable expressions: get to work and go to work . But!
go home. In the latter case, it is necessary without a pretext! Like get home get home
What time did you get home last night? What time did you get home?
get here/there (always without a preposition)

6) understand, catch, "cut through". Syn. understand. Do you get what I mean? See through what I have in
mind? I got it! I got it (got it)

7) If we see such a structure - get + adjective, comparative adjective. This means -
become, become. Get late / angry / hungry / taller / better etc. If it comes next
adjective in a superlative degree or a noun, then get cannot be put in the meaning,
only become. For example: become a teacher, become the best. As stated earlier, the meaning is
to become, to become - as if indicating some kind of change, or a transition from one state to
other. Such a scheme:
I'm not hungry (3 hours have passed)
(I'm not hungry) (I'm getting hungry) (I'm hungry)
Now I'm hungry (I'm hungry)
That is, in fact, got hungry = be hungry.
Look at the following examples: be angry get angry
be tired (be tired) get tired (tired) be married (be married) get married (marry)
You can also do this: Your English is getting better Your English is getting better.
Drink your coffee! It's getting cold! Drink coffee! He is cooling down.
turn on the light! It's getting dark. Turn on the light! It's getting dark.

8) Get lost / killed / punished / awarded = be lost / killed / punished / awarded.
In this case, get expresses the idea of ​​the passive voice. The only difference is that get is less
formal verb and is used more often in everyday speech. Get a feel for the examples:
We got lost in the forest. We got lost in the forest. = We are lost in the forest.
He was punished by his mummy. He was punished by his mother. = He got punished. He was punished.
He got killed by a truck. He was hit by a truck (to death) Such a scene was in the movie "Cemetery of household
animals" when they show how a guy is brought to the doctor and it turns out that he was hit by a truck.

IRREGULAR VERBS

arise [?"raiz] arose [?"r?uz] arisen [?"riz(?)n] Arise, appear
awake [?"weik] awoke [?"w?uk] awoken [?"w?uk?n]
be, were
bear bore wear
beat beat beaten ["bi:tn] Beat
become became become
begin began begun
bend bent bent bend
bet bet bet Bet
bind bound bound Knit; bind
bite bit bitten ["bitn]
bleed bled bled
blow blew
break broke broken ["brouk(e)n]
breed bred bred
bring brought brought
broadcast ["br?:dka:st] broadcast ["br?:dka:st] broadcast ["br?:dka:st] Broadcast, broadcast
browbeat ["braubi:t] browbeaten ["braubi:tn] browbeaten ["braubi:tn] Intimidate, intimidate
build built built
burn burnt burnt
burst burst burst
bust bust bust
buy bought bought
catch caught caught
choose chose [??uz] chosen
come came come
cost cost cost
creep crept crept
cut cut cut
do done
draw Draw, drag
dream dream dream dream
drink drank drunk
drive drove driven ["driven]
eat ate eaten ["i:tn]
fall fell fallen ["f?:l?n]
feed fed fed
feel felt felt
fight fought fought
find found found
fit fit fit Fit true to size
fly flew
forget forgot forgotten
forgive forgave forgiven
freeze froze frozen ["frouzn]
get [ get ] got got
give gave given
go went gone
grow grew
hang hung hung
have had had
hear heard heard
hide hid hidden ["hidn]
hit hit hit
hold held held
hurt hurt hurt
keep kept kept
kneel knelt knelt
know knew
lay laid laid
lead led led
lean lean lean
learn learned learn
leave left left
lend lent lent
let let let
lie lay lain
light lit lit
lose lost lost
make made made
mean meant meant
meet met met
mistake mistook mistaken
pay paid paid
prove proved proven
put put put
quit quit quit
read read read
ride rode ridden ["ridn]
ring rang rung
rise rose risen ["rizn]
run ran run
say said said
see
seek sought sought
sell sold sold
send sent sent
set set set
sew sewed sewn
shake [?eik] shook [?uk] shaken ["?eik(?)n]
show [??u] showed [??ud] shown [??un]
shrink [?ri?k] shrank [?r??k] shrunk [?r??k]
shut [??t] shut [??t] shut [??t] Close
sing sang sung
sink sank, sunk sunk
sit sat sat
sleep slept slept
slide slide slide
sow sowed sown
speak spoken spoken ["spouk(e)n]
spell spelt spelt
spend spent spent
spill spilt spilt
spoil spoilt spoilt
spread spread spread
spring sprang sprung jump
stand stood stood
steal stole stolen ["st?ul?n]
stick stuck stuck
sting stung stung
sweep swept swept
swell swelled swollen ["swoul(e)n]
swim swam swum
swing swung swung
take took taken ["teik(?)n]
teach taught taught
tear tore
tell told told
think [?i?k] thought [??:t] thought [??:t]
throw [?r?u] threw [?ru thrown [?r?un]
understand [?nd?"st?nd] understood [?nd?"stud] understood [?nd?"stud]
wake woke woken ["wouk(e)n]
wear wore
weep wept wept cry
wet wet wet
win won won
wind wound wound
wrote write written ["ritn]

VERBS AFTER WHICH GERUND IS USED
(Save, 100% useful!)

avoid - avoid

dislike - dislike

deny - deny

delay - postpone

enjoy - love, enjoy

escape - escape, escape, escape

excuse - to apologize

finish - finish

fancy - imagine; think; be in love

imagine - to imagine

involve - involve in something; to touch, touch

keep - keep doing something

mind - object, have something against

mention - to mention

postpone - postpone

practise - practice, practice

resume - resume, continue

regret - regret

report - report

risk - take risks

require - require, need

suggest - offer, advise

stop - stop something

MINI DICTIONARY OF PHRASAL VERBS

back away - retreat, back away
back off - 1) retreat; 2) slow down
be back - return, return
be off - 1) leave, leave; 2) be free, not working
be out - to be absent, not to be at home, on the spot
be over - end, end
be up - 1) wake up; 2) be awake; 3) rise
be up to - 1) to gather, intend smth. do; 2) depend on
blow out - 1) shatter; 2) go out; 3) blow up; 4) pay off
blow up - 1) explode; lose temper; 2) blow up
break down- completely upset; break
break in - 1) intervene in the conversation; 2) break in, break in
break into - 1) break into; 2) light up; break out; rush
break off - 1) interrupt (sya); 2) separate
break out - 1) break out; 2) flash; 3) burst out
break up - 1) stop; 2) part; diverge
burst out - 1) exclaim; 2) burst out (with laughter, etc.); 3) break out
call back - 1) call back; 2) call back
calm down - calm down (sya)
carry on - continue to do smth.
carry out - carry out, implement (plan, order, promise, etc.)
catch up - catch up, overtake, catch up
check in - (for) register
check out -1) check, find out; 2) check out
clean up - clean (sya), clean up (sya), put in order
come across - come across, meet by chance
come along - 1) go along, accompany; 2) come, appear
come back - return
come by -1) come in, come; 2) get, receive
come down - go down, go down; fall
come forward - go forward, move forward
come from - come from, from (for a reason), take
come in -1) enter; 2) come, arrive
come off - separate, come off, leave, go, get off
come on -1) come on!, let's go!; 2) stop!, quit!; 3) pass, come
come out - 1) go out; 2) appear, arise; 3) get
come over - come, approach, call in
come up - 1) appear, arise; 2) get up, approach
count on - count on smth., someone.
cut off - 1) cut off, cut off; 2) interrupt
cut out -1) cut out; 2) stop; 3) stop
end up - finish, get, turn out
fall down - fall, fall, collapse
fall off - 1) fall; 2) fall off, fall off
figure out - figure out, find out, understand, figure out
find out - find out, find out, discover, find
get along - 1) get along, get along; 2) live; 3) get things done
get around - get around, overcome; cope; outwit
get away - 1) run away, slip away; 2) leave
get back - return (sya)
get down - lower (sya)
get in - enter, climb into, penetrate, get into
get off - 1) go out, leave; 2) take away, remove; 3) go away!
get on - 1) sit on (in); 2) proceed to; 3) continue
get out - 1) leave, leave; 2) go out; 3) take out, take out
get over - 1) cope; understand; 2) get to; 3) go over, climb over
get through - 1) pass, penetrate through; 2) endure, handle
get up - 1) get up, get up; 2) wake up
give up - 1) give up, refuse; leave, quit; 2) give
go along - 1) agree, support; 2) go together, accompany - go around
1) walk around everywhere; 2) walk around; 3) move around
go away - leave, leave
go back - return
go by - 1) pass / pass by; 2) pass (about time)
go down - go down, go, go down
go in - enter
go off - leave, leave; run away, fly away
go on - 1) continue (those)!; 2) continue; 3) occur
go out - go out
go over - 1) come up, come; 2) repeat, recheck
go through - 1) go through, through; 2) repeat; 3) study carefully
go up - rise
grow up - grow up, become an adult
hang around - loitering, lounging, hanging around doing nothing
hang on - 1) hold on!; 2) wait(those)!; 3) to cling to
hang up - 1) hang up, hang up; 2) hang; 3) hang smth.
help out - help, help out, make it difficult to get out. provisions
hold on - 1) hold (those) s!; 2) wait(those); 3) hold on
hold out - stretch, pull
hold up - raise
keep on - continue
keep up - 1) keep up; 2) continue; 3) support
knock down - 1) knock down; 2) demolish, destroy; 3) lower
knock off - 1) destroy; 2) stop; 3) drop, drop
knock out - 1) stun, knock out; 2) hit; 3) knock out
let in - let in
let out - release, release
lie down - lie down, lie down
line up - line up (sya), stand in a line, row, turn
look back - look around, turn around
look down - look, look down
look for - 1) look for, look for; 2) look after
look forward to - expect with pleasure / look forward
look out - 1) look out; 2) be careful
look over - 1) look; 2) browse; inspect
make out - 1) understand, distinguish; 2) compose; 3) cope
make up - 1) make up; 2) compose; 3) compensate
move in - 1) enter / settle; 2) enter
move on - move on; keep moving
move out - 1) move out; 2) move out, go out
pass out - 1) lose consciousness; 2) distribute, distribute
pick up - take, pick up, pick up, pick up (in a very broad sense of the word: any object, person,
signal, sound, smell, etc.)
point out - 1) point out; 2) emphasize; 3) notice
pull away - 1) drive off, get under way; 2) pull back, move away
pull off - 1) remove, pull off; 2) cope, fulfill; 3) move out
pull on - 1) pull (put on); 2) pull (toward yourself)
pull out - 1) pull out, take out; 2) leave, leave
pull up - drive up, stop
put away - put away, put away, hide
put down - put, lower
put in - insert
put on - 1) put on, put on; 2) turn on, put into action
put out - 1) pull out; 2) exhibit; 3) stew
put up - 1) raise; 2) build; 3) finance
run away - run away, run away
run into - meet, collide, run into
run off - run away, run away, run away
run out - 1) run out; 2) run out, run out
run over - 1) run up; 2) move, crush
set down - put, put
set off - 1) set off (on the way); 2) call (action)
set up - arrange, organize, create
settle down - 1) sit down; 2) settle down; 3) calm down
shoot out - jump out, fly out
show up - appear, come
shut down - 1) close, cover; 2) turn off, turn off
shut up - silence, shut up
sit back - lean back / on the back of the seat
sit down - sit down, sit down, take a seat
sit up - rise, sit down from a lying position
spread out - stretch (s), expand (s), expand (s)
stand by - 1) get ready; 2) wait; 3) support
stand out - stand out, perform, be noticeable
stand up - get up, straighten up
stick out - 1) stick out, stick out; 2) stretch, pull
switch off - turn off
switch on - turn on
take away - 1) clean up, pick up; 2) take away, take away
take back - 1) give back / back; 2) take back / back
take in - 1) absorb, perceive; 2) let in, take in
take off - 1) take off (from oneself); 2) leave, leave
take on - acquire, take on (form, appearance, property, etc.)
take out - take out, pull out
take over - capture, take control, take control
take up - 1) to take (place); 2) do smth.; 3) pick up
throw up - 1) throw out - vomit, tear; 2) lift up
turn around - turn around
turn away - turn away
turn back - 1) turn again, again; 2) turn back, retreat
turn down - 1) reject, reject; 2) decrease, reduce
turn into - turn into someone. or into smth.
turn off - 1) turn off; 2) turn, turn
turn on - turn on
turn out - turn out, turn out, "get out"
turn over - 1) turn over (sya); 2) transfer
turn up - appear
wake up - 1) wake up; 2) wake someone up
walk around - walk, wander around
walk away - to leave
walk back - return, go back / back
walk in - enter
walk off - to leave
walk out - go out
walk over - approach, approach
walk up - come up, come up
watch out - 1) beware, be alert; 2) look after (for)
wind up - to find oneself, to be; come to an end with
work out - 1) understand, understand; 2) plan; 3) turn out
work up -1) work out, create; 2) worry, upset
write down - write down, write down

Verbs of movement and action

begin - begin (sya)
appear - appear
be late - be late
continue - continue
take - take (time)
put off - postpone
finish - finish
end - end 2
stop - stop
cease - stop
move - move (sya)
lift - raise
raise - raise
rise - rise
lower - lower
go out - go out
go in - enter
leave - leave
cross - cross
go along - go along
follow - to follow
turn right/left - turn right, left
arrive - arrive
return - return
go - go, go
come - come
go on foot - go on foot
run - to run
fly - fly
ride - ride / ride
be - to be
have - to have
there is - available
be present - to be present
be sufficient - to be sufficient
be absent - absent
be empty - be empty
gather - collect (sya)
add - add
fill - fill
be full - to be full
reduce - reduce
exclude - exclude
spend - spend
spoil - to spoil
remain - remain
keep - keep
possess - own
belong - to belong
contain - contain
march - to walk
walk - go
run - to run
crawl - crawl
tiptoe - tiptoe
drag - drag
push - push
jump - jump
leap - jump (over a long distance)
hop - bounce
skip - jump
hit - to beat
stretch - stretch, stretch
lift - raise
put down - put
dive - dive
lean - lean against, lean on
sit - to sit
crouch - to sneak
squat - squat
bend - bend
pick up - pick up
hold - hold
carry - carry
slap/hit - slap (usually with the palm of the hand)
punch - to beat with a fist
kick - kick
catch - to catch
throw - throw
pull - pull

If you studied English as a child, then long tables with three forms have been familiar to you since school. irregular verbs. But the regular verbs of the English language, despite their frequent use in speech, for some reason are always bypassed and are not studied in tabular form. And very much in vain, because they also have special grammatical cases. In addition, having memorized a whole list of regular verbs, we will expand our vocabulary and feel more confident when building sentences, without a doubt putting any verb in the right form in the context. But first, let us recall once again what rule gave the name to such verbs.

Forms of regular English verbs

As you remember, in English grammar there are only four verb forms. Two of them do not require close study: we get acquainted with the infinitive when we are working on learning new words, and the present participle (Participle I) is invariably formed by adding the ending -ing. Two forms remain, according to which there is a division into regular English verbs, and irregular.

According to the grammatical norm *, the formation of Past Simple (simple past) and Participle II (past participle) occurs by adding the ending -ed to the stem of the word. Accordingly, the appearance of these verb forms is of the same type.

* Exceptions to this rule just make up the class of irregular verbs.

But not everything is as simple as it seems at first glance. Adding an ending has its own phonetic and grammatical nuances associated with linguistic features. The following grammar table will help you avoid incorrect formation and pronunciation of past tense forms.

Now we are familiar with all the important points related to the correct formation of verb forms. It is time to get acquainted with the popular representatives of this class of verbs. The table below will present the most common regular verbs with translation and their pronunciation in English.

Regular verbs of the English language - 50 words with transcription and translation

So, we bring to your attention the main regular verbs in English with transcription and translation.

Translate from Russian to German

1. 1. The student works very diligently. (fleißig - diligent)
2. 2. He paints pictures willingly. (die Bilder - paintings)
3. 3. We live permanently in Berlin. (ständig - constantly)
4. 4. We swim and dive in the Crimea. (tauchen - to dive, auf der Krim - in the Crimea)
5. 5. Have you been working in this company for a long time? (bei der Firma - in the firm)
6. 6. You observe and then discuss what happened. (das Geschehene - what has already happened, diskutieren - to discuss, beobachten - to observe)
7. 7. Where are you from? (woher - where from)
8. 8. Father is playing with his daughter today. (die Tocher - daughter)
9. 9. Peter writes a letter to his girlfriend. (der Brief - letter)
10. 10. We visit our relatives every weekend. (die Verwandten - relatives, jedes Wochenende - every weekend)
11. 11. How long do you stay in Germany? (Wie lange - how long)
12. 12. You don't need to come today. (heute - today)
13. 13. Where do you stay at the weekend? (am Wochenende - weekends)
14. 14. Do you dream of a business trip? (die Dienstreise - business trip, träumen - dream)
15. 15. We do homework in the evenings. (abends - in the evenings)
16. 16. They go to the cinema together tomorrow. Kino. (ins Kino - in the cinema)
17. 17. He always tells me the truth. (die Wahrheit - true)
18. 18. My aunt cooks a delicious dinner for me. (lecker - delicious)
19. 19. He is not afraid of heights. (die Höhe - height)
20. 20. My children look for socks in the morning. (die Socken - socks)
21. 21. Oleg welcomes the teacher. (der Lehrer- teacher)
22. 22. Whom do they ask about the journey? (die Reise - journey)
23. 23. What is the name of this street? (die Strasse - street)
24. 24. Do you study at the university or work? (an der Universität - at the university)
25. 25. I teach German at school. (in der Schule - at school)
26. 26. The lesson ends at 3 o'clock. (zu Ende sein - to end)
27. 27. The girl translates the text correctly. (richtig - correct)
28. 28. Pavel lives nearby and walks to work. (nicht weit - not far, zu Fuß gehen - walk)
29. 29. What do you drink for breakfast? (das Frühstück - breakfast)
30. 30. Who do you make meat salad for? (der Fleischsalat - meat salad)