Drainage pipes for the removal of groundwater: what it is and how to work with them. What perforated pipe is better for drainage and how to put it correctly? Pipe drainage plot which

Also pays special attention compliance with all technical norms . Pipe selection, depth and corner of their bookmarks - important points of installation work.

Maintenance

Even the correctly mounted and well-functioning drainage system requires regular maintenance. The inspections of drainage and observation wells are carried out once twice a year. The owners should alert the low water level, which may indicate:

Drainage will protect the underground part of the house from the inevitable destruction, the roots of the plant will save the roots of the plants from rotting, will save from stagnant puddles. Numerous advantages are somewhat leveled by the price, the size of which is justified by conducting a large amount of work. However, you can fully or partially perform them, agree?

We will tell how the drainage tube is put on with their own hands, which components of the system still need to be installed. Wishing to independently make drainage we offer reliable information about the principles and rules of its structure. The information presented to your attention is based on regulatory requirements.

The article describes in detail the varieties of the drainage system. The technology of the organization is presented, recommendations on the selection of pipes and related materials are given to ensure the removal of groundwater. A selection of photos and video guides are applied to help interested visitors.

Drainage is an expensive system, even if you do not have to pay for the services of specialists and the owner of the site is ready to fulfill all the work independently. Therefore, it should be understood as much as it is necessary.

The need for a system cannot be determined "on the eye", because groundwater can be filled close to the surface, which becomes a real problem only during floods or heavy rains.

Gallery of images

Many sites are located in lowlands. The rewarded soil causes the root rotting, which creates many difficulties in leaving the garden and garden. Plants often affect fungal diseases, "eats" mold. Some cultures do not take root on a wet soil, and the crop rotates to the root.

Dense clay soil breeds are poorly absorbed water. This leads to frequent floods of underground parts of buildings. Due to the high degree of mineralization flood and atmospheric waters adversely affect the buildings: destroy building materials, provoke corrosion.

Even high-quality waterproofing is not capable of 100% prevent basement flooding, erosion of the base of foundations, bases. As a result, the construction serve much less than they could.

Open drainage systems are designed to collect and remove rain, flood and melting water, closed drainage systems - to protect underground structures from groundwater

Determine whether drainage is needed on the plot, you can, in several signs:

• Relief area. Plots located in lowlands and steep slopes need a wastewater system. Otherwise, fertile soils can be blurred or flooded during rains and floods.
• Puddles. The plain area is convenient for construction, but it can appear on it and a long time to stay puddles. This is a clear sign that water is badly absorbed into the ground. Throughout the area, the drainage system should be equipped.
• Removing the root system of plants. If an excessive liquid remains on the gardens, flower beds and lawns, the plants are spoiled and sick.
• Moofable plants. If one or more types of moisture-loving plants grow on the site, it clearly indicates the mooring of the soil.
• Flooding of basements and cellars. An obvious "symptom" need to lay drainage - flooding of foundations and underground building structures.
• Hydrogeological research and observations. If experts identified that on the site a high branch, or to such conclusions, you can come during earthworks, you should take care of the soil drainage.

In the first case, the system is designed to remove groundwater if they flood the area. In the second, drainage provides reduction in soil moisture in the flood and rainy season.

Both types of systems can be developed and mounted on their own.

When buying a plot, the owners often have no idea about the hydrogeological features of the area. If the soil is too wet and there are long water clots on the surface, you should pick up the correct scheme drainage (+)

Depending on whether it is necessary to collect moisture from all over the site or only from individual zones, in addition to drainage, storm sewer systems with linear and point water reservations are equipped.

The system of the first type requires careful design, when they are arranged, it is necessary to strictly observe the laying technology and.

In linear versions, there is a need if you need to dry the zones around buildings, tracks, entrances, reflect outdoor territory Or take an extra moisture from the garden.

Such drainages are shallow ditch, where water flows, and then moved to special receiving tanks, storm sewers or to the discharge site outside the site.

The choice and features of the installation of elements of drainage systems depends on the intended load on the system: the density of the soil, the amount of water that enters the drain. If the load is too large, it is worth choosing structures from the most durable materials.

Spotwood water collectors also definitely calculate and design in advance. They serve for local water collection, but are connected to a similar linear channel system or pipes.

According to the specified drainage channels, the assembled water is in the same way output to the collector well and further in, a wastewater or pond. Therefore, work on the system of systems with point water acceptors is not much different from systems with linear options.

Open systems are very easy to perform and cheap, but they spoil the landscape in non-psychic external species. Another minus - the walls of the canvas have to constantly correct, because They seek under the influence of moisture, and the system ceases to perform its functions (water is stored at the bottom of the trenche and does not move to the discharge place).

When planning drainage, determine the type of system. It is necessary to think about whether it will be open or closed. In the first case, digs are digging with oblique walls for the convenience of water drain. The width of such a trench is usually 0.5 m, and it is digging to a depth of 0.7 m (+)

To solve the problem of sprinkling the walls of the ditch, you can use the crushes swelling method: the material of the large fraction is placed on the bottom, and on top of the shallow, after which the entire drainage pillow is covered with turden.

This option allows not to line and not strengthen the walls of tranches, but it is suitable for sites with a relatively small humidity, because The bandwidth of the ditch is greatly reduced.

The use of polymer and concrete trays in the construction of an open drainage significantly facilitates and speeds up work. In order to reflect the landscape and protection of systems from clogging such open systems Close with cast-iron grids.

Plot flooding is a problem with which many owners of private home ownership are often faced. Excessive moisture affects not only the state of green plantings, but also reduces the service life of buildings. Correct the situation is possible only by building a drainage system. Its functioning directly depends on the correctness of calculating the depth of drainage and compliance with the installation technology. What variants of the system can be applied during the arrangement of the site, and which drainage depth should be, consider in more detail.

• Superficial drainage - involves laying the pipeline around the perimeter of the construction and filling of the sinuses of the dug drangies with drainage material (bricks, stones, branches).
• The deep drainage - is a closed system of the pipeline laid under the ground, with which it is convenient to dry the space around the built-up construction.

Surface drainage is designed for harvesting melt and rainwater

The technology of calculating the depth of the surface drainage does not require data collection relative to the soil composition of the area. The gutter is simply placed around the site in places where it is necessary to collect sew water from solid surfaces: roofs of houses, asphalt sites, garden tracks.

The main function of the deep drainage is not only thawed water from the territory, but also running underground water

Calculation of this type of structure designed to intercept underground water, not allowing them to leak into the basements of buildings, much more difficult.

Drainage depth depth

One of the mandatory stages of arranging the drainage system is to draw up a project. A competently executed project will allow not only to ensure the efficiency and reliability of the drainage system, but also to prevent unnecessary expenses in the process of its installation.

When developing a project and determining the depth of the drainage of drainage, two parameters are taken: the depth of the foundation and the level of primerization of the soil.

In terms of ground freezing

The first thing that is focused when determining the depth of drainage laying is the depth of soil freezing. Anyone, even far from construction, the owner is clear that if the drainage froze in the winter, it simply will not be able to take into the construction of melting water during the spring floods. The pipe clogged with ice will be thawed for a long time, thereby reducing the functionality of the structure to zero.

Important! To ensure maximum system performance in conditions large number Precipitation, pipes should be located below the level of the freezing of the soil.

The level of groundwater is determined by the horizon of the location of the aquifer

In the regions located in medium latitudes, groundwater spare at a depth of 2-2.5 meters. But in areas in close proximity to natural reservoirs, groundwater can go to the surface.

The calculation is carried out by this principle:

1. The horizon of the primerization of the soil in a specific climatic zone is determined.
2. When the pipes are tabulated with a diameter of up to 500 mm on the value of the level of soil freezing, 300 mm are torn. If the pipes of large sizes are used, the diameter of which exceeds 500 mm, then 500 mm are taken from the resulting value.

For example: with the value of the soil freezing horizon, 1.5 meters will need to lay a drainage tube with a diameter of 200 mm at a depth: 1500 - 300 \u003d 1200 mm \u003d 1.2 meters.

Determine the level of soil freezing will help a summary table

Learn the level of primer of the soil in a particular area can be experienced by or requesting information in a construction organization.

Attention! When calculating drainage depths, it is necessary to navigate the amount of precipitation in the winter, since a large layer of snow is able to provide good thermal insulation to the top layers of the soil.

In the depth of the foundation

If you focus on the depth of the foundations of buildings, then the calculation is carried out by this principle:

1. Determine the depth of the foundation of the building.
2. An still half meter is added to the resulting value.

So, for example, the depth of drainage around the house with a foundation at one and a half meters will be 2 meters. Such depth is enough to intercept groundwater during spring floods.

Important! The heat transfer value in the calculation is taken into account only if the house is heated in the winter period.

Simple at first glance, the method allows you to build a system that will easily remove moisture from the soil before it reaches the level of basement and starts up the foundation.

The optimal depth of drainage is for most regions of our country is 1.3-1.4 meters

To obtain the most accurate parameters defining which depth to dig drainage around the house, experts recommend combining both methods. And then, based on two calculations, orient when carrying out installation work on the greatest value.

In any case, when calculating, a small amount should be made in case of oscillation of the horizon of groundwater. After all, if in the summer period, the level of groundwater is low, then in the offseason, it rises, exerting heavy loads on a drainage system.

Calculation of the desired shine drainage

The deposit of the uninterrupted functioning of the system is also observing the liner of pipelines. To do this, determine the direction of the flow of atmospheric precipitation or use the map of the high-rise markers.

Drainage is a non-pressure system, for the uninterrupted functioning of which it is important to give the pipeline to a specific slope

The slope of the superficial drainage pipes is calculated by the same technology as when laying sewer pipes. The main assistant in this survey is SNiP.

To obtain accurate values \u200b\u200bof the drainage highway, the calculation is performed in such a sequence:

1. In the corner of the building determine the upper point of the drainage. From it measured the length of the houses laid around the perimeter.
2. By summing the length of the length of all trenches, the number corresponding to the distance from the lower point of the building to the placement of the catchment well is added to the figure.
3. To calculate the difference between the upper and lower point of the system, they take 1% of the distance taken. For example, for a pipeline system with a duration of 28 meters, this value will be 28 cm.

Events to warn fitting buildings

Protection of basements and foundations of buildings from flooding is a priority task that needs to be addressed even at the stage of their erection. To do this, perform a whole range of events:

1. On the perimeter of the construction, withstring the distance to the walls of 2-3 meters, dig a trench of a depth calculated on the basis of the above-described techniques, and a half-meter width. The end of the trench having the lowest mark must be supplied to the pit for a drainage well.
2. At the lowest point, the site is digging the pitted under the catchment well. The place under its arrangement is chosen taking into account the convenient drain of the water or the possibility of pumping contents with a drainage pump.
3. The bottom of the trench is aligned in such a way that the bias of 2-3 cm on each directive meter of the pipeline is respected. We cut the bottom with a rubberous spill, forming a layer with a height of 30-40 cm.
4. On the "pillow" of rubble lays down the pipes, controlling the angle of liner with construction level.
5. The bottom of the dumped pit is equalized, we ripen with sandy or crushed stone swelling. A drainage well is installed on the aligned base.
6. In the walls of the well, at the point of delivery of drainage pipes, the holes of the corresponding diameter are done. Dineting pipes with a drinker hole, seal the conjugate elements by treating them with special bitumen compositions or silicone mixtures.

Tip: The required volume of rubble is determined by the formula: V \u003d L x Y x W. where "L" is the length of the ditch, the "H" - the thickness of the sleeper, "W" - the width of the trench.

Video: Differences of the Drainage System

Calculation of drainage depth is a responsible stage of work. Correctly calculating the drainage depth and tilt angle, you will minimize the probability of the system output ahead of time.

Most effective way Protect the foundation of the private house from the destructive impact of groundwater and stormwater is a high-quality drainage system. Which is especially important when water accumulated in the upper layers of the soil, as it can provoke flooding of the basement or basement, moisturizing and deformation of the walls, as well as the occurrence of fungal formations. The article we will talk about how to lay drainage pipes.

Pipes for the drainage system, which are installed throughout the perimeter of the site, allow you to create a high-quality drainage. After all, the danger of flooding carry not only soil waters, but also flood. Damage can also apply atmospheric precipitates exceeding permissible norms.

Drainage tube photo

In contrast to the waterproofing of the foundation, the drainage system can be laid after the construction of the house, if there are grounds for this. But with certain conditions, the installation is better to produce at the initial stage of construction. For this, the following foundations are needed:

• the hollow location of the site contributing to significant cluster of water;
• clay and loamy soils that have weak water pipeline characteristics;
• statistics exceeding the level of precipitation characteristic of the area in which the structure is located;
• increased level of groundwater (less than 1.5 meters to the surface of the soil).

In addition, it is worth focusing on the depth of the rest of the buildings on the site. The presence of a bellped foundation next to the main building, not only prevents the natural outflow of groundwater, but also contributes to their accumulation, thereby reinforcing the risk of flooding. Barrier for the free circulation of water are concrete gestures and asphalt coating on the site. In a similar case, the connection of stormwater drapes is considered competent with the main drainage system.

Prevent the consequences of changing the level of groundwater and the accumulation of moisture in the soil around the structure will allow laying of the drainage tube.

Types of drainage systems

There are two main options for designing a drainage system:

• Open (superficial) - Used to remove excess moisture arising from the accumulation of precipitation or melt waters. Drainage system open type Presented in the form of a canvas and trenches.
• Closed (deep) - The laying uses pipes with perforation, which are laid on a certain depth in a pre-prepared trench. The main function is the removal of groundwater and the protection of the foundation of the house.

Materials required for laying a closed drainage system

The process of installing the drainage system is quite laborious and requires solid preparation. From bulk building materials You will need:

• Sand. IN drainage work Basically use river sand. Its main function is to create a filtration pillow around the drainage pipe.
• Crusheden. To improve the system, you will need a medium and large fraction. The appointment of rubble is to form a stable layer to prevent the penetration of dirt and large parts of the soil. In addition, crushed stone prevents excessive soil pressure on the corrugated pipe.

Main materials:

• drainage pumps. Apply only in the case of a significant flooding of the groundwater section. Contribute to mechanical drainage;
• drainage pipes. With their help, the main system of drainage is formed. The amount and diameter depends on the complexity of the layout scheme. Most often, plastic pipes are used for drainage;
• geotextiles - Protects the drainage pipe from the contamination with the soil. As a rule, phlizelin or Dornit is applied. In addition to the strength of both types of textiles have a filtering ability;
• sedaning clutches - It is necessary for fixing the drainage pipes.

As a rule, the drainage system needs periodic cleaning, for this, viewing wells are installed at its perimeter. And the collector well is mounted for collecting water into the system.

Choosing drainage pipes

Before starting installing a drainage system, special attention should be paid to the choice of pipes for work. The first thing to be taken into account is to use in the arrangement of the pipe drainage system with perforation. The second is the diameter and the presence of holes for moisture outflow and air exchange. And no less an important point is the material from which pipes are made.

Currently, the following types of pipes are presented in the building materials market:

• asbestos-cement;
• ceramic;
• from polymeric materials.

Polymer drainage pipes are most popular in the arrangement of the drainage system. Their advantage over other species are as follows.

• A long period of operation is up to 70 years.
• High durability.
• Resistance to corrosion processes and exposure to the aggressive medium.
• Reduced weight indicators that simplify the process of transportation and installation.
• Ability to self-cleaning, thanks to a smooth surface.
• Saving resistance.
• Value for money.
• Easy service. Thanks to the geotextile filter, the system does not need flushing.

Drainage pipe diameter:

• up to 150 mm - for a drainage system, reducing a small amount of water;
• up to 300 mm - for high load systems.

For an extensive drainage system, pipes and small (for branches) and large diameter (for the main branch of the system) will be needed.

Plastic drainage pipes

Polymer pipes, which, as a rule, are used to lay drainage systems, are performed from PVC, polypropylene or polyethylene and are presented with the following types:

• single-layer or two-layer. The choice of the number of layers depends on the density of the soil;
• flexible and hard. Hard pipes apply to simple schemes drainage, while flexible allow you to create a complex branching throughout the plot;
• pipes with filter sheath or without. As a rule, drainage pipes already have holes along the entire length. But if there are no special holes in the acquired material - they can be made independently with a drill and a thin drill;
• corrugated or smooth.

As for the coating of Geecan, then as a rule, the construction materials market are presented samples already covered with filter textiles. When buying pipes without coating, their surface can be wrapped independently, fixing the material with a rope or thin wire around the perimeter of the pipe.

Drainage pipe design

Before starting work on the installation of a drainage system, it is necessary to pre-draw a plan-scheme by its location on the site.

• This requires to take into account the type of soil and height of groundwater. The most commonly used branched scheme, on the junctions of which the viewing wells are installed.
• The distance between the branches directly depends on the type of soil. For clay soil, it is 10 meters, for a sublinous - 20 meters, with a sandy soil type - 45 meters.

Laying drainage pipes with their own hands

First you need to determine the installation site of the drainage system. There are only two accommodation options:

• "Wailed" drainage - passes only near the foundation of the house and prevents moisture to get directly into the building itself;

• the drainage system placed around the entire perimeter of the site - protects not only the base of the building, but also other economic buildings and plantations located on the territory.

Stages of work

• The first step will be the markup of the area under the placement of drainage datals. To facilitate the process, you can use a special laser rangefinder. Special attention should be paid to the places of deposit of moisture after the rain - this means that water exchange is difficult in this area due to the density of the soil or the presence of obstacles.
• Trench. The deepening under the drainage trench must be carried out taking into account the height drops. The main task of the prepared ditch system is the rapid and unimpeded outflow of water.

Tip: During work, you can use the filling hose, running a certain amount of water - make sure that water is not accumulated in separate parts of the trench.

• Before installing drainage pipes, the bottom of the trench must be carefully tumped. Then, any filter material is stacked, while its ends should go beyond the trenches. Following the river sand and crushed stone, first large, then the average fraction, with a thickness of no more than 20 cm.
• Drainage pipes are cut according to the sizes of the circuit, with the help of an electric bike or a special device - pipe cut. Next, you should start laying pipes, connecting joints with fittings. So that the connection site is durable, it is necessary to make the details of the parts after the preheating of the docking sections.
• Pipes need to be carefully wrapped with geotextiles, consolidating the place of the joints with a rope or thin wire. The choice of such a material is not accidental, since it should pass water out of perforation. In addition to the bandwidth, the function of geotextiles includes protection of perforation holes of pipes from clogging.

• Stacking pipes must be performed under a slope, attaching ends to viewing wells. In the system you can use two kinds of wells: hermetic, allowing to use the assembled water for technical purposes and absorbing - water will leave back to the soil. The bias of drainage pipes depends on its diameter than it is more, the smaller the inclination is necessary.
• The next step in the installation of drainage pipes will be dumping the rubble and sand surface. After that, the design is wrapped in the surface of the filtering material on the surface and falls asleep with the soil layer.

Drainage pipes video

Drainage system maintenance

In the arrangement of the area of \u200b\u200bthe system of drainage, not only well-thought-out and high-quality installation is important, but also compliance with the rules of operation. What will extend the period of operation of the system for the longer possible time.

Approximately once every four years, it is necessary to inspect the condition of the pipes and wells, as prevention. In addition, once every two years it is worth measuring the level of water in wells, its significant change may indicate the following factors:

• damage to the integrity of the pipe;
• the formation of a dense blockage;
• the rise of or strong deposits on the entire surface of the pipe;
• partial sediment of the pipeline due to the movement of the soil.

In order to avoid such problems, it is necessary to inspect the drainage and its cleaning from various kinds of pollution.

Errors in the strip of drainage pipe

Drainage efficiency directly depends on the quality of the installation. Any violations in the course of work, contribute to the decline in the system. At best, you can repair a damaged area, at worst - you will have to completely reinstall the drainage.

The most common mistakes include:

• selection of the pipeline system excluding the quality of the soil. For example: on loamy soil it is not recommended to use pipes without filtering system;
• disorders associated with the change or absence of an angle of inclination of the drainage system;
• initially, the option of removal of water from the well is not provided;
• the technology of arrangement of drainage pipes is not observed - the installation is made without filtering crushed stone and sand swelling;
• lack of geotextiles and filtering material;
• poor-quality spike of pipes;
• no perforation.

Selecting the type of drainage system, it is necessary to be based on the features of the location of the site and the quality of the soil. For independent arrangement Watercolutions must be planned to plan the drainage location scheme in advance. When choosing materials, preference should be given the most practical and durable. This include plastic corrugated pipes with perforation. Observing all stages of laying a drainage system, you can get a high-quality drainage system. In addition, drainage guarantees the protection of the basement or basement of the house from the harmful effects of groundwater.

Drainage of the site is a large set of measures aimed at removing excess water. The system is a complex of pipes, (drains) laid in the ground. With their help and removes excess moisture from the site. But the drainage worked effectively, it is necessary to choose correctly and put drain. This will be discussed in the article. Here will be told about the main applied types of drains and how the laying of drainage pipes is carried out with their own hands.

What pipes are better to use for drainage

For drainage systems, special pipes with multiple holes are used. Through these holes, water from the soil falls into the drain and then dismissed outside the site. Various materials can be used as material for pipes:

• asbestos cement;
• ceramics;
• polymeric materials.

Asbestos-cement and ceramic pipes are practically not used today. Such products are rather heavy and complex in the installation, and the use of metal pipes in the drainage system is inappropriate. Metal is corrosive, so pipes lying in the ground can fail in order after a year.

The most common from the list of materials is polymer. And this is a lot of reasons. First, plastic is much easier asbestoscent and ceramics. This factor facilitates laying pipes. At the same time, the strength of modern polymer materials is often not inferior to the metal. Secondly, such products are cheaper.

In addition, plastic drainage pipes possess other positive characteristics:

• have a long service life;
• easily endure the impact of aggressive media and are not subject to corrosion;
• the inner surface of plastic pipes is absolutely smooth. Such a feature prevents the formation of blockages;
• resistant to skill. If the drain is placed with geotextile, then small particles do not clog holes. This means that water from the soil is unhindered into the drainage system;
• a large range of sizes. Plastic pipes You can easily choose to the drainage system of any power.

In addition, plastic products do not require special care. When operating, it is necessary only to periodically conduct a visual inspection and maximum once a year to help any of the available methods.

Now we'll figure it out how to put drainage pipes yourself. The laying technology is quite simple, anyone can cope with it, not even having special skills.

At the first stage, the system project is made. The following factors should be taken into account:

• terrain relief (availability of natural slopes and bugs);
• location of the site (in lowland or on the elevation);
• the characteristics of the soil (its ability to pass water);
• intimacy of groundwater;
• the level of precipitation.

Calculations are made to lay pipe laying and location location. After that, we carry markup on the terrain. Now you can proceed to earthworks. According to the marked lines rush trenches. Their depth should correspond to the calculations, and the width should be 40 cm more than the outer diameter of the drainage pipes used. This additional place is necessary for the filter arrangement in the form of a layer of rubble small and medium fractions.

The next step will be the preparation of the pillow. At the bottom of the trench, sand is 20 cm with a thickness of 20 cm and thoroughly tram. After that, we fall asleep layer of rubble the same thickness.

It is necessary to observe the bias of the cornea trench towards the drainage well or the water output location from the site. The slope should be at least 3 cm for each meter of the pipe.

Now you can lay drain. In this case, it is necessary to monitor the location of the holes. If perforation is performed only on one side, the pipe is put down with holes down. After laying pipes, we carry them into one system. To do this, you can use plastic fittings used when laying the external sewage system.

At each turn of the system or in places, the connection of several pipelines is set to the observation well. It can be purchased in the finished form (as a rule, they are also made from polymeric materials) or build on their own (from concrete rings, brick or other girlfriend).

Then on top of the pipes, a layer of rubble is poured, 20 cm thick, then the sand (the same layer). After that, it is possible to hide the previously removed soil. From above, the turf is stacked, which should be cut before the start of digging trenches.

So that the drainage system does not be drunk, it is advisable to use geotextiles. In this case, before laying the first layer of rubble, geocan is spread. Then the crushed stone is falling asleep, the pipe is put on, another layer of rubble, and all this "pie" is covered by the edges of geoticani. As a result, the entire filtering system should be placed in the "wrapper" of geotextile.

Maybe you will be interested in getting acquainted with additional materials.