World Ocean. Bottom relief, currents. ІІІ. Learning new material

Lesson - expedition "The relief of the bottom of the World Ocean"

Motivation for learning activities: Hello guys! Today we have an unusual lesson - an expedition lesson. But before we start learning something new, let's remember what we learned in the last lessons? (Mountains and plains) - topography of which part of the earth? (Land relief). But more than 70% the globe takes water. What is this water? (Oceans and seas). Right! Do you and I know what is at the bottom of the oceans? (No). So what are we going to study in the lesson today? (Ocean floor - World ocean floor relief)

What goals will we set with you? (Explore the bottom of the World Ocean, ... ..)

The purpose of the lesson:

Explore the topography of the ocean floor

Learn to work with a map of the oceans

Continue learning to work together in a group

Knowledge update:

How have people tried to get information about the ocean floor in the past? - Working with the text of the textbook p. 66 (rope with a load, Magellan, "Challenger")

Sounder slide The systematic study of the seabed relief of the World Ocean began with the invention of the echo sounder. This device emits sound signals that reach the bottom, bounce off it and return back to the ship. Knowing the travel time of the signal to the bottom and the speed of sound in the water, you can determine the depth of the ocean at a given point. Knowing how the depths change along the route of the ship, one can draw a conclusion about the change in the bottom topography.

Slide "Challenger and Knight" The British ship "Challenger" in 1872-1876 made a round-the-world expedition, which resulted in the first map of the ocean floor.

The research vessel "Vityaz" from 1949 to 1979 made expeditions to the Pacific, Indian and Atlantic oceans. Uplands, ridges, depressions and trenches at the bottom of the oceans were discovered and explored.

Slide "Trieste and Peace" Mir is a Russian research deep-sea manned vehicle for oceanographic research and rescue operations. It has a diving depth of up to 6 km. With the help of the Mir submersibles, hydrothermal springs were investigated in the regions of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.

"Trieste" - a research bathyscaphe, which in 1960 made a record dive into the Mariana Trench

Learning new material: Slide "Work in route sheets". Today we have to conduct our research on the bottom of the World Ocean. We work in groups in our areas. We enter all research results into our route sheets. Let's start the dive!

Working in groups to study the elements of the ocean floor. (Task number 1)

Guys, report to the captains of the groups about the work done.

Let's see what the results of your research are. Let's pop up!

Captain of the Challenger Research Group, please tell us about your research findings. What did you study? (...). Slide "Submarine outskirts of continents". On the diagram on the board, attach a card with the name of the bottom part.

Captain of the Trieste research group, please tell us about your research results. What did you study? (...). Slide "Transition zone". On the diagram on the board, attach a card with the name of the bottom part. Your group has a little message - what is it about? (Mariana Trench - show on the map). Members of other groups supplement their schemes with signatures.

Captain of the research group "Vityaz", tell us about the results of your research. What did you study? (...). Slide "Ocean bed"... On the diagram on the board, attach a card with the name of the bottom part. Members of other groups supplement their schemes with signatures.

Captain of the research group "Mir", please tell us about the results of your research. What did you study? (...). Slide "Mid-oceanic ridges". On the diagram on the board, attach a card with the name of the bottom part. Your group has a little message - what is it about? (Black smokers). Members of other groups supplement their schemes with signatures.

You did a good job at depth, so let's get some rest. Physics minute “Put your hands on the desks. The mountains are high (hands up), the plains are wide (hands to the sides). We walk for a long, long time (walk with our fingers). The tops of the mountains are high (we look up), we can see far from them (we turn our head).

Primary comprehension and consolidation of what was learned: Slide "Working with the map of the oceans ”. We continue our research. Now, from theoretical research, we will move on to practical ones. Task number 2: I propose to consolidate the knowledge gained by working with the map of the oceans in the atlas on page 24. Let's dive!

Working in groups on the map of the oceans.

Group captains, determine who will go to the map and report on the work. It is necessary to show on the map of the oceans those objects with which we worked in the group.

We carry out Task number 3:orally("Challenger" and "Trieste" - Middle - Atl. Ridge, "Vityaz" and "Mir" - East - Pacific uplift)

If we keep up with the time, then we read and talk about the processes that form the bottom topography (p. 69, p. 5)

Slide "Let's check our knowledge. " We have been working at depth for a long time, now it's time to surface. Let's summarize the preliminary results of our work and test our knowledge. You have in your route sheets Task number 4: Complete it, and we will check the answers together.

We listen to the answers, check the answers by slide "The relief of the bottom of the world ocean ",you can immediately put the assessment in the box yourself.

Lesson summary. Reflection:

We did a good job today, let's Let's summarize:

What goals did we set with you today? Have we achieved our goals? Slide "Today in the lesson"

Formulate your homework - item 18 assignments on page 70

Route sheet

participant of the "Challenger" research group ___________________________________________

Reference: The British ship "Challenger" in 1872-1876 made a round-the-world expedition, which resulted in the first map of the ocean floor.

Task number 1: Read the text of the textbook, p. 18, p. 67, point 2 "Submarine outskirts of the continents" and continue the sentences:

1. The continental shelf (shelf) is ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Its surface is covered with _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3.On the shelf, people _____________________________________________________________________ and catch _________________________________________________________________________________

4. Continental slope - __________________________________________________________________

Task number 2: On the physical map of Russia, consider the continental shelf (shelf) in the Arctic Ocean. Define:

A) which seas of the Arctic Ocean are located on the shelf _______________________________________________________________________________________

B) which islands of the Arctic Ocean are located on the shelf ________________________________________________________________________________

Consider what the continental shelf (shelf) of the Arctic Ocean looks like on the map of the oceans (atlas p. 24), show it on the map at the blackboard.

Task number 3:

Task number 4:

a) ocean bed;

b) continental shelf;

c) continental slope

b) continental slope;

c) basin.

a) gutters;

b) continental slope;

c) hollows.

a) hollows;

b) the ocean bed;

a) continental slope;

c) gutters.

Let's summarize:

Today in the lesson:

I learned

It was interesting to me

It was difficult for me

Route sheet

participant of the research group "Trieste" ______________________________________________

reference: "Trieste" - a research bathyscaphe, on which a record dive into the Mariana Trench was made in 1960.

Task number 1: Read the text of the textbook item 18, page 67, item 3 "Transition zone" and continue the sentences:

1. The transition zone is located _______________________________________________________________________________________ and has ________________________________________________________________________________

2. The deep-sea trench is ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. ________________________________________________________________ and _____________________________________________________________________________________ often occur here.

Task number 2:

A) the Mariana Trench and determine which ocean it is in and determine its depth _______________________________________________________________________________;

B) Japanese, Kuril and Aleutian Islands in the Pacific Ocean and determine which seas are nearby _________________________________________________________________________________;

C) Show the Mariana Trench on the map at the board.

Task number 3: Describe according to plan Mid-Atlantic Ridge

1.In what ocean and in what part is it located?

2. In what direction did it stretch and how many kilometers?

3. Between what geographical objects (basins and continents) is located?

Task number 4: Let's put our knowledge to the test (circle your answers):

1. Part of the mainland crust continuing under water in the form of a shallow coastal plain:

a) ocean bed;

b) continental shelf;

c) continental slope

2. The continental shelf and the ocean floor are connected by:

b) continental slope;

c) basin.

3. The deepest parts of the world's oceans are:

a) gutters;

b) continental slope;

c) hollows.

4.70% of the ocean floor is occupied by:

a) hollows;

b) the ocean bed;

c) mid-ocean ridges.

5. A single mountain system at the bottom of the ocean is:

a) continental slope;

b) mid-ocean ridges;

c) gutters.

Let's summarize:

Today in the lesson:

I learned

It was interesting to me

It was difficult for me

Route sheet

participant of the research group "Vityaz" ______________________________________________

Reference: The research vessel "Vityaz" from 1949 to 1979 made expeditions to the Pacific, Indian and Atlantic oceans. Uplands, ridges, depressions and trenches at the bottom of the oceans were discovered and explored.

Task number 1: Read the text of the textbook item 18 page 68 item 4 "Ocean bed" and two paragraphs on page 69 "There is at the bottom of the oceans ..." (up to item 5) and continue the sentences:

1.The ocean bed is ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2.On the ocean floor there is ___________________________________________________________________

3. Basins are ______________________________________________________________________

4. There is also ________________________________________________________________ at the bottom of the ocean.

Sign on the diagram those parts of the ocean floor that you studied

Task number 2: On the map of the oceans in the atlas pages 24 - 25 find and write down:

A) Underwater basins ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

B) Underwater ridges ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

C) Show on the map at the board of the hollow at the bottom of the Pacific Ocean.

Task number 3:

1.In what ocean and in what part is it located?

Task number 4: Let's put our knowledge to the test (circle your answers):

1. Part of the continental crust, continuing under water in the form of a shallow coastal plain:

a) ocean bed;

b) continental shelf;

c) continental slope

2. The continental shelf and the ocean floor are connected by:

b) continental slope;

c) basin.

3. The deepest parts of the world's oceans are:

a) gutters;

b) continental slope;

c) hollows.

4.70% of the ocean floor is occupied by:

a) hollows;

b) the ocean bed;

c) mid-ocean ridges.

5. A single mountain system at the bottom of the ocean is:

a) continental slope;

b) mid-ocean ridges;

c) gutters.

Let's summarize:

Today in the lesson:

I learned

It was interesting to me

It was difficult for me

Route sheet

Participant of the Mir research group ________________________________________________

Reference: Mir is a Russian research deep-sea manned vehicle for oceanographic research and rescue operations. It has a diving depth of up to 6 km. With the help of the Mir submersibles, hydrothermal springs were investigated in the regions of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.

Task number 1: Read the text of the textbook, item 18, page 68 with the paragraph “The most important discovery at the end of the 50s. ... "to the paragraph" ASSIGNMENT "and continue the sentences:

1. Mid-ocean ridges have a length of ____________________________________________ and ______________________________________________________________________________________

2.In the central part of the mid-oceanic ridges _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Amazing creations of nature were found here ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. In the areas of the mid-oceanic ridges, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Sign on the diagram those parts of the ocean floor that you studied

Task number 2: On the map of the oceans in the atlas pages 24 - 25 find:

A) Mid-ocean ridge in the Atlantic Ocean. It is called _______________________________________________________________________________________

B) Mid-ocean ridge in the Pacific Ocean. It is called _____________________________________________________________________________ and is located in the ___________________________________________ part of the ocean.

C) Show these mid-ocean ridges on the map at the blackboard.

Task number 3: Describe the East Pacific Rise according to the plan:

1.In what ocean and in what part is it located?

2. In what direction did it stretch and how many kilometers?

3. Between what geographical objects (hollows and continents) is located?

Task number 4: Let's put our knowledge to the test (circle your answers):

1. Part of the continental crust, continuing under water in the form of a shallow coastal plain:

a) ocean bed;

b) continental shelf;

c) continental slope

2. The continental shelf and the ocean floor are connected by:

b) continental slope;

c) basin.

3. The deepest parts of the world's oceans are:

a) gutters;

b) continental slope;

c) hollows.

4.70% of the ocean floor is occupied by:

a) hollows;

b) the ocean bed;

c) mid-ocean ridges.

5. A single mountain system at the bottom of the ocean is:

a) continental slope;

b) mid-ocean ridges;

c) gutters.

Let's summarize:

Today in the lesson:

I learned

It was interesting to me

Lesson 27Class: 6

Date: 29.09.2015

Number of hours: 1

Section 2. Shells of the Earth

Topic 1. Lithosphere and Earth's crust

Subject: §25 Ocean bottom relief

Target: Form an idea of the topography of the ocean floor. Concepts of the continental shelf (shelf), continental slope, ocean floor, mid-ocean ridge, trough.

Lesson Objectives:

Educational: Promote the formation of an understanding of the topography of the ocean floor, such as basin, shelf, slope, runoff, deep-sea trenches, island arcs.

Developing: Formation of ideas about the features of the bottom topography of the World Ocean, its composition, education and study.

Educational: To educate feelings of beauty through contemplation of the picture of the bottom of the World Ocean. Orientation towards cognition and transformation of the surrounding reality.

Lesson type: combined.

Teaching method: verbal, story, explanation, logframe (LOS)

Organization form: individual, collective, inclusive

Equipment: physical map of the world, hemispheres, terrain plan, atlas, globe, presentation

Critical thinking techniques: reflection, meditation, Geographical training-Game "The most - the most"

Success criteria:

To be able to operate with the concepts of "Continental Shoal" - "shelf", "continental slope", "deep-sea trenches", "ocean bed" - "basin", "mid-ocean ridges"

Be able to correctly identify volcanoes and mountain systems on a contour map

During the classes:

I. Organizing time(2 minutes)

II. Stage of repetition of the passed material (5 minutes)

ASSIGNMENT 1. FRONT SURVEY

What two major landforms do you know?

How are mountains divided by height?

What are the plains in height?

What forms of relief are the highlands and plateaus?

The lowest elevation mark on land is ... (-400 m).

What is the difference between the highest and lowest altitudes on Earth? (8848 m + 400 m = 9248 m.)

What are the differences in the structure of the earth's crust? (It is divided into oceanic and continental. The oceanic crust is thinner and consists of two layers; continental crust consists of three layers.)

ASSIGNMENT 2. GEOGRAPHICAL DICTANT

1. Vast weakly wavy areas with small fluctuations in heights. ( Plains.)

2. Plains with an absolute height from 0 to 200 m. ( Lowlands.)

4. Form of relief formed by temporary water flows. ( Ravine.)

5. Sandy hills, moving under the influence of winds and in the shape of a crescent. ( Dunes.)

6. Filled mountains formed by human activity. ( Waste heaps.)

7. Plain, located between the Ural Mountains and the Yenisei River. ( West Siberian.)

8. A piece of land with a height below 0 m. ( Hollow.)

9. Plateau, occupying a peninsula in the southwest of Asia. ( Arabian.)

10. A large plateau located in the east of Russia. ( Central Siberian.)

III. Learning new material (20 minutes)

The study new topic accompanied by a presentation

Let's turn to the history of the study of the ocean floor. Fernand Magellan was the first to receive information about the ocean floor. During his travels around the world in 1521, he threw a hand lullin (strong rope with a load), probably to a depth of 200 fathoms (366 meters) in the Pacific Ocean. Not reaching the bottom of the lot, he concluded that he was above the deepest place in the ocean. In fact, the depth of the bottom in the places where Magellan made measurements is 4000 meters.

In 1872-1876 English travelers on the ship " Challenger”Explored and manually measured the bottom of three oceans, made the first map of the ocean floor, thereby dispelling doubts that the bottom is flat and sandy.

Later, the French oceanologist Jacques-Yves Cousteau will make many discoveries of the topography of the ocean floor and its inhabitants.

During the Second World War, an echo sounder was created, which was originally designed to track enemy submarines.

Sounder emits sound signals that reach the bottom, bounce off it and return back to the ship. Knowing the travel time of the signal to the bottom and the speed of sound in the water, you can determine the depth of the ocean at a given point.

consider Figure 44 in the tutorial

The exploration of the oceans using an echo sounder and deep-water drilling of their bottom made it possible to get a complete picture of the topography of the bottom of the World Ocean. Today scientists distinguish three main zones of the World Ocean floor:

underwater outskirts of continents

ocean bed and

transition zone

Submarine outskirts of the continents. On the earth's surface, the border between the mainland and the ocean does not run along the coastline, but much deeper, under water. The part of the continental earth's crust that continues under ocean waters to a depth of 100-200 m is called a continental shelf or shelf.

At the bottom, you can see the continuation of landforms, for example, river beds.

Usually it is covered with sedimentary detrital rocks brought by rivers from land or formed during the destruction of banks by waves. On the shelf, minerals are extracted - oil, natural gas. The main zone of the world's marine fishing is located here. The continental shelf has different widths.

WORKING WITH THE MAP:

Get to know the map of the oceans in the atlas, tell about it according to plan.

- on the map of the oceans, determine which continents and their parts: a) the widest shelf, b) the narrowest shelf. To do this, pay attention to the color background and the depth scale.

What color is the shelf represented on the oceans map?

Teacher: Between the underwater edge of the mainland and the ocean floor, there is a zone with a complex relief. It includes island arcs and deep ocean islands. These are long, narrow depressions of the ocean floor with a depth of over 6,000 meters. The deepest oceanic trench is the Mariana Trench in the western Pacific. Its depth is 11,022 meters.

WORKING WITH THE MAP:

Find the Mariana Trench on the oceans map

What is the color of the deep sea trenches on the oceans map?

Which oceans do not have deep sea trenches?

Ocean bed. The ocean floor occupies over 70% bottom and has the largest - hollows, the depth of which is from 4 to 7 thousand meters. The hollows are separated by ridges and hills. High cones of volcanoes rise thousands of meters above the bottom of the hollows. The actors spew lava, which is carried by water streams and settles to the bottom. Extinct volcanoes have flat peaks because aligned by currents. The same volcanoes that died out began to collapse; they have flat peaks aligned with currents. In the warm waters on the tops of extinct volcanoes, coral colonies settle, forming coral islands in the form of a ring with an inland reservoir - these are atolls.

Volcanoes that rise above the water form volcanic islands. Examples of such volcanoes are the Hawaiian Islands and the Kuril Islands.

At a depth of 5000 meters, it is already dark, sunlight does not enter, deep-sea inhabitants live, the relief is quite even - these are underwater plains or they are called hollows.

WORKING WITH THE MAP:

using a map of the oceans, give examples of depressions and ridges of the ocean floor

Teacher: The most important discovery at the end of the 50s of the 20th century. became the mid-ocean ridges. These are the largest forms of the World Ocean, forming a single mountain system, more than 60 thousand km long. Their relative height is 3-4 km., Width is up to 2 thousand km. A rift usually runs along the axis of the uplift, which is a gorge up to 3 km deep and up to 50 km wide. The gorge divides the uplift into two parts, the slopes of which abruptly break off towards the gorge and gently descend towards the ocean floor. The water temperature at the bottom of the gorge is very high, so the substances dissolved in the water begin to interact with each other, forming sulfuric acid. The acid interacts with the erupted magma, resulting in tall cone-shaped structures. Black clouds form above the cones. These amazing creations of nature are called "black smokers".

At the bottom of the gorge there is an outpouring of magma basalts, hot springs. On the slopes of the ridges, volcanoes, since most often the middle ridges are the boundaries between the lithospheric plates.

The widest mid-ocean ridges are found in the Pacific Ocean, the East Pacific Rise. Where the tops of the mid-ocean ridges come to the surface, islands are formed (Iceland) There are also individual mountain ranges in the ocean (the Lomonosov Ridge in the Arctic Ocean).

IV. Consolidation of new knowledge, abilities, skills (10 minutes)

ANSWER QUESTIONS AND SHOW ON MAP:

Use the oceans map to locate the mid-ocean ridges in the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans.

In which ocean is the widest middle ridge?

Which large island is part of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge?

Find islands formed by volcanic activity. (Kuril, Hawaiian, etc.)

Find atoll islands formed by the activity of coral polyps (corals).

They are shown in red brackets on maps. If the buildings of the corals have not reached the level of the ocean surface, then they are coral reefs. The longest coral reef is located off the northeastern coast of Australia - it is the Great Barrier Reef.

V. Reflection (3 minutes)

UNFINISHED PROPOSALS METHODOLOGY

Today in the lesson I learned….

It was interesting for me ... ..

The hardest part was ... ..

Now I can explain why ... ..

Vi. Homework(3 minutes)

§25 - answer questions. Draw the largest mountain systems of the Earth on a contour map.

Thank you for the attention! Goodbye!

Baidildaeva Dinara Nurpeisova, KSU "Secondary School named after Bezrodnykh", teacher of geography.

Geography class 6

Lesson topic: The relief of the bottom of the World Ocean

Goals:

Educational: the study of new material, the introduction of the basic concepts: "Continental Shoal" - "shelf", "continental slope", "deep-sea trenches", "ocean floor" - "hollow", "mid-ocean ridges";

Developing: formation of an idea about the features of the bottom topography of the World Ocean, its composition, education and study. Continue the formation of the ability to work with a geographical map, development of skills and planning of their activities, consolidation of the skills of independent work with the map; continue to work on the formation of the establishment of cause-and-effect relationships;

Educational: foster a sense of friendship, camaraderie, the ability to work in a team, independently and responsibly prepare for the lesson, increase interest in the study of geography.

Forms and methods: Explanatory illustrative; partially search engine; demonstrative, independent work with a textbook, conversation, work with a map and atlas.

Lesson type: Combined.

Equipment: presentation, a map of the oceans in the atlas, a textbook, a physical map of the hemispheres, "The relief of the bottom of the World Ocean" in a textbook and on a blackboard, tests.

DURING THE CLASSES

І. Organizing time

Hello guys! Sit down. I ask you to be attentive and collected during the lesson. much while studying the topic will depend on you.

II. Homework survey

ІІІ. Learning new material:

Setting the goals of the lesson.

Today we will make a trip to the bottom of the World Ocean.

You already know that the earth's crust is the hard shell of the Earth. The earth's crust is of two types, continental and oceanic. What is the difference between the continental crust and the oceanic one?

He will draw a diagram of the earth's crust on the blackboard ...

You are already familiar with the diversity of the relief of the continental crust. These are mountains, plains, lowlands.

Do you think the bottom of the World Ocean is flat or, like the continental crust, has irregularities ...

Today in the lesson we will get acquainted with the relief of the bottom of the World Ocean.

Write the topic of the lesson in a notebook: The relief of the bottom of the world ocean.

The teacher's story about the history of studying the relief of the world's oceans.

140 years ago, the English navigator James Cook on the Challenger set off on a round-the-world expedition that lasted four years. Famous scientists of various specialties were on board the ship. The Challenger was completely re-equipped: from a warship to a scientific ship of oceanography. Scientists have studied the temperature of the water at different depths. The first scientific ship passed through many seas and oceans, having made a round-the-world trip, and scientists collected so many diverse information that they had to process them for 20 years.

As a result of the information received, the first map of the ocean floor was created.

But the studies of the bottom of the world's oceans did not end there.

Modern scientists use the device to measure depth ECHO SOUNDER.

Special device, installed at the bottom of the ship's hull, sends out an audio signal. Sound hits the bottom and bounces off it. This reflected sound (echo) is captured by the echo sounder. The speed of sound propagation in the ocean is 1500 m / s. With the help of an echo sounder, thousands of measurements of the depth of the seabed are made every year. Special instruments-recorders record changes in depths along the course of the vessel.

It works like this. The action is based on the principle of measuring the time it takes for sound to get from the ship to the bottom and return back (the speed of sound propagation in water is 1500 m / sec.)

For example, the sound sent from the ship returned after 4 seconds, so it went to the bottom for 2 seconds. Therefore, the depth in this place is 3000 meters.

Write in your notebook:

ECHO Sounder - Instrument for studying the bottom topography MO

speed of sound propagation in water 1500 m / s

How can the depths of the ocean be determined from a physical map?

the relief is depicted on the map using layer-by-layer coloring. The relief of the bottom of the oceans and seas is depicted in different shades of blue color... The marks of depths and heights are also shown in numbers. For example, the deepest depth of the Black Sea is 2210 meters.

Working with the tutorial.

Currently, there are three parts of the bottom of the World Ocean:

underwater outskirts of continents

transition zone

ocean bed

Submarine outskirts of the continents.

On the earth's surface, the border between the mainland and the ocean does not run along the coastline, but much deeper, under water. Part of the continental crust continues beneath the oceans. In the relief of the underwater margin of the continent, there is a continental shelf (it is also called a shelf) and a continental slope.

The continental shelf (shelf) is a shallow, slightly hilly plain that gradually drops to 200 m below sea level. Usually it is covered with detrital rocks brought by rivers from the land or formed during the destruction of the banks. At the bottom, you can see the continuation of landforms, for example, river beds.

The continental shelf has different widths.

Working with the map - on the map of the oceans

Open the atlases on the page….

How deep is the shelf? (100-200m)

What color is the shelf zone marked on the map? (pale blue, white)

Determine which continents have the widest shelf?

To do this, pay attention to the background color and the depth scale. (in the seas of the Arctic Ocean, off the northern coast of Australia, in the Bering, Yellow, East China and South China seas, the shelf is widest, and off the western shores of the North and South America stretches in a narrow strip along the coast)

Which ocean has the largest shelf zone? (atNorthern L food ocean)

On the shores of which continent is it smaller? (Africa.)

The shelf occupies about 9% of the World Ocean area. Due to the good illumination and warmth of the water on the shelf, an abundance of marine organisms is characteristic. This is the most productive part of it, since it is here that 90% of seafood and many minerals are mined, primarily oil and natural gas.

Continental slope.

This part of the ocean floor lies below the shelf boundary (from the edge) to a depth of 2000 meters. It has steep slopes of 15-20 °, and sometimes up to 40 °. The continental slopes are characterized by increased seismicity, landslides are active. The continental slope occupies 12% of the area of the World Ocean. Its productivity is much lower than that of the shelf. Vegetable world poor due to lack of light. Animals lead a bottom life. The continental slope turns into an ocean floor.

Work with the textbook from 65. Transition zone

Open the textbooks, read (you can follow the chain) paragraph number 3 Transition zone.

What are the landforms in the transition zone? (deep sea trenches)

Give a definition to the concept of "Deep Sea Trench" (long narrow depressions of the ocean floor with a depth of over 6000m)

What is the deepest oceanic trench on Earth? (Mariana Trench)

It is located in the Western Pacific Ocean

Find the depth of the Mariana Trench on the atlas map.

Teacher's story.

Ocean bed.

The underwater edge of the continents ends with a continental slope - a relatively steep ledge to a depth of 2-3 thousand meters. It smoothly passes into the ocean floor. The ocean floor occupies more than 70% of the bottom and has the largest - hollows, the depth of which is from 4 to 7 thousand meters. The hollows are separated by ridges and hills. Mid-ocean ridges occupy the most important place in the topography of the ocean floor. These are the largest forms of the World Ocean, forming a single mountain system, more than 60 thousand km long.

On the slopes of the ridges, volcanoes, since most often the middle ridges are the boundaries between the lithospheric plates.

The widest mid-oceanic ridges are located in the Pacific Ocean - the East Pacific Rise. Where the tops of the mid-ocean ridges come to the surface, islands are formed (Iceland) There are also individual mountain ranges in the ocean (the Lomonosov Ridge in the Arctic Ocean).

A great contribution to the study of the seabed of the World Ocean has been made and continues to be made by Russian scientists. In 2007, in the summer, an expedition was organized to study the bottom of the Arctic Ocean. It includes the most famous geographers of our country. They made studies of the ocean floor, the movement of ice in it, forecasts for the development of the resources of the Arctic Ocean, and the ecological situation.

External and internal processes

Today we have studied with you the relief of the bottom of the World Ocean. What types of relief are found at the bottom of the World Ocean.

What do you find in common in the topography of the world's ocean floor?

Internal and external processes influence the formation of the sea floor relief and the land relief. Internal processes - movements of the earth's crust, earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. They create, as on land, large landforms. The external processes that form the ocean floor include sedimentation, that is, the subsidence and accumulation of products of destruction of rocks. Their distribution and movement occurs under the influence of ocean currents in the World Ocean.

IV. Consolidation of the studied material

Using a map of the oceans, name:

Mid-ocean ridges of the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific oceans

The ocean where the mid-ocean ridge forks into two ridges

The widest mid-ocean ridge

Choose the correct answer: Shelf, Shallow, Deep Sea Trench, Mariana Trench, Mid-Ocean Ridge, Sonar. 11022m, 22011m

The part of the continental crust that continues under the ocean waters to a depth of 100-200m is called ...

Long narrow depressions of the ocean floor over 6000m deep

The deepest ocean trench on Earth

A single mountain system formed on the ocean floor with a total length of over 60 thousand km

A modern instrument for measuring the depths of the oceans

The depth of the Mariana Trench ...

V. Lesson summary

Today we have studied with you the relief of the bottom of the World Ocean.

What types of relief are found at the bottom of the World Ocean.

What do you find in common in the topography of the world's ocean floor?

- The relief of the bottom of the World Ocean is as diverse as the relief of the continents.

VI... Homework:§2 5 questions at the end of a paragraph.

Geography grade 6. Lesson topic: "The relief of the bottom of the World Ocean"

23.12.2014 8289 686

Lesson objectives:

1. To acquaint students with new definitions and concepts of the topic

· continental shelf (shelf),

· continental slope,

Ocean bed,

· mid-ocean ridge,

· deep-sea depression (trough),

· Hollow.

2. To begin the formation of ideas about the features of the bottom topography of the World Ocean, its composition, formation and study.

3. To continue the formation of the ability to work with a geographic map.

DURING THE CLASSES

І. Organizing time.

Mutual greeting of teacher and students. Fixing the absent.

The bottom of the World Ocean is no less diverse than the land. Therefore, today we will make an unforgettable journey into the underwater world of the ocean. We will become members of an oceanographic expedition. The purpose of our work: to find out the main forms of the ocean floor topography, to get acquainted with their main features.

II. Updating students' knowledge.

Teacher . In previous lessons, we talked about the roughness of the land surface of the continents. Listen to the two descriptions and identify which landforms each passage is referring to. What words convinced you to draw the right conclusion.

"Sharp peaks, crowned with snow caps, shot up high into the sky. In the necklace of glaciers, they kept silence for many millennia, broken only by snow storms and avalanches ..."

"In a cart I am driving through the hills,
Sometimes there are no boundaries for the eye
And all the fields to the sides
And over the fields there are flocks of birds,
I ride for a day, I ride for two,
And all the fields, fields, fields ... ”(Maikov)

Children. The first passage gives a description of the mountains, because the author used words that characterize the mountainous relief: (sharp peaks, "snow caps", "a necklace of glaciers", snow falls).

In the quatrain, a description of the flat relief is given, because the hills are a convex relief form with a height of no more than 200 m and are characteristic only of flat relief. But the most important word that emphasizes the flat surface of the described area is the word field

Teacher. Mountains and plains are the sum total of all the unevenness of the earth's surface, differing in height. Remember how mountains and plains differ in height.

Exit to the board, and show on the map, location:

1. Caspian lowland
2. Amazonian lowland
3, Eastern European Plain
4. Mesopotamian lowland
5. Central Russian Upland
6. West Siberian Plain
7. Central Siberian plateau
8. Indo-Gangetic lowland

ІІІ. Learning new material

You are already familiar with the diversity of the relief of the continental crust. These are mountains, plains, lowlands. -Today we will make a trip to the bottom of the World Ocean.

Do you think the bottom of the World Ocean is flat or, like the continental crust, has irregularities ...

Today in the lesson we will get acquainted with the relief of the bottom of the World Ocean.

Write the topic of the lesson in a notebook: The relief of the bottom of the world ocean.

Teacher.The Earth's crust (lithosphere) is the solid shell of the Earth, as you already know, it is continental and oceanic. We have already examined the variety of the relief of the continents. the relief of the bottom of the World Ocean is no less diverse than the relief of the land.

Let's take a look at the history of ocean floor research: Fernano Magellan was the first to learn about the ocean floor. During his travels around the world in 1521, he threw a hand-made lullin, probably down to 200 fathoms (366 meters) in the Pacific Ocean. Not reaching the bottom of the lot, he concluded that he was above the deepest place in the ocean. In fact, the depth of the bottom in the places where Magellan made measurements is 4000 meters. 140 years ago, the English navigator James Cook on the Challenger set off on a round-the-world expedition that lasted four years. Famous scientists of various specialties were on board the ship. The Challenger was completely re-equipped: from a warship to a scientific ship of oceanography. Scientists have studied the temperature of the water at different depths. The first scientific ship passed through many seas and oceans, having made a round-the-world trip, and scientists collected so many diverse information that they had to process them for 20 years. English travelers on the Challenger explored and manually measured the bottom of three oceans, made the first map of the ocean floor, thereby dispelling doubts that the bottom was flat and sandy. Later, the French oceanologist Jacques-Yves Cousteau will make many discoveries of the topography of the ocean floor and its inhabitants.

But the studies of the bottom of the world's oceans did not end there. During the Second World War, an echo sounder was created, which was originally designed to track enemy submarines. But later this device began to be used for measuring depths. And at the end of the 50s of the XX century, a bathyscaphe was invented, capable of diving to great depths.

Modern scientists use the device to measure depth ECHO SOUNDER.

A special device installed in the lower part of the ship's hull sends a sound signal. Sound hits the bottom and bounces off it. This reflected sound (echo) is captured by the echo sounder. The speed of sound propagation in the ocean is 1500 m / s. With the help of an echo sounder, thousands of measurements of the depth of the seabed are made every year. Special instruments-recorders record changes in depths along the course of the vessel.

For example, the sound sent from the ship returned after 4 seconds, so it went to the bottom for 2 seconds. Therefore, the depth in this place is 3000 meters.

Write in your notebook:

ECHO Sounder - Instrument for studying the bottom topography MO
speed of sound propagation in water 1500 m / s

How can the depths of the ocean be determined from a physical map?

the relief is depicted on the map using layer-by-layer coloring. The relief of the bottom of the oceans and seas is depicted in various shades of blue. The marks of depths and heights are also shown in numbers. For example, the deepest depth of the Black Sea is 2210 meters.

Today, scientists distinguish three main parts of the ocean floor:

1. Submarine outskirts of the continents.

2. Ocean bed.

3. Transition zone.

Teacher. On the earth's surface, the border between the mainland and the ocean does not run along the coastline, but much deeper, under water. Part of the continental crust continues beneath the oceans. In the relief of the underwater outskirts of the continent stands out continental shelf ( it is also called shelf) and continental slope .

The continental shelf is a shallow, slightly hilly plain that gradually drops to 200 m below ocean level. Usually it is covered with detrital rocks brought by rivers from the land or formed during the destruction of the banks. At the bottom, you can see the continuation of landforms, for example, river beds.

The continental shelf has different widths. Working with the map - on the map of continents and oceans, determine which continents and their parts have the widest shelf. To do this, pay attention to the color background and the depth scale.

What color is the shelf zone marked on the map? (pale blue, white)

What is the depth of the shelf? (100-200m)

Determine which continents have the widest shelf?

(in the seas of the Arctic Ocean, off the northern coast of Australia, in the Bering, Yellow, East China and South China seas, the shelf is the widest, and along the western coast of North and South America it stretches in a narrow strip along the coast)

Which ocean has the largest shelf zone? (Arctic Ocean)

On the shores of which continent is it smaller? (Africa.)

The underwater edge of the continents ends with a continental slope - a relatively steep ledge to a depth of 2-3 thousand meters. It smoothly passes into the ocean floor. The ocean floor occupies more than 70% of the bottom and has the largest - hollows, the depth of which is from 4 to 7 thousand meters. The hollows are separated by ridges and hills. High cones of volcanoes rise thousands of meters above the bottom of the hollows. The actors spew lava, which is carried by water streams and settles to the bottom. Extinct volcanoes have flat peaks because aligned by currents. Volcanoes that rise above the water form volcanic islands. Examples of such volcanoes are the Hawaiian Islands and the Kuril Islands ( work with the map)

The most important place in the topography of the ocean floor is occupied bymid-ocean ridges. These are the largest forms of the World Ocean, forming a single mountain system, more than 60 thousand km long.

Mid-ocean ridges are swell-like uplifts of the earth's crust. Their relative height is 3-4 km., Width is up to 2 thousand km. A rift usually passes along the axis of the uplift, which is a gorge up to 3 km deep, up to 50 km wide. The gorge divides the uplift into two parts, the slopes of which abruptly break off towards the gorge and gently descend towards the ocean floor. At the bottom of the gorge there is an outpouring of magma basalts, hot springs. On the slopes of the ridges, volcanoes, since most often the middle ridges are the boundaries between the lithospheric plates.

The widest mid-ocean ridges are located in the Pacific Ocean - the East Pacific Rise. Where the tops of the mid-ocean ridges come to the surface, islands are formed (Iceland) There are also individual mountain ranges in the ocean (the Lomonosov Ridge in the Arctic Ocean).

At the bottom of the oceans, there are also unusual landforms - deep-sea trenches. These are narrow and long (hundreds and thousands of kilometers) depressions with steep slopes and an almost flat bottom, more than 6,000 m deep. The deepest trench on Earth is the Mariana trench (11,022 m).

Teacher.Children, what can you say about the topography of the ocean floor.

Children.That the topography of the seabed of the World Ocean is as diverse as the topography of the land .

Teacher.we came to the general conclusion that the topography of the bottom of the World Ocean is as diverse as the topography of the land, and it is also formed by internal and external forces.

What processes affect the bottom topography of the World Ocean?

First, let's name and explain the internal processes: the movement of the earth's crust, earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, the result of their activity is the raising and lowering of the bottom, faults in the earth's crust, the formation of volcanic islands.

Let's talk about external processes.

Are the winds blowing in the ocean? Often students answer "yes", you need to explain to them that we mean the bottom of the ocean. And they answer in the negative.

There are sudden changes in temperature ? No. Can animals and plants greatly alter the topography of the ocean floor? No.

The main external process is the formation of sedimentary rocks. Clastic rocks form on the continental shelf, while organic rocks form on the ocean floor. Continental sediments were formed by washing them off the land. They cover mainly the ocean shelf, and in some places their thickness reaches 4000 m. At the very coast, pebbles, sand are often deposited here, and the smallest particles that form clay are deposited. Inland sediments cover about 1/4 of the entire surface of the seabed.

Guys, where do organic sedimentary rocks form in the ocean?

Remains of shells of mollusks, skeletons of animals, dead remains of algae, come to an understanding of the complexity of the processes occurring in the ocean during the formation of the relief.

Oceanic sediments, generated by the ocean itself, cover 3/4 of the seabed, but their thickness does not exceed 200 m. These are primarily the remains of the inhabitants of the ocean. Volcanic ash also settles here, which sometimes spreads thousands of kilometers around during volcanic eruptions.

IV. Securing new material Using a map of the oceans, name:

Mid-ocean ridges of the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific oceans

1.70% of the ocean floor is occupied by:

a) hollows;

b) gutters;

c) mid-ocean ridges.

2. A unified system of mountain structures on the ocean floor is:

a) continental slope;

b) mid-ocean ridges;

c) gutters.

3. Part of the continent, continuing under water in the form of a shallow coastal plain is:

a) ocean bed;

b) continental slope;

c) shelf.

4. The deepest parts of the world's oceans are:

a) gutters;

b) continental slope;

c) hollows.

a) the Philippine Trench;

b) the Mariana Trench;

c) Sunda Trench.

6. The smallest depths of the World Ocean are observed:

a) on the ocean floor;

b) in the gutters;

c) on the continental shelf.

7. On the physical map of the hemispheres, determine what form of the bottom relief of the World

ocean is located at a point with coordinates 40? sh., and 60 z. etc.

a) continental shelf (shelf);

b) mid-ocean ridge;

c) gutter.

Answers to the test

IV.Lesson summary

Today we have studied with you the relief of the bottom of the World Ocean. What types of relief are found at the bottom of the World Ocean.

What do you find in common in the topography of the world's ocean floor?

the topography of the bottom of the World Ocean is as diverse as the topography of the continents

V.Homework. § 22, read, mark on a contour map the largest mid-ocean ridges and depressions of the ocean floor.

Vi. Grading

Thank you for the lesson. Goodbye!

Download material

See the download file for the full text of the material.
The page contains only a fragment of the material.

Baidildaeva Dinara Nurpeisova, KSU "Secondary School named after Bezrodnykh", teacher of geography.
Geography grade 6

Lesson topic: The relief of the bottom of the World Ocean
Goals:
Educational: the study of new material, the introduction of basic concepts: "Continental Shoal" - "shelf", "continental slope", "deep-sea trenches", "ocean floor" - "hollow", "mid-ocean ridges";
Developing: the formation of an idea about the features of the bottom topography of the World Ocean, its composition, education and study. Continue the formation of the ability to work with a geographical map, development of skills and planning of their activities, consolidation of the skills of independent work with the map; continue to work on the formation of the establishment of cause-and-effect relationships;
Educational: foster a sense of friendship, camaraderie, the ability to work in a team, independently and responsibly prepare for the lesson, increase interest in the study of geography.
Forms and Methods: Explanatory illustrative; partially search engine; demonstrative, independent work with a textbook, conversation, work with a map and atlas.
Lesson type: Combined.
Equipment: presentation, map of the oceans in the atlas, textbook, physical map of the hemispheres, “Topography of the World Ocean bottom” in the textbook and on the blackboard, tests.
DURING THE CLASSES
І. Organizing time
Hello guys! Sit down. I ask you to be attentive and collected during the lesson. much while studying the topic will depend on you.
II. Homework survey
ІІІ. Learning new material:
Setting the goals of the lesson.
-Today we will make a trip to the bottom of the World Ocean.
You already know that the earth's crust is the hard shell of the Earth. The earth's crust is of two types, continental and oceanic. What is the difference between the continental crust and the oceanic one?
- Draw a diagram of the earth's crust on the board
- You are already familiar with the diversity of the relief of the continental crust. These are mountains, plains, lowlands.
Do you think the bottom of the World Ocean is flat or, like the continental crust, has irregularities
Today in the lesson we will get acquainted with the relief of the bottom of the World Ocean.
Write down the topic of the lesson in a notebook: The relief of the bottom of the world's oceans.

The teacher's story about the history of studying the relief of the world's oceans.
- 140 years ago, the English navigator James Cook on the Challenger set off on a round-the-world expedition that lasted four years. Famous scientists of various specialties were on board the ship. The Challenger was completely re-equipped: from a warship to a scientific ship of oceanography. Scientists have studied the temperature of the water at different depths. The first scientific ship passed through many seas and oceans, having made a round-the-world trip, and scientists collected so many diverse information that they had to process them for 20 years.
As a result of the information received, the first map of the ocean floor was created.
“But the exploration of the world's ocean floor did not end there.
- Modern scientists use the ECHOLOT device to measure depths.
A special device installed in the lower part of the ship's hull sends a sound signal. Sound hits the bottom and bounces off it. This reflected sound (echo) is captured by the echo sounder. The speed of sound propagation in the ocean is 1500 m / s. With the help of an echo sounder, thousands of measurements of the depth of the seabed are made every year. Special instruments-recorders record changes in depths along the course of the vessel.
It works like this. The action is based on the principle of measuring the time it takes for sound to get from the ship to the bottom and return back (the speed of sound propagation in water is 1500 m / sec.)
For example, the sound sent from the ship returned after 4 seconds, so it went to the bottom for 2 seconds. Therefore, the depth in this place is 3000 meters.
Write in your notebook:
ECHOLOT - A device for studying the bottom topography MO
speed of sound propagation in water 1500 m / s
- How can you determine the depths of the ocean from a physical map?
the relief is depicted on the map using layer-by-layer coloring. The relief of the bottom of the oceans and seas is depicted in various shades of blue. The marks of depths and heights are also shown in numbers. For example, the deepest depth of the Black Sea is 2210 meters.
Working with the tutorial.
Currently, there are three parts of the bottom of the World Ocean:
underwater outskirts of continents
transition zone
ocean bed
Submarine outskirts of the continents.
On the earth's surface, the border between the mainland and the ocean does not run along the coastline, but much deeper, under water. Part of the continental crust continues beneath the oceans. In the relief of the underwater margin of the continent, there is a continental shelf (it is also called a shelf) and a continental slope.
The continental shelf is a shallow, slightly hilly plain that gradually drops to 200 m below ocean level. Usually it is covered with detrital rocks brought by rivers from the land or formed during the destruction of the banks. At the bottom, you can see the continuation of landforms, for example, river beds.
The continental shelf has different widths.
Working with the map - on the map of the oceans
Open the atlases on the page.
-What is the depth of the shelf? (100-200m)
- What color is the shelf zone marked on the map? (pale blue, white)
- Determine which continents have the widest shelf?
To do this, pay attention to the background color and the depth scale. (in the seas of the Arctic Ocean, off the northern coast of Australia, in the Bering, Yellow, East China and South China seas, the shelf is the widest, and off the western shores of North and South America it stretches in a narrow strip along the coast)
-Which ocean has the largest shelf zone? (near the Arctic Ocean)
- On the coast of which continent is it smaller? (Africa.)
The shelf occupies about 9% of the World Ocean area. Due to the good illumination and warmth of the water on the shelf, an abundance of marine organisms is characteristic. This is the most productive part of it, since it is here that 90% of seafood and many minerals are mined, primarily oil and natural gas.
Continental slope.
This part of the ocean floor lies below the shelf boundary (from the edge) to a depth of 2000 meters. It has steep slopes of 15-20 °, and sometimes up to 40 °. The continental slopes are characterized by increased seismicity, landslides are active. The continental slope occupies 12% of the area of the World Ocean. Its productivity is much lower than that of the shelf. The flora is poor due to lack of light. Animals lead a bottom life. The continental slope turns into an ocean floor.
Work with the textbook from 65. Transition zone
Open the textbooks, read (you can follow the chain) paragraph number 3 Transition zone.
- What are the forms of relief in the transition zone? (deep sea trenches)
- Give a definition to the concept of "Deep-sea oceanic trench" (long narrow depressions of the bottom of the oceans with a depth of over 6000m)
- What is the deepest oceanic trench on Earth? (Mariana Trench)
- It is located in the Western Pacific Ocean
- Find the depth of the Mariana Trench on the atlas map.
Teacher's story.
Ocean bed.
The underwater edge of the continents ends with a continental slope - a relatively steep ledge to a depth of 2-3 thousand meters. It smoothly passes into the ocean floor. The ocean floor occupies more than 70% of the bottom and has the largest - hollows, the depth of which is from 4 to 7 thousand meters. The hollows are separated by ridges and hills. Mid-ocean ridges occupy the most important place in the topography of the ocean floor. These are the largest forms of the World Ocean, forming a single mountain system, more than 60 thousand km long.
On the slopes of the ridges, volcanoes, since most often the middle ridges are the boundaries between the lithospheric plates.
The widest mid-oceanic ridges are located in the Pacific Ocean - the East Pacific Rise. Where the tops of the mid-ocean ridges come to the surface, islands are formed (Iceland) There are also individual mountain ranges in the ocean (the Lomonosov Ridge in the Arctic Ocean).
A great contribution to the study of the seabed of the World Ocean has been made and continues to be made by Russian scientists. In 2007, in the summer, an expedition was organized to study the bottom of the Arctic Ocean. It includes the most famous geographers of our country. They made studies of the ocean floor, the movement of ice in it, forecasts for the development of the resources of the Arctic Ocean, and the ecological situation.
External and internal processes
Today we have studied with you the relief of the bottom of the World Ocean. What types of relief are found at the bottom of the World Ocean.
What do you find in common in the topography of the world's ocean floor?
Internal and external processes influence the formation of the sea floor relief and the land relief. Internal processes - movements of the earth's crust, earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. They create, as on land, large landforms. The external processes that form the ocean floor include sedimentation, that is, the subsidence and accumulation of products of destruction of rocks. Their distribution and movement occurs under the influence of ocean currents in the World Ocean.
IV. Consolidation of the studied material
Using a map of the oceans, name:
- mid-oceanic ridges of the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific oceans
- the ocean where the mid-ocean ridge forks into two ridges
- the widest mid-ocean ridge
Choose the correct answer: Shelf, Shallow, Deep Sea Trench, Mariana Trench, Mid-Ocean Ridge, Sonar. 11022m, 22011m
The part of the continental crust that continues under ocean waters to a depth of 100-200 m is called
Long narrow depressions of the ocean floor over 6000m deep
The deepest ocean trench on Earth
A single mountain system formed on the ocean floor with a total length of over 60 thousand km
A modern instrument for measuring the depths of the oceans
Depth of the Mariana Trench
V. Lesson summary
-We have studied with you the relief of the bottom of the World Ocean.
What types of relief are found at the bottom of the World Ocean.
-What do you find in common in the land relief of the world's ocean floor?
- The relief of the bottom of the World Ocean is as diverse as the relief of the continents
Vi. Homework: §25 questions at the end of the paragraph.