Farm consonant in the root of the words examples. Writing words with pair consults at the end of the word. III. Wordwork

In any text, it is very important to not allow mistakes, especially related to pair consults, because it is precisely for their presence or absence to judge the level of human literacy. Sometimes it is completely unclear what the letter should stand in certain words, and therefore errors are allowed in writing them. The main reason for which this is happening is the discrepancy in pronunciation and designation on the letter.

For example, in the word "mushroom" during pronunciation, we clearly hear the sound "P", but we write necessarily "b". In order to accurately be confident in this, you need to check its designation. This is helped by test words. In our case, we can simply change the number, as a result of which we get the word "mushrooms", where the ring sound "b" is accurately heard. First you need to say that any pair consonant in the Word may be in a weak or strong position. If, after the pair of consonants, there is a vowel or sonorous consonant, including L, M, N, P, then it is possible to accurately say that the position of the pairwise consonant is strong. If the pair consonant is located at the end of the word, or after it there is another pair consonant, this means that it is in a weak position. It is quite clear that to verify the correct writing, we will have to change the word to bring it into a strong position. To be confident in the right spell, you can use such a check as a change in the number, as described above. In this case, after the verifiable consonant, a vowel sound is heard. However, note that if you need to check the letter in the middle of the word, then this method will not suit you. For example, the word "frost": we change the number and get "frosts", in this word we clearly hear the sound "s". But in the word "fish" in the multiple number we get "fish" - as we can see the situation has not changed, we are in terms of "P". Many error can write this way, but this method cannot be used to use this word.

Checking the steam consonants, located in the middle of the word, is done differently. It is necessary to pick up single words in such a way that after the sound that we check, there was a ring consonant sound. In the word "fish" for the correct check of the steam room "B" we select a single word, for example, "Fisherman". Now you can definitely be sure that here we will write the letter "b". If the steam consonant letter is in the console, then its writing is subordinate to several other rules. In the prefixes that end on the s or s, koim, it is possible, unbending, once, and so on, in front of deaf consonants is written only with, in all other cases it is necessary to write s. For example: useless, artial, rates, take advantage; But take a nap, trouble-free, excite, expand, render and so on.

There are words in which the verification of the correct writing is impossible. These, for example, are "tomorrow", "breakfast", "suddenly." In this case, they must be remembered. If you hardly do it, you can always use the dictionary.

From all of the above, you can make one simple conclusion: To know exactly how to write a steam consonant, in which you doubt, put it in a strong position, that is, make a vowel or sonorny consonant after it. In the case of consoles, always take into account the next after the steam consonant sound. And if the word verification is not possible, use the dictionary.

What is the sound? This is the minimum component of human speech. Depicted by letters. In writing, the sounds from letters are distinguished by the presence of the first square brackets used in phonetic transcription. Letter - oh, sound - [o]. Transcription shows the differences in writing and pronunciation. Apostrophe [ ‘ ] Specifies the softness of pronunciation.

In contact with

Sounds are divided into:

• Vowels. They can be easily dramatically. When they are created, the language does not take active participation, fixing in the same position. The sound is created due to changes in the position of the language, lips, various vibrations vibrations and air supply strength. The length of vowels - the base of vocal art(Swimming, "singing smooth").
• The consonant sounds are negotiated with the participation of the language, which, occupying a certain position and form, creates an obstacle to the movement of air from the lungs. This leads to the appearance of noise in the oral cavity. At the output, they are converted into the sound. Also, the free passage of air is hampered by the lips that are closed-unfolded during speech.

The consonants are divided into:

• deaf and ringing. The deafness and sound belligence depends on the operation of the speech apparatus;
• solid and soft. The sound is determined by the position of the letter in the word.

Letters denoting consonants

Deaf

Deaf in Russian: [K], [P], [C], [T], [F], [x], [C], [sh]. The easiest way is to remember the phrase, and not a set of letters, "Step saw, do you want a helmet? Fi! "Containing them all.

An example in which all the consonant sounds are deaf: a rooster, honeycomb, pin.

Ringing

In their formation, the form of the language is close to the form producing deaf, but vibrations are added. Winning consonant sounds create active vibrations of ligaments. Vibration deform sound wave, and in the oral cavity is not a clean air flow, but the sound. In the future, it is additionally transformed by the language and lips.

By ringing consonants belong: b, in, g, d, g, s, y, l, m, n, r.

With their pronunciation in the region of the larynx, voltage is clearly felt. In addition, it is practically impossible to talk their clear whisper.

A word in which all consonant sounds are ringing: Rome, Pride, ash, Liman.

Consolidated consonant table (deaf and ringing).

It is by changing the sound of the sound Russian speech is enriched with various words close to writing and pronunciation, but absolutely different in value. For example: House, the court is itching, the code is a year.

Paired consonants

What does the pair mean? Two letters close to sound, when the pronunciation of which language occupies similar positions, call paired consonants. The pronunciation of consonants can be divided into one-stage (lips and languages \u200b\u200band languages \u200b\u200bare involved in their creation) and binders are the first to connect, then the mouth. Those cases when the pronunciation of the mouth coincide, and create pairs.

Summary table of paired consonants, taking into account hardness and softness

In the speech, it is typically not to pronounce every letter, and "eat" it. This is not the exception of Russian speech. Such is found in almost all languages \u200b\u200bof the world and is particularly contrastingly noticeable in English. In Russian, this effect is subject to the rule: paired consonant sounds are replaced (on hearing) each other during speech. For example: Love is [l 'u b o f'].

But not everyone has their own pair. There is no other pronunciation on any other unpaired consonants. Playback technique is different from the pronunciation of other sounds and combines them into groups.

Paired consonants

Unpaired consonants

The first group can pronounce soft. The second has no analogues in pronunciation.

Unpaired consonants are divided into:

• sonora - [th '], [l], [l'], [m], [m '], [n], [n'], [p], [p ']. With their pronunciation, air flow strikes the upper heaven as the dome;
• hissing - [x], [x '], [c], [h'], [sh '].

Russian language contains letters that are complex in context for perception. Sounds [h], [th], [C], [n] ringing or deaf? Learn these 4 letters!

Important![h] - deaf! [th] - Call! [C] is deaf! [N] - Call!

Unpaired consonants

Solid and soft

They are the same by writing, but different on sound. Deaf and voiced consonants, with the exception of hissing, can be pronounced firmly or gently. For example: [b] was - [B`] beat; [T] Current - [t`] Teke.

When a solid pronunciation is pressed the tip of the language. Soft formed thanks to pressed to the top sky of the middle part of the language.

In speech, the sound determines the subsequent consonant letter.

The vowels form a couple: A-I, UV, E-E, s, Oh.

Two-tone vowels (I, E, YU, E) are pronounced by one of two combinations: the sound [th] and the steam room is vowel from e, o, y, and either a soft sign and steam room vowels. For example, the word Jung. It is pronounced as [n] [y] [n] [g] [a]. Or mint word. It is pronounced as: [m '] [a] [t] [a]. Vowels a, o, y, e, s don't have double sound, so do not affect the pronunciation of the standing consonant.

Example Differences:

Spoon - Luke, Honey - Sea, Housewood.

Phonetic transcription:

[L o g k a] - [l 'y k], [m' o d] - [m o p 'e], [d o m] - [d' and t e l].

Pronunciation rules:

• solids are pronounced before A, O, Y, E, S. Dusting, side, beech, bantley, past;
• soft pronounced in front of me, Yu, Yu, E, I. Revenge, honey, whale, puree, mint;
• solids are pronounced if there is another consonant after them: death. After the consonant [s], it is consonant [M]. Regardless of whether mild m, ringing or solid, with pronounced firmly;
• solid pronounced if the letter is the last in the word: class, house;
• the consonants before vowels [e] in borrowed words are pronounced firmly, as before [e]. For example: Kushne - [K] [a] [sh] [n] [e];
• always soft before b: Elk, flesh.
• exceptions from the rules:
  • always solid, sh, c: life, spikes, cyanide;
  • always soft th, h, sh: white, black, pike.

Attention!A deaf letter does not always indicate the same sound. It depends on the position in the word.

Solid and soft sounds

Stunning

Russian has a stunning concept - some ringing sounds like a deaf The consonants of the pair.

This is not a defect of speech, but on the contrary - is considered to be the criterion of its purity and correctness. But this rule works only with pair consults. For example, [g] in speech is often replaced by [x]. This refers to a defect, since [g], approximate to [x], is considered a distinctive feature of the Ukrainian language. His use in Russian speech is incorrect. Exception - the Word of God.

Rules and examples:

• the letter is the last in the word: tooth - [ZUP], discharge - [p r o p '];
• after the letter there is a deaf consonant: Syrozhka - [with a].

There is a reverse process - sponge. Means that in speech deaf pronounced how pairn them call. Sviscondium is justified when they stand in confidence consonants: the transaction is [s d 'e l to a].

Consonants ringing and deaf solid and soft

The consonants are ringing and deaf. Russian lesson in grade 5

It is enough to change the word so that after the incomprehensible consonant stood a vowel. W. Highlight the first sound in the word Stone. Thank you for your feedback. If our project you liked and you are ready to help or take part in it, transfer information about the project to familiar and colleagues.

We will learn to check the doubles consonants at the root with the help of a vowel letter. Perform a lot of entertaining tasks. The consonants are the sounds of speech opposite to vowels, and in combination with which words form. During their formation, a narrowing of the voice tract occurs. The consonants that are formed with the participation of voice and noise are called ringing.

Absolutely all paired consonants are distinguished by the presence of voices (ring sounds) or its absence (deaf sounds). Sounds, - unpaired deaf. Sh '], - long hissing sounds, steaming according to deafness-belling. Friends from the Crying Forest remembered a lot: more consonants than vowels. Consults can not be sweat. They are pronounced with noise and voice: B, F, Z. or only with noise: P, T, F. Agreements are ringing deaf pair unpaired.

Checking paired consonant sounds in the root of the word

Calling "F" pair will be deaf "sh". For example: heat - ball. "I understood," said the teeth. The deaf sound is the same as the ringing, but said quietly, without voice. No, it is not necessary to teach all the words by heart, - calm Vasilisa. The disciples invented such words: fly, king, moon, knight. And then we will understand exactly - what letter you need to write.

Let's find together in the Russian alphabet of these single. He did not notice this because he looked at the moon. And here he entered his faithful knight. And moved the fly. Well done! Whether the ringing, or more trick, cat is a cat, a year - year. Singing without difficulty. And at the end of the letter you will probably write. W. Find the letters on the canvas that indicate these sounds. Let's play the game "Live Letter." Find in the notebook and circle these letters, and I will argue them in the trailer.

Watch what "paired consonants" is in other dictionaries:

W. What was the wolf in the fairy tale "three pigs"? From plasticine blind this pair of consonants. 81. Words with combinations of consonant SC, ST, ZG, ZD. In these combinations, the first consonant is usually unroverable. There are steady consonants according to deafness - the bells: Bd, VF, Mr., Dt, Jf, 3-s. The consonant is in a weak position in the case when it is in the end of the word or before the deaf consonant.

Paired consonants in a weak position

Inclusion in the lesson. Actualization of knowledge. Today, we will spend a study on the problem of "spelling of consonants in the root of the word". But to study, we take certain words on the topic "Lie in the garden, in the garden ...".

Children, and what else were you noticed, from the point of view of letters of pair consonants, where are they located? Right. And we know this from the lessons on the burden. If not to wash the fruit, then you can get sick, to be in the hospital. Task: You need to change the data on the word slide so that the pair consonant in the Word should be checked. In the middle of the word, before the deaf consonants, as we assumed at the beginning of the lesson. - Let's pick up the words to them by following our rule.

Classification of consonants.

You must add a story recorded on the slide, words from the theme of our lesson "Lie in the garden, in the garden ...". At the same time, pairs of sounds on the belling and deafness are distinguished, always ringing (the term "sonorous" is not introduced) and always deaf. The teacher draws the attention of students to the fact that the sounds of the Bd, VF, Mr., Dr., Jf, Z-C form a pair of sounds from which one ringing, the other deaf. Similarly, students come to the conclusion that consonants X, C, H-nepal deaf.

Free help with homework

Student I class, operating with phonetic knowledge, explains the writing of words with pair consults as follows: "In the word flag at the end, I hear a pair consonant sound," it means that the word must be checked. Each consonant has signs that distinguish it from other consonant sounds.

Natalia Kiselevova, teacher GOU SOSH No. 500 Moscow

51. Explain on the table how you can check the writing of pair consonants. The letters that are written in words according to the rules are called orphograms. 52. Explain whether it is necessary to check and how to check the spelling missing in the words of the orfogs. We have a lot of people who will help you here in addition, my last question was resolved in less than 10 minutes: D, in any case, you can just log in and try to add your question.

Speech sounds, consisting of either one noise, or from voice and noise, which is formed in the oral cavity, where the air exhaled from the lungs is encouraged by various obstacles. Pick up the names of nouns in the multiple number in the sense, in the parental case. They belong to each other by deaf-belling and hardness-softness. The consonants that are formed only with noise are called deaf.

The leading Vasilisa asked to repeat everything that studies learned about the consonants. Although the pair of these consonants, but they are still very different. But only those in which the pair consonant requires check, and write them correctly using our rule. The designation on the letter of which consonant should be checked in these words? They have the letters of paired consonants stand in the end of the word. - And what part of the speech are words-rationals?

Deaf and ring consonants

Paired deaf consonants p, f, t, with(and appropriate soft), k, S.at the end of the word and before deaf consonants can be transmitted according to letters p or b. , f. or in , t. or d. , from or z. , to or g. , sh or j. . The same letters can pass by paired ringing sounds. b, in, d, s(and appropriate soft), g, J.before the paired ringing consonants (except in). To properly write in these cases a consonant letter, you need to choose another form of the same word or another word, where in the same significant part of the word (the same root, console, suffix) the verifiable consonant is in front of the vowel or before consonants. P, L, M, N, in (and appropriate soft).

For example:

1) at the end of the word: d. b. (cf. oak, Dubok), red p (stupid stupid), gR bY (rob), s pJ (ramp), but from (nOS.), in z. (near), gO d. (of the year), cRO t. (cROTA), wife t. (married), hand in (sleeve), cRO v (blood, blood), strong f. (penalties, penalty, penalty), dismissed to (mock, mock, wet), sinya to (synyaki), mO g. (maybe could), majals sh (baby, baby), monta j. (mounting, mounting), dRO boss (tremors, trembling); hemorough zy (frost, frost, frost) I. hemorough sch (hemoros, dried up);

2) before consonant:

a) before the deaf: d. b.ki.(cf. oaks, Dubok), shy pka(rags, rag, rag, rag), ku pc.(merchant), about inc.(sheep), lo inkiy.(trap), hand inchick(sleeve), scale f.chick(cabinets), n. z.kiy.(low), mi. fromka(bowl), V. schka(Vasya), Ku zyka(Kuzya, Kuzma), ka d.ka(dask), me. t.kiy.(metters.), ko g.t.(claw), lo tot.(elbow), b. g.gUSTs(run, running), lo j.ka(spoon, spoon), room shka(rooms), wings shko(wings); ahead j.ku(embroider) I. ahead shku(mix), su. pchick(soups) I. su. b.chick(subject);

b) before paired ringing (except in): molo. t.ba.(thresh), sW dyba.(weddings, wedding ; Do not check in a word watch), ho dyba.(go), pro schba.(ask), re zyba.(cut), vol shba.(magic), bo j.ba.(swear), nest j.yes(hostile), j. g.(wall, burn), j. to give(watch).

Exceptions: in words holeand drilwritten from Although there are verbs reject (sia), reject (sia) I. score (sia), okrew (sia). In words abstraction, reaction, correctionwritten to (although abstract, react, correlate), in a word transcriptionwritten p (although transcribe); In these cases, the letter reflects the alternations of consonants in the language? Source (Latin).

In some words letter g. sound is transmitted h. : god(god, gods), light, easier(lig), soft, softer(soft, mumpy). The words soft, softer, softenetc. Do not check words like flesh, soften, soften.

Writing unroven consonants in roots is determined in vocabulary , eg: but b.saint, A. b.solute, Ane todotA pteka, A. psida, A. frombest, A. f.gansa infriend, V. tohall, intorah, g.de, zi. g.zag, cosmona int, O. b., O. ptom, O. f.seth, Ru tozak frombruya, T. g.yes, f.tor, Fu t.bol, E. toreplacement .

Words with combinations of consonants sC, ST, ZG, Zd. In these combinations, the first consonant is usually unroverable. When writing words containing these very common groups of consonants, it is necessary to be guided by the following laws of the combination of letters.

1. In Russian, there are no foundations ending on sG, SD , and there are only the basics on zg, health (b ); Writing: brain(brain), clay, screeching, small mel Drozd, Most, Nail, Nest, Star, Traveland so on at the beginning of the roots are written zg, health : Nor Zigi.(can not see), here, health, building ; an exception : sdoba, dive .

2. At the end of the foundations are prevailing sK, Art (b ); Writing: start(start), search, Risk, Still, Loss, Arabesque, Bryansk, Kursk. At the beginning of the foundations and roots of the letter zK, ZT. missing and written sK, Art , For example: scrub, creak, cheekbones, wall, moan, step, country .

Lettering zT it is found only at the junction of the root with a suffix of an indefinite shape (infinitive) of the verb: climb, gnaw, crawl, carry ; Lettering zk - Only at the junction of the root and suffix ?to? , For example: close, frozen, lubricant, wagon, dragonfly.

Unprofitable consonants

In groups of consonants, one of the consonants may not pronounce: in combination sTN, STL, ODS, RDC, RDCH, STTS, GDK, NTK, NDK, NDC, NTS, STSK this is the average consonant, in combination lTC, V. - Initial consonant. The presence of an unprofitable consonant is checked by the selection of another form of the same word or other related word, where this consonant is pronounced, For example: sch t.nyu(honest, honor), stras t.nyu(passion, passion), rados. t.nyu(rady, joy), together t.nyu(together), crawl t.ny, couch t.nick(cross, baptize), okress t.nyu(okurch.), cos t.nyu(bone), pakos. t.nick(purities, Painty), holly t.nut(whip), khru t.nut(crunch), unpleasant t.nyuand say t.lyuly(happiness), hung t.lyuly(envy), from t.flap(stee.), pOS. d.nii.(disable), praz d.nyu(prasden), naz d.nick(ride), ser. d.tse, Ser. d.tsevina, Ser. d.chishko(hearts, hearth), ambition t.tsyn(sacrum), iS. t.c.(plaintiff), under Uz. d.tSI(bridle), gigan t.sky(giant), holland d.skyand holland d.tSI(Holland, Dutchman), agen t.gUSTs(agent), marxis t.sky(marxist); sO l.nCE(solar), head intest, hello insvuy(common, health), i inupdate themselves(obvious).

Words that do not have unprofitable consonants , eg: terrible(terrible), dangerous, danger(dANGER), inert(kosen.), skillful(skill), rule(power, Vlassen), participate(participation), send(send), inrigan, intriguration(intrigan).

Exceptions. Contrary to the test of traditions are written words: shine(although shine), bottle'Glass vessel' (although glass, glass), be angry(although be angry), skatron.(although tablecloth ; but tablecloth).

In some cases, unprofitable consonant is not verified, for example: in in a word feeling, t. in a word stairs(in the latter case, consonant t. written contrary to the verification of the word lestenka). Writing such words should be memorable, like words where you can suspect an excessive consonant, for example: march(go), easy(food), rowers.

Double consonants

Double consonants at the junction of significant parts of the word

Double consonants are written at the junction of the console and root, if the prefix ends, and the root begins the same consonant letter, for example: unplanned, heartless, introduce, restore, ie, izstari, otter(but cf. finger Where the prefix about- ), support, threshold, pre-diploma, repulse, scatter, ring, artistic, counter-revolution, postatalitarian .

Differ in writing, on the one hand, the words with the root ? Chet?(calculation, calculated, calculating; Combate, Combing), and on the other - the words with the root -the (r. sSread, R. sSread).

Double consonants are written at the junction of composite parts of comprehensive words If one part ends, and the other begins the same consonant, for example: chief doctor, state property, Mossovet, Pommaster .

Double n. and double from they are written at the junction of the producing base and suffix, if the basis ends, and the suffix begins the same consonant n. or from :

In words with suffixes -N. (oh), eg: a long(from length), old(starina), stone(a rock), pocket(pocket), dominal(blast furnace), law(law), living room(from land. living room: Living room conversations, living room), checked(checker), temporaryand temporal(time time), wall(wall); -N. (iY): autumn(fall), side(side), early(early); -Nick: price tag.(price); -Nitz (but): bells(ringing); -Nica (t.): ape(a monkey);

In words with suffixes -Sh. (iY), eg: sailor(from sailor), russian(Rus), arzamassky(Arzamas), circassian(circassian); Essential (about): art(skillful).

Double n. written also in numerical eleven(from one); Double from - In the forms of the husband. The genus of the time of verbs when the root is combined on from with the end part (postfix) -We , For example: carried, saved .

Double l. writing in the word gully(from walk , suffix - ).

In such words as young, pork , one is written n. because they do not contain suffix - .

In jigging words do not write more than two identical consonants in a row. At least this was required by the composition of the word, for example: quarrel(races + quarrel), column(from column: Columns + No), bathroom(from bath: baths + nay), pyatonny(from ton: five + tons +), odessa(from Odessa: Odessa + sky), prussian(from Prussia: Pruss + Sky), donbasssky(from Donbass: Donbass + Sky). But cf. Preservation of the three identical consonants in the words writing through hyphen: press secretary, press service, mass start, gram molecule, kilogram meter .

Double consonants in Russian roots

Double consonants are written in the roots of Russians (not borrowed) words in the following cases.

· Double j. written in words loors, yeast, buzz, juniperand in derivatives from them, eg: yeast, buzz, juniperas well as in some forms of verb burnand derived from it words, eg: do you burn, burn, burning, burned, talked, burning, Zhezhka(Second j. arises here as a result of alternation g - J. : cf. zhGU - Zhezh).

· However, in words where there is an alternation zG - ZZH , zezh , written on the site of a long consonant j.not double j. , but zZH , For example: splashes(spray), turning(killjoy), squeeze(screech), rattle(initrees), zagloganu(upgrade), cerebellum, smoke(brain), later(late), come(arrival); Same B. torture(from the statute. barzg'dawn').

· Double from writing in the word quarreland its derivatives: get quarrel, firstet al., as well as in words with the root ross- , eg: Russia, Russians, Russian, Velikorsos, Malororsia .

Words with root rus?writing with one from , For example: russist, Russification, Russified, Russophile, Russophobe, rub, Belarusian ; But if there is a suffix ? SC?- Dual from : Russian, Russian-speaking, Russian-speaking, Belarusian, Great Russian ; with double from word writes Belorussia.

Double consonants in borrowed (foreign-speaking) roots

Writing double consonants in the roots of borrowed (foreign-speaking) words is determined in vocabulary , For example: abbreviation, acclimatization, accompaniment, accreditation, neat, alley, antenna, appeal, apparatus, association, attraction, bacilloma, gross, buddhism, bath, watt, gram, grammar, flu, group, illusion, illustration, immigration, irrigation, cash desk, Cassette, Killer, Class, Collection, Column, Comment, Commune, Compromise, Corrida, Corrida, Corrosion, Corruption, Mass, Metal, Mission, Novel, Opposition, Pizza, Press, Press, Program, Professor, Rabbi, Spinning, Rack, Saturday, terrace, terror, ton, thriller, troupe, chlorophyll, hockey, excess, essence .

Foreign language words with solitary consonants : aluminum, Gallery, Dessert, Dealer, Amateur, Impresario, Corridor, Office, Official, Offshore, Report, Race, Sofit, Torroo, Sidewalk, Plug, Emigrationand many others.

Double consonants are also written in some of their own names, eg: Agga, Apollo, Vissarion, Gennady, Ippolit, Cyril, Philip, Alla, Anna, Apollinaria, Bella, Henrietta, Inna, Rimma; Akkerman, Bessarabia, Bonn, Holland, Essentuki, Odessa .

In options brilliant - Brilliantand derivative words ( diamond - Diamond, Diamond - Brilyantik, Diamondin - Bril'edin) The second members of these couples are written with one letter l. before b . The same refers to type variants million - Million, Million - Million, Billion - Miliards(The second members of such pairs, limited, are more common in poetry).

In words formed from the basics ending on two identical consonants, double consonants before suffixes are preserved, for example: group - group, group, group; program - program, software, programming; score - five-point, Galla - Gallic, metal - metallic, metallurgist; class - class, cool, classmate; Compromise - Compromise, Kilowatt - Kilowatt, Libretto - Librettist, Normanne - Normannsky, Antenna - Antenncher, Bath - Vanchshitz, Dardanelles - Dar? Danellsky, Calcutta - Calcutt, Cannes(and Cannes) - Cannes, Ravenna - Ravenna .

However, instead of a double consonant, one consonant letter is written in the following cases:

1) in the dimensional and familiar forms of personal names with suffix -to (but), eg: Alla - Alka, Stella - Wooden, Emma - Emka, Zhanna - Granka, Inna - Inca, Rimma - Rimka, Vassa - Wasque, Mirra - Mirka, Marietta - Marieetka, Savva - Savka, Kirill - Kyrilka, Philipp(same: Filipok born P. Filip?and Phillipchik);

2) single letter n. - in any words with a suffix -to (but), eg: finca(cf. finn), pyatonka, Trechthon(ton), column(column), antenka(antenna);

3) in the following words: crystal(crystal), finnish(finn), operse.(operetta).

With the reduction of words containing double consonants, only one consonant is maintained in comprehensive words, eg: gramproof(gramophone recording), corporal(correspondent Point), terrorist attack(terrorist act.), a group, groupg, specialcore.

In the first part of complex words writing through a hyphen, double consonants are saved, eg: mass indicator, mass culture, press form, press center, express analysis, watt-second ; Same in the word wattmeter.

At the end of the words Donbass, Kuzbass(-bassfrom pool) Cooks double from .

The writing of comprehensive words and graphic cuts should be distinguished: the latter remain at the end before the double consonant point, eg: specialcore, sobc But: specialist. Corr., Sob. Corr.

Theme lesson: "Paired consonant sounds at the end of the word."

System L. V. Zankova.
Type of lesson: Lesson "Opening" of a new knowledge
The form Academic work organization: Frontal individual, steam room

Time to implement lesson : 40 min.
Methodical purpose: Familiarize with the features of verification and verified words and form the ability to compare pronunciation and writing words.

Purpose: Expansion of the conceptual base, the formation of the ability to independently build and apply new knowledge

Planned results:

subject:

formed ability to write paired ringing and deaf consonants in the end of the word

personal:

exhibits a cognitive initiative in assisting co-figures (neighbor in the party)

understands the causes of success in training activities

Universal learning actions:

regulatory

determines the purpose of activity in the lesson with the help of a teacher;

performs the task according to the algorithm;

makes self-esteem activity in class

cognitive

formulates the rule based on the allocation of essential signs

conducts a comparison, classification, choosing a right decision

constitutes an algorithm under the guidance of the teacher;

communicative

listens and understands the speech of others;

it is negotiated and comes to a general solution in joint activities with a neighbor in the party.

Teacher's tasks: To form new ways of action, teach work on the algorithm;develop an emotional sphere, creative thinking; Connect a connection with the child's life experience.

The main content of the topic, concepts and terms. Paired bell and deaf consonant sounds, test and verified word

Educational resources:

Tutorial A.V. Polyakov. Russian language S.77-78.

Visual material, sheets with a task for pair work "Insert the letter", individual worksheets with a task for students.

EOR, computer, multimedia projector.

Interdimensional connections : Literary reading - reading proverbs, Russian language - spelling of paired belling and deaf consonants.

Demonstration material : Interactive Board, Russian Textbook, Cards For Individual, Steam Work, Pictures (Cloud and Sun) for Reflection

Stage I. Motivation to activities

1. Organization

The day started with good morning

The first thing is to drive lazy

In the lesson, do not yaw

And to work and write.

Let's smile to each other, shake with your joy with others.

We start our lesson.

2. History

Guys look at the map, this is not a simple card. It depicts a country of letters, and what letters who guessed?

Slide 1.

What can you talk about these letters? As they differ - on the bells and deafness. Name ringing sounds, deaf.Slide 2.

Let's write these letters in the notebook: Girls are ringing, and the boys are deaf: b in g d z p f to t with sh

III . Staging a learning task.

1. Problem situation

I will make you riddles, and you will try to guess them

Scarlet, sugar; Caftan green, velvety.

/ Arbu ... /

I'm all made of iron,

I have no feet, no hands,

I'm on the hat in the chalk board

And for me all the knock yes

/ Head ... b /

Under the pine

Who is among the grass?

The leg is, but no boots,

Hat eat - no head.

/ Gr ... /

In the Staircase field lies,

The house on the stairs runs.

/ Town ../

In winter, in the field lay,

And in the spring, the river ran away.

/ Sleep ..//

Slide 3.

(Watermelon, nail, mushroom, train, snow.)

Well done!

/ Situation difficulties /

What are these words like? At the end of the pair consonant sound

What sounds on the end we heard, and who guess what letters we will write

Can you explain why this letter was inserted into the word?

Listening to the poem, you define theme lesson

In our Russian language

There are a pair of "Light".

Often "cunning girlfriends"

Replace the friend's friend.

How to find out what kind of -

This letter is Other.

To you today

Put everything in places.

– Word theme

What will we learn in the lesson? (Correctly write words with pair consults at the end of the word)

Fizminutka.

Stage II. Building a project to exit difficulty.

1 work in the textbook S.77 UPR1. . Slide 4. 5.

Look carefully on words that they noticed?

Compare the pronunciation of consonant sounds and letters.

How are consonant at the end pronounced?

The consonants at the end of the words are pronounced deaf.

Is it possible to trust them?

Check whether our conclusions coincided. Open the tutorial on page 78.

Let's determine what steps we need to do to prevent errors in these words.

Familiarization with the method of checking paired consonants at the end of the word

What do you need to know in order to write correctly? (Word writing rule).

If you hear a pair sound,

Be careful, my friend.

Pair immediately check,

The word boldly change:

Tooth - on the teeth, ice-on ice

Budge sick competent and you.

2. Guys, and let's check. Let's play the game. I throw a ball, saying the word. You catch the ball, say check word and what sound at the end.

(Plow, Frost, Nose, Flag, Stack, Lemonade, Chocolate, Year, Post, Eye, Voice, Flag, Mushroom, Sleeve, Wardrobe)

3. Fixing the material studied Slide 9.

Work with a proposal

Strong dog began ... Insert a letter

In the word rain, it is necessary to write at the end of the steam consonant d, because ...

/ Work is carried out in pairs, children explain to each other, what letter is spelled at the end of the word /

6. Work with deformed proverbs

Where is the snow, there and the trail.

There would be a pie, there will be a meal.

Who is lazy, that son.

III stage. Diagnosis of the quality of educational and cognitive activity.

Now I am again the words of the words, the deposits, from which we started a lesson, and you will try again to insert the missed pair of consonant letters.

Watermelon, nail, mushroom, train, snow

Motion

- Now you can explain why these letters did you insert in words? / Yes, because now we know the rules for writing pair consonants at the end of words /

IV stage. Reflection

What was the purpose of the lesson? / Learn to distinguish between bell and deaf pair consonants, correctly denote them letters on the letter, select check words. /

Have we reached her? / We learned the rule, and work showed that we learned to apply it /

If you leave the lesson with a good mood lift the sunshine. If the mood is not very, then the cloud.