From wooden idols to space lighthouses. Political activities: Vladimir Churov - Chairman of the CEC
(p. 17.03.1953)
Deputy Chairman of the Committee for External Relations of the City Hall
St. Petersburg (chaired by V.V. Putin); Chairman of the Central
the election commission of the Russian Federation from 27.03.2007 in the second presidential term V.
V. Putin.
Was born in Leningrad. Grandfather Vladimir Brezhnev was the boss
Department of artillery of the Academy. M.V. Frunze, father - a famous scientist, military
hydrograph, one of the creators of space navigation and communication systems for
The Navy; mother - a publisher. Educated at
Physics Faculty of Leningrad state university(1977) and on
biennial journalism faculty of Leningrad State University. In 1977-1991. worked as a presenter
engineer, team leader at the Design Bureau of Aerospace Equipment "Integral". V
1991-1993 Deputy of the Leningrad City Council. Since 1991 in the Committee for External
relations of the administration of St. Petersburg, since 1995 Deputy
Chairman of the Committee - Head of the International Cooperation Department.
After the August 1991 crisis, the House of Political Education in St. Petersburg,
belonging to the Communist Party, was transferred to the city. One half of the building houses
International business center, in the other - communist organizations. By
According to V.E. Churov, there was a flagpole on the roof of the house. The communists decided
use it for its intended purpose and posted a red flag. “And every time
leaving Smolny, the city authorities saw him. The flag was perfectly visible
from office windows and Sobchak, and Putin. It was terribly annoying, and Putin
decided to remove the flag. Gives the command - the red flag is removed. But the next day he
appears again. Putin again gives the command - the flag is removed again. And so the struggle
went with varying degrees of success. The communists began to run out of flags, and they
hanging something completely obscene, one of the last options was
not even red, but brownish brown. This is Putin's final
baked. He pulled up a crane, and under his personal supervision, the flagpole was cut
autogenous "( From the first person. Conversations with Vladimir Putin. M., 2000.
P. 86). According to V.E. Churov, the Committee for External Relations of the St. Petersburg Mayor's Office,
headed by V.V.Putin, began with the opening in the city, for the first time in the country,
representative offices of western banks. With the most active participation of V.V. Putin
branches of BMP Dresdner Bank and Bank Nacional de Paris were opened, and
investment zones were also created, a faculty of international
relationship. In June 2003, he was nominated for the position of a member of the Federation Council
from Leningrad region(got 7 out of 50 votes). December 2003
Deputy of the State Duma of the Russian Federation of the fourth convocation, was elected by federal
the list of the Liberal Democratic Party. He was Deputy Chairman of the State Duma Committee on CIS Affairs and
relations with compatriots. He was a member of the LDPR faction, but he was not a member of this party.
was. As an observer, he was at the elections in Belarus, Ukraine (during
during the "orange" revolution of 2004), Kyrgyzstan (during the "revolution
tulips "2005). Since 27.03.2007, Chairman of the Central
the election commission of the Russian Federation. Elected on an uncontested basis. Changed in this
positions A.A. Veshnyakova. He stated that he is not a member of any parties and does not
is an anti-communist. In his biographies, he emphasizes the “Orthodox
From the Editor: Let's not be mistaken if, say, the name of the chairman of the Central Election Commission of Russia, Vladimir Churov, is familiar to almost the entire adult population of our country. But not everyone knows that he also writes stories, including for children. And in 2005, Churov's book "The Secret of the Four Generals" was published, the annotation of which says that it is devoted to "the intersection of the fate of officers and generals of the Russian army and their influence on European politics." Indeed, in the book you can find many different faces - from the hero of Manchuria, and later the President of Finland, Gustav Mannerheim, to General Brezhnev, who fought on the Karelian front in 1944 - Vladimir Iosifovich Brezhnev, not even a relative of Leonid Ilyich. And from the book you can find out how all this has to do with our land. We offer excerpts from the book of V.E. Churov.
THE FATHER'S STORY
My father, Evgeny Petrovich Churov, grew up in the Urals. He was born on March 1, 1918 in the village of Verkhne-Troitsk, Belebeevsky canton, Ufa province. So this place was called in those days. It is located in the west of Bashkiria, approximately in the middle between Tuymazy and Belebey on the banks of the Kidash river. Now the village of rural type Verkhnetroitskoye belongs to the Tuimazinsky district of the Republic of Bashkortostan. An unpaved motor road passes through the village, which indicates some abandonment of this place.
A year later, little Zhenya was left without a father. Before the revolution, Pyotr Andreevich Churov served as a zemstvo veterinarian in the neighboring Bashkir village of Adnagulov, neighboring Verkhne-Troitsk. In 1919 he died on the Eastern Front Civil War, being in the ranks of the Red Army under the command of Mikhail Frunze.
Since April 13, 1919, in the Frunze army on the Eastern Front, my other grandfather, lieutenant of the old army Vladimir Iosifovich Brezhnev, commanded a heavy artillery battalion of 152-mm howitzers of the right-bank group (then the 35th division). The two grandfathers fought side by side, unlike many Russian families, on the same side of the front.
Soon, Zhenya's mother, Maria Matveevna, a mathematics teacher, died. In a time of famine, the relatives gave the boy to Orphanage.
You can blame and even hate the Soviet regime for a lot. But for some reason, with her, inmates of orphanages, orphans, former vagabonds and street children became worthy people, for example, professors, doctors of sciences - like my father.
But this is later. And in June 1940 he graduated from the naval school in Leningrad. On the sleeves of his jacket there were two stripes - medium and narrow - "lieutenant". I wanted to serve in the Pacific Ocean, and the authorities sent a young hydrograph to Lake Ladoga.
The stripes were "from sea to sea" - from seam to seam, half the circumference of the sleeve.
My father studied only excellently all his life - at an agricultural technical school, a naval school, an academy, but on the marble boards in the corridor of the Frunze school on the Lieutenant Schmidt embankment, you will not find the name Churov among those who graduated from the school with honors. In the fall of 1939, the hydrographic department of the school (together with cadets and teachers) was transformed into the G.K. Ordzhonikidze. Therefore, having entered the Frunze School in 1936, my father graduated with honors from the Ordzhonikidze School in 1940. It ceased to exist almost immediately after the first graduation, in the fall of 1941, when the cadets and teachers drowned during the evacuation across Lake Ladoga.
On September 17, 1941, a tug with a barge packed full of people left the Osinovets harbor in the direction of Novaya Ladoga. During the storm, the hull of the barge could not withstand the impact of the waves, and she sank. More than a thousand people (!) Died, among them - 128 cadets and 8 officers of the hydrographic school. The school was restored in 1952, and finally disbanded in 1956.
Many years later, Professor Churov was an indispensable member of the Academic Council and the State Examination Commission at the Frunze School. But he refused to assign his son (that is, me) there "by pull". On a general basis, I would not have been accepted because of my very strong myopia inherited from my mother.
Father did not get on the marble board in the corridor for objective reasons. But in 1995, in the foreground of the gallery of the Higher Naval Order of Lenin, the Red Banner, the Order of the Ushakov School named after M.V. Frunze (formerly - Marine cadet corps, now the St. Petersburg Naval Institute) a 6-meter-long and 2-meter-high painting "Fatherland's worthy sons" by Igor Pshenichny appeared. In a huge painting among 184 figures and tols, the head at number 175 in the back rows, according to the description, belongs to Captain 1st Rank E.P. Churov. This is an obvious mistake by the compilers of the booklet attached to the picture, in fact, the head at number 184 is most similar to the father.
A year later, the war began. Father paved the ice Road of life, landed with reconnaissance from boats and submarines on the northern coast of Ladoga, on the islands of the Valaam archipelago occupied by the Finns, provided landing forces, was awarded three military orders and was seriously wounded in 1944.
FROM FAMILY CHRONICLES
The origin of the surname Churov, on the one hand, is simple and understandable, on the other, it contains several mysteries, like all the stories in my story.
A special place in the beliefs of the Slavic tribes who lived in northern Europe around Lake Ilmen was occupied by the idea of deceased ancestors who guarded the family. Figurines of bearded people were carved from wood (that's what I have the best in The State Duma beard) - CHUROV, personifying the ancestors of the clan. When they shouted "Chur me!" - asked the ancestors to defend and intercede.
Chura was also called a slave in ancient times, and a servant-squire at a later time. The Eastern Slavs called their children the names of Chur, Chura, probably in honor of Chur, a Slavic pagan deity - the keeper of the hearth.
Now it is clear why the idols - "chansins", the guards guarding the villages, donated by the Koreans for the 300th anniversary of St. Petersburg and placed in the Sosnovka Park, were so much to my heart. These nice guys, cut out of pine logs, and I, an Orthodox Christian, baptized by my great-grandmother in infancy in the Church of St. John the Baptist, in Predtechensky Lane on Presnya in Moscow, have the same pagan origin!
The modern surname Churov comes from Novgorod. In the Onomasticon (a book on the origin of surnames and names), academician S.B. Veselovsky, her appearance in Novgorod is attributed to the middle of the 16th century, when a record was found in the documents about some Isaac and Karp Churins (Churovs), the children of the Rudlevs. On the map of the Vologda Oblast, which was part of the Novgorod lands, the villages of Churov and Churovskoye are still preserved.
Here is your first riddle. In international Novgorod, a peasant or a posad man Rudel could be either a Slav (ore - blood, ore - red or red, as now among the Poles, also, by the way, Slavs), and a German.
Great-grandfather, Andrey Churov, was a forester in the Tambov province. He was, apparently, a wealthy person, since he managed to give both sons a higher education.
Andrey Churov named his sons in honor of two biblical apostles, moreover, in an imperial spirit - Peter and Paul. He sent to study, respectively, to the capital, where the names of the patron saints of the city are especially respected and the first cathedral - Peter and Paul Cathedral.
According to family legend, his grandfather, Pyotr Andreevich Churov, began his studies at St. Petersburg University, but for his participation in student riots he was exiled to the Urals, where he graduated from either Kazan University or the Kazan Veterinary Institute.
In the Russian medical list, published by the Office of the Chief Medical Inspector of the Ministry of Internal Affairs for 1914, on page 107, Petr Andreyevich Churov, born in 1882, who received his certificate in 1910, is indicated as a zemstvo veterinarian in the village of Adnagulovo, Belebeyevsky district, Ufa province.
I used to think that he ended up as a veterinarian in the Bashkir village of Adnagulovo, in general, by accident, as they say - "by distribution." But recently on the Internet I came across an interesting site dedicated to the history of the Miyakinsky district of the Republic of Bashkortostan. It revealed information that the village of Churaevo (Churino, Churovo) belongs to the Ilykey-Minsk volost, and a certain son of the first settler of this village, Ishkildy Churov, participated in the allowance, that is, in the resettlement, of the Bashkir of the Gainin volost to the village of Gainiyamak in 1763. Mentioned in the papers of land affairs and another Churov, also the patron of the same volost. However, in the end, the village of Churovo became a haven for landless Bashkirs, who were accepted from the Sterlitamak district under the treaty of 1743.
The patrimonial estate, by the way, according to Dal is the owner of the family estate. So, perhaps, Pyotr Andreevich had some reason to settle in Bashkiria.
Grandfather's brother, Pavel Andreevich, followed in the footsteps of his father, graduating from the Forestry Institute. An amateur photographer, he once sent his brother his card. Pavel Andreevich Churov is listed in the memorial book of the St. Petersburg province for 1914-1915 as a land surveyor of the 2nd category in the Directorate of the Udelny District, which was in charge of the imperial family's own lands. He had the rank of provincial secretary (XII class) and lived in the 27th house on 7th Rozhdestvenskaya street. Zemsky Veterinarian Petr Andreevich Churov
All the relatives and friends of my father disappeared into the Civil. In the Tambov province, a terrible massacre took place, in fact, not even between the "reds" and "whites", but between the wealthy Tambov peasants and townspeople and the alien stranger who for some reason called themselves "revolutionaries".
Papa's mother, Maria Matveevna Sorokina, was, as I said at the very beginning of the story, the daughter of a glass-blower from the Maltsov glass factories. She taught children mathematics in a rural school and died shortly after the Civil War, in great longing for her husband, Pyotr Andreevich Churov, who died at the front.
Her sister, Nadezhda Matveevna, also taught at a rural school and married a teacher - a Tatar Khabib Usmanovich Galeev. Both have been teachers for more than half a century, have become honored teachers of the republic, each has been awarded the Order of Lenin - a considerable reward in Soviet times.
Nadezhda Matveevna gave birth to five children, which is why I now have a lot of relatives - Tatars living throughout the former Soviet Union. The names of our relatives are as follows: Galeevs, Kutushevs, Saifullins, Zailalovs.
THE ROAD OF LIFE
The shore of Lake Ladoga in Osinovets (on some maps only the dead-end station of the Ladoga Lake railway is indicated) next to the seventy-meter brick candle of the lighthouse is dotted with small grassy bumps. Osinovetsky lighthouse is a real marine lighthouse. Painted with wide red and white stripes, it stands on a dais among the pine trees.
The largest lake in Europe was called "our sea" by sailors of the Ladoga military flotilla. This has been the practice since the Varangian times. Those who sailed on it know the harsh nature of Ladoga, with quick and abrupt changes. The lake pretends to be gentle, shines with dim northern silver only in calm weather. The wind very quickly catches up with a short, but steep and high (up to 4.5 meters) wave. Under Peter I, hundreds of ships and barges perished on Ladoga. Then the tsar ordered to build a bypass canal along the southern bank from the source of the Neva to the mouth of the Svir.
Now there are two canals, one is an old one, built by Minich on the orders of Peter; another, newer one, is laid closer to the lake, but it is used only by boats, and from time to time the passenger semi-glider "Zarya" will pass, eroding the embankments with a powerful wake jet.
Large four-deck passenger ships prefer to wait out the storm at the mouth of the Svir. Two-thousand-ton dry-cargo ships and tankers of the "river-sea" type, in pursuit of profit, risk going into stormy Ladoga. However, in vain: sometimes they turn over and swim upside down for a long time, like some whales that are not found on Ladoga. Rescuing them is not easy.
The lake is fraught with many dangers in winter for amateur fishermen. Between the mouth of the Volkhov near Novaya Ladoga and the source of the Neva in Shlisselburg, a very complex system of currents is formed at different depths, in different directions with many eddies. Even in a harsh winter, ice from Novaya Ladoga to Golsman Bay, and even more so from Kobona to Kokkorev, is not particularly strong.
It was along this ice, along two routes from the Osinovetsky lighthouse through the Zelentsy Islands (located to the south, closer to Shlisselburg) and Kareji Island (north of Zelentsov) to the village of Kobona on the eastern coast of the bay, in the winter of 1941 the hydrographers of the Ladoga military flotilla conducted reconnaissance of the ice road , which would later be called the Road of Life.
The commander of the Leningrad naval base, counter-admiral Yuri Alexandrovich Panteleev testifies: “On November 15 in the evening, at the command post of the artillery battalion of Lieutenant Colonel M.I. Turoverov, our first meeting with the Deputy Chief of Hydrography of the Fleet, Captain 2nd Rank A.A. Smirnov and a young hydrograph E.P. Churov, who was instructed to form an ice-water hydrographic team and to explore the lake. The decision to organize the ice road depended on the results of this work. At the disposal of E.P. Churov, officers arrived from Leningrad - hydrographs V.S. Kupryushin, V.N. Dmitriev, S.V. Duev, as well as a special team of ten sailors. Everyone was in a fighting mood. We worked together, quickly. We prepared five Finnish sleighs, installed a compass on them, laid down landmarks and a pestle.
E.P. Churov made a very good impression on me from the first meeting - he is a self-confident and self-confident, reasonable, knowledgeable officer (now he is a Doctor of Technical Sciences, a professor at Leningrad University). The lieutenant reported to me that he had already flown over the lake on a U-2 plane with the pilot Topalov, made sure that the ice edge was still close to the Shlisselburg Bay and was parallel to Cape Morye. Apparently, the ice is still very thin, but the temperature is expected to drop to minus twenty.
I demanded that the hydrographers be especially careful, because the Nazis are very close, you can stumble upon their patrols. "
In the evening, the hydrographers reported on the party's readiness to go out on the ice to the Deputy Commander of the Ladoga Flotilla, Captain 1st Rank Nikolai Yurievich Avraamov. The father wrote: “We received from him the last instructions on the direction of movement and on the behavior in the event of an unexpected collision with enemy reconnaissance. Through the operational officer on duty, he gave an order to the coast guard units - to let our group onto the ice and take back ”.
The young lieutenants were "instructed" by an extremely interesting person. I have already mentioned that the surviving officers of the tsarist fleet were "exiled" to Ladoga. Nikolai Yurievich Avraamov (1892 - 1949) was one of them.
Here is a description of the laying of the ice road from the memoirs of his father in the collection "Native Ladoga", published in 1969 with a foreword by Nikolai Gerasimovich Kuznetsov:
“At about midnight on November 15, we went hiking. The whole sky was covered with continuous clouds. The north-east wind was blowing. The air temperature dropped to -15 ° Celsius. There was no snow on the ice. He seemed to us like a black tablecloth.
Three hours later, after making sure that the compasses were working, I thanked V. for the help provided, and we parted with him warmly. Accompanied by a sailor, he returned safely to the shore and reported to Avraamov about our first stage of reconnaissance of the route.
While the ice was strong enough, we walked 10-15 paces apart. A hole was punched through each mile passed, the thickness and strength of the ice was measured, the air temperature and the wind speed vector were determined. When the thickness of the ice decreased to a decimeter, we tied ourselves with a line and walked, and sometimes even crawled, one after another, using skis as a flooring to overcome small openings. At each checked point, a two-meter pole was placed, their approximate coordinates were determined based on the distance traveled and the course, and the route was plotted on the map (under the light of a hand-held electric flashlight, hiding from above with a canopy). The observations were carefully recorded in a journal.
By the morning of November 16, a cold and sharp north wind blew, the frost began to grow stronger. The clouds began to thin, and stars appeared in their gaps. Several times we identified the North Star when we saw a strip of the horizon in the north. At this time Dmitriev severely injured his leg on hummocks that suddenly appeared in front of us. According to all reports, we were near the island of Bolshoy Zelenets. Dmitriev could not go further. The Red Navy men were also extremely exhausted. I decided to return to Osinovets. At first we carried Dmitriev on a sled, and when we approached the flooded shore of Osinovets, I put him on my back and brought him to the lighthouse. "
And again Yu.A. Panteleev: “One can imagine our surprise when early in the morning we received the news that Lieutenant Dmitriev was taken to the medical unit. In which? For what reason? While we were figuring out all this, Lieutenant Churov and his sailors left the trace ... This time everything went well, and by the morning of November 17, the track was laid and equipped with poles, the thickness of the ice was applied to the tablet. "
FRIENDLY FIRE
In the twenty-first century, when somewhere in Iraq or Afghanistan, American Marines accidentally come under fire from their own artillery, correct American generals at a meeting with journalists, they call it "friendly fire."
In such cases, on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War, our infantry, on the excellent, it must be admitted, American Lend-Lease radios, in the open text of the wing, artillery with a three-story mat. Then they met and drank vodka for the front-line brotherhood.
In 1952 in Moscow, on the eve of the wedding of his beautiful daughter, General Brezhnev remembered with his future son-in-law, a brave captain of the 2nd rank with two white diamonds (the Higher Naval School and the Naval Academy of Shipbuilding and Weapons) and five orders, episodes of the past war. They told each other (maybe even bragged a little) about their participation in battles, about their front-line adventures. Suddenly it was discovered that in June 1944 my grandfather's cannons (of course, still in the future, since I was born legally only in March 1953) almost destroyed my father's "friendly fire" on the eastern shore of Lake Ladoga.
This discovery allowed the grandfather and father, despite the clearly expressed displeasure of the mother, grandmother and great-grandmother (of course, mine ... in the future), pour and drink a large glass (by no means the first).
Only my father came up with this story in order to win the heart of his father-in-law and get consent to the hand of his daughter.
The Tuloksinsky operational landing was, the 7th Army was assisted by artillery fire, the grandfather was in command of this artillery, but the father was not there. A month earlier, while landing reconnaissance troops on the island of Verkkosaari, Senior Lieutenant Churov was seriously wounded by numerous fragments of a Finnish shell. Friends who prepared and supported the Tuloksa landing operation told about it in detail when they visited their father in a hospital in Leningrad.
Sea baiting is the most interesting type of oral story in terms of form and content. To poison means with humor, or, on the contrary, deliberately seriously telling interesting cases from the sea, and not only, practice, skillfully mixing the truth and harmless fiction. To poison gruel is not very successful to use the aforementioned genre; in such cases they say: "Stop poisoning gruel." Currently, the latter term can be used to stop any boring or too long and boring speech, especially in the State Duma. Some sailors had the gift of transferring sea baiting onto paper. Such, very rare, breed of writers include: Sergei Kolbasyev, Boris Lavrenev, Leonid Sobolev, Admiral Ivan Isakov, Thor Heyerdahl, Viktor Konetsky, and also not a sailor, but traveled a lot, having visited both poles, Vladimir Sanin. A trick is a form of bullying when they come up with a joke on their closest friend. Especially popular with old sea wolves in relation to young people.
The father was a recognized virtuoso of sea baiting and podnachyk. Once, while practicing near Odessa, he even suffered for this. While swimming, his comrades hid his uniform and gave him only after an oath promise, pronounced on his knees, to stop teasing. The oath was formalized by protocol and recorded on film.
My colleagues say that sometimes I can do it too ...
SPACE LIGHTHOPS
From the Baikonur cosmodrome - he is also the station Tyuratam, he is the city of Leninsk - his father brought big, smart, extremely nimble turtles - Toshek, who adored dandelions. In the summer in Lithuania, on the outskirts of Druskenik, they regularly ran away from their grandmother Vary, who, sitting on the porch, was thrilled in the sun and certainly did not expect such agility from them.
Many scientific works of Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor Yevgeny Petrovich Churov are still available only to military specialists. While working at the Naval Academy, he never went into the details of official matters at home. But he liked to talk about global philosophical problems of space exploration, to dream up about future space wars. I remember how back in the late sixties he said that all rocket weapons would soon become obsolete, and wars would be fought from outer space: laser, radio-electronic, electromagnetic with a direct effect on the enemy's brain, especially precise weapons and robots would be used.
Father's work was strictly classified. Only 20 years after his death in the book "The Naval Academy in the Service of the Fatherland" prepared by Captain 1st Rank Vladimir Vladimirovich Pyzh in 2001 for the 175th anniversary of the Academy, I read: in 1963. At that time, it was headed by a well-known specialist in the field of space navigation, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor E.P. Churov ".
In the Soviet Union, a satellite navigation system, primarily for military purposes, was proposed in 1956 by a senior lecturer at the Department of Military Hydrography at the Krylov Naval Academy of Shipbuilding and Weapons, Captain 2nd Rank Yevgeny Petrovich Churov. Together with his friends and colleagues - employees of the Navigation and Hydrographic Institute of the Navy Leonid Ivanovich Gordeev and Vadim Alekseevich Fufaev, he immediately appreciated the importance of research on this topic that had begun in the United States. Father at least twice appealed to the command of the Academy and the Navy, explaining what satellite navigation means for the future fleet, suggesting urgently deploying similar work in our country. The drafts, written in the most beautiful, absolutely legible handwriting in blue ink on yellowed and already dilapidated paper in a cage, have survived.
In February 1956, my father wrote:
“Navigation for the near future.
The All-Union Institute for Scientific and Technical Information last October reported that the American National Defense Transportation Journal published a landmark interview for our century with the former president of the American Missile Society in its June issue (Volume 12, No. 3) Lawrence on the project of artificial satellites of navigation value. The current state of science and technology is such that the possibilities of creating and launching such satellites will be quite real in the next 10-15 years.
Since we do not have any other data besides those listed above, taking them as a basis, we will try to roughly estimate the achievable accuracy of determining the location of the ship in any point of the World Ocean and draw some general conclusions ... "
In naval jargon, the large embroidered stars on the admiral's shoulder straps are called "flies", possibly because black threads are still sewn between the golden rays.
Alas, admirals with a large number of stars on their shoulder straps did not immediately understand how important the offer of relatively young (from 30 to 38 years old) scientific officers in small ranks was. The only father had a modest Ph.D. in naval sciences. Later, in the mid-sixties, when I have to grit my teeth and once again catch up with the Americans, my father and his friends will defend “closed” doctoral and candidate dissertations, become professors and laureates of high prizes, authors of “closed discoveries”.
In July 1963, my father defended his doctoral dissertation on the development of the problem of satellite navigation. In October, he became the head of the new department he created at the Naval Academy.
In 1972, my father went to the reserve. At the Leningrad University, at the Faculty of Applied Mathematics, Professor Churov creates and heads another new department - the theory of control systems.
Accustomed to the uniform and strict discipline of the students in the corridors and classrooms of the Naval Academy, his father was initially surprised by the university disorder (aka academic freedom) and the mores of the students - especially the many girls in short skirts. I remember my father, however, without much indignation, said to my mother in the evening: "They are walking around the corridor and kissing!"
My father died in 1981 at the age of 63 after a second heart attack. About two years before his death, the penultimate fragment of a Finnish mine that had lodged in the neck came out. The latter, in the spleen, was buried with his father at the Pargolovskoye cemetery.
A few days before his death, my father listened to the disc and with the words "Leningrad, Leningrad, I don't want to die yet ..." asked to turn off the player. “I don’t want to die yet,” he repeated as if to himself.
The name Churov is assigned to a seamount in the South Atlantic Ocean at a point with coordinates 17 ° 29 "South latitude, 009 ° 53" West longitude at a depth of 1880 meters. It is about three hundred and fifty nautical miles southwest of Saint Helena.
Knowing the negligent attitude of the Western powers towards Russian names on the world map, I appeal to all personally known monarchs, presidents, ministers, parliamentarians, ambassadors and consuls of these countries with a request - do not let my mountain be renamed. You have a lot of them, but I have one!
Churov Vladimir Evgenievich is a fairly well-known figure in Russian politics. He was elected a deputy to the State Duma and for nine years headed the Central Election Commission of the Russian Federation, only in March of this year giving way to Nikolaevna. Several major scandalous situations are associated with the personality of this person. In particular, he was accused of rigging the election results in favor of the pro-Kremlin United Russia party. However, nothing has been proven.
Education
Vladimir Churov was born into an intelligent Leningrad family on March 17, 1953. His father was a naval officer with a degree. Mother, a philologist by profession, worked as an editor.
With such parents, it is not at all surprising that the guy received a very high-quality and versatile education. After school he entered the Leningrad Humanitarian University at the Faculty of Journalism. Having defended his diploma, he did not stop there and became a student of the physics department of the same university, from which he graduated in 1977. Later, already building a career with might and main, Churov received another "tower" at the People's University of Techno-economic Knowledge. He graduated from it during perestroika in the ninetieth year. Despite three higher education, Vladimir Evgenievich never received his degree.
Carier start
At the beginning of his career, Vladimir Churov confidently walked the scientific path. He worked as a lecturer at the St. Petersburg Humanitarian University, teaching economics students a special course on international and foreign economic relations.
He devoted almost fourteen years to the St. Petersburg Humanitarian University, where he held various positions in the joint design bureau of aerospace equipment. Published numerous scientific articles. But he was not destined to stay in this area.
Coming to politics
Back in 1982, a new member named Vladimir Churov was registered in the CPSU. The biography of almost everyone who tried to build a good career in those days contained such a mark. "You may not be a communist at heart, but you must join the party" - this is the unspoken slogan of the eighties.
Churov remained a member of the CPSU until the collapse of the Soviet Union. Some attribute his collaboration with the KGB, but this has not been officially confirmed.
Since the ninetieth year, Vladimir Mikhailovich "deputies" in the Leningrad City Council - his powers ended in 1993. In parallel, he worked in the Committee for External Relations of the St. Petersburg Administration. Its head was directly Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin himself, about which Vladimir Churov often recalls and calls this period of his life an excellent school of management.
In 2003, Churov tried to get membership in the Federation Council from his region (Leningrad), but he failed. In the same year, Vladimir Mikhailovich, closely communicating with Vladimir Zhirinovsky, joined the ranks of the Liberal Democratic Party of Russia.
State Duma deputy
It was from this political force that the former subordinate of Putin ran for the State Duma of the Russian Federation in the 2003 elections. Having received the mandate, he entered the corresponding faction. At the same time, he emphasized more than once that in fact he had never been a member of the Liberal Democratic Party or any other party.
The parliamentarians entrusted Churov with the post of deputy chairman for CIS affairs and relations with former compatriots. More than once he acted as an observer of the course of elections in the countries of the commonwealth, as well as in Serbia and Transnistria.
Political activities: Vladimir Churov - Chairman of the CEC
Until January 2007, Russian law prohibited the granting of CEC membership to persons without legal education. But then this requirement was canceled, and on March 26 of the same year Churov became a member of the Central Election Commission of the Russian Federation. A day later, he was elected chairman.
September 2007 was marked by the start of the next elections to the State Duma, and Putin, who led United Russia, was accused of illegally campaigning for this political force. But Churov did not heed the arguments of the prosecutors, and they did not take any action.
In 2009, United Russia members won the elections to local councils by a total margin. The opposition made a demarche and demanded the resignation of the head of the CEC - after all, Vladimir Churov again did not see any violations ...
And here's 2011. In March of this year, Vladimir Mikhailovich was re-elected for a second term of the presidency in the CEC, and on December 4, new parliamentary elections were held. And again, United Russia is on horseback. Crowds of Protestants took to the streets of the country's major cities. The dissatisfied held meetings of many thousands and demanded, among other things, the resignation of Churov, who resolutely denied all accusations against him. Then, with great difficulty, he retained his post and left it legally, having served a second term to the end.
It is Churov, who was accused of lobbying for V. Putin's interests, who owns the catch phrase "Putin is always right." And also Vladimir Churov, whose photo has repeatedly flashed in the media in recent years, threatened to shave off his legendary beard if the election campaign is not fair. But, naturally, he did not shave it off. However, the opposition's accusations were not proven, and remained just words.
Churov's personal life
In addition to politics, the family occupies an important place in the life of Vladimir Mikhailovich. His wife's name is Larisa, the couple have a son, Eugene. V tax returns Mr. Churov has repeatedly pointed out that their family does not have personal housing, but rents an apartment from the state. He also signed for the absence of a car. And his annual income, according to reports, was 2.5-3.5 million.
Vladimir Mikhailovich still has not lost interest in science. He is especially attracted by the military history, which even inspired him to write the fiction story "The Secret of the Four Generals" about the White movement. The book was published in 2005. There are other works in the writer's box of Churov.
Also, the former head of the central executive committee and a State Duma deputy is fond of art, or rather, photography and architecture. Having reached adulthood, Vladimir Churov remained the faithful son of his intelligent parents, who instilled in him a love of knowledge from an early age.
One of such heroes of the battle for Leningrad is Evgeny Petrovich Churov, who was the first as a hydrographer to survey the fairway and conduct ice reconnaissance to create an ice route for the Road of Life; actions of submarines on Lake Ladoga.
Evgeny Petrovich Churov was born on March 1, 1918 in the village of Verkhne-Troitsk, Belebeevsky canton, Ufa province, in modern Russia now the village of rural type Verkhnetroitskoe, Tuimazinsky district of the Republic of Bashkortostan. His father, Pyotr Andreevich Churov, graduated from the Kazan Veterinary Institute, served as a zemstvo veterinarian. In 1919 he died while serving in the Red Army. Mother - Maria Matveevna Churova (Sorokina), after graduating from the Sterlitamak women's gymnasium, worked in a rural school, taught mathematics. In 1929 M. M. Churova died. In times of famine, relatives were forced to send Zhenya to an orphanage, where it was much better and more satisfying. From 1929 to 1931 he studied at the Tuymazin school of collective farm youth, and from 1931 to 1932 - at the Tuymazin agricultural technical school. In 1932, after the dissolution of the technical school, he was transferred to the Aksyonovsk agricultural technical school, from which he graduated with honors in 1935. In 1935-1936 he worked as a zootechnician for a horse in the Tuimazinsky regional land department and studied at the correspondence Youth Institute in the city of Gorky.
In July 1936 he was enrolled in the first year of the MV Frunze Higher Military Naval School. In the fall of 1939, the hydrographic department of the V.I. MV Frunze was transformed into the GK Ordzhonikidze Higher Naval Hydrographic School, the cadets, future hydrographers, including Yevgeny Churov, were transferred to the new school. In 1940, Evgeny Petrovich Churov graduated with honors from VVMGU im. GK Ordzhonikidze with a degree in naval hydrograph.
After graduating from college, Lieutenant Churov was sent to Lake Ladoga as the head of the hydrographic party of the Ozerny region of the 3rd category of the hydrographic service of the Krasnoznamenny Baltic Fleet... As the head of the hydrographic party, he carried out a detailed study and description of the northern part of the lake, carried out the tasks of sweeping Finnish minefields.
At the beginning of the Great Patriotic War EP Churov, as a navigator of the landing detachment on the transport "Sovet" and the senior pilot on escort, participated from 22 to 27 July in the landing of the 4th Marine Brigade on the islands of Lunkulansaari and Matsinsaari. This was the first combat operation of a young lieutenant in service, but already having established himself as an experienced, competent and courageous officer. The crew of the motor ship "Sovet" performed the combat missions brilliantly, all the paratroopers quickly and without losses carried out the landing, then the ship carried out the evacuation of the wounded soldiers. The enemy countered with powerful artillery fire, the gunboat Olekma was hit by a shell in the stern, during the shelling of the Soviet on July 24, E. P. Churov was slightly wounded in the lower back from shell fragments, but remained on the Soviet until the end of the operation. From July 28 to August 29, he was a pilot on escorting convoys in the skerries of Lake Ladoga during the evacuation of the 19th rifle corps from the island of Kilpola and the Rautalahti peninsula before and during the Putsal operation, including on August 14 the Volodarsky "With 400 wounded, while avoiding damage and losses from enemy mortar fire.
EP Churov's diploma.
In September 1941, he took part in ensuring the landing in the Shlisselburg area and in the laying of the first controlled military fairway. During the war, our fleet in the Baltic and Ladoga was forced to create special communications that had air cover, protected from attacks by surface ships and submarines. Fairways were usually laid near their shores, within the range of coastal artillery, covered by aircraft, patrol ships, and minefields. To ensure safe navigation, the hydrographic service placed landmarks and illuminated buoys on the water. Lighthouses and leading signs were built on the coast and islands. By the end of September, two main military controlled fairways were created on Lake Ladoga - two arteries of the waterway of the Road of Life. The first fairway first passed between Osinovets and the Black Satama bay, then it began to connect Osinovets with Kobona and the Careji spit. The second fairway connected Osinovets with Novaya Ladoga. Food and fuel began to be delivered by water, but bread was sorely lacking.
In besieged Leningrad on November 20, the fifth reduction in food standards was carried out for the population of the city: 250 grams of bread a day were given out on work cards, and only 125 grams for the rest; people were dying. The sailors of the Ladoga military flotilla and the river workers of the North-Western River Shipping Company did everything possible to provide the besieged Leningrad with food, everything was mobilized for transportation: transports, barges, and warships... But every day it became more and more difficult, it was almost impossible to break through the ice on the lake. The delivery of food by the transport aviation did not solve the difficult situation. Ice tracks had to be created as soon as possible. Means for equipping roads were prepared in advance and brought to the shore of the lake, but there was no reliable information on the state of the ice cover.
Diplomas and certificates of E.P. Churova
From November 15, EP Churov acted as the head of the hydrographic section of the Osinovets naval base and the head of the ice-road detachment of the KBF hydrographic department along the Ladoga ice route. And it was he who was the first, as a hydrographer, on November 15-17, to survey the ice along the route Osinovetsky lighthouse - Zelentsy islands, Osinovetsky lighthouse - Kobona, Kobona - Kareji lighthouse - Osinovets. The results of this reconnaissance served as the basis for the equipment by the Leningrad Front of the Kokkorevo-Lavrovo ice route, that is, the Road of Life. The reconnaissance was ordered to be carried out by two hydrograph specialists - E.P. Churov (group commander) and V.I.Dmitriev. Around midnight on November 15, a five-man reconnaissance party set out on an assignment. While the ice was strong, we walked from each other at a distance of 10-15 steps. Every mile Churov and Dmitriev, together with the Red Navy men, punched a hole, measured the thickness and strength of the ice, determined the air temperature and the vector of wind speed. When the thickness of the ice decreased to a decimeter, they were forced to cross a number of sections by crawling, tied with a line (in order to be able to rescue those who fell through the ice). And all this at a temperature of minus 15 degrees, moreover, they carried equipment and sleds, two-meter poles - milestones, weapons. Hydrographers put milestones at each checked point. By the morning of November 16, the group was near the island of Bolshoi Zelenets, when Lieutenant Dmitriev severely injured his leg on the hummocks and could not go further on his own. How difficult the situation was (strong wind, hummocks, cold) that even a career, well-trained officer could not protect himself. The commander decided to return to Osinovets. First they drove V.I. Dmitrieva on a sled, then E.P. Churov put him on his back and carried him to the lighthouse. Of the specialists, only Evgeny Petrovich remained, three sailors were extremely exhausted, so the commander picked up other physically strong young guys and, sincerely thanking the sailors of the first exit, sent them to bed. At noon on November 16, he himself set off again with three other Red Navy men. The frost increased to 20 degrees, but the group spent the whole day and all night exploring the future route. By 4 o'clock in the morning on November 17, they reached the coast at Cobona. After a short rest, the reconnaissance party set off along the route Kobona - Careji - Osinovets, laying another ice reconnaissance line. The investigation lasted all day and evening on November 17, it was difficult, as on the first day of reconnaissance, late at night they returned to their base. All night, the collected materials were processed by Senior Lieutenant V.S. Kupryushin and lieutenants A.A. Anischenko and S.V. Duev. By the morning of November 18, the maps of the routes were ready: Osinovetsky lighthouse - Zelentsy islands; Osinovetsky lighthouse - Kobona; Kobona - Careji - Osinovets. E.P. Churov wrote an explanatory note and, at about noon on November 18, reported to the command about the completion of the assignment and handed over all the materials.
The collected information served as the basis for the decision taken on November 19 to organize a permanent communication on the ice of Lake Ladoga. For a uniquely short time - 48 hours - E.P. Churov and his subordinates completed the task - they conducted reconnaissance of the future ice route of the Road of Life. The first crossing on the ice of the lake took place on November 20, 1941 - 350 teams of a horse-transport regiment left on the ice of Ladoga. The ice bent and cracked, but all the teams returned to the besieged city on November 21 and delivered the first 10 tons of flour. On November 22, three days ahead of schedule, the first 60 vehicles came out on the ice, and regular transportation began.
In 1942, E.P. Churov takes an active part in hostilities. On June 27 - August 1, he took part in the organization of artillery support by armored boats No. 99 and 100 of the 311th division of the 54th army of the Volkhov Front at the final stage of the Kirish offensive operation, he secretly led the boats to the position and provided the initial data for firing. From August 7 to September 1, he performed the duties of a supporting hydrograph in raiding operations of boats of the "Sea Hunter" type (landing of a sabotage group on the island of Gange ¬-Pa, actions on enemy communication routes). During the raid on the island of Gange ¬-Pa on August 12, he was slightly wounded by a fragment of an aerial bomb in his left hand.
Ships of the Ladoga military flotilla. Photo from the personal archive of V.E. Churov
On September 1, 1942, Yevgeny Petrovich Churov was awarded the rank of senior lieutenant; on November 6, he was awarded the first military order - the Red Star. In 1942, a special manual “Description of the skerries of Lake Ladoga” prepared by EP Churov was published. The author collected part of the materials before the war, the other part was obtained during military campaigns to the islands captured by the Finns in the north of the lake. The manual has become a kind of handbook for the commanders and navigators of the ships of the Ladoga military flotilla.
In 1943, EP Churov directed the reconnaissance activities of the M¬-77 submarine, was its navigator, and participated in all the submarine's combat campaigns. In October, a new appointment - the commander of the operational part of the 4th (Reconnaissance) branch of the Headquarters of the Ladoga military flotilla. It is especially worth noting the excellent basic training and personal diligence of Evgeny Petrovich Churov, during the war years he was able to master a number of naval specialties and brilliantly perform the assigned tasks. In November 1942, Senior Lieutenant Churov was awarded the first Order - the Red Star.
Sailing submarines on Ladoga, performing combat reconnaissance missions by crews is a unique naval experience, taking into account the specifics of the complex Ladoga lake conditions. In June 1943, two submarines M-77 and M-79 were transported by rail from Leningrad to Osinovets. Transporting the boats is not an easy task, but the railwaymen and sailors coped with it: they prepared special platforms with an extended base, temporarily removed the wires along the entire route, and built inclined slips on Ladoga for launching boats into the water.
Lieutenant-Commander E.P. Churov in the fall of 1944 at the Meripoega in Helsinki. Photo from the personal archive of V. E. Churov
Submarines and boats on Lake Ladoga carried out reconnaissance activities, and the idea of using submarines can be described as ingenious and effective. The submarine approached the observation point, raised the periscope and conducted observations for many days. The history of world wars knows many facts when intelligence helped save the lives of thousands of soldiers and officers. Therefore, a lot of attention and effort is always paid to conducting reconnaissance, gathering and information. Then from submarines began to land on the territory occupied by the enemy, groups of scouts. The boat approached, studied the situation through the periscope and secretly landed the scouts. After the appointed number of days and time, the submarine picked up our sailors, but the most amazing thing was the possibility of capturing the "tongues" directly from the submarine or boat. In fine weather, Finnish soldiers went out to the lake to fish. And suddenly, suddenly, something large, gray and slippery, with a cannon on its nose appeared in front of them. Shock, fear, panic in the enemy; probably, in this situation, many would be frightened. Brave Russian sailors emerge from the boat, explaining that there is no need to shoot and make noise, but to put machine guns and fishing rods on the bottom, cut through the bottom with knives and quickly go aboard the Soviet submarine. It should be noted that the Finns understood everything and followed orders in a disciplined manner. EP Churov personally took one "language", his reconnaissance groups - five more.
In 1944, from 15 to 21 May, EP Churov led a reconnaissance landing to the enemy-occupied island of Verkkosaari from the MO-¬228 boat, accompanied by the MO-199 boat. During the removal of reconnaissance troops from the island on May 21, he was seriously wounded by shell fragments in the thigh of his right leg and several minor wounds in other parts of his body. After spending two months in hospitals and not finishing treatment, Yevgeny Petrovich returned to his native Ladoga military flotilla, which by that time had become the Red Banner Flotilla. From August 16 to August 26, he commanded reconnaissance and raiding operations of the BKA-101 and BKA-102 armored boats to liberate the islands of the Valaam archipelago.
The research vessel of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR the steamer "Mikhail Lomonosov" in 1958. Photo from the personal archive of V.E. Churov
The Order of the Red Banner was awarded to EP Churov on September 22, 1944, and on September 30, he was awarded the title of "Lieutenant Captain". In October, the wounds opened, and he was sent to the hospital by order. Then a new appointment as a senior hydrographer of a separate detachment of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet. In his new position, he carried out hydrographic and pilotage works in the skerries of the Gulf of Finland and the Abo-Aland archipelago. Submarines (including the famous "S-13" by A. I. Marinesko) entered combat positions along the fairways he explored.
In January 1945, he was appointed head of the hydrographic party of a separate detachment of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet. In the spring and summer, he carried out the mission of the reconnaissance command of the island of Bornholm (Denmark) as part of a group headed by Rear Admiral EE Shvede. As a result, the group compiled a complete military-geographical description of the island.
The third military order - the Patriotic War I degree was awarded to Yevgeny Petrovich Churov on July 17, 1945. After the war, EP Churov graduated with honors, a gold medal and a marble plaque from the Naval Academy of Shipbuilding and Weapons. In 1953 he defended his Ph.D. thesis in the Department of Naval Sciences, dedicated to ship radar photography. In 1957 he began to deal with the use of space vehicles in the interests of the Navy. He wrote two notes to the heads of state and command: in February 1957 - under the heading "Navigation of the near future" and in December 1959 - with the title "Information on the current state of research in the field of navigational use of artificial earth satellites." Participates in the first research works on this topic. On November 5, 1957, he was awarded the title of "Captain 1st Rank".
In 1963 he defended his doctoral dissertation in the department of technical sciences, devoted to the development of satellite systems. From October 1963 to February 1972, he was the head of the Department of Space Technology (military-space equipment) of the Naval Academy of the Order of Lenin, created at his suggestion. The scientific works of EP Churov formed the basis of the first space navigation system of the Navy "Cyclone-¬B". In June 1965, he was awarded the academic title of professor at the Department of Space Technology.
March 1, 1972 - E.P. Churov said goodbye to the staff of the Department of Space Research of the Naval Academy when retiring to the reserve. Photo from the personal archive of V.E. Churov
For military activity during the Great Patriotic War and post-war naval service, Yevgeny Petrovich Churov was awarded two Orders of the Red Banner, two Orders of the Red Star, the Order of the Patriotic War of the 1st degree and twelve medals. Among the medals, the most revered in the war years and in our time "For Military Merit" and "For the Defense of Leningrad".
Since 1972, after retiring, until the end of his life he has been working at the Faculty of Applied Mathematics and Control Processes of Leningrad University. At the faculty in 1974 he created the department of the theory of control systems, where he continued research in the field of satellite applications, and also began to solve the problems of the theory of large systems.
Evgeny Petrovich Churov passed away on February 11, 1981, and was buried at the Northern Cemetery in St. Petersburg. A life well lived.
Vice-Admiral Viktor Sergeevich Cherokov and Admiral Yuri Alexandrovich Panteleev left us their memories, which give a high assessment of Evgeny Petrovich Churov and, first of all, his feat, accomplished in ice exploration to create an ice route for the Road of Life. Recall that during the war, V.S.Cherokov was the commander of the legendary Red Banner Ladoga military flotilla, and Yu. A. Panteleev was the commander of the Leningrad naval base, people are sincerely respected in our country, and their opinion is meaningful and objective.
On November 5, 1986, in accordance with clause 15 of the Regulation "On the procedure for naming and renaming state objects of union subordination and physical and geographical objects", approved by the Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the USSR dated November 29, 1966 No. 914, the Presidium of the USSR Academy of Sciences decided to assign the name "Mountain Churov "seamount located at 17 ° 29 'south latitude and 009 ° 53' west longitude, 1880 meters. Let us express the opinion that in memory of Yevgeny Petrovich Churov his name should be immortalized in our city.
Publication cover: Lieutenant E.P. Churov in 1940
S. Morozov.
Photo from the personal archive of V.E. Churov
