Introduction

The relevance of research.

The health of the younger man is a problem not only social, but also moral. The child himself should be able to be not only healthy, but to educate healthy children in the future.

The admission of a schoolboy to the problem of preserving his health is primarily the process of socialization - education. This is the creation of a high level of spiritual comfort, which is laid since childhood for life. For the formation of mental comfort, knowledge is needed on the laws of development of their body, its interaction with social factors. The existing system of schooling in all its scientific relations does not take into account the main one: a particular person, individual laws of its development. The inconsistency of the school system of education and the development of the identity of the child with specific patterns of individuality imposes a kind of vicious stereotype on the so-called home education, when each mother comes from the needs of his child, studied thoroughly, and from the overall position "so accepted, so it is necessary!" As for the fathers, they are generally for the most part, do not puzzle themselves with this problem.

In good health of the younger generation, everyone is interested - both parents, teachers and doctors, but practice shows that they apply not enough effort to save it. The health of children with age is deteriorating: their functional opportunities are reduced during their studies, which makes it difficult to master the curriculum, limits the choice of a future profession. Basic, and even more compiled school education should not worsen, but to improve the health of students through the improvement of their knowledge, the formation of skills and skills to strengthen their health and health surrounding.
So, at present, only 46% of children under the age of 7 are considered practically healthy. During the training in elementary school, the number of absolutely healthy schoolchildren to the fourth grade is reduced by 4-5 times. The frequency of violations of the organs of vision of the organs of view is 5 times the frequency of violations of the organs of vision is 5 times the frequency of violations of the digestive system, 2-3 times - a disorder of posture, 1.5-2 times - neuropsychic disorders.

Purpose of the study - to form the concept of "school" diseases and identify ways aimed at strengthening schoolchildren's health.

Object of study - Educational process aimed at preventing diseases.

Subject of study - Conditions for the formation of a healthy lifestyle of schoolchildren as the basis for the prevention of diseases.

In accordance with the objectives, object and subject of the study, the following were raised. tasks:

1. Choose and analyze scientific and methodological literature on this issue.

2. To identify the basic hygienic conditions for preserving the health of students at school.

3. Determine the influence of the educational process on the health of schoolchildren.

4. Examine the main forms and methods for the prevention of "school" diseases.

Basic hypothesis It was based on the assumption that the prevention of diseases is an effective means if:

Hygienic conditions at school contribute to the preservation of student health;

The educational process has a positive effect on the prevention of "school" diseases.

Practical significance:

Carrying out further scientific research of diseases of students of MBOU "SOSH No. 13";

Use the data obtained in the work of specialists in the field of medicine and pedagogy.

During the study, the following were used. methods: Studying and analysis of literary sources, generalization of the material studied.

1. "School Diseases".

Such a deplorable state of health of children is not only the result of the active adverse effects of socio-economic factors, but also a number of such organizational and pedagogical factors as:

inconsistency of programs and technologies of training with the functional and age features of students;

non-compliance with the elementary hygienic requirements for the organization of the educational process;

excessive intensification of the educational process (increasing the tempo and volume of training load);

unreasonably early start of pre-school systematic learning;

insufficient awareness of teachers in the development and protection of child health;

insufficient literacy of parents in the formation, preservation and strengthening of children's health.

From the above, the hygienic factor should be very highlighted, from which the creation of optimal training conditions at school largely depends. Even at the beginning of 19V. As a result of the first hygienic studies, a close relationship was established between the appearance of the so-called "school" diseases (myopia, a violation of posture, etc.) and hygienic conditions at school. Unfortunately, knowledge of hygienic standards and requirements for organizing training does not yet mean a real solution to the problem of preserving the health of schoolchildren.

Educational activities are potentially dangerous to health. However, the purpose of the physicians should not be a statement of facts: how many times the state of the teeth of schoolchildren deteriorates as the science of science has done, and the search for possible ways to save them.

1.1 Air-thermal regime in an educational institution.

This is one of the most important factors of the medium that affects the performance and state of the health of children and adolescents. As a result of a long stay of children in closed rooms, the air is contaminated. In addition to carbon dioxide, which inhales a person, the body allocates more than 200 chemical compounds into the air: methane, ethane, ammonia, acetone, methyl and ethyl alcohol, hydrogen sulfide, chlorine-containing compounds, benzene and many others. All this is anthropogenic allocations. Often these compounds of airborne waste are referred to as anthropotoxins - human poisons. And since currently there is an increase in the number of children with allergies, attention to the air-thermal regime should also be close.

The state of the air environment characterizes temperature, humidity, mobility, etc. Any indicator varies within different limits. Depending on the range of changes, it is highlighted:

· Optimal parameters are a change in the indicator in narrow limits. They define the comfort zone in which the maximum performance of students is possible;

· Permissible limits are a change in the indicator over a wide range, behind the upper and lower boundaries of which indicate a violation of sanitary and hygienic standards for this indicator. (Appendix 1, Table 1).

The air temperature in the premises should be differentiated depending on its purpose and climatic conditions and should be:

· In classroom premises, educational offices, laboratories - 18 - 20 ° C with their usual glazing and 19 - 21 ° C - with tape glazing;

· In training workshops - 15 - 17 ° C;

· In the assembly hall, lecturing audience, the class of singing and music, the club room - 18 - 20 ° C;

· In computer science offices - optimal 19 - 21 ° C, permissible 18 - 22 ° C;

· In the gym and rooms for sectional classes - 15 - 17 ° C;

· In the dressing room of the gym - 19 - 23 ° C;

· In the cabinets of doctors - 21 - 23 ° C;

· In recreations - 16 - 18 ° C;

· In the library - 17 - 21 ° C,

· In the lobby and wardrobe - 16 - 19 ° C.

Permanent deviations from comfortable indicators are adversely reflected in the state of students and increase the risk of their health.

It is unfavorable for both children and teachers dry air (impact on voice). In the premises of general education institutions, the relative humidity of the air must be respected within 40 - 60%. This indicator is determined by psychrometers in the respiratory zone. Permissible limits are 25 - 60%. A simple way to enhance humidity: put on the battery wet towels, the lower edge of which should be omitted into the vessels with water. You can simply pepper in a bottle of a bottle with a simple nozzle.

In any room there are two ventilation systems, air flow through the velocities and a channel hooding system with natural and mechanical motivation (workshop, cooking, dining room). The lack of an inorganized local air inflow creates insufficient quality of the air condition in the office, especially since the forced ventilation in schools is very old.

Before the start of classes and after their end, it is necessary to carry out through conducting training premises. On warm days, it is advisable to conduct classes in open framugas and submarines. The duration of through ventilation is determined by weather conditions. (Appendix 1, Table 2).

However, when carrying out, we can enter dirty air from the street into the room, so it is better to install air conditioners.

To maintain the optimal air environment, it is necessary to:

· The number of schoolchildren corresponded to the hygienic capacity;

· The hygienic mode of ventilation was performed;

· A daily wet cleaning of classes after classes and during a large change;

· Classes with exercise took place in special premises.

1.2 Illumination of school premises.

Insufficient and improper illumination leads to a progressive deterioration in health, a decrease in performance, an increase in neuro-psychological stress, fatigue.

Especially stimulates the brain work daylight. And if it is enough, then you need to include additional lighting exclude.

Sunlight has a tonic and strengthening effect on the body, increases the overall resistance of diseases, creates the conditions necessary for the normal growth and development of children and adolescents. Light regime cannot be considered in the separation from the protection of vision. Schools should be provided with natural and artificial lighting, which meets modern standards and rules. This is a necessary condition for preserving the overall and visual performance, preventing the rapid fatigue of the eyes and disorders of vision.

The location of day lighting goes to the left to the parties located inside the classroom. Natural lighting is determined by the basic norms and indirect indicators.

The main standards include:

· Location of the building and orientation of windows;

· A sufficient coefficient of natural illumination (KE.O);

· Suppressing light coefficient (CWS);

· Suppressing coefficient of bulk (KZ).

The orientation of windows of the room relative to the parties to the light has a significant impact on the level of illumination. The greatest illumination in the morning in all latitudes is observed during the east and southern orientation of windows.

Indirect indicators affecting the level of natural illumination:

· Size, configuration and equipment of windows, their sanitary condition (purity);

· Size of simpleness, the height of the windowsills, the distance from the ceiling to the top edge of the window;

· Painting of the interior of the room;

· Alignment and painting of furniture;

· Distance from school to a high-rise building, located near, to trees and shrubs.

Artificial illumination can be carried out by luminescent lamps and incandescent lamps. Artificial lighting is on top. The teacher must ensure that all the lamps are burning.

In case of non-compliance with the requirements for lighting, uncertainment is developing, the overall performance and productivity of labor decreases.

1.3 School Furniture.

Equipment for children and adolescents should correspond to their anatomy-physiological features and anthropometric data. Furniture and other equipment should contribute to the correct, convenient pose of the child, correspond to the proportions of their body. Classes at school are associated with static tension of the muscles of the back, abdomen, limbs.

Younger students have less sustainability of the posture compared to the middle and older age. The task of holding the posture includes minimizing the magnitude of the deviation of the center of gravity from the equilibrium position. With an increase in the inclination of the body, the center of gravity and an increase in the amplitude of its oscillations occurs, simultaneously increases the tension of the muscles of the neck and the back, while there is an increase in the pulse, a decrease in the amplitude of respiratory movements, a violation of vision is observed, the venous stagnation in the limbs is recorded, squeezing intervertebral disks.

The position of the body is considered correct if:

· Sustainable equilibrium and center of gravity do not go beyond the support area;

· There is a normal activity of cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive systems, auditory and visual analyzers;

· There is no additional static voltage.

Landing the student at the desk is considered correct if:

· There is a sufficient number of support areas (seat, back, floor);

· The thighs lie on the seat of at least 2/3 and no more than 3/4 of its length;

· Eye distance from the working point (notebook, book) is equal to the length of the forearm and brushes with elongated fingers;

· Chest calendo from the edge of the table by 5-6 cm (palm width);

· Feet bent in the knee and hip joints under direct or slightly blunt angle (90-100 °).

Competent selection of furniture for school is required for:

· Providing the right position of the body and long-term performance;

· Normal physical development;

· Prevention of disorders of the musculoskeletal system.

School furniture is standardized, and the leading criterion in determining the furniture group is the growth of the student.

Each studyable is provided by a convenient workplace at the desktop or table in accordance with its growth and the condition of vision and hearing. When selecting furniture, respectively, the growth of the student is produced by its color marking. Stools or benches instead of chairs are not used (Appendix 1, Table 3).

Materials for the manufacture of school furniture can serve various types of wood: sawn timber, plywood, chipboard and fibreboard (ash, birch, beech, pine, spruce, fir) - and various plastic materials. The surface should be smooth, matte. Color - all shades of green and natural wood.

The teacher also needs to be constantly reminding about the right pose of a student during classes. According to the Scientific Center of Children's Health, the RAMS The correct pose for students should correspond to various parameters of the child's body and should change when they are fulfilled by various training actions: when writing, when reading, standing at the board or the desk.

If difficulties have difficulty selection of furniture, it is better to plant a student for a larger party than required.

The placement of furniture is important to create optimal learning conditions. From the outer wall to the first row of tables should be at least 0.5 m (0.6-0.7 m); From the inner wall to the third row and from the rear wall to the last part - from 0.5 to 0.65 m; from the class board to the first tables - at least 2 m and no more than 3 m; Between rows -0.6-0.8 m. When leaving students in the classroom, it is necessary to take into account their anthropometric data (growth) and health status.

For children with impaired hearing and vision desks, regardless of their number, put on the first, and students with reduced urgency should be placed in the first row from the windows.

Children, often ill-friendly ORZ, angns, colds, should be searched on from the outer wall.

1.4 The influence of houseplants on the microclimate of training premises and the health of students.

Microclimate is a complex of physical factors of the indoor interior, affecting the thermal exchange of the body and human health. Microclimatic indicators include temperature, humidity and speed of air movement, the temperature of the surfaces of the enclosing structures, objects, equipment, as well as some of their derivatives (the air temperature gradient vertically and horizontally the room, the intensity of thermal radiation from the internal surfaces).

Optimal microclimatic conditions are a combination of microclimate parameters, which, with long-term and systematic effects on a person, ensures a feeling of thermal comfort and creates prerequisites for high performance.

Permissible microclimatic conditions are such a combination of microclimate parameters, which, with long-term and systematic effects per person, can cause voltage of thermoregulation reactions and which do not go beyond physiological adaptive capabilities. In this case, there are no violations in the state of health, there are no discomfort of thermal industries, worsening the well-being and decrease in working capacity. The optimal parameters of the microclimate in the premises are provided by air conditioning systems, and permissible parameters - conventional ventilation and heating systems.

Currently, scientists have established that in addition to aesthetic properties, plants have another useful function - indoor plants improve the composition of the air, purify the atmosphere, which has a beneficial effect on our well-being brain activity.

The aerial environment of urban apartments and, in particular, the study rooms are far from perfect. In addition to the usual dust, the air of the room has an increased content of chemical compounds allocated by the structure of materials, furniture. In addition, the air environment contains conditionally pathogenic microorganisms, such as staphylococcus, microscopic mold mushrooms. These organisms, falling into favorable conditions on the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract, can cause sharp respiratory and allergic diseases. Plants often serve as a filter of harmful substances, being detoxicators and air ionizers.

It is necessary to study houseplants in detail and their influence on our health. And among the whole of their diversity, there are those that subduce air from toxins, and, therefore, improve the microclimate of the premises.

All indoor plants can be divided into several groups on various features:

1) appearance

- DecorativeNOLIST

Make up an integral part of the interior. As a rule, bloom with small and non-decorative flowers. They are grown due to their beautiful leaves usually green or other unusual colors: yellow, red, some plants have leaves, changing color in the fall. Forms of leaves are: blade, dissected, linear, oval, etc. Most sheet plates have gear edges.

- Drazing

This most extensive group of indoor plants is rightfully considered to be the most valuable for growing in rooms. Some plants form berries and fruits. Plants bloom in different periods of the year, some - all year round. The duration of flowering of each type ranges from several days to several months. Among the many flowering plants are one-year annuals, fading after the first flowering.

2) influence on the human body

1. Useful.

Receive a beneficial effect on the health or mental activity of man. Clean air from harmful substances, ionize it.

2. Neutral

Not pronounced influence on man.

3. Harmful (poisonous)

Have a negative impact. Touching, eating or inhalation of the smell of these plants can lead to a general deterioration of well-being, allergic reactions, etc.

Cleansing air plants from toxins.

If, being in the audience, you constantly suffer from headaches, attention scattered or respiratory disruption, the reason may not be a healthy microclimate in the office, associated, as a rule, with harmful substances in the air. Such phenomena are observed most often in the newly renovated cabinets.

In the air of the audience (especially with a renovation) are in a certain, albeit small, concentrations of harmful substances that can be allergens:

Formaldehyde - chemical used in the manufacture of plywood, furniture, carpets, fibrous materials and certain types of insulation;

Various solvents contained in paints, plastics, glues and some other chemical products used for decoration of apartments;

Various microorganisms;

Modern building materials are often becoming a source of harmful substances that can cause considerable harm to health. Help will be able to house plants - they serve as a filter for harmful substances sprayed in the air. Plants produce phytoncides - volatile agents that kill viruses, fungi, pathogenic bacteria. The most effective in combating construction poisons are aloe, chlorophytum, ficus, Diffenbahia, Drazen, Azalea. And the microbic can be eliminated from the air with the help of begonias, rosemary, myrta, pelargonium. In addition, indoor flowers increase air humidity in the room, carbon dioxide withdrawn, and thanks to the large area of \u200b\u200bthe leaves, the plants become a unique acoustic device that quench loud sounds.

Today, more and more attention is paid to the sealing of premises for better heat savings. The air in the cabinets is still exchanged, but it takes longer more time than before, which leads to the accumulation of pollutants in it to a level threatening students' health.

Such a "chemical cocktail" can lead people predisposed to various allergic reactions or respiratory pathologies to loss of health and disease.

Since the 1980s, symptoms are known to the doctors and folk healers, the causes of which cannot be identified by conventional diagnostic methods. Especially remarkable was that patients immediately occurred improved as soon as they came into room with fresh, clean air. Then it was introduced the concept of "SICK-Building-Syndrom" (ill-treatment syndrome). The symptoms of this syndrome are fatigue, depression, headaches, asthma, irritation of the mucous membrane, nose and throat, blockage of the nasal and frontal sinuses,

skin diseases, allergies and in the worst cases - malignant tumors. Often, poisonous substances contribute to the development of additional allergic reactions to dust, home ticks, disputes of mold, pollen and food spores in hypersensitive people.

The American Environmental Protection Society considers pollution of the living space ("Life Climate") to poisonous substances with one of the five more dangerous evils, threatening human health. The reason for the "bad atmosphere" is both absolutely isolated modern rooms that are closed for air access.

Plants are capable of filtering or converting poisonous substances and improve the air in the house. In addition, they moisturize the air, if, of course, we do not leave them without water (Appendix 1, Table 4).

Cleaner filters may not only be plants leaves, but partly and roots. This is helped by millions of microorganisms in the land for flowering.

Harmful and poisonous plants

It is necessary to remember that the presence of plants in the office may worsen the state of people suffering from bronchial asthma. The mushrooms of the genus Aspergillus, often present in the soil, are the cause of the disease of the lungs - allergic aspergilleze. Disputes of mushrooms, falling with inhaled air into bronchi, settle in them and begin to multiply. Therefore, as a soil for indoor plants, it is not necessary to use the Earth with fallen leaves, straw. In general, watering flowers, make sure that the excess of moisture is not formed in the soil and pallet. It is harmful for plants (reinforce the roots), and for the health of students.

Very often indoor plants are used as a home aid kit. Aloe, Kalanchoe and called "Doctor Plants". But with a huge number of indications for use in the same aloe (countertop), it turns out, there are a lot of restrictions. Aloe juice is contraindicated in the disease of the kidneys and liver, it is not recommended for severe heart disease, hypertension, acute stomach disorder, people over 40 years old, in uterine and hemorrhoidal bleeding, large periods of pregnancy.

Finally, there are also poisonous among indoor plants, and very common in our audiences. For example, oleander and diffenbahia whose juice is very dangerous.

In the white juice of all thenespends contains irritating the skin of the substance in different concentrations. This family includes the most beautiful, also known as the names of Poansettia and the "Christmas Star", Mile, Codiomem, and Akalifa.

You can regret those who have allergies to primroses: irritation or inflammation of the skin begins with the slightest contact with the primor inverse of the skin. It is at this species on thin hairs of sheets and stems that are allocations that many people react so sensitively. Primulus, however, not poisonous. A similar substance is contained in the tubers of the peach cyclics, to which, however, is not so often someone touches (Appendix 1, Table 5).

1.5 Schoolchildren's Day Mode.

The concept of "daily mode" includes durability, organization and distribution during the day of all types of activities, recreation and meals. The rational regime involves the compliance of its content, organization and constructing certain hygienic standards. These standards are based on the laws of the highest human nervous activity and take into account the anato-physiological features of a growing body

The daily regime is an important factor ensuring the normal physical and mental development of children and adolescents, creates prerequisites for optimal performance, prevents the development of overwork, increases the overall resistance of the body.

From physiological positions, the regime is considered as a system of conditionally reflex reactions acting as a dynamic stereotype. Addictive to the new regime is gradually, for a certain period of time. Therefore, one of the principles of hygienic regime is strictly execution, the inadmissibility of frequent changes, the gradual transition to a new regime of training and education.

Another hygienic principle can be formulated as follows: the activity of students should be different in character and duration should be satisfactory and not exceed the limit of the health of the cerebral cortex cells; Rest must ensure the full functional restoration of the body. Therefore, all types of activities and recreation children should be included in the mode of the day, taking into account their age.

Severe six main mode components:

· Air walks;

· Training activities;

· Gaming activities and recreation on choice;

· Food techniques;

· personal hygiene.

Depending on the age, the content of the time and daily time budget changes. Under the daily budget, the duration of all regime moments understand. It is important to rational distribution of regime components during the day, their shift and alternation. Following this principle, it should be proceeded from:

· Accounting for daily biorhythms, characteristic of the body of a child and a teenager;

· Rational alternation of activities;

· Use mechanisms for improving the health of the cerebral cortex cells.

Daily biological rhythm is the oscillations of the functional state of the body. The low level of functioning of all physiological systems is observed at night, and during the daytime (from 9 to 11-12 hours and from 16 to 18 hours) there is an increase in the level of functioning of the body systems. When drafting the mode, these features should be taken into account. Mandatory classes at school should be carried out in the morning hours, and home training sessions from 16 to 18 hours; If students are engaged in the second shift, then for the preparation of lessons is recommended only in the morning hours, and school classes should end no later than 18 hours 30 minutes.

The rational organization of activity implies the change of one species to others. At the same time, each new regime turns into a kind of rest, relieving fatigue caused by previous activities.

When drawing up a day mode, it is advisable to take into account the techniques that allow you to stimulate the restoration of the body's health (for example, washing, wiping individual parts of the body with cold water, breathing exercises, physical attack).

Thus, with the organization of the day, all hygienic principles should be taken into account, it must comply with the anatomo-physiological characteristics and opportunities of children and adolescents.

For the optimal organization of the day mode that promotes successful training, raising children and adolescents, their proper physical and mental development, it is necessary to conduct oral conversations with students regarding the preparation of the day of the day, alternating regime moments, their durations, as well as the distribution of rest period and activity, taking into account biological rhythms.

1.6. Food schoolchildren.

Intensive training activities are associated with mental and physical exertion, energy costs, which can be made with food.

For a growing organism, rational nutrition is extremely important. For the normal life of the body, nutrition is needed, providing energy consumption sufficient on the quantitative composition and takes into account the complex relationship between nutrients, vitamins, mineral substances. It is of particular importance for children and adolescents, the food diet of which should be balanced depending on the age, gender, the nature of the activity, the magnitude of the physical exertion and other things. The rational nutrition should ensure that substances entering the body entering the formation of new cells and reimburse the body's energy spending, promote the normal physical and mental development of children, increase the body's resistance to infectious diseases, improve performance.

(In Appendix 1, Table 6- The norms of the physiological needs of children in energy are presented.)

One of the important principles of rational nutrition is properly organized student mode. This concept includes:

· Strict adherence to the time of food intake and intervals between them;

· Proper quantitative and high-quality distribution of food into separate methods and a combination of food components;

· Sanitary and hygienic conditions for food intake and child behavior during food (culture of behavior at the table).

It is recommended to take food no earlier than 3-3.5 hours and no later than 4-4.5 hours after the previous reception. The rational power regime of all healthy children over 1 year is 4-5 times eating. When organizing a power mode, it is necessary to properly distribute the calorie content of the daily diet, take into account the quantitative distribution of food. It is desirable that the last meal of food is no later than 2 hours before sleep.

The duration of individual food meals should also be regulated in time: for breakfast and dinner -15-20 min, for lunch -20-25 min., For afternoon-10-15 min.

The menu should be drawn up so that meat, fish and other protein products are children received in the first half of the day, as they increase the metabolism and have an exciting effect on the nervous system. It is important to combine dishes and products.

It was established that during their stay at school, the daily energy consumption of young school students make up 500-600 kcal, middle and older school age - 600-700 kcal, which is approximately 1/4 part of the daily need for energy and the main foodstuffs. These energy consumption must be filled with hot school breakfasts. In schools and extended day groups, children should receive breakfast and lunch, and with a long stay at school - and afternoon snack. For six-year-old children in schools, it is recommended to organize a three-time nutrition (hot breakfast, lunch and afternooner). Breakfast should consist of a snack (salad), hot dishes, hot drink; Lunch - from snacks, first, second and sweet dishes. For an afternoon person, 200 g. Milk or lactic acid products with bread or bun.

Animal origin protein in the diet should be 50% of the total protein, and with a large load - 60%. With that, for each child, the diet should be individual and take into account the floor, age, growth, weight, intensity of the training load, the duration of classes, a feature of classes, sections.

Be sure to take into account the territory where the child lives, seasons (spring and autumn is not for porridge, macaron and meat, you need more vitamins).

2. Organization of the educational process.

Order of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation (No. 237, 1993) approved a basic curriculum for all general educational institutions of the country.

The basic curricula determines the minimum number of hours to study educational items, sets the load of students depending on age.

The child's body is peculiar to the incompleteness of the development of important organs and functional systems: the central nervous system, visual and hearing analyzers, the musculoskeletal system. Therefore, a properly organized educational process contributes to not only the acquisition of strong knowledge on major school disciplines, but also to the favorable growth and development of students, strengthening their health.

Depending on the educational institution's profile in each of them, the curriculum is developed independently. At the same time, hours on individual disciplines may vary, but the load should not exceed the established hygienic standards.

The main requirements for the educational process include:

· Strict regulation of the training load depending on the age of students (the number of lessons during the day, week, year);

· Accounting for the dynamics of the mental performance of students during the day, week, academic year.

School classes combine fairly high mental and physical, static and dynamic loads, so the educational mode provides for the following rules:

· Training classes in schools should begin not earlier than 8 hours in the morning (at the same time, the holding of zero lessons is prohibited) and end no later than 18 hours in the second shift;

· Students of primary school, fifth, graduation and compensatory training classes should be trained in the first shift;

· In general educational institutions with in-depth content of training, it is prohibited to introduce a 5-day school week for students of 5-11 grades. For other schools, the organization of training sessions for the 5-day school week is admissible;

· In order to facilitate the process of adapting children to school requirements, a "step" mode of training sessions with gradual increase in training load should be applied: in September - 3 lessons of 35-minute duration;

starting from the second quarter - 4 lessons of 35 minutes each; In the second half of the year, the number of lessons is determined by the weekly learning load, the duration of each lesson should not exceed 40-45 minutes;

· For students in the first grades, additional weekly vacations are established during the year;

· Conducting dual lessons in elementary school is prohibited. For students of the 5-9 grades, dual lessons are allowed when conducting laboratory, test work, labor lessons, targeted physical education (skis, swimming). Dual lessons should be followed by a large variable or dynamic pause, a duration of at least 20-30 minutes;

· Duration of change between lessons should be at least 10 minutes, and a large change (after two or three lessons) - 30 minutes. Instead of one large change, it is allowed to arrange two changes and for 20 minutes each after the second and third lessons. Changes must be carried out at maximum ventilation, in rolling games. At large variation recommended visiting dining or tea party in the classroom;

· In health purposes, general education institutions should create conditions for meeting the natural needs of schoolchildren in motion, which can be implemented through the daily motor activity of students in the amount of at least 2 hours: conducting gymnastics to training activities (5-6 min in younger and secondary school, 6 -8 min - in older; physical attacks in the lessons (5 min.) In the younger and high school; mobile games on all changes (1-4 classes - 15-20 minutes; 5-9 classes - 35-45 min; 10- 11th grades - 15-20 min.); Physical education lessons (at least 3 hours per week for all classes; extracurricular forms of sports activities (the work of sports, the correction groups of the musculoskeletal system, the general competition, health days, etc. ); independent physical education classes (1st grade - 10-15 min, 2-4 classes - 15-20 minutes, 5-8 classes - 20-25 min, 9-10 classes - 25-30 min, 11th grade - 30-35 min.).

For the same purpose, the school component of curricula (especially for younger students) it is necessary to include items associated with moving motor activity (choreography, rhythmics, modern, ballroom dancing, training traditional and national sports games, etc.)

2.1 Schedule of lessons.

Schedule lessons is one of the main elements of the educational process. In the amount of the maximum permissible weekly load of students, along with the obligatory, all hours of additional occupations should be taken into account (optional, group, individual). For individual sessions, a separate schedule is compiled. All other classes should be planned for days with the least amount of mandatory lessons. Between the last lesson of mandatory classes and the beginning of optional, a break of a duration of 30 - 45 minutes is arranged.

Modern scientific research has established that the biorhythmic optimum of mental performance in children of school age is accounted for by an interval of 10-12 hours. In this clock, the greatest effectiveness of the mastering of the material at the lowest psycho-physiological costs of the body is noted.

Therefore, in the schedule of lessons for students I levels, basic items should be carried out on 2 - 3 lessons, and for students II and III steps - on 2, 3, 4 lessons.

Nonodynakova mental performance of students and on different days of the study week. Its level increases by the middle of the week and remains low at the beginning (Monday) and at the end (Friday) of the week. Based on this, the learning load should be distributed during the week in such a way that its greatest volume comes from on Tuesday and (or) Wednesday. These days in the school schedule should include either the most difficult items or medium and light, but in more than the rest of the week. On Monday and Saturday, the schedule must be facilitated by reducing the number of hours or inclusion in the schedule of lighter items.

Statement of new material, test work should be carried out by 2 - 4 lessons in the middle of the school week. When drawing up the schedule of lessons, it is necessary during the day and week for younger schoolchildren to alternate the basic objects with music lessons, iso, labor, physical education, and for students of the middle and senior link alternate objects of natural and humanitarian cycles.

Items that require high time spent on home training should not be grouped in one day.

Supplement to this table can serve new school subjects and profile disciplines (Appendix 1, Table 8).

With a proposed schedule of lessons, the greatest number of points per day over the amount of all items should have to be on Tuesday and (or) Wednesday. This distribution of the weekly learning load should be strive in drawing up a schedule for 9-11 classes.

For students in the 5-8-grades, it is necessary to distribute the training load in the weekly cycle in such a way that its greatest intensity (by the amount of points per day) accounted for Tuesday and Thursday, while the Wednesday would be somewhat lightweight during the day.

The schedule is made incorrectly when the largest number of points per day falls on the dead days of the week or when it is equally all the days of the week.

Properly compiled schedule prevents the appearance of overwork.

3. Prevention of "school" diseases.

3.1 Prevention of disorders of the musculoskeletal system.

Proper posture - beauty and harmony, evidence of good health and high human activity. Violation of posture is diverse: stubbornness, round spin, schomotic posture, lordotic posture.

The number of children with a violation of posture increases to 11-12 years, and then decreases due to the active sports life of adolescents and strengthening their musculoskeletal system.

The peculiarities of the disorder of the posture affect the development and health of children: superficial, not deep breathing with a decrease in the life capacity of the lungs entails the decrease in physical strength and endurance, mixing the internal organs of the chest and the abdominal cavity adversely affect their functions.

The main role in the formation of the correct posture plays a uniform and sufficient muscle development, the correct distribution of muscle traction.

The main factors causing the posture disturbance include the insufficient or uneven development of the muscular system, the discrepancy between the table height and the chairs of the child's growth, which forces it low to tilt his head or, on the contrary, stretch, rely on a chest on a written table. Physical and mental human labor is always associated with a certain working posture. Its correct choice ensures success in the work and delays the onset of fatigue. The compliance of furniture proportions of the body determines the correct energy consumption by the body, the normal functional activity of the chest organs, abdomen, eyes.

Teacher's task is to instill students such working postures per desk and a table that correspond to anatomy-physiological and hygienic forms of labor and posture. The most properly in physiological and hygienic attitude of the student at the desk is a direct landing. With such a landing, a normal visual perception of text is ensured. A straight boarding of a schoolboy at the desk ensures the most correct course of physiological processes in the body, the wrong landing causes a rapid fatigue of the muscles.

To prevent violation of posture from schoolchildren, you need to observe all the hygiene requirements for the regime of the day, to play sports, select educational furniture and equipment for growth, patiently eliminate children from the life of children, contributing to the violation of posture. If there are already violations already, it is necessary to turn to the doctor - a specialist for the correction gymnastics and strictly fulfill all the recommendations prescribed by them (Appendix 3).

3.2 . Prevention of vision disorder.

Each schoolboy should have a properly organized place for classes: a written table, a chair, a bookcase or a shelf of the house and suitable for its growth in the classroom.

It is necessary to create such conditions that would not force an organ of vision overrun. These include, above all, sufficient illumination of the workplace, both in the afternoon and in the evening; Alternation of visual work with rest for the eyes.

Doctors - hygienists proved that all visual functions (visual acuity, contrast sensitivity) are sharply reduced in poor light conditions. The most favorable visual analyzer is natural illumination ranging from 800 to 1200 LCs.

Very important in creating rational lighting condition has a correctly selected reinforcement of the light source. It should protect the eyes of students from blinding ray and ensure uniform lighting. Insufficient illumination of students' jobs forces them to bring eyes closer to the object under consideration, which leads to the overvoltage of the pupil, causes fatigue and serves as one of the reasons for impairment of vision. On cloudy days, early morning and evening hours to ensure optimal illumination in the workplace, it is necessary to include natural and artificial lighting. And do not be afraid of the combination of natural and artificial lighting. Special studies have shown that for sight is much worse than the lack of light than the use of mixed lighting.

With long-term intense visual work at school and at home it is recommended to periodically take a break and look into the distance. This is a good feature for the eyes.

Most often, schoolchildren meet myopia, and it can lead to serious violations of violations. In the prevention of myopia, the light plays a large role, especially in the morning hours, when the body has an intensive impact of ultraviolet rays. With ultraviolet "starvation" there is a violation of phosphorus-calcium exchange, the performance of the accommodation apparatus is reduced. Under the influence of ultraviolet rays, provitamin, which is in the skin, moves from a noteworthy state to active, thereby contributing to the correct absorption of calcium and phosphorus salts. It is necessary to be in air as much as possible during the period of the most intensive effect of ultraviolet radiation. This is important not only to restore the body's performance, but also for resting eyes.

Of great importance for good vision has proper nutrition, including a sufficient amount of vitamins, especially D and A. Incorrect landing of a schoolboy at a table or a desk may also cause violation of violation. The distance from the eyes to the book should be at least 30-35 cm, when reading at the table, it is necessary to use the stand for books.

It should be explained by schoolchildren from reading, lying and in moving transport. Permanent fluctuations in text create prerequisites for overvoltage of the visual analyzer.

If children complain about impairment of vision, fatigue with visual work, eye pain, they need to show a doctor.

One of the violation of vision is hemerology, known as chicken blindness. In hemerology, a person sees well with the onset of twilight and darkness, during the day and with a rather bright artificial light sees normally.

Prevention in hymeraology is consisting of food with a sufficient amount of vitamins, especially A. It is necessary to comply with the right mode of labor and recreation, protecting eyes from bright light and long-term voltage (Appendix 2).

3.3. Prevention of school neurosis.

Almost all the neurosis among schoolchildren are accompanied by reluctance to attend school. The same applies to all other mental disorders from schoolchildren. It is clear that all sorts of mental deviations lead to expressed in one or another social deadaptation. In nature, not yet described diseases, thanks to which a sick person would be able to work longer and more productive than healthy. Schoolboy has social life mainly to study. If he is seriously ill, then school adaptation is impaired inevitably and in some cases the student stops attending school. It happens with many neurons, and with other psychogenic disorders, which we will talk about many more.

It happens otherwise: in itself, the school visit is unpleasant to the child, acts in oppressing, he avoids attending school. Or because it was offended there, or the teachers are too strict (from his point of view), or he did not learn lesson and is afraid to show his inconsistency, or, perhaps, the schoolboy wants to go along the path of least resistance and he does not go to school at all ? The variants of human behavior here is an infinite set, and in this book we are talking only about their pathological manifestations. So, schoolchildren have practically no pronounced neurosis that would not be manifested in school or have not been associated with her visit. The concept of school neurosis is not well clear and differentiated: all sorts of neuroses are included here, and pathocharacterological disorders, and everything else.

Modern living conditions of the family and school, actualizing for most members of society, regardless of their age, the problem of survival, has a significant impact on the developing personality of a schoolboy. The embodiment in the personality of this influence is mediated by the internal conditions of mental development, which, above all, should include the peculiarities of the person.

Regarding the personality of a teenager, which is on the threshold of maturity, has a mental mechanism for reflecting the difficulties of life, with which the wait and anticipation of life problems are related, their assessment and comparison with their own opportunities for their overcoming, the emotional experiences of the difficult for the personality of life events, as well as assessing their consequences. These mechanisms are closely related to the motives of activities and with self-esteem. They are actively involved in goaling, in the formation of tasks, in mobilizing forces and means to solve them.

From our point of view, the phenomenon of personal anxiety is widely known in the psychological literature is a set of vital manifestations of this mechanism. In adolescence, it consists with sufficient certainty and clearly manifests itself as a psychodynamic aspect of emotional and volitional regulation of activities.

It should be warned that in psychological literature this look at anxiety is not generally accepted. Formulating it on the basis of our research, we are aware that many psychologists understand something other than anxiety: either a special personality property, or a mental state arising in special (extreme) conditions, or an emotional experience of negative modality. Such an anxiety understanding emphasizes its attitude not to a holistic personality phenomenon and the system-organized mechanism for mental regulation associated with it, but only to some kind of private fragment, a separate party, a single manifestation. A teenager with anxious type of personality has vividly expressed motifs of avoidance of failures, reduced activity of motivational trends towards achieving success. His self-esteem is inadequately understated, the claims are low. The activity of anxiety adolescents in the lesson is reduced. They tend to abandon the choice of difficult learning tasks and focus on the easy tasks. Insecurity in choosing a goal is accompanied by severe indecision. Mental states arising from preparation for academic work and its implementation are characterized by the predominance of the emotions of a negative modality, a weak concentration of attention, the emergence of numerous memory errors that make the fixation of the useful experience of academic work. The execution time of learning tasks is significantly lengthened.

In a collision with difficulties, with the facts of failures an alarming teen is inclined to the rigidity of goal-setting, to the inability to exercise tactical flexibility in choosing the goals and means of their achievement. The frequent experience of failure, due to negative social evaluations of performance, leads to severe dissatisfaction and accumulation in the emotional memory of potentially negative experiences. The presented picture of the mental regulation of the adolescent activity, characterized by an anxious type of personality explains why he poorly absorbs knowledge on various subjects of the school program. This circumstance gives grounds for the recommendations of important preventive, corrective and educational measures aimed at the development of socially adequate motives and self-esteem of the personality in anxious children.

All this indicates that psychologist, teacher, the parents of an alarming schoolchild must be concerned not so much to the desire to reduce the anxiety by any possible means, but try to transform the structure of an alarming personality so that it can with more completeness to realize his rich personal potential, without wasteing it on inadequate overvoltages, negative emotional experiences, fears, etc.

The difficulties of the social situation of the development of the identity of the child with the neurosis caused by its inactivity are complicated by low personal status in the class. Defects of moral education, weak performance and communication conflict cause a negative attitude in peers.

Many children are diagnosed with neurotic reactions (stuttering, ticks, night enuresis, involuntary movements of the sucking of the finger, nail cloaking, etc.), the neurotic experiences of the subject-fixed fear, expressed anxiety before performing test and test work, accompanied by sharp treatment of heartbeat. Neurotic personality, the emergence of border mental diseases, psychosomatic disorders - a sad fact, testifying to the loss of health for the reasons of insufficient attention to the problems of an alarming type of schoolchildren.

An analysis of these prophylactic and correctional work indicates that it is necessary to have a strategy for working with an alarm child. Reasonable demanding to organizational aspects of educational labor, suggesting confidence and support in the formulation of educational tasks, close attention to the process of their decision, timely assistance, involvement in active creative forms of activity, meaningful assessment of its results, all the emphasis of achievements and a number of other funds should contribute to increasing Accessibility of children with neurosis.

It is necessary to use an excreable system of teaching children with school neurosis. The bad estimate "pushes" the child to a stronger experience, provokes an alarm. The school mark is too summarized to accurately measure the behavior of students and stimulate their learning activities. More correctly use a differentiated assessment system (school marks), which would have been evaluated for effort, diligence, adjacent and evaluation for the quality of the response.

Ingrading the quality of the regulation of training activities will be facilitated by dosage tasks, with a gradual increase in difficulty. The teacher must constantly reinforce the success of the child, stimulate it to fulfill the activities of prompts, approval, praise, permanent success, to use the rate of the lesson, correlated with the possibilities of a child with neurosis. A constant concern is needed to accumulate knowledge of success, to strengthen confidence in their own power. It is necessary to form promial, business motives of educational activities and communicate. Particularly close attention should be paid to the moral education of children, correction of moral disharmony, socio-inadequate motivational plants and inadequately understated self-esteem.

For children with neurosis, the narrowness of the circle of communication and spheres of vital activity saturated with communication is characterized. We need special efforts of psychologists, teachers, parents to overcome the psychological barrier of inadequateness. Training Communication, the creation of favorable social microcers, measures to strengthen the status positions of schoolchildren in the educational group and in extracurricular teams can be widely used to correct the manifestations of neurosis.

To combat neuroticization, close cooperation of the teacher, psychologist and physician in the prevention and treatment of neuroses are necessary. The role of a psychologist here is very significant: he performs psychodiagnostics of personal determinants of neurotic disorders, the correction of disharmonies in the development of the child's personality, the consequences of which the neurosis becomes.

The teacher undertakes the necessary efforts to eliminate the stressful factors of school life, provoking neurotic reactions and aggravating neuroticization. The doctor treats neurosis by resorting to a wide range of psycho-genic, psychotherapeutic and psychopharmacological agents.

conclusions:

As a result, the study was confirmed by my hypothesis that:

Hygienic conditions at school contribute to the preservation of student health;

Properly organized educational process positively affects the prevention of "school" diseases.

Conclusion.

Health and education. Usually, using these words together, implies the negative impact of hard student learning on the health of students, the purpose of adults is to search for effective forms of education aimed at rehabilitation and the formation of students in students with priority of health as one of the highest values.

It is obvious that not a single person can not be for a long time to make healthy without his own efforts based on a deep understanding of the essence of the health, knowledge and ability to use the health procedures, and most importantly - without a conscious self-discipline and desire to be healthy. Most people do not mind being healthy, although they mistakenly believe that it means simply not to have obvious diseases that are usually treated doctors. According to their conviction, to follow health means not having harmful habits and with diseases to contact the doctor. And the doctor will cure.

According to modern ideas, the human body is a complex self-organizing system consisting of a number of subsystems and organs aimed at maintaining its own constancy, open for energy and information interaction with the environment. Damage to the organ or subsystem is usually manifested in the form of signs (symptoms) of some disease, but the mismatch in the work of subsystems, leading to these damage, may not have such obvious manifestations for a long time, which in traditional medicine would be related to unhealthy. This is the principal difference in sense of health.

As long as the state is ready to pay only treatment for diseases, and not ready to pay for health promotion services, all means and thinking doctors will be directed to the search and treatment of diseases, and the prevention of diseases will only speak. Therefore, one of the most important long-term education goals is to change the health attitude to all sectors of our society, and the closest is the development and implementation of the entire complex of organizational measures, pedagogical and didactic means to improve health and lensidation of students to a healthy life in educational institutions.

Organizational measures: the creation of health offices equipped with means of monitoring health, retraining of teachers and physicians of educational institutions.

Didactic means: the development of training courses, the creation of specialized hardware-software observation and health learning, designed to solve both educational and professional medical problems, etc.

Pedagogical agents: the creation of all the teachers is extremely interested in health care, personal participation in health events, permanent work with parents of students to engage them into a healthy lifestyle, strengthening extracurricular work with students in associations and physical education.

The main thing is that it is possible now, without investing significant funds, to begin practical work on the improvement of children in schools, young people in educational institutions of different forms - is needed mainly responsible understanding of the situation of the situation and the willingness to spend efforts to study and apply new funds.

The modern school should create favorable conditions for schoolchildren's training. The educational environment should be a healthy-saving and uniting both educational and extracurricular activities of students, family and educational institution. It is necessary to improve the process of preparation and retraining of pedagogical personnel, to form their willingness to work in conditions of personal-oriented learning. One of the tasks of Russian pedagogy, as well as the general public is to strengthen the propaganda of the idea of \u200b\u200bpreserving and promoting the health of children, which should become a national idea and unite all sectors of society.

Having tried to figure it out in this topic, I had even more questions about this. On the topic "Health and Education" you can argue indefinitely. For example, under sanitary requirements, there should be no dense curtains in the classroom, i.e. Nothing should not be. And what about the comfort, which is talking about as follows: "School - the second house! Children must be happy to go to school (and not only because they give knowledge there)! They should feel at home! " ???

Why, when the problem of health and education is already said so much, nothing is undertaken to improve the situation? Heads of educational institutions omitted eyes to the floor, recognizing the rightness of such judgments, and continue the "Nothelanian" (this does not apply to those few directors who really seek improving schoolchildren's health indicators).

Bibliography.

Modern technologies of recovery of children and adolescents in educational institutions: benefits for doctors. / Sost. V.R. Kuchma, L.M. Sukhareva and Dr.-m., 2002

Hygienic assessment of schoolchildren's training conditions / COST: N.V. Anisimov, E.A. Karasvili. - M.: TC Sphere, 2002.

A. Bobyar. Take care of your back. // Modernization: Step into the future: Appendix to the teacher newspaper. - Issue No. 2, p.17

D.Davidenko, V.Petlenko and others. Basics of a healthy image // "Obzh" № 3, p.56

O.Dmitriev. In schedule - relaxation lessons // Modernization: Step into the future: Appendix to the teacher newspaper. - Issue No. 2, p.34

D.Gorov. Oily deuce equivalent to heart attack // Modernization: step into the future: Appendix to the teacher newspaper. - Issue No. 2, p.15

T.Maslikova. In a state of cealing // Modernization: Step into the future: Annex to the teacher newspaper. - Issue No. 2, p.15

V.Murashev. Double Standards School Schedule. // AIF. Health. - № 3, 2003

M. Bezerukov. Children's health and school risk factors. - www.ruscenter.ru.

N. Nikolaev. The content and technology of school learning and the health of students. - www.ruscenter.ru.

www.breath / education.htm.

Attachment 1.

Table 1. Optimal limits and permissible temperature limits for classrooms.

Season	Optimal parameters T, ºС	Permissible limits T, ºС

Table 2. Duration of end-to-end processing of training premises depending on the temperature of the outer air.

Outdoor temperature, ºС	Time of ventilation (min.)
	in small changes	in big changes
from +10 to +6
from -5 to -10

Table 3. Dimensions of furniture and its marking on the Ghosts "Student Tables" and "Student Chairs".

Rooms of furniture on Gostam 11015-93 and 11016-93	Growth Group (in mm)	Height above the floor cover of the edge of the table facing a student, according to GOST 11015-93 (in mm)	Marking color	Height above the floor of the front edge of the seat according to GOST 11016-93 (in mm)
			Orange
			Purple

Table 4. Examples of plants absorbing chemicals.

Formaldehyde	nefrolypto, Daisy, Drazena, Hamedorius, Ficus Benjamine, Ivy, Spatilleum, Sheffler, Diffenbahia, Chlorophytum, Philodendron, Pecheromia
Xylene and toluene	diffenbachia, Nephrolepp, Anthurium, Ficus Benjamine
	anthurium, Chrysanthemum Kustovaya, Maranth, Ficus Benjamine, Drazena, Azalea
Benzole and trichloroethylene	gerbera, Chrysanthemums, Chlorophytum
Heavy metals	chlorophytum, Mirt Ordinary, Rosemary, Aglonhem, Asparagus Shprenger, Hibiscus
Carbon monoxide

Table 5. Vertd of some plants

Plant name
Ficus, Fikaya	At night absorbs a large amount of oxygen
Aloe, Kalanchoe	There are many contraindications for use
Oleander, Diffenbahia	Juice Jadovit
Primulus inverse blood	on thin hairs of sheets and stems there are allocations, when contacting with which redness and irritation of the skin may occur
Plants of the family of the Rochetical (Much Fine, milf Mile, Codium Motley, Acalifa)
Parenic Plants (Brownal, Brunfercia, Podpick Pepper)	Berries are dangerous for children seeking them to taste
Plants of the Kurtie family (oleander, Allamanda, Caries, Cataranstus, Demitting or Mandevil, Pahipodium)

Students		Calorie
Boys

Table 7. Ranking of school subjects depending on their complexity

	Number of points
Mathematics, Russian (for national educational institutions)
Foreign language
Physics chemistry
Native language, literature
Natural science, geography
Physical Education
Drawing
Painting

Table 8. New items and profile disciplines.

Items	Number of points
Computer science
Astronomy
Soclishment
Biology
Choreography

Appendix 2.

Exercises for preventing impairment of vision.

Exercise 1. ("Label on the glass"). Option I. The involuntary becomes at the window at a distance of 30-35 cm from the window glass. On this glass, at the level of his eye, a round label with a diameter of 3-5mm is attached. Away on the line of the gaze, passing through this label, the training is outlined by any subject for fixing, then alternately translates the look at the label on the glass, then on the subject. The duration of the exercise is 2-3min. Option II. Also, but the student performs this exercise sitting in its place. The diameter of the "Tags" - 2-3cm.

Exercise 2. Sitting running. Head is stationary. Raise your eyes up, make them a fuggest movement clockwise, make a circular motion counterclockwise. Repeat 5-6 times.

Exercise 3. Sitting running. Eyes perform motion along the sign "Infinity". Head is stationary. Duration of exercise 2-3min.

Exercise 4. Sitting is running. In the corners of the front wall of the class are inflatable balls. Head is stationary. Translate a look from one bowl to another. Repeat 8-10 times.

Exercise 5. Standing. Watch the distance right in front of yourself 2-3s. Put an index finger on the middle line of the face at a distance of 15-30cm from the eyes, translate a look at the nail and look at it for 3-5 seconds, lower your hand. Repeat 10 times.

Exercise 6. Performing standing. Head is stationary. Having a semi-bent right hand to the side, slowly move the index finger of the semitched hand to the right to left and follow him with the eyes, slowly move the finger from left to right and watch him eyes. Repeat 10 times.

Exercise 7. Sitting is running. Watch the distance right in front of yourself 2-3 seconds, translate a look at the tip of the nose for 3-5 seconds. Repeat 5-6 times.

Exercise 8. Performing standing. Head is stationary. Raise your eyes up, lower their book, turn your eyes to the right, then left. Repeat5-6 times.

Exercise 9. Sitting, with closed eyelids. Head is stationary. View up, down, left, right. Repeat 10 times.

Exercise 10. Sitting is running. Three fingers are easy and gently pressing the top eyelid eyes, after 1-2 seconds. Remove your fingers since the eyelids. Repeat 2-3 times.

Exercise 11. Strong your eyes dramatically, open wide. Repeat 5-10 times.

Exercise 12. I.P. - Sitting. Quickly blink for 1 second. Promotes improved blood circulation.

Exercise 13. I.P. - Standing. Put your hand forward, look at the end of the finger of the elongated hand, located in the middle line of the face, slowly cling to the finger, without taking the eye from it until the finger starts bother. Repeat 6-8 times. Exercise facilitates visual work at close range.

Exercise 14. I.P. - Sitting. Close eyelids, massage them with the help of circular movements of the finger. Repeat for 1min. Exercise relaxes muscles and improves blood circulation.

Exercise 15. I.P. - Standing. Put your finger right hand over the middle line of the face at a distance of 25-30cm from the eye, watching two eyes on the end of the finger 3-5ps., Cover the left hand with a palm left eye for 3-5ps., Remove your palm, watching two eyes on the end of the finger 3- 5 sec., Put a finger of the left hand in the middle line of the face at a distance of 25-30cm from the eye, to watch both eyes on the end of the finger 3-5ps., Cover the right hand with a palm right eye for 3-5ps., Remove the palm, watch with two eyes on The end of the finger is 3-5ps. Repeat 5-6 times. Exercise strengthens the muscles of both eyes (binocular vision).

Exercise 16. I.P. - Sitting. Indexing fingers to fix the skin of the abnormal arc. Slowly cover your eyes. Fingers, holding the skin of the abnormal arcs, have resistance to the muscle. Repeat 8-10 times.

Complex exercise gymnastics for the eyes.

1. Quickly frog, close your eyes and sit calmly, slowly counting to 5. Repeat 4-5 times.

3. Pull the right hand forward. Follow the eyes without turning the heads, behind the slow movements of the index finger of the elongated hand left and right, up and down. Repeat 4-5 times.

4. View the index finger of an elongated hand to account 1-4, then transfer the gaze into account 1-6. Repeat 4-5 times.

5. In an average pace, to do 3-4 circular movements with their eyes on the right side, as much on the left side. Relaxing the eye muscles, to look into the distance to the account 1-6. Repeat 1-2 times.

Exercises in order to prevent the appearance of myopia and its progression.

1. Source position (I.P.) - Sitting. Firmly clog eyes for 3-5ps. And then open your eyes for 3-5 seconds. Repeat 6-8 times. The exercise strengthens the muscles of the eyelids, contributes to improved blood circulation and relaxing eye muscles.

2. I.P. - Sitting. Quickly blink for 1 second. Promotes improved blood circulation.

3. I.P. - Standing. Watch directly in front of yourself 2-3s., Put a finger of the right hand in the middle line of the face at a distance of 25-30cm from the eyes, translate the look at the end of the finger and look at it for 3-5 seconds, omit. Repeat 10-12 times. Exercise reduces fatigue, facilitates visual work at close range.

4. I.P. - Standing. Put your hand forward, look at the end of the finger of the elongated hand, located in the middle line of the face, slowly cling to the finger, without taking the eye from it until the finger starts bother. Repeat 6-8 times. Exercise facilitates visual work at close range.

5. I.P. - Sitting. Close eyelids, massage them with the help of circular movements of the finger. Repeat for 1min. Exercise relaxes muscles and improves blood circulation.

6. I.P. - Standing. Put your finger right hand over the middle line of the face at a distance of 25-30cm from the eye, watching two eyes on the end of the finger 3-5ps., Cover the left hand with a palm left eye for 3-5ps., Remove your palm, watching two eyes on the end of the finger 3- 5 sec., Put a finger of the left hand in the middle line of the face at a distance of 25-30cm from the eye, to watch both eyes on the end of the finger 3-5ps., Cover the right hand with a palm right eye for 3-5ps., Remove the palm, watch with two eyes on The end of the finger is 3-5ps. Repeat 5-6 times. Exercise strengthens the muscles of both eyes (binocular vision).

7. I.P. - Standing. Help your hand to the right side, slowly move the half-bent finger to the right left and with a fixed head to watch the eyes after your finger, slowly move the finger of the semitched hand from left to right and with a fixed head watching her finger. Repeat 10-12 times. Exercise strengthens the muscles of the horizontal effect and improves their coordination.

8. I.P. - Sitting. Three fingers of each hand easy to click on the upper eyelid, after 1-2 seconds. Remove your fingers since the eyelids. Repeat 3-4 times. Exercise improves the circulation of intraocular fluid.

9. I.P. - Sitting. Indexing fingers to fix the skin of the abnormal arc. Slowly cover your eyes. Fingers, holding the skin of the abnormal arcs, have resistance to the muscle. Repeat 8-10 times.

10. I. p. - Sitting. II, III and IV fingers of the hand to position so that 11 finger is in the outer angle of the eye, III - in the middle of the upper edge of the orbit, and the IV-inner corner of the eye. Slowly cover your eyes. Fingers have a small resistance to this movement. Repeat 8-10 times.

Appendix 3.

Approximate set of exercises for preventing posture disorders

Recitative	Exercises
We start training! Come on to workout!	Building. Team: "Become!"
In the way we will go back, Will not forget about posture.	Self-control. Let's install.
We checked posture And brought the blades. We are like socks, We go on the heels.	a) ordinary; b) on socks, hands up; c) on the heels, hands behind the head.
All in the back of the back On the socks raised, On the bench went And the arms switched.	Walking on a bench, hands on the parties.
High raising her knees All walk like deer.	Walking with a high knee lifting, hands on the belt.
Quickly stepping Watch do not yawa One two Three	Conventional walking in a fast pace.
Hands to the sides, bent, Up raised, plowed, Hid behind their back. Looked through the left shoulder, Through the right yet. Everyone sat down, Heel thighs.	I.P. - lying on the stomach: 1 - hands on the sides; 2 - Hands to shoulders; 3 - hands up, mad; 4 - hands behind the back; 5 - view through the left shoulder; 6 - look through the right shoulder; 7 - seed on heels in the stop; 8 - Sed on the heels, hands through the sides back and down, reach the heels, shoulders deploy
Hands up raising time, A friendly mosquito.	I.P.- Lying on the stomach: 1 - hands up, raise your head; 2 - cotton in palm; Roll on the back.
Inhale deep, exhale full, Frained in the sea waves.	I.P. - lying on the stomach: 1 - 2 - hands through the sides - inhale; 3 -4 - hands down - exhalation; Roll on the stomach.
We are friends together Through the river sailing Style - "Bronss". That's how great! Here is a class!	I.P. - Lying on the stomach: movements with hands, imitating the style of "breeding" in swimming.
On a steep edge Hands up raising, Times, two, three dying, At the expense of times, two, three - we sweat.	I.P. - lying on the stomach: 1- Hands up; self-drawing; Roots to the sides.
We are beautifully sunbathe! Above the legs raise! Keep, keep ... straggle, Torn! Low! Legs are not tense And they are relaxed.	I.P. - lying on the stomach: 1- lift the left foot; 2- raise the right leg; 3 - 4 - both legs keep; 5 - 6 - both legs omit (can be alternately); 7 - 8 - relax.
Like a boat boat On the waves runs. Kach, kach, kach, How arrows flying Kach, kach, kach.	I.P. - lying on the stomach: hands up, brushes in the castle; ride forward; Exercise "Boat".
I'm striking and soon Because I am a boxer.	I.P. - Lying on the stomach, hands in the stop: imitation of the movement of hands, as in boxing.
Tense flew away And relaxed the whole body.	Exercises for relaxation, breathing.
Stepped the wings of the plane, Prepared for takeoff Shoved all, thugged, Over the earth flew. An hour flew and two flew, Finally flew.	I.P. - Lying on the stomach: lift your head, torso, hands on the parties and keep on account 1 - 3; Heat on heels, hands in the stop, back round, self-drawing.
We will rest a little Relax, let's start again.	Breath exercises and relaxation.
And boys and girls Heads raised up! Above, all above, up-up! Lowered them back And relax, nice! Neck is not tense And spin relaxed.	I.P. - lying on the stomach: 1 - lift head: 2- lift your head and torso; 3 - 4 -A.P. Relax.
Strongly pull And turn on the back.	Selfism. Roll to the left in I.P. - Lying on the back.
Cilia are lowered Eye closes. We are calmly resting. Sleep magic fall asleep. Hands, feet rest. Neck is not tense And Russe-A-Ble-on. Lips slightly open Everyone is calmly relax. It breathes easily, smoothly, deeply.	I.P. - Lying on the back: an exercise on relaxation, accompanied by calm, melodic music.
Became a deck to download - Foot to the deck cluster! Fasten the leg pressed! And the other is relaxing!	I.P. - lying on the back, hands along the body: 1- 2 - bend to the left leg, clasping hands; 3 - 4 I.P.
We will raise your feet Raise and lower.	I.P. - lying on the back, hands along the body: 1 - lift left leg; 2 - IP; 3 - 4 - the same right.
Tick-so, tick-like Do this, do this.	Exercise "Scissors". Cross movements with legs (you can add and move your hands).
Our muscles are not tired - And even obedient steel! It becomes clear to us: Relaxing is pleasant.	Exercises for relaxation and breathing.
Here are my assistants They are how you want to turn.	I.P. - Lying on the back: moves with legs, imitating riding a bike (you can perform a variety of movements with your hands).
Hands are compressed in the lock, Ride like the girls. One two Three. One two Three.	I.P. - Focus crop: Drugates back. Self-massage muscles of the back.
The ray of the cat touched. The cat stretched sweetly.	Exercise "Nature"
Mouse walk on socks So that I did not hear them.	Walking on socks, hands on the belt.
And now, guys, Smoothly stepping. Watch do not yawning. One two Three,	Normal walking. Breathing exercises.
Hang. We looked through Left shoulder Through the right yet. Rovenko stand Behind the Osanko follow.	Building: 1 - to look left; 2 - see right.
Well we did. Our muscles strained Strained, relax. And now we will say everyone: "Beauty is a guarantee of health! Exercise on health! "	Words children pronounce chorus. The occupation is over.

What ailments will wait for our chad behind the doors of the temples of knowledge, and how to prevent them? From school bench in the doctor's office

Unfortunately, chronic diseases are celebrated in 90% of Russian schoolchildren. Deviations in the health of the children of 7-17 years due to the fault of educational overloads, violations of the training conditions, power and stress mode are a generalizing definition of "school diseases". However, before treatment, it is better not to bring.

Eague for knowledge. Medical statistics indicate that the first enemy of high school students is to reduce vision. Most often, children's eyes suffer from myopia (myopia) when the child sees a bad distance. According to estimates, "Goggles for Dali" wearing every fifth student of junior classes and almost half of high school students. Less often children develop (when the eyes are poorly seen near), as well as astigmatism, is a specific reduction in view. Fertile soil for vision disorders - long-term visual work at close range: reading, letter, drawing, work per monitor.

Alas, schoolchildren rarely manage to prevent. However, it is possible to minimize damage. The best method of prevention of doctors consider the right organization of the workplace in the complex with proper training and recreation. Books and notebooks should be no closer than 30 cm from the eyes. A large role is distinguished by lighting. According to sanitary and hygienic requirements, each school class is obliged to have large windows. Ideally, if a child is sitting by the window when the natural light falls on the left, and in the dark, the room should be covered with fluorescent lamps. On change it is recommended to give the eyes of rest, and coming home, you can not rush to do lessons or watch TV. Best stroll.

In addition, parents must explain to children the use of eye muscles training with simple exercises:

* Several times clouded with strength, and then open your eyes.

* Rotate through your eyes first clockwise, and then counterclockwise.

* Focus vision on a remote subject, after which it is close to the eyes of the finger and focus the vision on it.

* Look up, down, left, right.

Charging for the eye muscles should be done regularly during the day, and when the child's complaints about eye fatigue, the feeling of cutting or sand in them should be contacted to an ophthalmologist.

Belly without sparing his ... The last All-Russian examination of schoolchildren showed that the studies of secondary schools are common diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, especially gastritis, - inflammation of the gastric mucosa with characteristic pain. Causes - Nutrition of the power mode, decrease in immunity and stress. Under the context of Russian schools, the meal schedule is often inconvenient. For example, younger schoolboy who should eat 4-5 times a day, a lunch is offered when he is still fed after breakfast. At the same time, by the end of the school day, the kid has time to get drunk again, but tolerates until arrived. The best gastritis prevention is the conscientious supply of your chad "pocket dinners": apples, cottages, yogurt, low-calorie sandwiches, - and then the stomach will have enough strength to wait for a full meal on the mother's kitchen.

Backstab. Violation of posture is the consequence of a long-term seating at the desk at 8 out of 10 schoolchildren. To make sure it is enough to look at the children in the school corridor: almost everything is stolen, the blades stick out, the shoulders are omitted. The causes of the slope are understandable: the students do not follow the right landing at the desk, and the teachers do not have time to take them off. The usual harness is fixed by a heavy wounder behind the shoulders and fatigue of gentle muscles of children's backs. Result Heat: With a strong deviation of the thoracic spine back, doctors can diagnose kyphos ("hump"), and when curvatting a sidelines - scoliosis. The child gets faster and feels the tension in the back and lower back. That this does not happen, you need to properly pick up the schoolchildren, and it should be worn on both shoulders and do not overload with textbooks. At the desk you need to sit directly, not having fallen on it, and the school administration should ensure that the furniture fit the growth of children.

As an individual prophylaxis, good exercises with a gymnastic stick, which should be squeezed by hand to the back in the field of blades and do exercises:

* Walking on the room on socks, heels internal and outer surfaces stop.

* Squats.
* Slopes to the right and left.
* Turns to the right and left.
* Tilt forward.

Effective exercises with cargo on the head. A small sac with sand is put on the topic, which needs to be held while walking around the room and squats.

Iron nerves. Do not think that "School is not a job, nothing to worry." Study is stress, and psychologists note that half of Russian schoolchildren suffer from various forms of neurosis. For nervous system disorders, anxiety, anxiety, tensions and restless sleep are characterized. Causes: Large loads, inconsistency with academic requirements and chronic lack of sleep. Easy neurosis is important to notice "in the embryo", - while he does not convey into serious mental disorders. You should be tactical with the child, listen to its problems, do not overload, not exaggerate the significance of school ratings. Create a comfortable emotional environment at home and follow the day of the day. You should not allow the student to "relax" to TelEkran for a long time or for computer games, especially before bedtime.

It is better to make efforts to captivate a child with some kind of sport, dancing, pick up with it such a hobby, which would allow to discourage stress, meet the need for communication, competition and will strengthen his health. And also appreciate and take care of the psychological peace of your Chad, and then he will leave the walls of the school with the luggage of knowledge, and not disease.

School diseases are deviations in children's health, age from 7 to 17 years old, provoked by educational overload, violation of the conditions of the educational process, power and stress. The most common diseases of the disciples are myopia, the curvature of the spine, gastritis and neurosis.

The body of children is still developing, so diseases progress faster than an adult. And at the first of their manifestation of a child, you should show a doctor.

Every year, children with school ailments are becoming more and more. Therefore, doctors strongly recommend parents more seriously treat the health of their children - a medical examination is held every year for prevention.

The student is much more than it should be. Therefore, doctors recommend regularly perform any exercise. Even daily charging will help prevent back disease and strengthen the body as a whole.

Medical examinations of schoolchildren clearly demonstrate a wide prevalence of scoliosis caused by a long-term seat per desk in an incorrect pose. So far, the changes are minor, they are little noticeable, but in progression of scoliosis there are severe pains in the back, restrictions when driving, and sometimes the need for surgical correction. Treatment of diseases of the musculoskeletal system requires a long time, forces and costs himself. It is much easier to regularly hold measures to prevent abnormal development, including curvature, spine and pelvic bones. First of all, the prevention includes the correct position with a straight back during a letter and reading, and to follow the pione, it is necessary not only in school, but also at home in the process of performing homework, while eating and other cases, which are customary sitting. An important health factor in this case is the correspondence of the dimensions of the furniture to the growth of the child. Save and strengthen the overall health and the state of the kostomuscular system of the child helps active exercise and mobile games.

8 out of 10 children have problems with their backs, namely, the curvature of the spine. The fault of such statistics is the wrong landing at the desktop and very heavy portfolios, due to which the back muscles get tired.

There are standards that determine the maximum weight of the disciples of different classes. So for schoolchildren of 1-3 classes, the backpack should weigh no more than 2 kg, for 4-5 classes - no more than 2.5 kg, for 6-7 classes - up to 3.5 kg and for high school students - no more than 4.5 kg. But in practice, the average sixth grader wears 4-5 kg, instead of the maximum 3.5 kg.

Another no less common school disease – myopia . Already in junior grades, children suffer to decay. According to ophthalmologists, each 5-6 student discharges glasses.

There are several reasons for such a sharp impairment of vision.

First of all, this overload in school. Children read a lot and write, their eyes are constantly tense. And at home is still waiting for homework, which goes not 2-3 hours, as it should be, and all 4-5. The child does not even have time to rest, which he needs.

Another factor is the lighting. As a rule, in schools it is bad, especially in bad weather. Ideally, the light should be natural and fall on the left. But not all students can sit near the window. Then it is recommended to include fluorescent lamps. But due to lack of finance, not all schools can afford it.

Reading and writing with weak lighting causes an additional stress of eye muscles and are factors provoking vision reduction.

The same results leads reading in the Lying position. Save vision helps gymnastics aimed at strengthening muscles controlling the movements of eyeballs. To maintain their tone, it is enough to regularly perform active movements from the side to the side, up and down, rotation in different directions. Workouts for lens are in the altered focus of the look at the closely located subject, then on the remote.

There are several exercises for the prevention that you need to perform several times a day.

Zhmurki.. Hurray the eyes strongly, count to three and open. Repeat 5-6 times.

Circles. Close your eyes and make circular movements. First clockwise, then counterclockwise. Make 5-6 circles.

Arrows. Move moves up, down, left, to the right diagonally. Then close your eyes and repeat. Each side should be done 3-4 times.

The distance between the eyes and book (notebook, monitor) was at least 30 cm.

3.Create impairment, children are also subject to diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (hereinafter the gastrointestinal tract). Statistics state that about 45% of students have problems with the gastrointestinal tract, especially gastritis (inflammation of the gastric mucosa). Passbands of the gastrointestinal tract arise due to the power disorders. Children are so busy that they have no time to eat. Harmful snacks on the go further exacerbate the situation.

Prevention of diseases of the digestive organs is a frequent regular diet of freshly cooked food. Categorically not recommended fast snacks, and even more so the use of chips and other foods and sweet carbonated drinks. Child needs rational food. This not only helps to avoid gastrointestinal diseases, but also increase immunity.

Almost 70% of schoolchildren obvious or hidden neurosis (Mental disorder) who are characterized by anxiety, troubled condition, poor sleep, sharp mood swings. Such a state causes loads inappropriate academic requirements. To protect the child from neurosis, first of all, it is necessary to enter its position and not terrorize cleaning, soaking dishes, etc. He is so trying to cope with everything, but for this he needs time. Provide a pleasant and calm atmosphere in which the student could feel safe and forget about all adversity.

Overwork It leads to the development of vegetative dysfunctions, to prevent which it is necessary to make a clear observance of the regime and recreation, systematic classes of physical culture and a movable lifestyle. In order to do not rush and do not fit yourself and the child in the morning, all cooking must be made in the evening so that in the morning to be able to calmly gather and feed the baby with breakfast. We should be interested in the success of the first grader from his very first school day, try to adequately evaluate his successes, that is, emphasize more attention not to the result, but for the efforts spent. If the baby is trying, he deserves special praise, if she is lazy, you need to cheer and inspire, and not to scold or punish. During the first school month, it is advisable to refuse to view with the child of all television programs. As a last resort, the compromise will be able to become an audio stack, which, by the way, teaches to perceive information on the rumor, thereby facilitating the learning process at school. And do not forget to walk with the baby, play with him, because it is still so small.

Try to talk to him, offer assistance. Children are important, although they do not speak about it.

So that the schoolboy was healthy, he should:

- eat right;

- do sport;

- to make the prevention of the most common diseases

- Provide a relaxed atmosphere.

If you do not keep your child in vacuum and do not invite teachers home for his trainingYou will have some way to give a child to school, where it is waiting for a lot of new things, including typical of any average schoolboy.

The most popular diseases do not change from year to year, most of them are characteristic of the students of the Middle and Elder School, but if he has learned the child with the rules of personal hygiene since childhood, to adjust the day of the day, given - many problems will be avoided. Add the hardening here, the sport, a favorable emotional atmosphere in the family - and you can practically do not worry: even if some kind of "infection" and gets clusted, she is not terrible to your child.

And yet, the enemy needs to know in the face:

: Various inflammatory diseases of the gastric mucosa, this is a disease change of power and stress, which is often marked by the school life of children. The symptoms of gastritis can vary greatly, but if the child has lost appetite, there are changes in the chair, irritable, pale, complains of general poor well-being - consult a doctor. In each case, the necessary treatment will be appointed, the overall recommendation is a gentle diet. " Violation of the power mode is the main cause of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. The child should eat three times a day, at least once in the knocks - a hot dish. If the child complained about pain in his stomach or nausea, refused food, or there were cases of digestive disorder - the development of dysbacteriosis, it is necessary to turn to a specialist"," Pediatrician Viktor Anatolyevich Kaminsky advises.

: The curvature of the spine, fast-driving and often occurring in children from 6 to 15 years. It is very indifferent to scoliosis in our country, and meanwhile the health of many internal organs depends on the state of the spine, not to mention the posture and gait. Causes of scoliosis: heavy backpacks, sedentary mode, lack of physical activity, disproportional child growth Height of tables and / or chairs, improper body position per desk. An inspection of an orthopedic surgeon is shown. Treatment: Preventive and healing gymnastics.

: Impact of view, in which a person does not see the items that are at some distance from him. Despite the fact that myopia is predominantly hereditary disease, more and more often it is the result of long-term visual work at close range. More than 15% of schoolchildren suffer from myopia, and in universities this percentage is already twice as high. Modern school practice, especially in junior classes, implies frequent transplantation of children for vision correction. At home, the child should be engaged in good lighting, not reading in the dark, it is worth limiting contact with a TV, a computer, even the frequent use of tablets and phones affects vision. For children of younger school, regular inspections of the ophthalmologist are not less than once a year.

ENT disease: "Fashionable" diseases, increasingly occurring among schoolchildren of different ages, laryngitis, sinusites, pharyngitis ... Most of these diseases are developing against overheating or supercooling a child. If there are changes in behavior, sore throat, passing, ridicule, bad appetite must be consulted. For diagnosis and treatment requires a consultation of a otolaryngologist.

: The range of these diseases begins with standard children's "rubella" and ending with the influenza of all the masters. With any viral disease, it is extremely important in time to see a doctor, isolate a child and wait for his full recovery before returning back to the team.

« Stress There is a non-specific response of the body on any demand presented to him, "Hans Selre, a famous Canadian endocrinologist. More correctly defining this state and you will not think up. And, despite the beliefs of some adults, school-age children are not at least exposed to him. Not one dissertation is written about the stressful state of children, we will give a list of materials that will help parents to understand this complex topic:

On the forum Website young mothers talk about: how to deal

Neurocirculatory (vegetary) dystonia - This is not a disease. Completed in our time and among children, among adults, the diagnosis of VDR is a complex of symptoms of various diseases. " Changing pressure, increased sensitivity or apathy, sleep disruption, irritability - all this symptoms of the VDC, the result of a decrease in the physical activity of children. The child moves less, salts deposition and pinching of certain nerves occur, there are disorders in the operation of the musculoskeletal system, blood circulation, and, as a result, in the work of the nervous system. It is necessary to reduce the time held by the child in a sitting position, in front of the book, at a computer or TV. It is important to alternate the periods of study and games, physical activity, more in the fresh air, run, jump, etc.. ", - Commented on the pediatrician.

10.12.2010

Often, along with the luggage knowledge, the child makes a plump medical card from school.

Of course, it is impossible to discount heredity, lifestyle, quality of medical care and ecology. But at the same time, the share of school factors, according to the Ministry of Health of Russia, accounts for 25% of the total reasons for the deterioration of children's health.

The most common "school" diseases:

1. Neurosis. The main role in their appearance plays stress. It can be both problems with adaptation to school and the overall fatigue of the child. According to the Ministry of Education, over the past 60 years, the monthly learning load increased by 100%. According to sanitary and hygienic standards, homework must be given to the child so that he can fulfill them for a certain time. In grade 1 (from the second half of the year) - up to 1 h, in 2nd - to 1.5 hours, at 3 - 4 - to 2 hours, at 5 - 6th - to 2.5 hours ., In the 7th - 8th to 3 hours, in the 9th - 11th to 4 h. (Sanpin 2.4.2.1178-02, p. 2.9.19). A large load gives the parent right to complain about the school administration.

But after all, a rare schoolboy is now engaged only by lessons: there are also loads in a music school, or in a drawing studio, or a foreign circle. And the child's schedule is not located for a simple daily walk ...

1. ENT disease. Frequent colds in elementary school should not worry, especially if the child did not go to the kindergarten. As soon as the immunity of the child learn how to fight viruses and builds his defense, ORVI will become rare. However, if every cold is accompanied by "bonuses" - bronchitis, otitis, pneumonia, etc. , It is necessary to seriously analyze the reasons. You may soon send a recovered child to school. After all, after a disease, gentle recovery mode, walks, healthy sleep. School stress plays a latter role in frequent colds.

2. Myopia. Very often in the class and houses dim lighting, the child does not have time to do lessons in the daylight, for a long time sits, loosen over textbooks. And for good marks is also rewarded with games on a computer or viewing animated series. Raise the question of lighting at the parent meeting, arrange a place to prepare the house, teach the child with gymnastics for the eyes. Also importantly, balanced nutrition and reception of vitamins.

3. Scoliosis or stuff. Very often develops from schoolchildren due to the inappropriate to grow furniture. Chair and table, which is engaged in a child, should be easily adjusted in height. In addition, many hours of occupations and preparation for them make children a larger. In this case, the change of short, and the physical education hours are reduced in most schools.

Try to inspire your child that a direct back and the right posture is beautiful. In addition, when the back is bent, the heart, light and other internal organs work worse, the body lacks oxygen, hemoglobin decreases, and, accordingly, general well-being. And take on board sports, morning exercises, exercises for posture. Here it is best, of course, a personal example of parents operates.

4. Gastritis and other diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Drinks on the run, eating dry, too large breaks in eating - these are the basic disadvantages of the organization of school food. The money "for breakfasts" schoolchildren or wen, or spend on chips, candy and cola.

To reduce the harm of such a nutrition, try to feed the child with a diverse and healthy food, let's with you useful snacks - fruits, sandwiches with vegetables, cheese, yogurt, nuts, dried fruits, etc. If the child often feeds on the catering - ask to save checks. So you can adjust its diet.

Of course, it is easiest to blame someone else in the child's diseases of the child - school or doctors. But think about: Will it be happy brilliantly formed, and at the same time an unhealthy person? Therefore, the prevention of school diseases start with their attitude to the study of the child. Arrange priorities.

Elena Andreeva

05/01/2010 Children's Orthodontics Very often, parents are asked if it is worth paying attention to the bite of dairy teeth, maybe it makes sense to wait until all the milk teeth replaced with permanent? The answer is unequivocal: to start doing the right bite is necessary from an early age as soon as you noticed the problem.