The largest countries for coal mining. Coal mining in the world by country, what place does Russia occupy? Formation of minerals

Coal is a fuel mineral fossil, which is now used in almost all countries of the world. When combustion of energy, a very large amount of heat is formed, and this process lasts a very long time. It is used in production (metallurgy, forging, chimeproms), industrial factories, agriculture and as a home alternative fuel source. Today, obtaining this fossil is carried out by shaft, and in rare cases, career way. But who ranks first in coal mining and establishes world rules in the mining industry?

The raw material lies in the thicker of the earth, its deposits are often large. Fuel fossil more millions years ago, when a huge number of plants were under the thickness of the breed, and the rotation process was without oxygen, under high pressure.

It is now used 3 ways to develop mineral deposits:

  • Shaft;
  • Hydraulic;
  • Career.

Most countries that are engaged in the development of coal deposits combine these methods to increase the processing speed. One of the most modern is hydraulic. Water acts as lifting force, which significantly reduces the need for human resources, which is convenient in hard-to-reach mines that are not only dangerous to workers, but also cause huge harm to the environment.

World leaders of the mining industry

Now coal mining in the world is being done rapidly, given the availability of modern technology and innovative developments. The championship in the list is influenced by several factors:

  • Use of equipment;
  • Deposit size;
  • Supply to the export market;

Fossil exportation is a very important strategy for many countries, so they make a profit, improving production and increasing production volumes.

Despite the fact that the deposit size is very important component in estimates, some countries compensate for its rapid and established production. So Australia, having enough small deposits, in comparison with Russia, produces fuel fossil several times more.

Countries of coal mining leaders in the world for 2018

Country The volume of mined fossil

In million tons

 World share Stocks

Billion tons

 Share of world stock
China 3523,2 55,98 114,5 12,84
India 716,5 11,38 60,6 6,8
USA 702,3 11,15 237 26,62
Australia 481,3 7,64 76,4 8,57
Indonesia 461 7,32 5,5
Russia 408,9 6,49 157 17,6

The first place for coal extraction in Europe is occupied by Germany, Russia, Poland and Ukraine. The largest swimming pools in this part of the planet are Ruruga (Germany), Verkhneysky (Poland) and Donetsk (Ukraine).

China

The country is a leader in coal mining in the world, as well as anthracite. It provides China 69% of primary energy and 80% of electricity. This is a relatively large amount of raw materials, but its use is disturbing scientists. The burning of coal, according to ecologists, makes a tangible contribution to the overall global warming of the Earth, which, in turn, provokes dangerous and unpredictable climate change.

Most of China coal comes from Shaanxi provinces, Shanxi, inner Mongolia and Hebei. The entire province of Shanxi is similar to a giant coal layer, in Central China once it was the main source of fossil for power plants. Recent problems with the production and safety of workers led to the fact that the government began using larger coal deposits in Inner Mongolia.

The Chinese government wants to replace this fuel to oil, natural gas and hydroelectric power plants primarily for air purification. Despite this, the demand for it continues to increase as the economy grows. The operation introduced 60 new coal power plants every year. China's goal is to get energy independence from other countries, refusing the purchase of fuel from outside. Now thanks to him, the country is 90% self-sufficient in the issue of energy.

The coal industry is important for workers who are engaged in prey, raw material processing. About 3 million people are employed here, there are 30,000 legal mines, and the industry is rapidly developing. At 17,000 or so small mines there are a third mining of fossil in China.

There are several thousand illegal mines that sell raw materials in the black market and take it abroad. A campaign to prevent similar fraud is deployed in the country, but they failed to completely eradicate the loot.

India

Coal mining In 2017, the United States was inferior in this country, but now the situation has changed somewhat. Most raw materials is located in the village of Jaria, Jarchand. This place is called blood pressure on Earth, coal layers are sometimes self-proposal, the air is filled with smoke, soot and poisonous evaporation. People mining coal are doomed to work in serious production, without the right to choose.

The black market is thriving in the country. Thousands of illegal mines and quarries are developing deposits, selling raw materials even abroad. According to the end of 2018, the country of coal mining takes 2 place in the world. There are information that ways to produce fossil in India mines are the most outdoor. Workforce is very cheap, people have no alternative, so they work here. Even children are engaged in the fields, they will spin into narrow cracks in mines, carry goods.

In 2015, the country put a goal, become a leader in world coal mining, developing 1 billion tons of raw materials. But at the beginning of the next year they refused this program. Caused by steel:

  • Lack of investment in the coal industry;
  • Difficulties in the transportation of raw materials;
  • Poor quality.

The ecological situation of the country is worried not only by its authorities, but also the whole world, because the mining industry of this area is considered to be the most dirty worldwide. Now in Jarkhand, more than 90 thousand people work in the fields, but the salary does not exceed $ 5 per day.

USA

Coal mining in the United States is conducted in 33 states leading from which is Wyoming. The United States has the greatest reserve of this fuel fossil in the world. Raw materials are used to produce electricity to the ts, heating industrial premises, agriculture and at metallurgical enterprises. It began to be used in the 17th century for the heating of the premises. It was used to get energy only in 200 years. It was also used as fuel for steamers, iron production and steel.

Coal mining in America in 2017 provided almost all the needs of the country. The industry gave the work of 621 thousand people, and is one of the leading industries in the United States.

Australia

In comparison with predecessors, this is a small country, but despite this, she ranked 4th in coal mining, and has already managed to establish its world records. Here are new technologies that can facilitate the operation of miners and make industry less dangerous to the environment. The system "volcano" was developed, which allows to obtain fossil with water under pressure.

The leader in coal production in the world is the Australian-British company BHP Billiton. According to the latest data from the country's deposit, it can provide its energy needs for 200 years. But taking into account the danger of production for ecology, the country is trying to replace it with alternative sources.

The most promising mines in the new South Wales:

  • Collinsville;
  • Blair-Atol, Bluff;
  • Baralaba;
  • Mouura Kianta;
  • Newcastle;
  • Litto.

In 2018, an alliance was created at the UN Summit, which entered 20 countries, including Australia. They concluded a Powering Past Coal agreement, the main task of which is the exception from the energy of the use of coal until 2030.

Indonesia

The country reached the championship recently. Despite the relatively small number of coal reserves, it takes 5 place in coal mining. Now the most promising are 11 fields located on the islands of Kalimantan, Sumatra, Sulawesi, Java. 75% of the total fossil fuel found Indonesia falls on Kalimantan. It is valued and its quality. Now it dominates the Asian market, the fossil is exported to Japan, India, Taiwan. But according to scientists forecasts, the amount of high-quality raw materials will soon be reduced by 60%, and the country will lose its main advantage.

Most of the raw material is a stone coal - 67%, but anthracite, which is most valued in the world - only 0.4%. Due to the growth of the internal needs of Indonesia, the country will reduce exports by sending all the forces on the development of its own energy.

Russia

Despite the fact that the country leads in terms of the number of fuel fossil deposits, it takes Russia for coal mining 6th place. A large number of stone, brown coal and anthracite is produced here. There are 200 deposits in the territory, but most of them are medium in size. The most important is the Kuznetsky coal pool, supplied to 70 thousand square kilometers. Almost half of all raw materials in the Russian Federation is produced here. A swimming pool is developed in two ways: career, when running 300 meters, mine - 600 or more meters. The deepest mine depth to 2025 meters.

The highest quality is obtained at the Kuzbass field, but its geographical position is very unprofitable, given the complexity of transportation and production. It is located in Kemerovo, which is far enough from industrial centers, where raw materials are used. Kotlovan is located between mountains, export coal is very difficult due to relief.

World coal industry as a whole

It is impossible to underestimate the importance of the mining industry. The countries of the leaders presented in the article provide 80% of world needs in this fuel. Every year this industry is developing more and more and more, the amount of coal production grows several times. It is used at metallurgical enterprises, for the production of cast iron, steel, in blacksmiths. He plays a special role in the energy sector, because most of the thermal enterprises work on the principle of coal burning.

The industry has been significantly transformed, but if in Australia, a large emphasis is on technical equipment, then in India - on a cheap human force.

Now the situation with the mining industry is controversial. Many fields of raw materials with a high percentage of "fatness" are dried or in an inaccessible, in terms of transportation, terrain. Geologists and environmentalists are alarming, because such mining activities are accompanied by explosions that can disrupt the integrity of the earth's crust. In the production of coke is often burned, and large carbon dioxide emissions lead to the greenhouse effect. Areas in which excavation and drilling are conducted belong to the most unfavorable on the part of the environmental situation. More dust, poisonous air - lead to the resettlement of residents in cleaner areas.

Given the negative effect of the coal industry on the environment, many countries decided to abandon this type of fuel, and switch to ecological sources of energy - solar, wind power engineering.

Coal mining in Russia is conducted in many points of the country. Coal mining regions are different - from the Komi Republic to Primorsky Krai.

In which regions do more coal mining?

Kemerovo Region.

One of the sections of the company "SDS-coal"

Coal reserves in the region: 635 billion T. (Common stocks).

Key Companies: Kuzbasszrezugol, South Kuzbass, SUEK-Kuzbass, "SDS-Coal", "Raspadskaya", "North Kuzbass", "Yuzhkuzbassugol".

It was mined for 2018: 255.3 million T..

Kemerovo region is the largest region of coal mining in Russia, it is here that 58% of the "black" fuels in the country are obtained, and about 66% of coal is obtained in an open way.

On the lands of Kuzbass, the Kuznetsky Coal Pool is located - the richest coal deposit in the world.

140 billion tons of coal are suitable from total reserves for extraction. Among the large coal cuts - Taldinsky, Mokhovsky, Bachatsky, Berezovsky.

In Kuzbass, 56% of stone coals are produced (stocks are 52.5 billion tons) and about 80% of valuable coking brands.

Coal, obtained in the Kuznetsk basin, is exported to 63 countries. The main importers are Netherlands, Turkey, as well as Japan and South Korea, who today are the largest consumers of Russian coal.

In general, Russia for the countries of the Asia-Pacific region has big plans. Read more - in our perspectives of the coal industry.

Krasnoyarsk region

Nazarovsky coal section. Photo: suek.ru.

Coal reserves in the region: about 638 billion T.(explored stocks) .

KEY companies: SUEK-Krasnoyarsk, Sibugol, "TD" Coal-Trading "," Krasnoyarskkrayugol ".

Mined for 9 months of 2018: 29.78 million tons.

Another major range of coal extraction - Krasnoyarsk Territory. In total, about 40% of the air-conditioned resources of the Russian Federation and about 25% of explored reserves.

Among them are 85% of stone coals - 85%, about 14% - brown and less than 1.4% - anthracite. In addition, the bowels of the Krasnoyarsk Territory contains the most coal deposits suitable for developing an open method (their share is 38%).

Coal deposits occupy in the Krasnoyarsk Territory of the territory with a total area of \u200b\u200b60 thousand km 2. They are located in Kansky-Achinsky, Taimyr, Tungusk, Minusinsky pools.

There are large coal cuts of Borodinsky, Berezovsky and Nazarovsky on their territory. Also, Abanskoye, Itatskoye, Barandatskoye, Uryupskoye deposits are also a great contribution.

Transbaikal region

Coal reserves in the region: 2.24 billion T.(Common stocks).

KEY companies: SUEK, "Tongai", "readugol", "Evara Kharanorsky", "URTUE" splitting department.

Mined for 11 months of 2018: 20 million tons

Coalous deposits occupy 10% of the territory of the Trans-Baikal Territory. Mostly in the region lies brown coal.

The largest deposits of the Trans-Baikal Territory are Argunskoye, Streltsovskoye, Jubilee, New Year, Antey, Chernovskoye.

Now there are only 1.2% of all reserves in Russia in the region, but the Trans-Baikal region occupies the upper position in coal mining.

About 60% of the beneficial mineral obtained goes to the needs of the local population, the rest is transported to the Primorsky and Khabarovsk region.

Yakutia

Asset "Mechel." Photo: Mechel.ru.

Coal reserves in the region: more 14 billion T. (Balance reserves).

Key companies: Yakutugol, Colmmar, Mechel, Eldagol

It was mined for 2018: 17.85 million T..

The deposits of coal of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) are dispersed immediately in four coal basins - South Yakut, Lensky and Zyryansky. Also, coalged territories affect part of the Tungus basin.

The largest in the region is the Neryungrin, Elginsky, Denisovskoye, Nadezhdinskoye, Kangalassian deposits. For the extraction of an open way, 66.5% of coal deposits from total balance reserves are suitable.

In Yakutia, the largest amount of coal occurs, compared to other regions of the Far Eastern Federal District.

Moreover, the share of the Republic accounts for about 35% of the coal mined in the East of Russia. But at the same time less than 7% of coal deposits are mastered.

Sakhalin Oblast

"Coal Sea Port Shakhtarsk"

Coal reserves in the region: 47.8 billion T. (resources).

Key companies: Eastern Mining Company, Sakhalinugol, "Uglegormskugol".

It was mined for 2018: 10.8 million T..

In the Sakhalin region, coal deposits are located directly on Sakhalin Island. In the region, 35% of all coal resources of our country are concentrated, in particular about 10% of balance reserves.

About 55.5% - the proportion of brown coal, for coking stamps, this indicator is 4.4%. For open development, 194 million tons of stone and brown coals are suitable.

In the region there are 4 main coalous areas - Uglegorsky, Central, South and Aleksandrovsky. The most coal is located at Solntsevskoye deposits, Lopatinsky, Uglegorskoye, Boschnikovskoye.

Sakhalin fields have a better location due to proximity to the Okhotsk and Japanese seas - the presence of a number of ports greatly simplifies coal transportation.

Komi Republic

Photo: Vorkutaugol.ru.

Coal reserves in the region: 242 billion T. (resources).

Key companies: Vorkutaugol, "Intaugol".

It was mined for 2018: 9.9 million T..

The Komi Republic is rich in resources of the Pechora coal basin - it ranks second in terms of deposits after Kuznetsky. Its territory includes 6 regions: Korotaichinsky, Intinsky, Sharjuno-Adzvinsky, Chalmer, Karasky and the most important - Vorkutinsky.

Among large deposits - Intinskoe, Vorgashorskoye, Vorkutskoe. Mining on sites is maintained by a mining way. The depth of the Vorkutsky mine is 900 m, Vorgashorsky - 350 m, Intinsky - 600 m.

On the territory of the Pechora basin, all types of coal are locked: in total reserves - 78% of coal, 19% - brown, 3% - anthracite. Almost half of the explored reserves (9 billion tons) make up coal coals.

Primorsky Krai

Photo: Primorskugol.ru.

Coal reserves in the region: 2.24 billion T. (Balance reserves).

Key companies: "Primorskugol", "Dalinvestugol".

It was mined for 2018: about 9 million T..

One tenth of the territory of the Primorsky Territory is occupied by coalous deposits. About 70% of coal reserves are suitable for opening open. However, 30% - lies in areas with complex hydrogeological conditions.

In the Primorsky Territory, coal lies in the plots of Podgorodnny, partisan and Razzolnensky coal pools. Key deposits - Bikinskoye, Artyomovskoye, Pavlovskoe, Shkyrovskoye, Partizanskoye, Razzolnenskoye, Verkhnekhinyfun.

Like the Sakhalin region, the Primorsky region has a winning position due to the ports built on the coast of the Japanese Sea.

Of course, this is not all coal mining regions in Russia. Also, minerals are also produced in the Rostov, Irkutsk regions, the Republic of Khakassia and other regions.

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Who mines most of all coal in the world? What technique for this is used? In which areas is coal used? What do cogillers do to save ecology? Answers to these and other questions - in the infographics of the company "Russian coal" in the group of Safar Mikhail Gutseriev.

Now 65% of all coal in the world is produced in an open way. This method is used when coal seams lie shallow. At coal cuts, the opening is first removed, and then the excavation and transportation of coal is made. For this, miners use different types of excavators, bulldozers, loaders, as well as cargo automobile and railway transport.

In total, in 2018, about 8013 million tons of coal were produced in the world. China with an indicator of 3,683 million tons became the leader in coal mining. In general, it was in the countries of the Asia-Pacific region that the largest growth rate of coal production is celebrated. For 28 years, it has increased by 247%.

Coal is used in many areas, but more often - as domestic or energy fuel. In comparison with 1990, coal consumption in the world in 2018 increased by 60%.

Common coal reserves in the world make up more than 1,054,782 million tons.

To reduce the negative impact on the environment during coal mining, the complex of events is being implemented. For example, the construction of wastewater treatment plants, the use of gas cleaning equipment, land reclamation, etc.

10

  • Coal reserves: 28 017 million tons
  • From global reserves: 3,14 %

The deposits of coal raw materials are concentrated on about. Sumatra (60%). There are also deposits on Kalimantane, Java and Sulawesi. The country has perspectives for the further development of the extractive industry. 86% (421 million tons), the resulting fuel is exported abroad. The republic climbed the first step in the list of global coal exporters.

9

  • Coal reserves: 30 156 million tons
  • From global reserves: 3,38 %

Coal layers are found throughout South Africa. Some pools are located in border with Zambia and Zimbabwe zones. Raw materials are almost equally mined by open and closed methods. For their own needs, the Republic produces coal energy stamps. The sharp need for them is caused by the predominance of TPPs in the country's power complex.

8

  • Coal reserves: 33 600 million tons
  • From global reserves: 3,77 %

All sectors of the coal industry were developed in the republic, which is due to the presence of powerful solid fuel layers (Ekibastuz, Karaganda, Turgay). The main disadvantage that reduces the value of Kazakh coal is its high ash content, which makes it impossible to transport to long distances. Raw materials are consumed in the domestic market.

7


  • Coal reserves: 33,873 million tons
  • From global reserves: 3,80 %

It has the most unstable position associated with the difficult military-political and socio-economic situation in the country. Donetsk pool (10-place in the world), with a reserve of 141 billion tons of coal, turned out to be divided into parts between Ukraine, DPR, LRC, RF. His development was carried out from the XIX century. Almost 1/3 of the mines stepped over a 100-year frontier. The country has become an importer of coal.

6


  • Coal reserves: 40,548 million tons
  • From global reserves: 4,55 %

The country is gradually deprived of its advantage among coal powers in the world. Despite the fact that the Ruhr pool on the 6th place in the reserves of fuel raw materials (287 billion tons), coal layers are located below 2 thousand meters. Therefore, their extraction is extremely expensive and unprofitable. In 2018, the closure of the 2nd mines is scheduled. Developing on them reached the depth of 1 thousand m.

5

  • Coal reserves: 60 600 million tons
  • From global reserves: 6,80 %

There are over 70 coal deposits with industrial importance in the country. They are concentrated in the north-east of the republic and are confined to the valleys of large rivers. The main thing is the Damuda pool. 85% of the resulting raw materials is spent on the needs of the energy. India has steadily entrenched in the "Troika" of solid fuel producers (649 million tons).

4


  • Coal reserves: 76 400 million tons
  • From global reserves: 8,57 %

The presence of rich resources allows you to develop production (463 million tons - 5th place in the world) and exports (332 million tons - 2nd place in the world) coal. On the continent, the maximum indicators were recorded in terms of the amount of coal per capita - 20.61 tons per year. The oldest mines function from the beginning of the XIX century in Newcastle. At the end of the XX century. Began the transition of the industry to the career type of development.

3 pp


  • Coal reserves: 114 500 million tons
  • From global reserves: 12,84 %

Coal is 90% of the energy of the country. It is characterized by a small content of sulfur, which makes it suitable for coking. The main developments are carried out by a mining way in the Shanxi basin. The country is the main combustible producer of coal (4.017 billion tons per year). Constantly growing rates of mining and consumption can lead to reserves for 70 years.

2


  • Coal reserves: 157 010 million tons
  • From global reserves: 17,61 %

The most significant fractions of coal are timed to the zone of permafrost, therefore are not suitable for development. The global scale giants of the Tungusky remain completely studied (1 place in the world - 2,299 trillion. T.) and Lensky (2nd place in the world - 1.647 trillion. T.) Pools. At the current level of production (314 million tons per year), Russia is provided with coal raw materials for about 500 years.

1

  • Coal reserves: 237 295 million tons
  • From global reserves: 26,62 %

For many years, the championship on confirmed reserves of coal of various types - brown and stone has been firmly held. The Illinoisky (365 billion tons - 5th place in the world) and Appalacian (284 billion tons - 7th place in the world) are coal pools. Given the scale of production (1.016 billion tons / year), resources should be enough for 300-350 years.

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