What subjects were in Athenian schools. "In Athenian schools and gymnasiums." As the story says

student 5 Class A Leonov Dmitry

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Athenian schools and gymnasiums.

Slaves-teachers up to seven years, boys from rich families, were not engaged in anything. He chased the hoop or the ball, sculpted different figures from wax. At seven years, the child was transferred to the teacher. He led the boy to school, his written accessories and musical instruments. And at home he taught a good manneram, do not put the leg to the leg, do not laugh loudly, when the elders appear to get up.

School lessons. 1.Pempography 2.The following 3.Count 4. Receive 5. The love of verses instilled in the school at school. Many were proud that they learned the "oriad" and "Odyssey" of Homer.

The reading of the textbooks was then not. They were replaced by poets poets. In the first place was, of course, the poems of Homer "Iliad" and "Odessa". Homer

Playing musical instruments Every boy learned to play on flute and kifare, sing. Music accompanied the Greeks throughout life. Athletes trained to the music, goplitis went into battle. Music sounded on holidays and in the theater.

A teacher at the Athenian school teacher always walked with a bull-tail bullish. A complaint of an irritable mother to the teacher for a sown's walk. "Ask him, the most respectable, where his teacher's house, where I have every thirtieth number I have to make money for him, he will not be able to answer you soon. Poor table, which I regularly rub on wax, lonely at the feet of his bed. He hates her wildly of death, and if he takes himself in his hands, then he will not write anything to nothing, but only the whole wax is in vain squeaks. Oh, as I scold myself for giving him good upbringing in the hope of finding himself a doctor on a black day ... And try to hit him as soon as possible, so he will take a roof and sits there as a monkey. And I'm not so much sorry for me how many tiles that crumble like sweet cookies. I, please, ask him such a spanking so that of him and the spirit of Won came out! "

Shalunov and lazy teacher punished. For this he had rigs and a stick. Papyrus has been preserved with the inscription: "Be ditched, a boy, so that you do not beat." Below this entry is repeated 4 times with a student. They say that one rich-gave to his lazy son 24 little slave. Their names began to all letters of the alphabet. So my father wanted to help his son learn a diploma.

In the big go there were wooden planks covered with wax. The sharp end of the copper wand could be scratched on them a few phrases, and then stupid ending written. This wand was called: "Style". "Turn the Style" meant the Greeks to wash the written and work out the beauty of the tongue than the educated people of that time were very loved to engage.

Visit to the pallet. From twelve years, the boys started attending another school, where they were engaged in gymnastics - a struggle, running, jumping, throwing a spear and disk. Such a school was called the PALE (from the word "pale" - a struggle). In good weather, they trained in an open-air in an extensive rectangular yard, and in bad weather, under the roof porticors surrounding this courtyard. Imagine the lesson of gymnastics in the Palestre. Boys train in the fight. Win the fight can someone who deplete and strong. Here, one of the wrestlers suddenly threw the opponent through his knee, he was recognized as defeated, if he touches the body of the earth three times. A strict teacher with a stick in hand is ready to hit any violating the rules of the competition. The next pair of fighters awaits his turn. They are abundantly pouring oil on the palm and brilliantly rub the skin to them. All train naked. After the lesson, Merry Gurboy will run away from the body joined dirt and sweat. With each pallet, there was a well, a fountain, and sometimes a bath.

Statues in the Palestre in the Palest stood the statues of athletes of the work of great Greek masters. The world famous disk thrower statue is known. Mironeo Creator, managed to pass the sense of movement in sculpture. It seems, after a moment, the athlete straightens and abandoned with a huge force disk will fly away. No less famous statue of the Polyklet's Spear Works. The sculptor shows how every young man should be: physically strong, beautiful, ready for a sense a citizen of his policy. Polyclet Miron.

Athenian gymnasiums Adult Athenians who want to continue gymnastics and replenish their knowledge, one of the three Athenian gymnasis visited old age. The city among green trees and the meadows were located gymnasium. They had vectors for athletes, swimming pools, recreation facilities and conversations. In the gymnasiums before numerous listeners were well-known scientists. They set out their views on the structure of the Universe, offered plans to create an exemplary state, which should be managed by highly educated people. In the gymnasium trained eloquence - the ability to defend their opinion when speaking at the People's Assembly and the courts. Ruin

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Form of the lesson:game "Travel to the past. Athens School. "

Type of lesson: Studying a new material.

Objectives:

Methodical:

1. promote the development of information culture;
2. continue to get acquainted with the capabilities of the computer in the lessons;
3. development of communicative skills of students in history lessons.

Educational:

• form the idea of \u200b\u200bthe essence of the educational process in an ancient Greek school, about its features, advantages and disadvantages;
• identify common features and distinguishing it from modern school;
• forming the ability to apply the knowledge gained on other subjects.

Developing:

• continue to work on the formation of comparison skills, the establishment of causal relationships, the presentation of one's own opinion, participation in the discussion, the development of logical thinking.

Educational:

• education of artistic taste, aesthetic culture;
• education of respect for teacher's work.

Equipment lesson:

• History of the ancient world Grade 5: Textbook for general education institutions. A.A. Moviezin, G.I. Goder, I.S. Svenzitskaya, - 18th ed. - m. ,: Enlightenment, 2011;
• presentation "in Athenian schools and gymnasiums";
• a computer;
• projector;
• "Blind card";
• plates with geographic names for "blind" cards:
• ancient Greek alphabet.

Lesson plan.

1. The organizational moment.

2. Land of the teacher.

3. Raising children in Athenian families.

4. In the lessons in the Greek school.

5. Visit the pallet.

6. In Athenian gymnasiums.

7. Fastening the knowledge gained.

8. Summing up.

9. Reflection.

1. Organizational moment.

Check the readiness of students to the lesson.

2. The entrance word of the teacher.

The topic of our lesson "in Athenian schools and gymnasiums." Slide 1.

Lesson plan. Slide 2.

Today we learn what the Athenian children were trained in schools, what items they studied, compare with training in modern schools. Cut the lesson unusual. Mentally transferred to the ancient Athens and imagine themselves as an ancient Greek pupils.

Setting the problem task.

The ancient Greek philosopher Aristipp wrote: "Children need to be learned that they would come in handy about them when they grow up."

Problems:

So, the journey begins.

Until seven years, children brought up in the family.

They played carelessly: rolled hoop, built houses from sand, boats ...

But from seven years the life of children changed. Girls began to train mothers skill to keep a household: sew, embroider, weave, playing musical instrument, sing, dancing, and if he knew how to read and write. The main thing for them is not to get an education, but become submissive wives and good mothers.

But the boy was selected from women and passed the teacher.

Greek teacher is not a teacher. Translated from Greek this word means "accompanying child."

Look at the ancient Greek statuette and suggest who could perform the duties of the teacher?

Listened to students' responses.

Yes, guys, you are right the role of the teacher carried out the slave.

What did the slave teacher looked like? (He old, grumbled, is not capable of performing other works). One of the famous Athenians, Pericles, somehow said about the servant, which broke his leg: "Here is another teacher more."

The slave - the teacher was accompanied to the boy's school and carried a bag with written accessories.

Teachers taught boys on behavioral rules . These rules keep you in Naddni.

How to behave at the table? (The opinions of the guys are listened. Do not take anything yourself. Sit directly, do not chat with my legs, do not rely on the chin on your hands. Bread must be taken with your left hand, Aostal food - right ...)

How to behave with adults? (You can not talk with adults first, if adults come to the room, then you need to get up ...)

Pedagogue Surov: Roga - its main arguments and the main method of upbringing. And from parents a boy often fell.

Early in the morning the teacher leads a boy to school . There were many schools in Greece, but they were private and had to pay for training. But, despite this, in V c. BC e. Among the Athenian was not illiterate. True, the poor studied not long.

What do you think? (Children from poor families needed to help parents like).

And "the sons of the rich goes to school before all and later stop visiting it."

We approached the school. Pedagogues, adults did not let go there. Lessons are starting.

Tikhonechko pass and sang.

See what a class differed in Greek school from a modern class? (In one room there are several lessons at the same time, there was no boards, a party, notebooks ...)

What subjects could study in the Athenian school? (letter, reading, game on musical instruments).

We fell to you on the lesson of the letter.

Lost Writing Accessories.

List, please, what did you get from your bags? (Skump, no wax, cane feather, style, inkwell.)

Before you, the Greek alphabet. Say, and with what writing you are already familiar?

(Egyptian hieroglyphs, Chinese, alphabet of the Phoenicians.)

What was the difficulty reading the Phoenician letters ? (No vowels).

Tell me what's new appeared in the Greek alphabet? (vowels).

Tell me, is there any letters of letters in the Greek alphabet?

What conclusion can be done from this? (The basis of the Russian alphabet is Greek.)

For exercise, boys wrote proper. In the Berlin Museum there is a plate, on which the teacher's hand is written: "Be ditched the boy so that you are not dragged." And the student's hand is repeated four times on the same skid.

Let's try to write the Word people Greek (Demos. Students often write the word people with Greek letters, and it is wrong . ) The work of students is estimated, and the first who wrote correctly writes this word on the board.

Teacher: Does any of you know about where his name came from and what does it mean? (If the guys find it difficult to answer, the teacher helps).

With the adoption of Christianity in Russia, we had children with Greek names on Christian customs.

Alexander- defender of people.

Andrey - man of courage

Kirill - Mr.

Dmitry - dedicated to Demeter.

Teacher: The lesson of the letter ended, and now geography lesson.

Before you Bust Eratosphen, whom the Greeks were made by the Father of Geography. We now check how well you know the map of ancient Greece. Come in turn on the board and attach one nameplate on the "blind" card.

The teacher evaluates the answers of the guys.

Well done, you coped well with the task, even some kind of punctured from a bullish tail, which was punished by naughty students, the rods. We have no information as the disciples of Greek schools were encouraged. Maybe the teacher praised a diligent student, and I said the Lodody: "Nevezhi is the most wild of creatures on Earth."

And we are already waiting at the lesson of mathematics. What do you think, why do I need these items? (pebbles, shells ...) The guys express assumptions (for the score). Well done, right. We need this to account. Pupils usually repeated the choir: "One yes one is two. Two yes two - four. " The teacher shows pebbles, and students must repeat the choir.

The great mathematician in Greece was Pythagoras. He prepared for us tasks. Let's decide on them. The first student who correctly fulfilled the task writes a solution on the board, and the rest check the correctness of the decision.

The teacher evaluates the results of students.

(If there is enough time, you can solve another task. To write 5 identical numbers by folding which can be obtained in the amount of obtaining 14. (11 + 1 + 1 + 1 \u003d 14)

Teacher: The next lesson is literature.

Which famous poets, Writers of Greece do you know? Name their works. (Pupils call the well-known writers, poets.)

Well done! The Greeks, many works memorized by heart: "Idia", "Odyssey" and were proud of it. Taught by the choir, repeating many times at the teacher. Tell me, please, about the poem of Homer "Iliad?" (Answer: About the Trojan War.) Why is it called "Iliad"? (Ancient name of the city of Troy "Ilion")

You called the names of Aristofan and Sophokla. Tell the tragedy "Antigone". Listen carefully to anyone can continue.

Then he retells the comedy of the Sophokla "Birds" (if time is enough, you can expressively read the poems of Sofokla and answer questions about the textbook page 181). Student responses are evaluated.

Who could write such lines:

"Mother is black, the earth is long-suffering,
With which I dropped the shameful poles,
Slave earlier, and now free,
Homeland in Athens, in our wonderful hail,
I returned many to the alien sold.
Released here on a sweet homeland
Slaves trembled before the will of the Lord. "
(Solon.)

(The teacher evaluates the correct answers).

Teacher: And now we will go to school located nearby - this is the Pestra. The boys started visiting her from 12 years. Classes pass outdoors, and spends them pedotrib. What do you see? (Fight, one boy lubricates the body with oil) Why do boys play sports? (in to ensure in the Olympic Games, to be strong, dextering, protect your homeland). Right. Since 18, Athenian boys have served in the army for 4 years.

What do you think, why did the statues of the athletes of the work of great sculptors installed in the pallet? And why are the athletes are depicted naked? (Sculptors showed how every young man should be: physically strong, beautiful. Ready for the exploits.)

Who will remember the names of the winners of the Olympic Games and tell about one of them? (Milon, polydam, Feogen. Evaluation of answers.)

Teacher: The Greeks believed that without love for music, dancing could not be a real man.

This is the following lesson. Heads of this art Kefarist. The boys played on Lira, Kefara, Flute, learned religious hymns.

And also studied dance. I ask you to get out, get a semicircle. The teacher with the guys joins several movements of the dance "Sirtaki". (the simplest 2-3 movements). Then the guys try to fulfill the learned movement to the music.

The teacher evaluates students.

By the age of 16, school training ended, but the young men could visit 1 of 3 gymnasys located outside the city. There they could do sports to listen to the lectures of great scientists, speakers,

learn eloquence - the ability to speak beautifully, philosophy.

Our journey came to an end. We return.

Fastening knowledge gained in class.

Before you text. Fill in the pass in it.

Answers are evaluated by the teacher.

Try answering the questions of the problem task.

- What is the difference between the Athenian school from the modern school?

Why is the education in Greece considered the best in the ancient world?

How did the knowledge gained in school help Greek citizens in life?

Output: In Greece schools, boys brought up comprehensively educated people, so that they could manage the state, as well as strong, clever, brave to protect their homeland.

Fastening concepts.

Homework.

• Write a small essay on the topic: "I'm in the studies in the Palestre."
• Prepare the speech of the speaker on the topic: "Why do children need to be learned that they come in handy in life."
• Concepts - by heart.

Installing estimates for work in the lesson.

Slide 27.

Slide 28.

Well done !!! Thank you for the lesson.

Let the format of the unified state examination of the ancient Greek teachers and students were not familiar, but contemporaries, in relation to the scope of training in various sciences, enjoy the names of the familiar Greks. This is from the country of Olive in Russian, and other languages \u200b\u200bcame the concepts of "School", "Gymnasium", "Lyceum", "Academy", "University".

Ancient Greece and, in particular, Athens is not only the cradle of architecture, but also the foundation of the European civilization. Greek thinkers focused on the territory of their country's knowledge brought from different states. This is a small Asia, Egypt, Byzantium. And in the subsequent Greek sciences, developed and multiplied, became the basic knowledge of everything for the same neighboring countries, with a kind of culture and traditions.

Greek thinkers have collected in a special way and systematized knowledge, conducted a variety of studies.

Greek education

Already in the time of antiquity, the ancient Greeks thought about the formation of the younger generation. And at all times, the Greeks sought to give children not only knowledge, but also to raise decent, intellectual, healthy, developed physically and morally representatives of society. Not only the beauty of the body was valued, but more the mind, honor and conscience.

There were practically no illiterate people in Greece. This is evidenced by historical sources dated by another 5 century BC. However, initially learning went to the house, but later schools, gymnasiums were created later.

The formation of the Greeks began to receive at the age of 7 years. Until this time, the child was in the care of Mom, he also had a crumline. From school bench, a father and a slave teacher went to the fore. It was slaves that were teachers. Literally translated from the Greek word "teacher" means "accompanying". The slave, close to the young schoolboy, not only accompanied him to school, but also watched decent education.

In the same school, each of the children had at least 3 teachers:

• Grammarian.
• An expert teacher of church orders.
• Musician.

The main thing was the grammar. His jurisdiction was the training of children not only letters and literacy, but also a bill. Grammar, together with his students, studied and chant a variety of poems. Basinie Ezopa, the works of Homer used special honor.

We are familiar in our understanding notebooks were a pair of pavements bonded among themselves. Diptychs opened as a book. Inside the plank rubbed wax. They wrote with a wand poured from metal (stylus). After writing, the text could be erased attached to the opposite side of such a kind of notebook blade. In some cases, diptychs were used as envelopes, fastened with seals and sent to various addresses.

The account of children was taught on pebbles. If the calculations were complex, the abacus was used. By the way, this method is used and understood, and in different countries.

Religious studies in our understanding, and in Greece, teaching church crafts and chants was carried out no less intense than grammar. In Greece, there were many religious holidays, which was always gathered a lot of people. Everywhere was performed at such festivals church songs.

Boys sang ritual songs. Choir or solo. The repertoire had hymns for solemn cases. Teachers who were engaged in the children of learning songs were called "kifarists." They trained the game on a variety of tools. More often it was kifar and Lira.

Intensive physical development began with 12 years. Mandatory were gymnastics. Physical education teachers called "Pedotrib" that translated from Greek means the "child coach".

In Greek polishes, it was very prestigious to grow clever, strong, flexible, hardy, physically strong, intelligent, well-enlightened. Boys prepared to military service. Pedotroita was able to teach the younger generation of a spear, disk, running, swimming, fighting, length jump, and height, riding. Children performed on various gymnastic competitions.

Sport classes went into specially intended places. Premises, more similar to gymnastic halls or playlies, called "Palestras". Lessons accompanied the sounds of the flute. In Greece, from the most ancient times, it was customary to make musical accompaniment in class in any sport.

Upon reaching 16, in some polishes of 18 years, the boys continued their education in the gymnasiums. It was a higher level than the school. No less popular for children of this age were schools of ritizers or philosophers.

Training of representatives of the beautiful half

As for girls, they were taught by diploma. Only it was done under the supervision of mothers. The young female half not only comprehended the basics of diverse sciences, but also joined her home. From the small years, girls were taught with needlework, weaving cause, they were hungry. Mandatory in the training program were dancing and singing. This became necessary when participating in rites and ritual holidays.

Did not go away and literature. According to evidence of different sources, already in 7th century. BC. In almost all regions of Greece, schools for girls were built everywhere. There they were engaged in poetry, dancing, singing, learned the game on different tools. The most famous such educational institution was the Sappo School. The famous poetess led her for quite a long time. By the way, in the sources you can find the verses of the Sappo dedicated to her pupils. According to these lines it is easy to understand that education young ladies were obtained in an atmosphere of unsurpassed beauty and grace.

Sparta

The education of children Sparta took place quite differently than in other Greek polishes. Here the upbringing was reduced exclusively to the objectives of the physical development and the creation of a militant citizen. As for women, the spirit of mother of the warrior was brought up in them.

From seven to 20 years, boys brought up in camps. There were these institutions with state. Young people constantly trained their endurance, increased strength. Without physical training, it was not a day. Conditions in such institutions were called "Spartan". That means - pretty hard. Sleeping boys almost on bare boards. The most intelligent was made to collect straw on the litter. Clothes, except from the projected bandages, there were no camp pupils. She was made to acquire aged about 12 years. It was believed if the child lived to such years, he would be a warrior worthy of a resident and defender of Greece.

Girls Sparta have not less attention paid to sports. I was made to them even compete with boys at various competitions. But music and various other arts, Spartans, even girls, were made at times less.

By the way, the main methods of upbringing in Sparta were cruelty and severeness, various punishments were practiced. In all, Sparta teachers showed a hardness of character, excerpt. At the same time, there was an excessive passion for military affairs, which was considered the norm for Sparta, but not for the rest of Greece. Of course, it would be irrelevant damage, which was applied by the mental and creative development of Spartan children. For these contemporaries of Spartans, the Athenians and residents of other policies criticized their upbringing, because in the whole of the rest of Greece, the so-called "calocy" was more revered - ideals of beauty, good, wisdom, creativity, if we speak in modern language.

Athens

In ancient Greece, in contrast to Spartans, the Athenian school was widely known. It leads its summer from 5 V. BC. Later, almost all the policies of the policies adhered to the principles of Athenian education or the foundations close to them.

Huge attention was paid to mental development, but also did not forget about the physical data of young Greeks. By the way, a citizen of this state was to grow morally and versatilely developed.

Athenians walked into schools at the age of 7. Training could pass and individually, if the failure of the family allowed. But more often the children were engaged in groups. As soon as the first thresholds of the alphabet, the account, writing, children were given more difficult tasks were overcome. The first of them, and perhaps the only thing - the doctrine of poems by heart. Everything, more, Scholars did not ask anything. Next is the highest school.

Giving education in gymnasiums, lyceums and especially in universities, for no force was not every Greek family. It was too expensive. And after the reforms of Solon, and not all parents were given to the schools. It became customary to form Chad informally, namely, give them the simplest letters and account skills, as well as reading. Literacy, as they could have been taught by parents. Some hired teachers, but most used the work of slaves.

Those who could pay for training, after school gave their offspring in the gymnasium ("Gymnasias".) Perekov prepared to military service. In Athens, an educational institution was acted, according to modern standards resembling a military school. The boys walked into it from 18 years old. Subsequently, they were waiting for the service in the army.

However, the gymnasium after 5 c. BC. Modified. In Athens, they became centers of pedagogy and science. On these sites flourished free arts

Objectives lesson:

1. Exclude and describe the types of ancient Greek Athenian schools. Disassemble an ancient Greek science. Destermine the scientific activities of ancient Greek scientists. Expand the ideas of students about life in Athens. Deepen the knowledge of students on the history of ancient Greece.

2. Wake up attention, memory, thinking, the ability to identify causal relationships, improve the skills of working with a historical card. To form the skills of project activities, to speak with reports and reports before the classroom audience.

3. Recompret the love of sciences, respect for scientists and educated people.

Costumes: Students and teacher "dress up" to Greek manner, using white sheets and laurel wreaths made from paper.

At the lesson there are "Archons", which will sum up (you can invite school workers, parents who will also be dressed in Greek manner)

Exhibition of books: School encyclopedia "Russika". History of the ancient world. - M.: Alma Press. Education, 2003. I will know the world: Children's Encyclopedia.: History-M.: Ltd. Firm Publisher AST, 1998.

Equipment lesson:

1. Portraits of ancient Greek scientists Aristotle, Democritus, Herodota, Hippocratic.

2. The workbook on a printed basis on the history of the ancient world.

3. Illustrations of the ancient Greek schools, the Palestrer, the gym, the multimedia projector.

5. Olive oil, towel, to deal with hands.

Lesson plan

1. Composition of students of ancient Greek school.

2. Slaves-teachers.

3. Classes at school studied subjects.

4. Visit the pallet.

5. In Athenian gymnasiums.

Basic concepts: Teacher, style, pester, gymnasium.

The most important personalities:Herodotus, Hippocrat, Aristotel,.

Lesson Form: Lesson- Travel

Problem task - Interesting and differences in the Athenian school and in modern?

Epigraph lesson:

Thanks to the formation, a person becomes the most beautiful and divine from creatures.

Platon ancient Greek philosopher.

During the classes.

Teacher's introductory word:

1. Organizing time
2. Good afternoon guys, good afternoon present.

Today we will be a little unusual to begin a lesson, say hello to your elbows.

Purpose - meeting with each other, greeting, acquaintance

The number is the whole class.

Time - 3 min

The teacher asks students to get up in a circle. Then he invites them to pay on the first-second and third and do the following:

Each "number first" folds hands for his head so that the elbows are directed in different directions;

Each "number of the second" rests on his hands in the hips so that the elbows are also directed to the right and left;

Each "number third" bends forward, puts palms on his knees and exposes elbows to the sides.

The teacher tells the student that only three minutes is given to the task. During this time, they must say hello to as much as possible classmates, just calling their name and touching each other with elbows.

Note: This funny game allows you to have fun to start a lesson, to warm up before more serious exercises, contributes to the establishment of contact between students.

All people probably love to travel. And today we will visit you who loved you and me ancient Greece. We will visit the Athenian school, the pallet and we will visit the lessons, listen to the smart speeches of scientists in the gymnasium and we will visit the Palestre.

I am very pleased that today we are all so unusual in Greek Chitona, the cape called the Greeks. At our lesson there are archons that will observe the scores on the lesson and write to you, following which you will get points translated into the assessment, I hope for fruitful work and understanding at today's lesson.

At the beginning of the lesson, we will spend a small game where you check your knowledge on the history of ancient Greece. . Let's start with you with the "historical workout".

Actualization of Knowledge:

And so, we start!

On the first round, here is a joke

Dana one minute

Hurry-ka, do not yaw

Correct the right answer.

(Task requires a brief response)

How did the ancient Greeks called their homeland? (Elda)

Who hid on Crete Island in the Tsarist Palace. (Minotaur)

The main god in Greek mythology? (Zeus)

Explain Polis - this ...? (City-state)

What was the name of the Greek warship? (Triele)

What are the highest authority in Athens? (Areopagus)

How many length of the marathon running? Why? (42 km, exactly as much as from Athens to Marathon.)

Explain the ILOT - this ...? (Slaves in Sparta.)

What was the name of the combat system of the Athenian warriors in the marathon battle? (Phalanx)

Explain democracy - this is ...? (People power)

What was the name of the main area of \u200b\u200bAthens? (Agora)

What are the main port of Athens? (Pyria)

Explain the colony is? .. (Greek settlement)

What was the main temple in Athens? (Parthenon)

What are the name of the commander of the Greek troops in the marathon battle? (Miltic)

How many days passed by the Olympic Games? (5 days)

Name the Athenian area, where did the potters live? (Ceramics)

What are the name of the Spartan commander in the battle of Fermopil? (Leonid)

So, we turn to the study of a new topic:

Problem task- Interesting and differences in learning in the Athens school and in modern?

III. Studying a new topic.

So that the guys did not bored.

Knaging in classroom received.

Traveling.

Everyone is surprised by the story.

On the multimedia project screen, an ancient Greek school image. Question to class:

- "What do you see in the picture?"

That's right, this is an educational institution of the city of Athens. In Greek schools, students were taught clearly and beautifully talking. Pupils memorized the poems of Homer and other poets. The Greeks were also considered that the person's educated person who knows how to sing and dance.

Question to class:

How did the Athenian upbringing differed from Spartan?

Estimated answer: Spartans, more educated physical strength in children, and did not care about intellectual development.

Task class. Work in pairs 3 min:

Read paragraph 1 paragraph 38 and answer questions.

1 pair: - What age did the children in ancient Greece begin?

2 pair: -Who in Greece was called "teachers" and what duties were they?

Estimated answer: Education of children began with a seven age. "Pedagors" in Greece called a slave, who accompanied the boy to school and followed his behavior and success in school.

3 Para-Ged teachers were often poorly spoken by Greek. Why?"

(Pedagogues - Who are prisoners of war from other countries.)

4 pair: - Athenian strategist Pericles learning that some slave broke his leg, exclaimed:

"Here is another teacher more than!" - What, he meant?

(Teachers became slaves who received injuries and were not suitable for work in other places.)

Working with illustrations:The teacher proposes to consider and describe a pedagog statuette in the multimedia screen.

(

5 paras: - In Athens, all men were competent. Education was not available to girls and children from poor families. Greeks in the 8th century T.N. e. Invented the alphabet. They borrowed the alphabet from the Phoenicians, but he did not like it. Question: - Why? (The Phoenicians in the alphabet did not have vowels, so it caused certain difficulties.)

To all other students, the teacher proposes to consider and describe in the multimedia screen or in the textbook page 173 the statuette of the teacher.

( Children should pay attention to the clothing and the teaching form).

Teacher: -The Greeks were the first to mark vowel sounds. In the alphabet of the Greeks there were 24 letters, they passed the Greeks all the diversity of sound speech when writing. Many nations who created their letter used the Greek alphabet.

In Greek schools there were different disciples, not everyone was easily given a gram.

They told about one rich, who presented his lazy son 24 servants, their names began with the first letters of the alphabet.

Student responses - 3 min.

Look at one of the Greek schools:

II. The lesson of the Greek language. Scene:

Active persons: Teacher, disciples, irritated mother. Visuality: skimming, style ..

Teacher: "We begin the lesson of the Greek language, they picked up the handle - styles and write under my dictation:" ignorant is the wildest of creatures on Earth. "

Who are these guys in a sentence?

(Knock on the door, the irritated mother with about his student comes into the class

Mother complains ;: "Ask him, the most respectable, where his teacher's house, where I have every thirtieth number I have to make money for him, he will not be able to answer you soon. Poor table, which I regularly rub on wax, lonely at the feet of his bed. He hates her death forest, and if he takes himself in his hands, then he will not write anything like a little, but only the whole wax is in vain. Oh, how I scold myself for giving him good upbringing in the hope of finding himself a helping for a black day ... And try to hit him as soon as possible, so he will take the roof and sits there like a monkey. And I'm not so much sorry for me how many tiles that crumble like sweet cookies. I, please, ask him such a spanking so that of him and the spirit of Won came out! "

Teacher. Guys, why a mom's mom is so excited? (Uch-Xia Answers) "So I figured out who is so ignorant." Question to class. - What's new about an ancient Greek school, did you learn from this message?

Estimated answer. Training was paid. In school for writing, used special smells covered with wax. Not all children treated in good faith in school.)

So we learned what the Greeks studied at school.

In Greece, it was often possible to hear the word "Palestra" Let's listen to the message what Pestra is and what it is known

Pupil message.

"Pestrate was in a small courtyard, surrounded by columns. From 12 years old boys started attending this school. In the Palestre, they were engaged in gymnastics, running, jumping, throwing spears and disk, struggle.

The hand-to-hand struggle was called "Pancratius". It is allowed to use the tags of a fist combat, you can knock down the enemy from the legs, flaw, stroke. However, it is impossible to cripple, bite and beat in the eyes. Boys train in the fight. Before the game, they are abundantly pouring the oil on the palm of the palm and brilliantly rub the skin to them. Wins one who is clever and strong. If one of the wrestlers suddenly threw the opponent through his knee, and recognize him defeated. A strict teacher with a stick in hand is ready to hit any violator of the Rules of Competition. After the lesson, they run off the bonded dirt and sweat from the body.

Teacher: Pestera is a sports school.

And now let us check the strength and agility of our boys. (2 people who want a boy are called, rub the hands with olive oil and compete, who will win)

Teacher: "And now we will go to one of the gymnasis (there were three of them in Athens) guys need to know what gymnasium is? Listen to the message

Student Message: "The gymnasiums mostly visited adults. They were outside the city among green trees and meadows. They had exercise sites for gymnastics, swimming pools, locker rooms, recreation facilities and friendly conversations. In the gymnasiums in front of the listeners were well-known scientists, philosophers, poets. They set out their views on the structure of the Universe, offered plans to create an exemplary state. Often, scientists argued, but everyone remained with her opinion. "

Teacher: We write down: gymnasiums are schools for adults .. and today did you hear a similar word?

Scene: Guys, in front of you Aristotle and Antifont, listen to them ..

Aristotle: "Some instruments are animated, others - inanimate. The slave is an animated property and the most perfect of all guns. Some people are created by nature to be free, other slaves. To those people who, by their nature, slaves are fair. "

Antifon: "I do not agree with you, Aristotle. By nature, all people in all respects are equal. We are all the same breathe air - through your mouth and nose, and we eat all the same with the help of hands. "

Aristotle: "I respect your point of view. Antifon, but I stay with my opinion. "

Teacher: What do you think I was taught in gymnasiums? (Working with a textbook page 176)

Estimated answer: taught the eloquence - the ability to defend your opinion during performances.

Teacher: - Athens existed the third stage of education. Listen to the message about it.

Pupil message.

"The gymnasiums mostly visited adults. They were outside the city among green trees and meadows. They had exercise sites for gymnastics, swimming pools, locker rooms, recreation facilities and friendly conversations. In them in front of the listeners were well-known scientists. Here they taught the ability to speak well, speak with speeches in the People's Assembly and the courts. Some Athenian gymnasiums called Academy. "

Teacher: - In the gymnasium came and acted as democritus, Aristotle, Hippocrat, Herodotus. Today we have the opportunity to listen to them.

(The disciples are dressed in Greek chitons who depict ancient - Greek scientists).

Speech by children. Democritus: "Hello guys, I democritus Greek scientist and philosopher, born in 460 to. n. e. In the small seaside city of Abder, who is in Thrace. For merits in front of their city, the name "Patriot" was called. My motto: "Nothing arises from nothing, and nothing goes into nothing." I first expressed the idea that Matter consists of the smallest indivisible particles of atoms. Atoms take various forms. The soul of man consists of round atoms when a person dies, the atoms dissipate. Religion, in my opinion, arose due to the helplessness of people in front of the formidable phenomena of nature. Gods is the embodiment of human feelings and nature, for example, Zeus is the sun, Athena - Mind. I have a lot of mathematical work, I calculated the volume of cone and pyramids. My philosophical and natural science views had a great influence on the philosophers of subsequent times. "

Aristotle:"My name is Aristotle. I was born in 384 to. n. e. My hometown of Stagir in Thrace. The name was often added to the nickname stagitis. My father was a court doctor under the Macedonian Tsar. From 367 g before. AD I am a student of the Great Plato. I did not agree with his glances and therefore left Plato's Academy, saying the phrase that became a winged. - Plato is my friend but the truth is dearer. I believed that the Earth is a ball and is located in the center of the world, and the sun and the stars rotate around it.

All accumulated knowledge, I divided into separate sectors and united into independent sciences. Botany - studies plants, physics - nature, politics - state. There are many aphorisms that belong to me. "Friendship is one soul in two bodies." "Enter yourself with friends as you want them to behave with you." About teaching. "The roots of his bitter, but the fruits of his sweets." "Philosophy begins with surprise" and many others. "

Hippocrates:"I am a hippocrat, born on the island of Kos in 460 to. n. e. I am a doctor in the seventeenth generation. Thousands of people I cured and even made complex surgical operations. In my opinion, it is necessary to treat not a disease, but a person, because the same disease in different people is manifested in different ways. I defined the types of human temperament: choleric, phlegmatic, sanguine, melancholic. Allocated the four principles of treatment of the patient: 1). To use, and not harm. 2). The opposite, treated the opposite. 3). Assist, and not to interfere with the body to deal with the disease. four). Spare patient. The activity of the doctor is very important, I compared it with the candle - the burden of myself, Sveti others. "

Herodotus: "The Greeks called me the" Father of History ". My chief work on history is devoted to Greek - Persian Wars. I was born in 485. before. AD My hometown of Galicarnas. For participation in the fight against the Tiran of the ruler in his city, I was forced to leave my homeland. Traveled a lot in the countries of the East. Described in detail the customs of Egypt, which struck me. I described other events from the life of the countries of the East. When I finished my journey, no one in Greece knew me. From my journey, I brought with me several papyrus scrolls. This was the history of Greco - Persian Wars collected by me. In those days, an important event of the ancient Greeks were the Olympic Games. On a row with athletes in the Olympia, musicians, poets, writers performed. At the Olympics I read several heads of my "story." The Olympic Games are over, the listeners were drove, in various cities of Greece and spread my stories. I immediately became famous. "

Teacher:The ancient Greeks believed that the love of the Motherland is the highest valor of a citizen. How do you understand this statement? Confirm its examples from history.

Estimated answer. This citizen is the one who loves his homeland, who is ready not in words, but in reality to prove his love.

4. Fastening Material Teacher:Among the adopted entertainment of the Greeks in the gymnasium was a game of questions and answers. Here are some of these questions on consolidation. .

Find similarities and differences in training in the Athens school and in modern?

- Who, from ancient Greek scientists, expressed a brilliant idea that the matter consists of atoms?

(Democritus).

Who, from ancient Greek scientists calculated the volume of cone and pyramid? (Democritus).

Who, from the ancient Greek scientists, believed that the Earth is a ball and is in the center of the world?

(Aristotle).

Who, from the ancient Greek scientists was a doctor, and determined the types of human characters?

(Hippocrates).

Who, the ancient Greeks called the "father of history"? (Herodotus).

Let's summarize: Remember how in Greece voted? And today we will sum up the lesson with the help of Camereek voting.

Reflection: Two vessels are in front of you. In one vessel, white pebbles - I really liked it, everything is clear; Black - I was not understood everything, it was boring.

Summing up the lesson.That's all, there are no more questions. To count the archons of the points we ask.

Who scored points,

Lift hands.

And good grades

For the lesson you get!

Assessment of students. (The teacher issues an estimate for the lesson)

That ended our lesson,

Books are more and more guys read

And ancient Greece you study.

(The teacher introduces the book exhibition)

On the multimedia projector screen homework.

Reply to questions at the end of the paragraph.

Disposable to the notebook terms and learn them.

References:

1. Ancient Greece. Reading book. L.1978 g. 254-260
2. Krushkol Yu.S. Reader on the history of the ancient world M. 1987 p. 163-164.
3. Textbook history of the ancient world. A.A. Vigasin
4. Internet resources.

Lesson-game: "In Athenian schools and gymnasiums"

Purpose:
-Education: the formation of students from the idea of \u200b\u200bthe level of development of education and schools of ancient Greece; - Developing: Improve the analytical skills of students: the ability to analyze, compare, compare; Continue the formation of the ability to use and explain the historical terms and concepts. - Value: Education among students of universal values \u200b\u200brespect for the elders and to parents, the desire to obtain education and the impulse of love to their homeland. Training method: reproductive, partially search. Type of lesson: Combined teacher's activity lesson: Explanation, description, story, conversation, organization of verification of knowledge. Student activities: students listen, view and describe the illustrations, make entries in notebooks, answer questions and informative tasks, participate in the drains.
Equipment:
Map of ancient Greece, tables with ancient Greek alphabet, elements of clothes for the role-playing game (laurel wreath, harmatic cape), cardboard plates covered with waxes, sticks (imitating style), images of statues ("Discobol" and "Spear").
Concepts:
Pestera, gym, teacher, style, eloquence.
Personalia:
Pericles, Miron, Polyclet, Aristotle, Apollo. Stages of the lesson: 1. Organizational moment. 2. Personal survey 3. Studying a new material. 4. Reflection. 5. Homework. 6. Summing up the lesson. Estimation. Plan to study new material: ι. Educational institutions of ancient Greece. Ιι. School lessons. Ιιι. Palaestra. Ιv. In Athenian gymnasiums.
During the classes

1. The introductory part.
Teacher: - Today we will start our lesson from the game "Yes." I guess the state. You must ask questions that contain the features of the historical development of the States studied. If the assigned question concerns the conceived state, I say "yes", if not, then "no". Approximate questions of students to the teacher: - Is this a state located on the Balkan Peninsula? (Yes) - In this state, foreign policy is aimed at seizing territories? (Yes) - in this state could make a decision to manage ordinary citizens? (Not)
- In this state, has developed science and art? (No) - Have you guess the Spartan State? (Yes) Teacher: - Development in Athens? - (craft and agriculture), and in Sparta (war). We go to Ancient Greece, in the Athenian state. Democracy in Greece created conditions that contribute to the flourishing and development of culture. The main task of Greek culture
–
rail a comprehensively developed person. ? How do you understand that guys? What does the expression "comprehensively developed personality mean?" (This is the identity of the developed mentally, morally and physically) to the upbringing of such a person and sought Greeks. And where are these people bring up? Answer the question of the lesson and form the purpose of the lesson.
Problem task
Similarities and differences in learning in the Athens school and in modern?
Studying a new material:

Ι. Educational institutions of ancient Greece.
In Greece there were several types of educational institutions. ? And what educational institutions are in our country? (schools, vocational schools, institutes, university, academies). We will visit the educational institutions of ancient Greece, we find out what they were and what they were taught. (A teacher works with a scheme that is depicted in the presentation, students do records in notebooks) What did they teach in Greek schools? Task: Read Clause 1 §38 p.173. - What age did the children in ancient Greece begin? Called teachers? - What were their responsibilities? - Who is called the teacher today? - In early hour, urban and rural boys hurried to school. Look at one of them and we.
Same moment:
Human studies and teachers dress up in capes with laurel wreaths on the head. Teacher's introductory word: - Hairet Paide! Kala Kai Agata! (Hello, children, beautiful and perfect!) Today, on the day of early spring, when life comes life, I enter you to my school. Be diligent, be afraid of punishment. Come here, barely rises the sun, and go with the onset of twilight. Do not shawit, roses always lie in front of you. (Rosie lie on the table)
-Teacher
: Find in the text and give an example for what students were punished (the class works with a book and a document on page 173, §38). - You begin to learn and all our small proud city - the stronghold of Eldlats hopefully looks at future citizens, expecting that you grow a support of the homeland and bring it to the glory and wealth. Now let's start the lesson.
Teacher
opens a table with an ancient Greek alphabet, reads every letter, students read the chorus. Then there are letters from cookies (this is a genuine reception in Greek schools when children are guessing and called them).
Teacher
- Children, listen to how beautiful it can be discussed from these letters: Mainene Ayid Tea Palenado Achilleos Wombenun Vae Muri Ahaios Alge Etiquan (anger, goddess, bearing, Achilles, Peleeva Son) Question: What kind of works are these lines? (Iliad).

Teacher
: Now let's try to record a few words. How does the name of the beautiful person of the art sounds? Apollo (written on skimming).
Teacher
- And how is the Greek called the science of the past? History (written on skimming).
Teacher
- Now try writing without my help. Work diligently, not forgetting the first schoolchild rule: "Turn more often
style
". Task: Find an explanation to this expression in the textbook (this means that it is necessary to check and correct errors more often)
Teacher
- Put the tablets with your own names on my desk (students are searched into place).
Questions to class:
Why did you learn at school? Prove that there really was the differences between Athenian and Spartan training and upbringing.
Teacher:
read about studying in the Palestre and gymnasium, tell us using the drawings on page 174, §38.
Work on the concepts
(Record on the board): eloquence (ability to speak with a speech, to defend your opinion) of the Gymnasia (School for Adult Athenians) Pestrate (School of Physical Training for Youth)
Question to class.
- What's new about ancient Greek school, did you know?
Return to the problem task
Estimated answer. Training was paid. In school for writing, used special smells covered with wax. Not all children treated in good faith to study at school.)
Palaestra
. (From the word "Pale" - the struggle) - the boys attended it from 12 years old, it was a gymnastic school. (Description, conversation, tasks for students: Determine the types of sports with which Greek boys engaged in the Palestre) in front of you drawing "in the Palestre". ? Look at the slide that you see there. Describe it. ? What do boys do in the pallet? ? What is a man with a stick standing in the center? In Palestra, Greek boys were engaged in gymnastics. The exercise of the gym was considered an important thing. After all, a citizen must be a warrior. And who needs such warriors who are trembling in the cold, weaken from the cold, suffocating from dust, weak and vulnerable? In good weather, they trained in an open-air in an extensive rectangular yard, and in bad weather under the roof. (The teacher shows the class of photographs of the ruins of the ancient Greek Palestre, with the help of the presentation) in Palestrars stood the statues of famous athletes - the works of the great Greek masters of Mirone, the Polyklet.
Task class
: Consider illustrations and determine how boys have been trained in Palisters? (Pentathlon: Running, fighting, jumping, throwing spear and disc
). (recording in

notebook)
In moments of rest between the training sections, the Greeks loved to play the game
"Questions I.

answers. "
Imagine that you are members of this game. Listen carefully, answer quickly!
Task class
: 1. I am a black child of a sparkling father, a bird without wings, I rises to the clouds, barely born, I scattered in the air. (Smoke).
2. When you look, I also look at you, but I do not see, for I do not have an eye (mirror). 3. Iron my upper end, and the bottom is not a glad. Lucky hand, then one, then the other side I am useful. What will create one of my part will destroy the other. (Style). Did you like the game? And how is this game called us, in Russia? Puzzles. Well done! In Athens, there was a third stage of educational education.
Ιv in Athenian gymnasiums.
Gymnasiums - Schools for adults
(Record in notebook)

Teacher:
"And now we will go to one of the gymnasis (there were three of them in Athens) guys need to know what gymnasium is? Listen to the message
Pupil message.
"The gymnasiums mostly visited adults. They were outside the city among green trees and meadows. They had exercise sites for gymnastics, swimming pools, locker rooms, recreation facilities and friendly conversations. In them in front of the listeners were well-known scientists. Here they taught the ability to speak well, speak with speeches in the People's Assembly and the courts. Some Athenian gymnasiums were called academies. "
Teacher:
- In the gymnasium, such scientists as Aristotle, Hippocrates, Herodotus came and performed. Today we have the opportunity to listen to them. (The disciples that depict an ancient Greek scientists are dressed in Greek chitons).
Aristotle:
"My name is Aristotle. I was born in 384 to. n. e. My hometown of Stagir in Thrace. My father was a court doctor under the Macedonian Tsar. I am a student of the Great Plato. I did not agree with his glances and therefore left Plato's Academy, saying the phrase that became a winged. - Plato is my friend but the truth is dearer. I believed that the Earth is a ball and is located in the center of the world, and the sun and the stars rotate around it.
Hippocrates:
"I am a hippocrat, born on the island of Kos in 460 to. n. Era. I am a doctor in the seventeenth generation. Thousands of people I cured and even made complex surgical operations. I defined the types of human temperament: choleric, phlegmatic, sanguine, melancholic. Allocated the four principles of treatment of the patient: 1). To use, and not harm. 2). The opposite, treated the opposite. 3). Assist, and not to interfere with the body to deal with the disease. four). Spare patient. The activity of the doctor is very important, I compared it with the candle - the burden of myself, Sveti others. "
Herodotus
: "The Greeks called me the" Father of History ". My chief work on history is devoted to Greek - Persian Wars. I was born in 485. before. AD My hometown of Galicarnas. For participation in the fight against the Tiran of the ruler in his city, I was forced to leave my homeland. Traveled a lot in the countries of the East. Described in detail the customs of Egypt, which struck me. I described other events from the life of the countries of the East. At the Olympics I read several heads of my "story." The Olympic Games are over, the listeners were drove, in various cities of Greece and spread my stories. I immediately became famous. " Ancient Greek scientists have made a great contribution to the development of world science. (The teacher shows the slides of the presentation with the names and portraits of the ancient Greek scientists and briefly comments them, and the children make records in notebooks).
Teacher
: Consider the statues of "Discobol" and "Copysenz". Students describe the statues: the disc thrower - it was created by Miron, who managed to convey the feeling of movement in it. It seems that now the athlete straightened and the disk will fly. The spear is a statue of a policlet that shows what each young man should be: physically healthy, strong, beautiful, ready for a feat.
Work with a statement
: Greek scientist Protagor argued that the sons of the rich goes to school before all and later cease to visit it.
Question
: Why did boys from poor families studied not long? (Students express their opinions).
Question
: What qualities were valued in a person in antique time and do not cease to appreciate now? (Children point to physical perfection, the ability to obey adults and parents, be ready for the exploits, be smart, educated, etc.). If you won't call, then it follows
Supplement that the main value of ancient culture is the free human personality.
4. Reflection
Game "Labyrinth Knowledge" Quests: 1. Athenian strategist Pericles, learning that some slave broke the leg, exclaimed: "Here is another teacher more!" What did these words mean? Who are the Greeks called teachers? 2. Someone told about the famous Athenian ruler Solone the following. "Being a boy, Solon was very happy that in the days of victories over Persians in the Marathon and Salamine, classes in schools stopped. Father for it was angry with him, considering his shareman. " How truthful is this story? What errors does it contain?
Text with errors
"Athenian boys began studying from seven years. All students, and older and younger, wrote on a papyrus with the help of Costns. In schools, they were taught only to read and write. The holidays were in winter. For girls were special schools, where they studied the same thing And boys. Since 12 years old, the boys visited the gymnasium, where they were engaged in fighting, running, jumping, etc. Athenian schools were free. " Question: What new knowledge did you acquire in the lesson? Can you argue that the receipt of education remains significant at present.
Game in eloquence
: Two student at the same time praise or scold each other, not insulting, within 1 - 2 minutes.
5. Maximum task
P.38, Questions and Quests Make a schedule of lessons: I option - in Greek school II option - in the pallet