Favorites. Conscience of Nation Heinrich Bell story with the participation of an old bomber

For the first time I saw Henry Böll in the fall of 1962 in Moscow, in the small hall of the central house of writers. In the small hall, more people were stuffed than he could accommodate; Many were sitting on the chairs brought from the lobby.

For the Soviet readers of that time, he was the most important modern German writer. All or almost everything he wrote was translated. His books were extended by large circulations. And, as a rule, published in the journal "Foreign Literature", sometimes in the "New World". Both magazines - first of all, of course, the "New World" - played an important role in the life of the Soviet intelligentsia. Through an extensive network of local libraries, and also thanks to the subscription, they reached the depthion itself. If you asked the reading citizen of our immense homeland, what modern German writer he knows, he would be the first to be called Heinrich Böll.

Disgust to war

Later, when Böll supported Alexander Solzhenitsyn and other writers pursued in those years, attitudes towards him from those who officially led the literature in the Soviet Union, changed dramatically. But in 1962, everyone smiled, including those who gave a ceremony in the small hall of the Central Assembly and the Suchkov Boris Suchkov (Future Director of the Academic Institute of World War Literature), who was debated by Böllem in an ideological controversy.

Actually, there was nothing to argue about. Bell experienced a sense of guilt and shame for what - not in his will - he participated in the war, including on the Eastern Front, that is, fought directly against the Soviet Union. He never hid it, and in his works and in personal conversations frankly spoke about it. Sincerely - and he was generally a very sincere person - regretted that it was that way. He never tried to justify themselves (and did not like when it was made by his compatriots), to remove the heavy burden of guilt and always shared responsibility for the Hitler's Hitler's Raich, although Hitler and his Reich sincerely hated.

But Boris Leontievich Suchkov, a person is highly intelligent and decent, with a tragic fate - on the false denunciation, he spent an enon number of years in Soviet camps, - according to the initial order, he considered it necessary to start a meaningless dispute with Böll, from which Böll did not dare and in his characteristic A soft, benevolent manner answered the militant view of Suchkov.

When the official part over the end, I managed to squeezing to Böll, ask him a few questions and get from him as a gift, with the inscription in red ink, just released a thin book - two stories: "When the war began" and "when the war ended" . At home I immediately read them, and they conquered me sincere intonation, honesty and transferred to the author's hot disgust with the author to war. I have been stored this book yet. Red ink fused and almost erased ...

Then we are a few more times, in different years, met with Böllem in Germany, and every time talked about his works. I tried to ask how he works, what topics and problems most of all occupy him at a particular moment.

"War," he remembered Heinrich Böll, "I passed the infantryman on various fields of hostilities between the Cap Green and dear to Kerch, was four times wounded. Nevertheless, the war came to me as a monstrous boredom, which the Nazis did even more boring than it is from nature: bloody, endless boredom who was not interrupted anything but letters from my wife and parents and wounds that I welcomed because they Again in any way there was a vacation.

Another impression of the war: Hutur. Probably, there are writers who are halchiers, probably, many halchiers among carpenters and politicians, but I think that in any profession there is no such set of halchiers - and in no profession, Haltur has such bloody consequences, as in the professional community of the military.

The terrifying end of the war came: orders, the inhumanity of which could already be compared with anything; The disintegration of the Wehrmacht, which was a complete decomposition from the inside: Horde, unprecedented since the time of the 30-year war, spread out the country, blasting bridges; Hop destruction: Deserters were hanging, shot two minutes before the end of the war, and somewhere in their bunker in Berlin sat Hitler, the rats of decay, and gnawing the nails, while the generals and Feld Marshals performed the will of rats. "

Elevated orders

Hero of his famous novel "Billiards in half the tenth" throws his Order - does not want to find their grandson: "Two orders? Well, of course, I built a trench, laid mine gallery, strengthened artillery positions, stalling under hurricane fire, pulled out the wounded battlefield; Yes, the cross is a second degree and the first degree ... We will throw them into the drainage pipe, let them be tightened with tina in the drain ditch. "

Why does he throw orders? One day his son pulled them out of the closet. Father has noticed a fatal brilliance in the eyes of the boy. It is necessary to throw them away at least now, even if the grandson does not find them in the grandfather's inheritance: "Yes, they will be squeezed to honor what our fathers, grandfathers and great-grandfathers were rewarded." So the hero of Belyl rustles with the entire Military tradition of Germany.

War in the stories of Böll - "horror without end and without edge! Day and night - military uniform and nonsense of duty, arrogant and screaming irritability of officers and coarse ounces of university officers! Everyone slears on the war, as in the herd, a hopeless gray huge herd of desperate people! " The everyday life of the war is dirty, sising to the lice of the barracks, are being sown on the city streets of foreign countries, shaking soldiers who are trembling from the cold and dream of hot soup and cigarettes (the story "then in Odessa").

Nazi propaganda in the name of raising the combat spirit tried to inspire a winner delight. In the press, in the weekly newsreel releases, in all genres and types of "patriotic art and literature war, a war depicted as an" adventure ", through which each self-respecting young German should pass.

Böll did everything possible for the degeneration of war: "War, where it really is a war, is an endless game, infinite barrack. Stupidity, bloody stupidity, meaningless, absolutely meaningless actions, which everyone knew that they were deprived of meaning. " Nowhere, the reader will not find a "good word" about the war, its instigators and zealous performers of orders. His heroes are the most "ponor", "depressed" people whom they drove to the slaughterhouse.

One of the most famous stories of Böll - "Traveler will come when in a spa ...". The wounded young man falls - on the stretcher - in the native city. He is carried on the floors and corridors, and he understands: he is in the drawing room of a classical gymnasium, turned into marginal lip. In the city of their three: one gymnasium Friedrich the Great, the other - Albert's gymnasium, and the third - "Gymnasium named after Adolf Hitler".

The young man brought exactly where he studied for eight years, - the Gymnasium of Friedrich the Great. He fell to the front quite recently, right from school bench. He thinks: here will be a new monument to the soldiers. How many names will be carved there? "I went to the front from school and fell for ... but I still don't know why," the young man reflects, presenting his name carved on the monument.

On the school chalkboard - still written by the words! Handwriting is exactly it - only three months ago he wrote on it: "Travelers will come when in a spa ..." (hint at the well-known story about three hundred spartes). He did not have time to add the word "Sparta". For this school board it was melted, and he saw that he had no more hands and his right leg.

Piercing story, concise and immensely sad. Gymnasian boy, a couple of months ago, wrote something chalk on a school board, turned into a disabled person - in the name of Fuhrer and Reich. This is not just an anti-war story, but also harsh, destroying all the illusions of the critic of the School of the Prussian sample, where the nationalist ideology set on the stilly was taken over to all what they were taught, liavo leaning allegedly on the humanistic German tradition.

Another famous story of Belyl - "Death Loengrina". A teenager is trying to steal coal in trains - he needs to feed and warm two small brothers, they are orphans. Once he was caught guard. Trying to escape, he fell off the train. The semi-winning falls into the hospital, all in the blood and coal dust. The doctor tells to make it an anesthetic injection. The pain passes, and he feels happy, but he thinks about the brothers: without him they do not decide to take bread and remain hungry. The sister-monastery asks his name. "Grini," he answers. It does not say that his full name is Lojengrin. This mother called His Grio, but she is dead. He is not baptized, and a nun, having gaining water to the test tube, wants to sprinkle his forehead and make baptism rites. And in this moment he dies.

War and ruins in the works of Belyl are inseparable. Hungry homeless children, in some terrible corners, forced to steal, to survive, the cruelty of most adults, a cruel world, where there is no place for a child with a fabulous name.

Eyes of clown

The most important event both in the creative biography of the writer himself and in the literary life of the Federal Republic of Germany was the situation of the novel "Eyes of Clown" (1963). Perhaps this is a favorite foreign product of the Soviet readers of the 60s, as evidenced, in particular, the stage of 1968 in the Moscow Dramatic Theater named after the Mossoveta, where Gennady Bortnikov played the main role and which was very popular with the audience.

In Germany, the novel caused a disgraceful reaction. Hard and even viciously reacted the Catholic Church. Relations with the church are a special topic in the work of Böll. Christianity for him is primarily a moral category. Genuine faith he understands as genuine humanity. The ability to love a person, understand his requests and needs - it is always a major criterion for the personality assessment for Böll. The desire to protect the identity from violence and there is a higher Christian virtue in his eyes.

In the center of the works of Böll often - pious people. Christian theme is closely related to the problem of responsibility. War, crimes against humanity, disregard for human needs and requests, chanting, heartlessness, calcality, careerism, lies - all this in understanding the writer contradicts Christian morality, incompatibly with her. Church, its institutions and higher priests, he blames "Opportunism", in collaboration with Nazism.

Criticism of the official institutions of the Church, Clerical Conformism plays an important role in the novel "the eyes of a clown". Because of the merciless contempt for false, disassembled piousness, hypocrisy and the heartlessness of the "fathers of the church", the novel caused an evil reaction. The church opened openly with attacks on Böll. Freiburg Archbishop reproached Böll in the "decomposing criticism." One church fell on the writer: "Mr. Böll, you offer people stones instead of bread, moreover: obviously, many of you offer scorpions instead of bread."

Klericala is discharged with the greatest artificiality. Claries discover careerism, vanity, greed and hypostyle; Genuine concerns and troubles parishionized them alien. The heartlessness, coldness and conformism of successful priests Böll opposes the morality of certain poor and lonely heroes. The border is not between believers and unbelievers, but between people moral and immoral.

The church is completely deprived in his depicting holiness. High moral, moral force is often endowed by representatives of the "lower" clergy tier and modest parishioners. Over the years, Skepticism with respect to official institutions of the Church is becoming more noticeable. The writer essentially excludes the possibility of Christian update.

Remember or forget

All his work was built around several major topics. The most important rejection of any attempts to displace the periphery of public consciousness guilt and responsibility for all the atrocities of the Hitler's regime. His immensely grieved, moreover, outraged the "inability to grieve," equivalent to oust the shameful past from the memory of generations.

The awareness of guilt is a difficult job, and not everyone was ready for her. The process of displacing the past from the memory was ahead of the opposite process of comprehension and analysis. The survivors after the defeat of the Third Reich were confusedly looked around: it was to begin a new life on a destroyed basis, in the ghostly, almost the surreal world of ruins and chaos.

The insight, loss of illusions, a vague sense of one's own guilt, attempts to somehow tie together the causes and consequences of the catastrophe - this is the then the very self-satisfaction of the Germans, in any case, those who firmly decided to begin all over, breaking with the misconceptions of the recent past. It was indeed very difficult if you consider how even recently I accidentally accomplished the mechanism of foliation and human conservation.

Looking into the depths of the abyss and shook back in horror, they overcame the pain shock, caused by the war and became a trigger for the movement of thought, for new reflections on the experienced catastrophe. Cheated and devoted by cynical lzhekumi, which sensely throwing millions of lives in the firewood of war, they began to understand how ridiculously ordered their youth and youth.

And the topic of manageability by man again and again arises in his books - a person who is forced to become a silent "screw" system. Böll always takes the question: What can a person oppose the violence of the state?

A person has no right to hide from responsibility, leaning in the word "order." He is obliged to resist the criminal regime. The topic of non-involvement in violence, the desire to preserve its individuality and the "innocence of the soul" - one of the main in the circle of those Böhlevsky creativity. His heroes - people do not succeed, and standing aside: they do not want to adapt.

His heroes hate the war and want a simple normal life, wish the love and intimacy of a woman. If you take advantage of not very fashionable now, Böll is a master of a subtle psychologist, able to capture and in the finest nuances to transmit this barely inhabitable music of the soul, sounding against the background of rude, brutal chords of the war. It accurately reproduces the barely distinguishable movements of the soul, so often the military reality of the military.

At the same time, the reverent motive of the fleeting meeting plays a often capital role in those small tragic performances that are played in its short early essays. Love is the main thing that is not the only one, refuge among the hostile world, which allows to preserve in spite of the human community and hardness of faith.

Syrie and misery

Heinrich Böll entered the history of literature as a person who was always on the side of the "siery and poor", against successful careerists, cash bags that are compared to the troubles of the "simple person."

Böll was highly reproached that "smell of poverty" comes from his works, "kitchens, where underwear is erased," and did not want to understand his heartbeat and deep sympathy, which he fell to the crippled, not finding his place in life. The words "literature ruins" tried to give a negative sense, even turn them into some kind of curse, but Böll always remained faithful to his heroes: he was eager for the society to be more humane, and the state is more fair to these people.

He believed that the role of literature is not the mindless-conformal approval of everything that makes power, but, on the contrary, the criticism of this power. Any power always finds what to criticize. And Böll, we must give him due, widespread this right of literature.

In any situation, he was distinguished by disarming humanity and unlimited sincerity. It was this that created him all over the world a reputation of a morally immaculate person, and in his own country he was considered the "conscience of the nation." He objected to this, as he could, but remained the highest "moral instance" to the very end ...

And I, while alive, I will not forget several meetings with this great writer and a wonderful person, our conversations, his interest in people and his kindness, willingness to understand and help, his attentive and friendly look, his charming smile. I just finished work on the book about Henry Böllo and I hope that there is a publisher that will want to publish it.

Irina Mlechina,
Doctor of Philological Sciences, -
specifically for "new"

Then the eternal, "God given" division on the "adopted buffalo communion" and "adopt a lamb", which passes through the entire book, is very attractive, for for Belyl "The Communion of the Lamb" is always associated with an honest labor life, and "buffalo communion" with bloody crimes and war; Attractive, but, of course, something powerlessly explain in the complex dialectic of the German history of the 20th century. Later, Böll abandoned this symbolism: "Today I would not use it anymore. Then it was auxiliary construction applied to a well-defined political and historical background, and the buffalo for me was the type of Hindenburg - that is, not Hitler! - And the lamps were victims. " Böll says that "sharply dualistic" attitude towards people is not typical of even his military stories and he does not understand how a similar view could arise in criticism. In fact, if the "buffaloes" are outlined quite definitely, then with the "lands" it turns out much more difficult, as soon as Böll is suitable for active resistance to Hitlerism; Then it turns out that their hands "smell blood and a rebellion."

The peculiarity of this novel is like "at home without a host" - consists in the absence of a true epilogue and in a variety of union of individual private storylines. But all of them - from the shot of Johann, either half-breasted, or simply spent from the world under the pretext of the madness of the wife of an old femler, in the minister in which she sees the "future killer of his grandson," before the adoption of Robert Boy Hugo, able to continue the "Lamb "," Fold into a single conclusion: the need for everyone to measure its capabilities to counteract the evil. All three generations of bolds come on this day to the abandonment of their previous position, understanding the worship of the union of the artist with a stupid nationalist element (Old Femel), the dismisseability of the controversy of the living life behind the door of the Billiard room (Son Robert), the worship of participation in the new restoration of old orders ( Grandson Joseph). The conditional symbolism of all these actions is undoubted, but they determine the meaning of the most symbolized Roman Böll.

The Roman "Billiards in half the tenth" contained the most sharp criticism of the Bonn reality, which Böll Books were known by that time; Nothing equal in the strength of the dedication of restoration processes was not then in all Western German literature. The discrepancy between the writer and the society in which he lived and wrote about, becoming more and more. But the next novel of Böll "Eyes of Clown" (1963) was still irreconcilable from this point of view. The novel is written on behalf of the comic actor, a professional jester, and on his pages as if the flow of the sinister heroes of his satirical stories was hung. What a terrible world, which face! Museum of Kinkel, "Conscience of German Catholicism," the rich carving art objects and arguing about the "subsistence minimum"; Two-handed zommervilde, "Salon Lion" in a Catholic closure, covering its dark divids on the divine metaphysics; Careerist Fredureboil, "Boltun" and "Sadist"; Specialist in "Democratic Education of Youth" Herbert Call, in the recent past, a fanatical leader of Hitlergenda, who now, as he says, "History opened his eyes," "Born Spike" and "Political Distor"; The talentless writer Schnitzer, a fake "resistance wrestler", without which now "in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs cannot step up." Still terrible, still wonderful: the father of the hero, a millionaire, who has a slightly not in all enterprises of the Bonn Republic, but did not even send the son of a son even alms; The mother of the hero, whose stuffiness entered the saying, with Hitler fanatical Nazi, and today the head of the Joint Committee on Reconciling Race Controls is a story about her receptions, a description of the "Mug of Progressive Catholics", where "Youth Educators", "Spiritual Shepherds" of the Contemporary Federal Republic - All this world, worthy of the Shchedrian feather, the world of "triumphant pig."

It is the triumpling pig - maybe the worst thing that is in this book about the Federal Republic of 1962. Even relatively recently, Böll and other Western German writers talked about frightening signs of the revival of the hated past. They registered, albeit with the receipt and with varying degrees of understanding, the beginning of this process. They warned about danger. So there is a question in the "death in Rome" V. Köppen, and in Engelbert Reineek P. Shallyuk, and in the request of K. Gaysler, and in other books. In the "House without a host" it says that in the mouth of school teachers the word "Nazi" stopped sounding like something terrible. At all, in the novel "The eyes of a clown" - now no one no one surprises that former Nazis and former adaptents in the Nazi, rebuilt or even not replaced paintings, penetrate all spheres of the Bonn state - they are in industry, and in the government, they are engaged in The church affairs and the upbringing of young people, they are commanded in art, not to mention the Bundeswehr. If something else is surprising, then this is a hypocrisy, with what criminal past puts on a new mask. Hypocrisy he attacks his forehead, without reservations, as poster directly, and above all the hypocrisy of the clergy. Everything is here - a lie, everything is deception.

Böll is more openly illuminated and politically trendy in his books, which seems at first glance; No wonder the effect of them is usually strictly dated, and we can always find in them the exact challenges of time. In his own associative letter manner, these signs are never accidental, their impact on the reader is accurately calculated: and the fear of Hans Shnira in front of meetings with "half of the Germans of a certain age", which do not find anything "especially bad" in war or in murder; And the joy of an innocent old woman about the fact that her grandson came to the Bundeswehr - "He always knew where the right thing"; And I voting for the ruling party, "respectable spouse", which says as if he commands: "Fire!", All these signs, signs, for which you can immediately restore the whole. Never of social criticism in Böll's books did not ride such high floors of the official life of the country, up to the environment of the Chancellor, up to Adenauer and Erhard, whose paroding "is simply just". Never criticized Böll was so evil and merciless and such a comprehensive.

There is no Shnira around Hans, in essence, anyone, about whom could be said that he was given the sympathy of the author. The Labor Family of Vinenezov, an opposed family, in which Hans Schnir himself grew, moved away from the periphery of the action rather as a bright memory than as a real reality. "Older Derkuma," his father's beloved Marie, a consistent anti-fascist, the only man, whom Hans Schnir respected and loved, no alive, and people, even remotely similar to him, no in sight of Hans Shnira.

Hans Schnir is a new figure in the work of Böll. The story is his trust monologue: the victims of the failure and in his personal life, and on stage, Hans Shnire returns to his home, in search of help calls on the phone several acquaintances, talks to his father, and after a few hours, rejected by everyone, it goes to ask for alms On the streets of Bonna. With the society of Hans Schnir is in a state of open war, conscious of both parties. He has no reason to forget about his hate to the killer parents who, who, without thinking, would send their own and other people to die for the wrong business today. As for those who surround it, one thought about these Christian Pathers leads him to rabies. He is ready to strangle each of them. He thinks about how the Koster will hit, as will be ingestion of federal, how to illudit the calika, as will kill Zyupfner; He reflects that it is better to knock the Zommervilda statuette of Madonna, hit the picture in a heavy frame, hang on a rope woven from the canvas, in which the picture is drawn, or go to the Eternal City, steal from the Vatican Museum specifically for this purpose a valuable work of art from the Vatican Museum Bronze, gold or marble: "Aesthets, of course, best to kill with artistic values, so that the stumps and at a death minute, they indignant such abuse."

The author of the anti-Nazi and socio-critical novels "Where have you been, Adam?" (1951), "Billiards in half the tenth" (1959), "clown's eyes" (1963), "group portrait with a lady" (1971), which are distinguished by a depth of psychological analysis, acute ethical issues and humanism. Stories, autobiographical story "What happens to the boy ..." (1981), theatrical, television, and radio tracks, literary criticism. Nobel Prize (1972).

1. Biography

Heinrich Theodore Bell, German Proseca and Novelist was born on December 21 in Cologne, one of the largest cities in the Rhine Valley, in a large family of a master of masting articles from Viktor Bellya and Marie (Germans) Bell. Bell's ancestors fled from England in Henrich XIII: like all zealous Catholics, they were persecuted by the Anglican Church.

Heinrich Bell, 1981

After graduating from high school in Cologne Bell, writing poems and stories from early childhood, turned out to be one of the few students in the class not entered in Hitlergend. However, a year after graduation, the young man was attracted to forced labor work, and in 1939 it was called for military service. He served Belle Croral on the East and Western fronts, several times was injured and finally in 1945 he was captured to the Americans, after which she promoted several months in a camp for prisoners of war in southern France.

After returning to the hometown of Belle, there was a short time in the University of Cologne, then worked in the workshop of his father, in the city bureau of demographic statistics and did not stop writing.

In 1942, Bell married Anna Marie Czeh, who gave him two sons. Together with his wife, Belle translated into German, such American writers like Bernard Malamud and Sallinger.

At the time when Belle received the Nobel Prize, his books became widely known not only in Western, but also in East Germany, even in the Soviet Union, where several million copies of his works were sold out. At the same time, Bell played a prominent role in the activities of the Pen-Club, the International Writer Organization, through which he supported the writers who were oppressed in the countries of the communist regime. After Alexander Solzhenitsyn in G. was sent from the Soviet Union, he lived in Belly to Paris before his departure.

Bell died at the age of 67, being under the Bonn, visiting one of his sons on July 16, 1985

2. Creativity

Early Belly's stories in character are similar to the stories of many German authors of the late 1940s, they are superficial, merciless realistic portraits of small people "living in ruins of bombed cities.

In 1949 he was published and received a positive feedback Critics The first story of Bellya "Train exactly on the schedule" The story of a young soldier, who is waiting for a return to the front and ambulance. "The train came on time - this is the first work of Bell from a series of books, which describe the meaninglessness of war and the difficulty of post-war years, such" travelers will come when in Spa ... "1950)," Where were you, Adam? "1951) and" Bread of early years. All these books sound hot accusations of the horrors and chaos of war. The author's manner of Bell, who wrote simply and clearly, was focused on the revival of the German language after the pompous style of the Nazi regime.

Overlooking the Billiards in Halbzehn ("Billiard Um Halbzehn" ("Billiard Um Halbzehn" ("Billiard Um Halbzehn", 1959) from Trummer Literatur (Ruin Literature "), Bell tells about the family of famous Cologne architects. Although the effect of the novel is limited in just one day, thanks to the remniscovers and retreats in the novel, the novel is talking about three generations - the Panorama of the Roman covers the period from the last years of the Board of Kaiser Wilhelm in the prosperous new Germany of the 50th century "Billiards in half the tenth" is significantly different from earlier works of Bell - And not only the scale of the supply of material, but also formal complication. "This book," the German critic Henry Warp wrote, "gives a huge consolation to the reader, because it shows the effect of human love."

In the 60s, the works of Bell become composite even more complex. The action of the story "Eyes of Clown" ("ANSICHTEN EINES CLOWNS", 1963) is also occurring within one day, in the center of the story there is a guy who speaks by phone and on whose behalf of the narration; The hero prefers to play the role of a jester, just not to obey the hypocrisy of the post-war society. "Here we are confronted with the main topics of Bell: the Nazi past of representatives of the new power and the role of the Catholic Church in post-war Germany," the German critic Dietter wrote.

Entfernung Von Der Truppe (Entfernung Von der Truppe, 1964) and the "end of one business trip" ("Das Einer Dienstfahrt", 1966) is also opposing official authorities. A more voluminous and much more complex compared to previous works, the Roman "Group Portrait with the lady" ("GruppenBild Mit Dame", 1971) was written in the form of a report, consisting of interviews and documents about Lantage of Pfyffer, thanks to which the fates of sixty people are revealed. "Tracking the life of Lie Pfeiffer for half a century of German history," said American critic Richard Locke, Belle created a novel, chanting universal values. "

"A group portrait with a lady was mentioned during the award of Bell Nobel Prize (1972) obtained by a writer for creativity, which combines a wide coverage of reality with high art of character creation and which has become a significant contribution to the revival of German literature." This is a revival, "said The representative of the Swedish Academy of Karl Ragnar Girov is its speech, - comparable with the resurrection of the rebel from the ashes of culture, which seemed to be doomed to complete death, however, to our overall joy and benefits, gave new shoots. "

In the same year, when Belle helped Solzhenitsyn, he wrote a journalistic story "Die Verlorene Ehre Der Katharina Blum"), in which he made a sharp criticism of sales journalism. This is a story about the unfairly accused woman, who eventually kills the reporter, slandered it. In 1972, when the press was overflowed by materials about the terrorist group of Baader Mainehof, Belle writes the novel "under the conservation of care" ("Fursorgliche Blagerung". 1979), which describes the destructive social consequences that arise due to the need to strengthen security measures during the mass violence. Memories of early youth in Cologne "What will happen to a boy, or some business on the book part" ("WAS SOLL AUS DEM JUNGEN BLOSS WERDEN? ODER: IRGEND WAS MIT BOOCHER") came out in 1981

In the year of the death of Bell (1985), the most novel of the Writer "Soldier's Heritage" ("Das Vermachtnis") was published, which was written in, however, was published for the first time. The "Soldier's Heritage" tells about the bloody events that took place during the war in the area of \u200b\u200bthe Atlantic and Eastern Front. Despite the fact that a certain observation is felt in the novel, the American writer William Boyd, the "soldiers' heritage" is the work of mature and very significant: "Itifies the infined clarity and wisdom."

In their novels, stories, plays and essays, compiled. His name is named Herrich Bell Foundation in Germany.

3. Work

3.1. Novels

• Where were you, Adam? (Wo Warst Du, Adam?, 1951)
• And did not say a word ... (Und Sagte Kein Einziges Wort, 1953)
• House without a host (Haus Ohne Hter, 1953)
• Billiards in half the tenth (Billard Um Halbzehn, 1959)
• Group portrait with a lady (Gruppenbild Mit Dame, 1971)
• Thoughtful siege (Frsorgliche Belaagerung, 1979)
• Soldier Heritage (Das Vermchtnis, 1985)

3.2. Tale

• Train exactly on schedule (Der Zug War Pnktlich, 1949)
• Bread of early years (Das Brot Der Frhen Jahre, 1955)
• The eyes of a clown (Ansichten Eines Clowns, 1963)
• Lost Honor of Catharina Bloom (Die Verlorene Ehre Der Katharina Blum, 1974)
• What happens to the boy, or some business on the book part (Was Soll Aus Dem Jungen Bloss Werden? Oder: Iriend Was Mit Bchern, 1981)

3.3. Story

• Traveler, will come when in a spa ... (Wanderer, Kommst du Nach Spa, 1950)
• Unauthorized Otlitch (Entfernung Von Der Truppe, 1964)
• End of one business trip (Das Einer Dienstfahrt, 1966)

3.4. miscellanea

• Irish diary (Irlndisches TageBuch)

Literature

• Henry Bell in the Soviet Union 1952-1979 Essays of Reception Bell in the USSR and the bibliography of Russian editions of his writings and publications about him

HEINRICH BOLL)

(21.12.1917-16.07.1985)

Heinrich Böll was born in 1917 in Cologne and was an eighth child in the family. His father, Victor Böll, a hereditary chamber-chamber, and the ancestors from the mother - Rhine peasants and brewery.

The beginning of his life path is similar to the fate of many Germans, whose youth accounted for a period of political adversity and the second world war. After the end of the People's School, Heinrich was defined in the humanitarian Greco-Roman gymnasium. He was among those few gymnasists who refused to join the "Hitlergenda", and was forced to demolish the humiliation and ridicule of others.

After graduating from Gymnasia, Heinrich Böll abandoned the idea to go to the military service and enrolled the student in one of the Bonn bukinistic stores.

By the same time, the first pen samples. However, his attempt to escape from reality and plunge into the world of literature turned out to be unsuccessful. In 1938, a young man was mobilized to depart a labor service on the drainage of swamps and forestry.

In the spring of 1939, Heinrich Böll entered the University of Cologne. However, he failed to learn. In July 1939, he was called on the military fees of the Wehrmacht, and the war began in 1939.

Böll got into Poland, then to France, and in 1943 his part was sent to Russia. Then four serious injuries followed in a row. The front moved to the West, and Heinrich Böll nomaded in hospitals, full disgust for war and fascism. In 1945, he surrendered to the Americans.

After captivity, Böll returned to devastated Cologne. He again entered the university to learn German and philology. At the same time, worked as a utility worker in the carpentry workshop of his brother. Bell returned to his writer's experiments. In the August issue of the magazine "Carousel" for 1947, his first story "Message" was printed ("News"). Then followed the story "Train comes on time" (1949), a collection of stories "Wanderer when you come to Spa ..." (1950); novels "Where have you been, Adam?" (1951), "Not a single word" (1953), "House without a host" (1954), "Billiards in half the tenth" (1959), "the eyes of a clown" (1963); Tale of the "Bread of Early Years" (1955), "Unauthorized Otheka" (1964), "End of one business trip" (1966) and others in 1978 in Germany, the collected works of Bell in 10 tons. Works of the writer were translated into 48 world languages.

In Russian, Böll's story first appeared in the magazine "In defense of the world" in 1952.

Böll is an outstanding realist artist. War in the image of a writer is a world catastrophe, a disease of mankind, which humiliates and destroys the personality. For a small ordinary man, war means injustice, fear, flour, need and death. Fascism, on the thought of the writer, the ideology inhuman and gelathing, he provoked the tragedy of the world as a whole and the tragedy of a separate person.

The works of Böll is characterized by a subtle psychologist, revealing the controversial inner world of his characters. It follows the traditions of classics of realistic literature, especially F.M.Dostoevsky, to whom Böll dedicated the scenario of the TV film "Dostoevsky and Petersburg".

In later works, Böll increasingly raises sharp moral problems growing from critical understanding of the modern society to him.

The peak of international recognition was its election in 1971 by the President of the International Pen-Club and the award of the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1972. However, these events testified not only about the recognition of the artistic talent Bell. The outstanding writer was perceived in German itself, and in the world as the conscience of the German people, as a person, acutely felt "his concern of time and contemporaries," deeply perceived someone else's pain, injustice, everything that humiliates and destroys the human person. Each page of literary creativity Bell and every step of his social activity is imbued with a conquering humanism.

Heinrich Böll is organically not accepting any violence from the authority, believing that it leads to the destruction and deformation of society. Numerous publications, critical articles and performances of Böll end of the 70s - early 80s are devoted to this problem, as well as the two of its last big novels "Thoughtful Siege" (1985) and "Women on the background of a river landscape" (posthumously in 1986) .

Such a position of Belyl, his creative manner and commitment to realism always caused interest in the Soviet Union. He repeatedly visited the USSR, nor in one country of the world Heinrich Bell did not use such love as in Russia. "Valley of the cutting hooves", "Billiards in half the tenth", "bread of early years", "the eyes of a clown" - all this was translated into Russian until 1974. In June 1973, the "New World" completed the publication of the "group portrait with the lady". And on February 13, 1974, Bell met at the airport sent A. Solzhenitsyn and invited home. It was the last straw, although Belle's human rights activities were engaged earlier. In particular, I was engaged in I. Broodsky, V. Sinyavsky, Y. Daniel, outraged by Russian tanks on the streets of Prague. For the first time after a long break, Heinrich Bell was published in the USSR on July 3, 1985. And on July 16, he died.

In the biography of the Böll-writer, relatively little external events, it consists of literary work, trips, books and performances. It belongs to those writers who write one book all their lives - the chronicle of their time. He was called the "Chronist of the Epoch", "Balzak of the Second German Republic", "Consideration of the German People".

Last time in the USSR

The story about how Henry Bell came to us in 1979

Alexander Birger

This text lay down the basis of the German documentary "Heinrich Bell: under the Red Star", where Alexey Birger acted as a "cross-cutter" leader. The premiere of the film on German television took place on November 29, 1999, and in Moscow the film could see in the House of Cinema on December 13, 1999 - he was presented from Germany to the Stalker Film Festival .

Heinrich Bell last visited the Soviet Union in 1979, arrived for ten days.

It so happened that I witnessed many events related to this visit. Witness, who got the opportunity to see a lot and remember a lot, I was because my father, artist Boris Georgievich Birger, was one of the nearest Russian friends Heinrich Bell.

In order to understand why Bellya waited in the USSR, not a very kind reception, you need to know some circumstances.

Officially Belle remained a "progressive" German writer, the laureate of the Nobel Prize, one of the most significant people in the International Pen Club (where he was for a long time and president) - because of this, because of his worldwide glory and the meanings of any of his words for everything The world is visible, and they were afraid to refuse an entry visa. But by the time Bell had already managed to "lie down" before the Soviet ideology.

The writer sharply performed in a number of articles and statements against the entry of Soviet tanks in Czechoslovakia. To judge what happened when the "Prague Spring" is suppressed, he could, as no one, because he was pleased to be in Prague just at the time of the invasion of the warsaw troops. Perhaps the humanity of Bell's position turned out to be an additional insult for our authorities: in one of the essays about Seen Bell wrote, as he is sorry for Russian soldiers, drawn into this dirty story for nothing, led many facts, which shock turned out to be for the ordinary army composition Detect with dawn, that they are not on the "maneuvers", as they were announced, but in the role of invaders in a foreign country. Bell told Belle and about the suicide cases known to him among Soviet soldiers.

Among a lot, because of what the tooth into Bell sharpened, it is possible to recall such a fact: the authorities of the Union of Writers have gained the authorities in every way and herself, so that he agrees to accept the Union of Writers in Pen-Club "by collective member "That is, that each adopted in the Writers' alliance will simultaneously receive membership in the Pen-Club, and all sorts of Writers who excluded from the Union would lose this membership. Bell is not even with indignation, but with a big surprise rejected this nonsense, after which many writing (and, it seems, not only writer) "aces" taped him with a ludoying malice.

Belle damage the interests of the writer's mafia not only by refused to hold it into members of the Pen Club. A rather sharp explanation with the Union of Writers and Waap occurred at Bell with the participation of Konstantin Bogatyreva, his close friend, a wonderful translator from the German and human rights activist. Bogatyrev was killed with very mysterious circumstances, and Bell was going to visit his grave. The death of Bogatyreva was associated with his human rights activities. But there was another moment. Shortly before the death of Bogatyrev conducted a thorough analysis of the Russian translations of Bellya (how much I remember, at the request of Bell himself - but it would be necessary to clarify the people who were directly involved in this story) and some of the gross distortions and reinforcement of copyright scored on forty pages of the rootless text! So, as a result of these distortion, "the eyes of a clown" turned from an anticleric novel into an anti-erliamentary, atheistic, and a number of other works were generally turned inside out.

Belle was furious and demanded that his things in this form in the Soviet Union are not published. Naturally, this requirement of the author was not fulfilled, but the blood of our bins this explanation with an indispensable Bellel sweat a lot. Not to mention the fact that the scandal turned out to be international and badly damaged the Renome "Soviet school of translation - the best and professional school in the world" (which, by the way, it was close to the truth, when the case concerned the translations of the classics and "ideologically harmless" things). Many authors became dangerous to look at: and they are too urged them in Soviet translations.

It should be borne in mind that the work not only with the "ideologically slippery", but in general, with living western authors, the Soviet state tried to allow translators in which it was "confident". That is, the translators passed the same screening as all other citizens who had to communicate with the people of the Western world by the nature of the activity. Exceptions were rare.

A simple requirement to comply with respect to the author's text Bell and Bogatyrev, the foundations of the system that implied a lot, including full control over communication with Western people and, in what form, Western ideas should reach the Soviet people.

When writers and translators begin to live according to the laws of the special services (and most importantly, according to the laws of "Nomenclature"), then the ways of solving problems they choose those that are characteristic of special services. And the fact that Bell announced in all the main goals of his arrival in the Soviet Union - to put on the grave of Konstantin Bogatyrev and worship the blue of one of the nearest friends, could not fail.

It is quite enough to give the concept of a common background, in which Heinrich Bell, his wife Annamari, their son Raymond and the wife of the Son Gaide left the aircraft to the international department of Sheremetyevo airport on Monday, July 23, 1979.

We, meeting, was visible a customs rack, followed by Bagle's luggage. It was a real "Shmon" with several paradoxical results. Bellya seized the latter, which he read on the road, the number of Spiegel magazine with a photo of Brezhnev on the cover, concluding that there is a photo of Brezhnev, it means that something anti-Soviet, but not noticed and missed and missed The German language of the book of Lev Copelleva is one of the forbidden then authors.

Belli stopped in a new building at the "National" hotel, and, having stupid a little, went for dinner, which in their honor arranged Moscow friends. Dinner was held in a very glorious elderly woman, whom everyone called the Teddy bear. As far as I understood from conversations, she was an ethnic German, a camps took place, and by that time became an active participant in the Russian-German cultural bridge, whose main architects were Belle and Copellev, both of her big friends.

There was a conversation and that Henry Bell, then heavily diabetics (and not only diabetics - diabetes was only one, although the main, "flower" in a large bouquet of diseases, drugs from which sometimes mutually exclusive), need to comply with a strict diet , as well as a mandatory binding time between meals and drug intake, as it happens in diabetics on insulin injections. Family Belli is not what doubted, but asked if Henry would be able to provide such food in a hotel or need to take care of safety options?

The next day, some plans had to be corrected, because it became obvious that the authorities strongly seek to demonstrate Bell discontent with his arrival and its plans, and the circle of communication scheduled for this arrival, and resort to a fairly strong psychological nazome, sometimes more similar to Psychological terror. From the very morning, the Bello family "led" openly, frankly trying to be blushing to notice surveillance. Black "Volga" with the antennas sticking and induced in their direction (so that there is no doubt that all the conversations are eaten and recorded) constantly spitted. We went to Izmailovo, in the Father's workshop, where Belle very carefully looked at the pictures that had not yet seen. Bell hit thoughtfulness and concentration when he peered into another canvas, somehow not even immersion in the world of painting, but by dissolving in this world, deep penetration into the artist's images. At such moments, his similarity with the old wise leader of the elephant herd became even more clear.

From the workshop we went to dine in the Father's apartment on Mayakovskaya, deciding after dinner a little walk through the garden ring, and from there move to Taganka, watch the Kratytsky Teremok and Andronikov Monastery. Machines accompanied us all the time, duty under the windows when we had dinner, and when we walked around the garden ring, so that the area of \u200b\u200bthe uprising (now Kudrinskaya) turn to the FLAY, along the edge of the sidewalk next to us very slowly crawled the black "Volga" with nominated and directed into our side the antennas. This mockery of the unlaced surveillance was so unbearable, which suddenly Vladimir Winovich, formerly from us from the morning, in general, a person was very discreet, sharply cut his conversation with Bellel, jumped to "Volga", the jerk opened her door and began to fit on it The light stands, shouting, that this is a shame for the whole country and how they are not ashamed. Everything was slightly twisted, and then we and the Father managed to drag the Winovich from the car. I must say, people in the car sat all this time, not lying and looking at our side.

The provocations walked along the growing, and a characteristic example - how everyone was exacerbated by the troubles with dietary and regulatory powered. In the first morning, Belli almost an hour, which is called, "was woven" at the entrance to the restaurant "National". They had the full opportunity to see an empty hall and hear that the tables were not yet ready and therefore cannot be served. It should be noted that before descending to breakfast, Bell took his medicine and made an insulin injection. So the case could end bad in the first day of stay Bell in Moscow.

At some point, a man approached Bell and turned to him in German, saying that he was also the hotel hotel, and asked if he was mistaken by learning the famous writer. Belle replied that his interlocutor was not mistaken, and explained his situation. "Oh, so you still do not know the local order! - answered the learned Bell German. - You just need to know that as soon as the Metrotel receives ten rubles, the table will appear at the same second."

There was just arriving Copelle, at first glance, who understood the situation and climbed Belle with him.

Such a decomposition in the Inturist system was observed at every step. Employees of this sphere extorted money and bribes in a different form, where only possible, having spoiled for fear of any "authorities", before the opportunity to run into the disguised staff member of the KGB - for extortion from foreigners, it could be fun soaked in such a way that he would have dropped long.

So, the Belli family was going to visit Vladimir and Suzdal, and for this it was necessary to receive a special permission. To the lady, who ends with the issuance of these permits, Belle came accompanied by Copelleva. Lada Gmuro blocked that permissions are issued in two weeks, which is still needed to decide who to give them, and who does not have, and that her birthday is in general today, she is in a hurry and can do all of them. Copellev asked her to wait five minutes, quickly dragged Bell into the reservoir shop at the hotel and poked his finger into the tights, the bottle of spirits and something else. Bell grew up about the fact that it will be elapsed before the late bribe and in general it is uncomfortable to give a woman such a rubbish from a stranger. Copellev objected that everything is convenient and for her it is not rubbish. Five minutes later they returned to this lady, and Copellev with a charming smile said: "Sorry, we did not know that you have a birthday. But let you congratulate you." Five minutes later, a special permission to travel the entire Belle family to Vladimir and Suzdal was on their hands.

On the golden ring

Departure to Suzdal was scheduled for the morning on July 29. For the remaining days, Bell has fully implemented the program. He recorded a conversation with Copelle for German television (the text of this conversation was published in the "light" of recreation time), visited two dinners in his honor - from Vasily Aksenova (where Literary circles and, in particular, the first thunderstorms have already fallen The discharges participants in the Almanach "Metropol") and the employee of the West German Embassy, \u200b\u200bDoris Shank, went to the grave of Bogatyreva (rose from there to the grave of Pasternak, and then visited the family of Pasternakov and Ivanov in the writer's village of Transmekino), visited Zagorsk and spent a few more meetings - for example, My father showed him a sculptor workshop ...

All this happened on a monotonous-painful and annoying background of all the same permanent surveillance and minor provocations. What was anxious - "Direction of the main strike" of these provocations was increasingly evaluated: Bell's Health. Several times he was disappeared under various pretexts the opportunity to eat after the adoption of drugs and insulin injection - and this could have to end as much as good, right up to the diabetic coma. Especially indicative was the trip to Zagorsk. Since the reception time of drugs and food was strictly painted, we agreed that on the way back of Bell, having accepted medicines and making a dam, would stop dinner at the dacha at Vyacheslav Grabar in the village of academics near Abramtsevo (just about the middle of the road between Zagorsk and Moscow).

When they left Zagorsk, Bell accepted the medicine on the clock and made an injection, and the driver of a special inturist car was asked to wrap at the cottage. The driver categorically refused, explaining his refusal by the fact that Abramtsevo goes beyond the 50-kilometer zone around Moscow and therefore for the entry of there foreigners also need a special permission, and Belle is permission only to Zagorsk ... With all the formal grounds, there were two blatants in this refusal. Strangeness: First, the probabilities of the stop in Abramtsevo were prevented by persons who gave Belle permission to a trip to Zagorsk; Secondly, all the villas of cooperative villages of scientific and creative workers around the famous Museum-estate Abramtsevo are located in the belt from the 52nd to the 56th kilometer, and never (in cases with other foreign guests) did not pay attention to a minor exceeding 50-kilometer zones.

The end of this trip turned into a full nightmare. Bell in the car began to become worse and worse, he was in a state close to the loss of consciousness, it was hardly brought to the place where it was possible to stop and snack.

The repetition of such episodes in itself in itself was alarmed and caused the most serious concerns.

Accompany Bells in Vladimir and Suzdal had my father, the wife of Natasha's father and me. I say "in Vladimir and Suzdal", not "in Vladimir and Suzdal", because we could not go with them. According to the rules, a foreign guest, who received permission to visit some kind of far away from Moscow, was supposed to be, if he did not fly by the plane and did not move in a special car, pay there and back a separate coupe in the nearbeard - "Inturovsky" coupe, according to Inturovsky " Prices, completely dissimilar to ordinary. And - "not to enter into extra contacts" during the path to the place, to the visit of which permission has been issued. Due to all these reasons, a joint road was ordered to us. Therefore, we went to Vladimir on the train.

It was Sunday morning, the train was a bit of the first change to the "bags" who left Moscow, unfortunate people, it is not clear how they have dragged the huge mountains of food reserves, at least for a week.

In Suzdal, the Father Valentine Father Valentin met us, all for us already established. During the years of restructuring, he was scandalous because of his transition along with all the advent of the foreign Orthodox Church. The whole scandal rose due to the refusal of Valentine's father to write "reports" to the Higher Church Guidelines on Meetings with Foreigners.

Father Valentine refused to write reports for many years, but for some reason, only in the era of mature perestroika, this question achieved such an acute thing that was put in front of Father Valentin Rib.

But "black tags" against the name of Father Valentine copied, of course, has long been. And for sure it can be said that he was obliged to several "black tags" during the arrival of Belli in Suzdal.

We have lunch from him, waited a little and, having embarked on the clock that Belli should already be in place, went to the inturist hotel complex, where they agreed to meet with them.

Performance for writer

It is impossible not to say about the strong and indestructible feeling of something wrong, which somehow immediately arrived from dull, worshipers and desert corridors of dull color, more like petrified intestines, from the total concrete atmosphere, in which we plunged. We walked on these corridors, it seemed to be infinite, turned one way, to another, finally found the number of Belle and learned that they arrived almost two hours ago and immediately went to dine. We were embarrassed so long dinner, and we rushed into the hall of the restaurant.

The scene we caught there is difficult to describe. Empty restaurant hall. Deaf light over it. Family Belli sits behind a blank table. The writer is pale, but tries not to show how he is bad. (His expressive wrinkled face often seemed to me emitting the light, which comes from the old, wise experience and cultivated the calm understanding of the leader of the elephant herd: as he glanced, as he listened to the interlocutor attentively, slightly putting the lower lip and sometimes frozen Cigarette. In difficult minutes, this expression is an expression of respectful to other internal concentrations - it became sharper and more distinct). On the faces of the remaining family members, a wide variety of feelings were reflected. Anxiously looked even sacrificing to seem a serene and smiling wife Bell.

Nearby, two young people were sitting on the neighboring table, forced by indulgence and bottles, the two young people were already (in appearance, in any case), with a membered membrane with them, and a friendly metallone. Young people were Soviet that some were struck by us. (Who remembers those times, he knows that the entrance to the inturist restaurant is ordered by a simple Soviet person). Slightly the weather, we learned that young people appeared almost simultaneously with Bellym and Metrotel MiG rushed to serve them, without paying any attention to Bell.

When my father fiercely jumped to him, demanding to explain what is happening, and immediately submit a dinner to foreign guests, he turned his back, so we have not seen his face. He also dismissed so that we did not hear a single word. Then he began to get out the barrel-barrel from the hall. Here the father caught up and said: "Listen! You do not really imagine, against whom you play this performance! In front of you, Henry Bell, the famous writer, Nobel Prize winner, Pen-Club President."

I must say, for those days, we all had to repeat this phrase the countless number of times, in various circumstances, and if she worked in a conventional restaurant, the museum, and so on, then on inturist officials it made a small impression.

Metrotel did not answer anything and the faces did not turn, but I had a little on the side, it seemed that he was bluffed. He even fastened to get out of the hall. Father asked me not to miss him out of sight, while he tries to calm Bellee and decide with them, should not move immediately to the Father Valentina, to eat there normally. I set out for the Metrotel, I don't really understand what I can do if he becomes surprised in office space, but, having decided to be his uncomfortable and relentless shadow. But the Metrotel did not go. He dived in the semblance of a glazed booth at the hall - a sort of snack with a table, armchairs and telephone. When I hit him, he spit in his hands the handset. I do not know if I already called somewhere, or I wanted to call, but he thought. Seeing me, he put the phone, left the snack and returned to the hall. A waiter appeared at the restaurant's doors, who Metrotel quietly gave orders, after which Bellee served quickly and efficiently (and, judging by the completely abandonment by the moment Bell, very in time).

We took Belle to the evening walk and agreed with them that all the time remaining in Suzdal, they would have a father from Valentina's father, and in the hotel to appear as little as possible, just to spend the night.

Day with Father Valentin

The next day we spent with Father Valentin. He, together with Bellya, have had breakfast, dinner and dinner, he also spent us and Suzdal, wonderfully showing the whole city.

Belle was interested in Father Valentine, what the population of Suzdal lives.

"And the cunes," said Father Valentine, "that they can, grow on the gardens for sale for themselves." There was an easy dispute, how to translate into the German word "cunechiki". Finally, the father in the catch of inspiration fell out: "Gurkisten!" - And the Belle family slept, everything was completely understood.

In general, I was interested in a lot of things to talk to the Father Valentin, he asked him about church affairs, about how the Father Valentine himself, being a priest, belongs to one or another issues. I remember his question about how in the conditions of Soviet reality the church understands the words "all power from God," and a very interesting response of Father Valentina. I do not bring this piece of conversation, because, it seems to me that only the Father Valentine must be told about this, there is no longer poliding to reproduce inaccurately.

Unfortunately, these conversations were interrupted all the time with numerous invasions. Different and strange people appeared in the doorway and argued that they need to sit in the Father Valentine to talk to his souls. He all politely, but firmly exhibited, internally increasingly glowing. When he went to open the door to the next call, somewhere after lunch, it was already pretty angry. We heard that this time he says quite sharply. He returned to the gloomy, sighed and said: "I put up the stukcha, - then it repeatedly crossed himself and added to another voice, - Forgive me, Lord, for these words ..."

It turned out that this time one of the representatives of the Russian Orthodox Church in the United Nations was torn - the person with whom Father Valentin has been friends just many years ago, before leaving Togo to America to a permanent job. And now this man desperately convinced his father Valentine, which, unexpectedly appearing for several days in the Soviet Union, really wants to spend the whole day with an expensive father Valentin, so first and came to him ...

Given all the circumstances, I can firmly say: Father Valentin has turned himself to the shield that tightly covered the Belli family from many stroke during their stay in Suzdal.

The next day, on Tuesday, July 31, from early morning I took the Belle family from the hotel and led them to the house of Father Valentine. Two taxis were ordered to get to Vladimir, see the city and take the train. Father Valentin proudly told us that he got up at five in the morning to make his unmatched meat balls in a Russian oven - generally the cook Father Valentine was fantastic (such and now stayed, rising to the Archbishop Sana).

When we had breakfast and have come a taxi, the father of Valentine's eyes were rounded: these were the cars of the "special order", without coaching and with dowel curtains with counters. Although Father Valentine ordered a taxi to his address and did not expect any special machines.

We drove to Vladimir through the Church of the Intercession on Nerlie. A kilometer for two from the church was something like a blocking road of the barrier - a long clouded beam, guarded so clutched in a shawl and shaved aunt that it was impossible to determine its age. As it turned out, the road ordered to block the chairman of the collective farm: he believed that numerous tourist cars and buses spoil the fields. From here it was necessary to go on foot. No persuasion on the aunt acted. When she was explained that Henry Bell had sick legs and he would simply won't pass such a distance on off-road (on returning from the USSR, Bell had to make an amputation of both feet), she knew his own: "The chairman ordered, and I don't know anything else." Suddenly, one of the chauffeys, said, said: "Yes, you are looking at yourself! All the non-robbed, the face has shied, and I have foreigners in the car, and foreigners have cameras. Now it will click you - you will be nice if your picture is in such a way in Western The log will appear? " The aunt thought a little, but the feminine began in it clearly reconciled. She drove, raised the barrier and said: "go."

Bell himself hit the church in the lens of cameras. At the same time, a group of tourists spoken in German (from GDR, as it turned out) was approached. One of them saw Bell, chopped, then timidly approached and asked uncertainly if he could take a photo of his beloved writer. Bell smiled and said: "You can". He moved to remove Bell on the background of the church, and pressed the button several times. Forwards, the rest of the tourists rushed to us, pulling the devices on the go. For some time, Bell was surrounded by solid clocks and photo posts.

From there, we went to Vladimir, looked at the city and moved to the station Square, where Belle was to meet with the return tickets of the lady from Inturist to put them in a coupe passing through Vladimir. There we were waiting for the most amazing surprise. Having met Bellow Dama reported that Inturist could not take jewel tickets, so four tickets were purchased for a regular train, which she hands. With that, she instantly focused.

All this does not climb into any gate. The ride in the stroke train was banned by all the rules governing the movement of foreigners outside the fiftieth far-meter zone around Moscow. For such "amateur", the employees of the Inturist could easily lose their jobs (at least if not worse). And if when traveling to Zagorsk, these rules were kept so strictly that Bell did not give dinner, then why were they so rude so rude? In addition, the tickets were in advance, in Moscow, ordered and paid - how could they evaporate? And they were paid in dollars - and the dollar "reservation" for tickets is always valid for tickets always acted, and on this "armor" tickets were abundant.

To top it all when Bell stood, confused in the hands of the train tickets, from the cash register, Father Valentine appeared, calmly and without any queue that took the checkout tickets to all of us so that we at least drove in one with Bellai train, if not in one car ! Here we are all the more dumbfounded.

(I must say that, returning to Moscow, Bell recovered $ 50 from Inturist for unpovers; let it be not the whole amount, but still Belle considered it terrible revenge and was very pleased with himself.)

We went to the platform to the train. What we saw there was terrified all. Even Bell was first rounded their eyes. Perron - Although on a weekday, it was hammered by people taking into Moscow for products. As soon as the train, like this crowd, knocking each other with the legs, rushed into the opened doors, instantly scoring even tambura. It became clear that with the next train will be the same. And that the sick person can not go to such an electric train, even if you can put it in it.

While we were sticking out on the platform, not knowing what to do, Father Valentin took the most active action. At first, he turned to the dispatching booth when parking a taxi, it is impossible to place an urgent order for two cars to travel to Moscow. Baba dispatcher simply spacing Valentine's father, not believing with him Sanom: they say, the order for trips outside the Vladimir region must be issued at least per day, and let him not try to bypass existing rules! Then Father Valentine from the nearest taxophone called the authorized on the affairs of religions of the Vladimir region (a very large position in Soviet times). Father Valentine had the impression that he was waiting for his call in advance. On the first words about the trouble with the famous writer Bellel and the need to organize an authorized car for him replied that now she will try to come up with something.

And invented surprisingly quickly. Literally in five minutes, one of the black "Volga", who gave us from Suzdal to Vladimir, stood on the station Square, near the platform itself. The second, as the driver explained (the most merryman who drew the aunt from the barrier), has already set off to perform another task ... Imagine our amazement when one of the chauffeur arose in the Suzdal of "special" cars at the time of our highest confusion. "What, could not sit on the train? So let me take our guests directly to Moscow!" We explained to him that the car is only one, we do not fit into it, but we will only go together together. The driver objected that this problem was solved - it is necessary to take one of those taxis that they stand on the attractive parking lot. Valentine's father came up with him that the trip would be from the Vladimir region ... The chauffeur replied that this was also not a problem, went to the first of the drivers in the parking lot. "Will you go to Moscow?" - "Yes, I would be happy," he answered (still not with joy, because the trip would cost at least 50 rubles). Our chauffeur led the taxi driver to the dispatchboard, and they came out from there just a few seconds: the dumbfounded taxi driver kept permission to travel outside the Vladimir region, which, to his amazement, was given to him without a single question and without swearing. We safely despair and reached Moscow without further adventures.

PARTING

In Moscow, Bell spent two days filled with the same inconspicuous amount of cases, solemn lunches and dinners and permanent "accompaniment", as before departure to Suzdal. But now Belle was constantly in sight. Copellev either my father, or someone else's friends were undeveloped with it, Food Belle mostly had friends, all by the time they had established, so for any unpleasant episodes and provocations, large and small, there were no space.

On August 3, we accompanied Belli at Sheremetyevo Airport. Distribution of a woman who fluttered with a tourist group to Hungary was held at the next rack. She accompanied her chunky peasant of middle-aged, looking quite solid, confident. On his chest, he dangled a card of a journalist accredited at the Olympics of the Peoples of the USSR.

A customer with a pretty squeamish look removed from the suitcase of a woman Baton sausages and buckwheat stack: "It is impossible. Not supposed." The woman tried to protest, find out why it is impossible, and her faithful - her husband or a close friend - went for the barrier, who stood, went to the rack and also tried to explain to the customs officer. She did not listen to him, but immediately screamed something similar to the famous Bulgakovskoye "Palosic!"

"Paloich" appeared (we will call it like this) - a very high and very flat man, so flat and thin, that his profile seemed rudely carved from a piece of brownish cardboard, sticking out of a bluish uniform with great than the customs, the number of all sorts of stars and stripes . Just looking at the situation and not becoming in detail, he immediately shouted on a man: "What are you doing here? And well, I went!"

And the man submissively hurried to get out, having belched a sausage and buckwheat.

This episode with a humiliation of a person produced almost a shock impression on Bell and added a lot to his understanding of what our country lived and breathed.

There were also wonderful meetings that showed Bellyam that the attitude towards them of the authorities and stuck power did not have anything in common with the attitude towards them of the majority, which is Russia. On the day before leaving Belle, I and the Father led Raymond and Guide in the Don Monastery. I remember, we looked open at the time in the Flegene's exhibition of Gonzago, when a young restorer came up to us, who became interested, having heard German speech. And having learned that before him, Bell's son and that Bell himself is now in Moscow, the restorer could not hold back emotions. Belle is his favorite writer, he explained, and he constantly carries with him and reread some of the books Belly. After drowing the book, which was at it at that moment ("valley of cutting hooves" or "Billiards in half the tenth", I do not remember exactly), he asked if Bell would be imprisoned. Raymond took the book, and his father left his restorers.

Already after leaving Bell, the restorer called, drove to his father and took the inscribed instance. And at that moment the restorer began to offer to show all the Museum's stacks where he can spend us, and we looked many interesting things. Raymond, the sculptor and architect himself, and very talented (he was already incurably sick and, it seems, it knew; he lived after that very long, and his death was for Henry Bell the hardest blow), began to enthusiastically discuss professional problems with the restorer. After that, we went to dine on the terrace of the restaurant "Prague" with the so-called winter garden, where we managed to fix a few unfavorable impression produced on the Belli service "Inturist". Oddly enough, both the Metrotel, and the waiters, and even it seems that the Swiss "Prague" knew who Heinrich Bell was served just wonderful.

Here, perhaps, all I wanted to tell - it is better to tell other people about many other people.

But one thing I know for sure: Bell never doubted that all the troubles, with him what had happened, had nothing to do with Russia and her people.

The work of the German writer Henry Bell is almost completely devoted to the topic of war and the post-war life of Germany. His works immediately gained fame, began to be printed in many countries of the world, and in 1972 the writer was awarded the Nobel Prize "for creativity, which combines the wide coverage of reality with high art of creating characters and which was a significant contribution to the revival of German literature."
The first compilation of the author, consisting of stories and stories, "Wanderer when you come to the spa ..." is dedicated to the tragic fate of young German guys, which right from school benches had to go to the front. This topic continues to develop in later cycles of prose "When the war began" and "when the war ran out." Going to larger epic forms, Heinrich creates its first novels about the war: "The train came on time" and "Where were you, Adam?".
From 1939 to 1945, Heinrich Bell was a soldier of the Hitler's army. His evidence as a front-line writer has a high degree of reliability. When the question arose about the edition of his novel "Where were you, Adam?" In Russia, the writer approved the publication of his work under one cover with the story of Viktor Nekrasov "In the trenches of Stalingrad", in which the war is shown through the eyes of the young Russian lieutenant.
The action of the novel "Where were you, Adam?" It happens in 1945, when the Germans were already clear that the war was lost. German troops are retreating, evacuation is wounded. Bell shows broken, exhausted people, whom "Cursed War" made indifferent to apathy. The war brought them only sorrow, longing and hatred for those who sent them to fight. The characters of the work are already clear the meaninglessness of the war, they are internally acquired and do not want to die for Hitler. These deceived and unfortunate sacrifices are opposed in the novel "Mistowers of Death", for whom the war is to hold and satisfy the manic thirst for power over the world.
The narration flows slowly, even sluggish - it creates a feeling of hopelessness. The final episode of the novel shakes the reader with his tragedy. The hero of Roman Finehals, finally, being in his hometown, smiling from happiness, goes to the parent home, on which a huge white flag is posted. The soldier learns a festive tablecloth in it, which he once stripped on the mother's table. At this time, the gun shelling begins. Breaking through to the house, Finehals repeats: "Madness, what madness!" In his eyes, "the sixth shell hit the fronton house - down bricks flew down, the plaster fell on the sidewalk, and he heard how the mother screamed in the basement. He quickly crawled to the porch, heard the approaching whistle of the seventh projectile and shouted in a deadly meal. He shouted for a few seconds, felt suddenly, that he was not so easy to die, shouted loudly, while shell did not catch him and, dead, threw a native home on the threshold. "
Heinrich Bell one of the first German writers raised the problem of guilt and rulers, and the people of Germany for the unleashed world war. The writer argued that the war could not be an excuse for anyone.
In the subsequent work, Belle spoke about the attitude towards fascism, described the post-war destroy in Germany and those times when they began to raise the head new fascists trying to revive the cult of Hitler. One of the exciting writer questions is the issue of the future country.
Although the effect of Belly's novels "and did not say a single word", "House without a host", "billiards in half the tenth", "group portrait with a lady" occurs in post-war Germany, the war is invisibly present in them, her curse is on the heroes. The war can not forget the Germans whose fathers, brothers, husbands killed somewhere in distant Russia. Forgetting her former boys, whose youth passed under bullets in the trenches, - such as a wonderful writer, courageous and honest German bell.