Grammar in German for beginners. German grammar. Unions in a complex sentence

As advice: To begin with, deal only with what is on this kilometer page. Do not hurry to move on the links with the title " More details".

Yes, it can be aesthetically unclear. But you will see immediately that the volume you want to swallow, so as not to be suppressed and not to poison German.

And only then, after they learned this page and understood it, applied in practice, heard structures in a conversation, read in the book, you can return and work out links. But only on the topic that is really unclear.

For example, Denken is to think. It goes the end of -en, instead it is added:


Schlafen.
ICH schlaf + E.
Du schläfst.
ER, SIE, ES schläft.
Wir. schlaf + En.
Ihr. schlaf + T.
sie, Sie. schlaf + En.

Fahren.
ICH fahr + E.
Du fährst.
ER, SIE, ES fährt.
Wir. fahr + En.
Ihr. fahr + T.
sie, Sie. fahr + En.

Verbs with separated consoles

The detachable includes: aB-, AN-, AUF-, AUS-, EIN-, EMPOR-, VORBEI-, ZURÜCK-, FEST-, FREI-, HOCH-.

Looking for verbs with a separated console

fern Sehen - watch TV

Fernsehen.
ICH sEH + E FERN
Du siehst Fern.
ER, SIE, ES sieht Fern.
Wir. sEH + En Fern
Ihr. sEH + T Fern
sie, Sie. sEH + En Fern

an Fangen: - Start

Anfangen.
ICH fang + E An
Du fängst AN.
ER, SIE, ES fängt AN.
Wir. fang + en an
Ihr. fang + T An
sie, Sie. fang + en an

Verbs with intendable consoles

The inseparable includes: bE-, EMP-, ENT-, ER-, GE-, HINTER-, MISS-, VER-, ZER-.

Hiding verbs with an intense console

be kommen - get

Bekommen.
ICH bekomm + E.
Du bekomm + St.
ER, SIE, ES bekomm + T.
Wir. bEKOMM + EN.
Ihr. bekomm + T.
sie, Sie. bEKOMM + EN.

vER SUCHEN - Try, try

Versuchen
ICH versuch + E.
Du versuch + St.
ER, SIE, ES versuch + T.
Wir. versuch + En.
Ihr. versuch + T.
sie, Sie. versuch + En.

Separated (under stress) and intense (unstressed) consoles

dURCH-, ÜBER-, UM-, UNTER-, WIEDER-, WIDER-

Modal verbs: I want, I can, I can ...

dürfen. sOLLEN. müssen. können. mögen. wollen. möchten.
allowed
do something
have right		 should
(soft)		 should
(order)		 be able to
be able to		 like to want would like
iCH darf. soll. muss. kann. mag. wILL möchte.
du darfst. sollst. musst. kannst. mAGST. willst. möchtest.
eR / SIE / ES darf. soll. muss. kann. mag. wILL möchte.
wir. dürfen. sOLLEN. müssen. können. mögen. wollen. möchten.
Ihr. dürft. sollt. müsst. könnt. mögt. wollt. möchtet.
Sie / Sie. dürfen. sOLLEN. müssen. können. mögen. wollen. möchten.

The modal verb is in second place (in a modified form), and the semantic verb at the very end before the point.

Ich Muss Heute Deutsch Lernen. - I must learn German today.
Ich Will Heute Mit Dir Nicht Sprechen. - I do not want to talk to you today.

Verb be - sein

Ordinals

1- DER, DIE, DAS ERSTE!
2 - DER, DIE, DAS ZWEITE!
3 - DER, DIE, DAS DRITTE!
19 - Der, Die, Das Neunzehnte
20 - Der, Die, Das Zwanzigste
22 - DER, DIE, DAS ZWEIUNDZWANZIGSTE

Holding pronouns - my, yours, her, our

Question: Wessen - Whose, whose, whose?

Pade

Kasus.
Nominativ. Wer? WAS? (who what)
Genitiv Wessen? (whose whose whose)
Dativ WEM? (to whom)
Akkusativ. Wen? WAS? (who, what)

I - me - me, you - you - you and so on ...

Nominativ. iCH du eR sie. es wir. ihr. sie. Sie.
i you is he she is it we you they are You
Dativ mir. dir. ihm. ihr. ihm. uns. eUCH ihnen. Ihnen.
to me you his to her his us you them You
Akkusativ. mich. dich ihn. sie. es uns. eUCH sie. Sie.
me you his her this is us you them You

MAN - 3 l. Etherwise

mAN SAGT - Say
MAN DENKT - Think
Man Trinkt - Drink

Declination of nouns

Feminine gender Male Rod Neuter gender Plural
Nominativ. die Mutter.
- mum		 der Vater.
- Dad		 das Kind.
- Child		 die Kinder.
- Children
Genitiv der Mutter.
- (book) Mom		 dES VATERS.
- (Book) Pope		 des Kindes.
– (toy) baby 		der Kinder.
- (toys) children
Dativ der Mutter.
- Mom		 dem Vater.
- Pape		 dem Kind.
- to kid		 den Kindern.
- Children
Akkusativ. die Mutter.
- Mom		 den Vater
- Pop.		 das Kind.
- Child		 die Kinder.
- Children

Past time. Auxiliary verb Haben

Most verbs in German form the past time with auxiliary verb haben. .

Weak verbs:

mACHEN \u003d GE + MACH + T. Ich Habe Gemacht.
MALEN \u003d GE + MAL + T

Strong verbs:

finden \u003d GE + Fund + EN. Ich Habe Gefunden.

Verbs on -ieren:

without the prefix GE-: Konzentrieren \u003d Konzentriert

Without the prefix GE-:

verbs that begin with consoles: BE-, VER-, ZER-, GE-, ÜBER-, ENT-.

Past time. Auxiliary verb sein.

These verbs form the past time with auxiliary verb sein.

Glages moving in space

gehen, Kommen, Fahren, Steigen (grow), sinken (descend), Gelangen (fall)

Ich Bin Gekommen. Du Bist Gefahren.

Verbs of transition from one state to another

aufwachen (wake up), einschlafen (fall asleep), Wachsen (Grow), Platzen (burst, break), Sterben (die).

Das Kind IST AUFGEWACHT. Wir Sind Egerschlafen.

Exception verbs

sein, Bleiben, Werden, Geschehen, Passieren, Gelingen.

Was IST Passiert? Ich Bin Zu Hause Geblieben.

Last time for strong verbs

From the table. What you need to know.

Infinitiv Präteritum Partizip II.
Root vowel inside: a
nehmen - Take na Hm. genommen.
lESEN - read lA S. gelesen.
geben - Gaza gA B. gegeben.
kommen come kA M. gekommen.
bekommen - receive beka M. bekommen.
treffen - Meet tRA F. getroffen.
helfen - help ha lf. geholfen.
trinken - Drinks tRA NK. getRunken.
stehen - stand sTA ND. gestanden.
vERSTEHEN - Understand vERSTA ND. verstanden.
sitzen - sit sA ß. gessesen.
essen - Have, Eat a ß. gegessen.
finden - Find fA ND. geFunden.
sprechen - talk spra ch gesprochen.
sehen - See sA H. gesehen.
singen - sing sA NG. gesungen.
beginnen - start bega N. begonnen.
vergessen - forget verga ß. ver racesen.
Root vowel inside: u
fahren - go fU Hr. gefahren.
tRAGEN - Nest tru G. getRagen.
werden - become wu Rde. geWorden.
waschen - washing wu SCH gewaschen.
schaffen - Create schu F. geschaffen.
laden - Shipping lu D. geladen.
einladen - invite lU D EIN. egeladen.
Root vowel inside: IE
schreiben - write schrie B. geschrieben.
laufen - Running lie F. gelaufen.
bleiben - stay bLIE B. geblieben.
entscheiden - decide entschie D. entschieden.
gehen - Go gi NG. gegangen.
heißen - Call hie ß. geheißen.
beißen - bite bi ß. gebissen.
rufen - call rIE F. gerufen.
gefallen - like gEFIE L. geFallen.
Root vowels inside: o
fliegen - Lettt flo G. geflogen.
ziehen - pull zo G. gezogen.
Auxiliary verbs that need to know:
haben - Have hatte gehabt.
sein - to be war gewesen.
werden - become wurde. geWorden.

Crade issues

Kasus. Fragen. Präpositionen.
Dativ wO? WIE LANGE? WANN? mIT, NACH, AUS, ZU, VON, BEI
Akkusativ. wOHIN? um, Gegen, Für, Ohne

Puttinglements. The fact that after the comma.

There are two suggestions:

Ich Weiss.
ER IST NACHLAND GEFAHREN.

To connect them to one, you need:

  • just divide their comma
  • after the comma to put an alliance (because that, when, if, while)
  • in the second sentence, the verb just take and move to the end of the sentence and put before the point. Take and transfer, put before the point. EVERYTHING!

Ich Weiss, Dass Er Nach Deutschland Gefahren IST.

Unions in a complex sentence

dass - What
wenn - when (repetitive action)
aLS - when (one-time)
während - while
nachdem - after
wEIL - Because
denn - so, because
deshalb - therefore
oB - Lie

Imperative mood

Forms (selected goes):

DU-FORM: DU GEHST - you go / go! - GEH!
IHR-FORM: IHR GEHT - you go / go! - Geht!
Sie-Form: Gehen Sie, Bitte.

Return glasses

Pipple. The verb + Sich: Rejoice - Sich Freuen. SICH. Sich always stands in a 3rd site offer:

Insecurity for return.

DU-FORM: FREU DICH!

Sein in imperative inclination.

DU-FORM: SEI!
Ihr-form: seid!
Sie-Form: Seien Sie!

Hope the verb Werden - to become

Werden.
ICH werde.
Du wist.
ER, SIE, ES wird.
wir. werden.
ihr. werdet.
Sie, Sie. werden.

Passive \u003d Werden + Partizip II.

Die Bauarbeiter Bauen Das Haus - Builders build a house.
Das Haus Wird Von Den Bauarbeitern Gebaut. - The house is built by builders.

von - someone, something (Dativ)
dURCH - because of the (Akkusativ)

Das Kind Wird Durch Laute Musik Aufgeweckt. - The child wakes up due to loud music.
Wir Kaufen Das Brot. - We buy bread.
Das Brot Wird Von Uns Gekauft. - Bread is bought by us.
Man Trinkt Viel Wein. - Drink a lot of wine.
Viel Wein Wird GetRunken. - Drinking a lot of wine. (In passive MAN goes away).

It is unlikely that you immediately speak in passive, but you need to recognize it in the texts:

Modal verbs in passive (this terrible design is used in a written German):

A man who is ... a woman who ... children who ... relativsätze

Feminine gender Male Rod Neuter gender Plural
Nominativ. die - which dER - which das - which die - which
Genitiv dEREN - which, whose desen - which, whose dEREN - which, whose
Dativ der - which dem - which denen. - which
Akkusativ. dIE - which den - which das - which dIE - which

Infinitive design

..., in order to ... \u003d Um ... .. zu + infinitiv.

Er Lernt Deutsch, Um in Deutschland Zu Leben. - He teaches German in order to live in Germany.
Ich Ziehe Mich Gut An, Um Gut Auszu Sehen. - I dress well in order to look good.

Comparison of adjectives.

Vasya cool. And Petya is cooler. And Kolyan is the coolest.

All by rule:

-er. am ... Stem. dER, DIE, DAS ... STE
faul
- Lazy		 fauuler.
- Lyivity		 am Faulsten.
- Lyny all		 dER, DIE, DAS FAULSTE
- the laziest
langsam
- Slow		 langsamer.
- slower		 am Langscen
- Six all		 dER, DIE, DAS LANGSSSTE
- the slowest
lieb.
- nicely		 lieber
- Mile		 am Liebsten
- Love all		 dER, DIE, DAS LIEBSTE
- most lovely
schnell.
- fast		 schneller.
- faster		 am Schnellsten.
- Faster all		 dER, DIE, DAS SCHNELLSTE
- the fastest

Change root vowels:

alt. Ä Lter. am Ltesten.
arm Ä Rmer. am L Rmsten.
groß. grö ßer. am Grö ßten.
jung. jÜ NGER. am Jü ngsten.
gern. lieber. am Liebsten.
gut. besser am Besten.
viel / Sehr. mehr. am Meisten.

Afterword

That's all the knowledge that I learned in 2 weeks and introduced into my speech. With these knowledge, I went to Germany, I still use these knowledge and I know how "our own".

Someone will seem a lot, and someone will say: "And where is the genitive? And where is the declination of adjectives? And where was the expected? And where is Articles ??? And where is the conjunction?" etc.

32 topics + words \u003d your success in German.

This is the base. Without her anywhere. And even articles with adjectives will be useless if you do not know these topics.

In Germany, I actively used only these structures. Everything else studied and polished in practice, and not everything was introduced into the conversation.

This is my experience. So I taught German. And so I learned it.

What and you wish you.

Py.Sy: No need to tell me that this is a barbaric approach to the sacred grammar of the German language.

We do not want to become another "smart" site and tell about how difficult the grammar of the German language is complex.

You remember Russian. Your native one. Do you use the themes and designs? And whether you are actively used in everyday life?

Others believe that the death is better than German. It is difficult for me with the go, without preparing to solve this issue. It is important here, what death is we talking about. If about slow and painful ... let's say, two hundred years ago, the Indians caught the missionaries in Canada, they drove the skin from it, brought the hot ash, then boiling water, and little missioner ...

In general, I think that he would seem to be a pleasant variety.

Mark Twain

So, despite all intimidation and stories about the incomprehensible complexity of the German language, you decided (a) to master this really difficult language. However, the German is not so terrible as his little. I'll call myself disagree with Mark Tweed, who called him "unsystematic". In my opinion, German is logical, structured and systemic language, "loving" order. Learn German - it's like solving mathematical tasks or add mosaic.

Not the last role in this (still) the difficult thing plays the knowledge of grammar. Therefore, in this article we will list the most important grammatical topicsthat need to master beginners to learn German.

1. Hasing verbs in Präsens (present)

Before studying the study of this topic, you have to learn personal pronouns.

In German, in contrast to English, pronoun i Written with a small letter.

Pay attention to duused to appeal to "you" to one person. To contact, for example, with a question for a group of people (friends or acquaintances), it is necessary to use the pronoun ihr.. Sie.used as a polite appeal to one person or several people.

Let's go back to the rigging of verbs in Präsens. First of all, you need to remember the lifting of the three main verbs (Grudverben):

sein (be), haben. (having) and werden. (become).

These verbs can be both semantic and auxiliary, i.e. Can participate in the formation of various grammatical forms. For example, in the formation of the past time, Perfekt uses the auxiliary verbs of Haben and Sein, in the formation of future times Futur I and Futur II - auxiliary verb Werden, which is also used to form a persistent collateral (PASSIV). Since these verbs are "gripping", it is important that their forms will be bounced back from the teeth!


Further information on the topic "Hiding the verbs" you.

Important! In German for a future time expression (Futur i) is very often used by Präsens

For example: WANN KOMMST DU? - When will you come? ICH MACHE ES MORGEN. - I will do it tomorrow.

2. Word order in the sentence (SatzStellUng)

In the German sentence everyone The word has its place. Of course, it is important to remember about the direct and reverse order of words and not forget to juggle the lean and subject to. However, do not also forget that negative particle nicht., infinitive turnover (with a particle zu.or without it), return pronoun sich. - Everyone knows your place!

The circumstances of the time, the causes, image and place are also located in the German proposal in accordance with a certain order, submitting to the Regulation tE.- ka.- mo.- lO(Temporal, Kausal, Modal, Lokal).

For example: Ich Lerne am Wochenende Wen Meiner Prüfung Sehr Intensiv in Der Bibliothek.

If in the proposal both supplements are expressed by nouns, then first there is an addition to Dativ, then in Akkusativ: Ich Gebe. Meinem Bruder. Ein Geschenk..

If one of the additions is expressed pronoun, It is placed before complementary, expressed nouns: Ich Gebe. ihm. Ein Geschenk..

Or: Ich Gebe. es MEINEM BRUDER.

But if both add-ons are pronounced in the proposal, then the order changes: first akkusativ, then Dativ. For example, ICHgebe.esihm..

In the appropriate proposal, the lean, as a rule, is in the last place, and if the apparent stands before the main thing, the order of words in the main sentence will change to the opposite: ICHlerne. Deutsch., wenn.iCHLust.habe . ABER WENN ICH KEINE LUSTmehr. habe, lerne. Ich Trotzdem Deutsch.

Head is spinning? This is from joy! :)

Attention! Above lists only some rules for building a German offer.

3. Artikl (Artikel)

Oh, these articles ... a certain and vague, men's articles (der), medium (DAS) and female (DIE), as well as a multiple number article (DIE)! Not to mention the cases where articles are not required at all. Will-Neils remember the missionary, which Mark Twain told ...

Note: The genus of the nouns in Russian and German does not coincide, so take a German noun to learn the rule only with Artikle (der, Das, DIE). In the plural, all nouns have an articture Die.

Remember: noun dERUnterricht.(lesson, occupation) does not have a multiple number in the German language!

Fortunately, in German, many sufifix tips, which indicate the genus of the noun. For example, all nouns on -ung, -keit or -Heit - female, on -chen or -lein - average, and on -ling - male. Here are some others:

In German, as you know, a lot of composite words. So, it is necessary to remember that the genus of a complex noun is determined by last In its composition: Der Abend (evening) + dAS.Essen.(Food) \u003d dAS. Abend. essen.(dinner).

In the preparation of proposals, it is not enough just to remember which family has something or a different noun, it is necessary to put the appropriate article in the right case!

For example: Wo IST DER MANN (NOM) MIT DER BRILLE? ICH MUSS DEM MANN (DAT) Etwas Sagen! HAST DU DEN MANN (AKK) Gesehen? - Where is a man in glasses? I need something to say this man! Did you see this man?

The declination table of a certain and uncertain article:


4. Declination of nouns (Deklination Der Substantive)

In German distinguish three types Localizing nouns: female, strongand weak. Thus, when building a German proposal, it is necessary not only to use the article in the desired case, but also, if necessary, add the end to the noun.

TO feminine The declination includes all the nouns of the female kind. When declining on the case, they do not receive any end. For example:

NOM Die Endung

Gen der Endung

Dat der Endung

Akk Die Endung

Many nouns of male genus and all medium-sized noun (except Das Herz) belong to strong declining and get in genetation - (E) s.

Please note that the medium-sized nouns ending on -nis double-whether, for example, Das Zeugnis - Des Zeugnis s.eS.

Nouns on -us, -as and -ismus not Get the end of -S in Genetiv: Der Kasus- des Kasus.

TO weak The declination includes four groups of nouns for men, who get the end of -en in all cases, except for Nominativ.

In studying German, the question often arises: how is it right - Herren or Herrn? So, the first (Die Herren) is a form of a plural from Der Herr (for example, SEHR Geehrte Damen und HERR en), And the second is one of the three case forms, which one is determined by the art.

Nom Der Herr.

Gen Des Herrn.

Dat Dem Herrn.

Akk Den Herrn.

In addition to these three types of decoration, there are two groups of nouns in German, which "play according to their rules." The first group is unofficially called entweder.oder(or ... or), it includes four nouns (der Nachbar, Der Bauer, Der Oberst, Der Untertan), which can be inclined either by strong or on the weak type of nouns.

NOM DER NACHBAR.

Gen Des Nachbars / Des Nachbarn

DAT DEM NACHBAR / DEM NACHBARN

AKK DEN NACHBAR / DEN NACHBARN

The second group is called sOWOHL ALS AUCH(like ... Taki) and includes the following nouns, which are inclined both by strong and on the weak type of declining: der Name, Der Same, Der Gedanke, Der Glaube, Der Wille, Der Haufe, Der Fels, Der Funke , Der Friede, Der Buchstabe, Der Drachee Idas Herz.

NOM DER NAME DAS HERZ

Gen Des Name. nS.dES HERZ. ens.

Dat Dem Name. n.dem Herz. en

Akk Den Name. n.das Herz.

When declining nouns in a plural it is important to remember that the end of -N is added to the DATIV (you can also remember - DativPlural ! ) if it is no longer ends on -N.

NOM DIE MÄNNER DIE FRAUEN

Gen Der Männer Der Frauen

Dat Den Männer n. Den Frauen.

Akk Die Männer Die Frauen

5. Declination of the adjectives (Deklination der Adjektive)

In German allocate three types Declination of adjectives: weak, strongand Mixed.

As practice shows, it is desirable to teach the declaration of adjectives in the only thing and in the plural separately from each other, with a break in a few days. This, however, is a matter of taste.

On our site you will find.

6. Basic forms of verb (OFD). PRÄTERITUM time education (past time)

Each verb in German has three main forms:

Infinitiv (Infinitive), Präteritum (past time) and Partizip II (Communion Second).

Depending on the formation of the formation of basic forms, three groups of verbs are distinguished: weak, strong and incorrect.

Weak verbs form the past time (Präteritum) by adding suffix - tE.- to the basis of the verb: mach.en- mach.tE.. The main forms of strong and incorrect verbs are not formed by the rules, so they must be learned by heart (see the table of strong and incorrect verbs).

In the form of Präteritum, the filmed consoles "leave" the verb: auf. Machen - Mach. tE. auf. .

Having learned to hide the verbs in time präsens, you can easily master the paradigm of the leasing of verbs in Präteritum:


Pay attention to the time of Präteritumform of the 1st and 3rd face units match up. The fact that the forms of the 1st and 3rd face MN.ch. Coincide, we learned already when studying the time of Präsens.

Having mastered this topic, you will be able to enjoy reading German books in the original.

7. PERFEKT time education (past time spent)

This time is the most common in conversational speech, so it is necessary to try to master it already at the initial stage of training.

Perfekt is formed with the help of the auxiliary verb Haben or Sein and Partizip II (3D shapes) of the semantic verb. Auxiliary verbs are hidden in time präsens (present), for example: Wann.bist. duaufgestanden.? - When did you rose?

With the second "ingredient", no problems usually arise: weak verbs form a partizipii form by adding a console gE.- and suffix - t.For example, Machen - Machte - gE.mach. t.. The shapes of partizip II strong and incorrect verbs are given in the table of strong and incorrect verbs, which, as we have already agreed, you need to learn.

What happens if the verb already has a prefix?

The intense prefix firmly clung to the verb and no one does not let anyone: bE.suchen- bE.suchte- bE.sucht.

Discarded prefix eagerly inferior to his seat gE.- : zu. Machen- Machte. zu. - zU GE.macht.

The verbs ending on -ieren do not get in the form of Partizip II console gE.-: Ignorieren - Ignorierte - Ignorier t..

Now it remains to learn to choose the right auxiliary verb - Haben or Sein! This will help you

8. Imperativ (Imperativ)

For the expression of the Council, requests, requirements, order, instructions or caution in German is used Imperativ. In general, the thing is irreplaceable! Understand the formation of the imperative weeding to you.

In German, there are other ways to make anyone else. For example, with infinitive: BUTufstehen.! - Stand!This is a very sharp shape, used quite rarely. Or with the help of a persistent pledge (passiv): Jetzt.wird.geschlafen.! - Time to sleep!Jetzt.wird.gegessen.! - Well, eat! Frequently used when contacting children.

9. Personal deposit in German (Passiv)

The suffering deposit is formed using the auxiliary verb Werden and Partizip II (3rd shapes) of the semantic verb. For example:

Ich Baue Ein Haus. - I am building a house. -\u003e Das Haus Wird Gebaut. - The house is being built.

To say this proposal, for example, in time prÄteritum or Perfekt, you must select the appropriate temporal form of the auxiliary verb Werden. Form Partizip II remains unchanged.

Das Haus Wurde Gebaut. (Präteritum)

Please note that the 3rd Werden verb shape loses in Perfekt GE:

Das Haus Ist Gebaut Ge Worden. Perfekt)

10. Modal Verbs (Modalverben)

Modal verbs are widely used both oral and in writing German speech. The main modal verbs are Können, Dürfen, Müssen, Sollen, Wollen, Mögen, while Möchte (N), without being an independent modal verb, is a form of a conjunctival formed from Mögen.

To form a denial, instead of the verb Müssen, it is preferable to use the Nicht Brauchen ZU + Infinitive design:

DU MUSST ES MACHEN. -\u003e Du Brauchst es Nicht Zu Machen.

In German, except for modal verbs, there are so-called modalverb ä hnliche Verben (verbs, which in a certain value perform modal function), for example, LASSEN - told, charge, allow Verstehen (ZU + Infinitive) - to be able to be Wissen (ZU + Infinitives) - to be able to, and many others. For example: Ich Weiß Das Zu Schätzen, Was Du Für Mich Machst. "I know I appreciate (\u003d I can appreciate) What you do for me."

Oshiving the topics listed above, you will be able to lay the necessary basics of successful and "painless" language mastering.

Do not forget that each grammatical topic needs to be fixed, therefore, we managed enough time to perform exercises. You should not take some new grammatical times, especially if they are little connected with each other. It is better to "dilute" the grammar material with the study of a new vocabulary.

And finally, the most important thing: do not forget to take pauses and relax from the craft! Then, perhaps, "torture" the German language will seem not so terrible.

A certain and indefinite article in German as a rule accompanies the name noun in sentences. Article in German is the main indicator of the genus, the number and case of the nomensional name.

Conductive case in German. David. Dativ

Certain case in German answers questions to whom? What? Where? when? In contrast to the Russian language, in which the end of the word changes, in German, the article changes in German.

Accusative case in German. Accusative. Akkusativ.

The accusative case in German is responsible for questions of whom? what? where to? In contrast to the Russian language, in which the end of the word changes, in German, the article changes in German.

German adjectives. Adjektive.

The inclined adjective in German is consistent with the number, the case and childbirth with the existence it determines. Such peeverable stand between articles (or by replacing it with a word) and the defined nouns.

Past time in German. Perfect. Perfekt.

Perfect from any (strong or weak) verb is formed using the auxiliary verb Haben or Sein and the form of the Partizip II of the main verb. Updated only auxiliary verb change, and the Partizip II of the main verb remains unchanged.

Present in German. Presense. Präsens.

The verbs in the presense express the action taking place in the present time, at the time of speech, constantly, usually. Forms of the present time are formed by adding personal expirations to the basis of Infinitive.

Modal verbs in German. Modal Verbs.

Modal verbs in German do not express the effect, but indicate the attitude of the statement speaking to the reality. Modal verbs can express the possibility, necessity, assumption, assumption, order, wish. Modal verbs in German require after themselves the main verb, which is in the infinitive without a zu particle at the end of the sentence.

Conjunctive in German. Konjunktiv II.

Conjunctive (subjunctive ignition) in German expresses a possible, presumptive, desirable or described effect. In Russian, it is formed using the verb of the past time and the particle would be.

Return glasses in German

Returning verbs in Russian ends with postfix -schess (s). In the German language, return verbs are used with a return pronoun Sich.

Office of German verbs

Under the control of German verbs is understood as a relationship when the verb requires after a certain case of addition. In German, there are no solid rules explaining what the case is managing one or another verb. It is especially difficult to distinguish with verbs, requiring additions in vinate or duty.

Future time in German. Futur

The future time is formed in German with the help of auxiliary verb Werden in the present time and the main verb in infinitive. The auxiliary verb of Werden in German put on the second place in the sentence, and the main verb at the end of the offer.

The degree of comparison of adjectives

The form of a comparative degree in German is formed by adding suffix -er to a brief form of adjective and shows that this feature is inherent in some subject or phenomenon to a greater extent than another.

Personal pronouns in German

Personal pronouns are used instead of nouns. Personal German pronoun must be transferred by the Russian pronoun depending on the kind of replaceable Russian noun, as the genus of the nouns in German and Russian does not always coincide.

Personal pronouns in German

Holding pronouns stand in front of nouns and are consistent with it in the case, among the way. When using assignments, it is necessary to keep in mind two questions: who owns the subject or face? What ending gets a possessive pronoun?

mOB_INFO.