Fet A. A. Poems about Nature. Short, small poems of the Russian poet Afanasiya Feta about the night, evening, stars and Fet will get out

(November 23, 1820, Manor Novoslovka, Mtsensky County, Orlovskaya Province - November 21, 1892, Moscow)

Biography

Childhood.

Athanasius Afanasyevich Fet (Shenshin) was born on October 29 (according to a new style - November 10) of 1820. In a documentary biography, his lot is not exactly accurate - inaccurate and date of birth. Interestingly, Fet himself noted as a birthday on November 23.

The place of birth of the future poet is the Oryol province, the village of Novoselki, not far from the city of Mtsensk, the family estate of the Father, Afanasiya Neofitovich Shenshina.

Athanasius Neofovich for many years of his life, starting from seventeen years, spent on military service. Participated in the war with Napoleon. For the valor shown in battles, awarded orders. In 1807, on illness, resigned (in the rank of Rothmistra) and began to serve as a civic field. In 1812, he is elected to the post of Mtsensky county leader of the nobility.

Shanshina belonged to the ancient noble childbirth. But the rich father Feta was not. Athanasius Neophytite was in permanent debts, in regular domestic and family worries. Maybe this circumstance partly explains his dyingness, its restraint and even dryness and towards his wife, Feta Mother, and in relation to children. Mother Feta, in Maiden Charlotte Becker, belonged to his birth to the German wealthy burgher family, was a woman with timid and submissive. In the household matters of decisive participation did not take, but the education of the Son, as his strength and the opportunity was engaged.

Interesting and partly mysterious history of her marriage. Shenshin was the second her husband. Until 1820 she lived in Germany, Lammstadt, in the house of the Father. Apparently, after the divorce with the first husband, Johann Fetom, having a young daughter in his hands, she met with 44-year-old Afanasius Neophyptic Sheenshin. He was in Daristeadte on cure, became acquainted with Charlotte Fet and carried away by her. He ended all the fact that he persuaded the charlotus to run with him to Russia, where they were married. In Russia, very soon on arrival, Charlot Fet, who became Sheenshina, gave birth to a son who was named Afanasiy Schaneshin and the baptized Orthodox rite.

In childhood, Feta was sad and good. Good even, perhaps, more than bad. Many of the first teachers Feta were not accustomed in terms of book science. But there was another school - not a book. School natural, directly life. Mostly trained and brought up the surrounding nature and live impressions of being, brought up the whole way of peasant, rural life. This is definitely more important than book diplomas. Most of all brought up communication with the courtyard, simple people, peasants. One of them is Ilya Afanasyevich. He served as Camedener from Feta Feta. With the children of Ilya Afanasyevich, he kept with dignity and importance, he loved to instruct them. In addition to his educators of the future poet came: the inhabitants of the maid are the maids. Maiden for a young feta is the latest news and this charming legends and fairy tales. Masterceat to tell the fairy tales was Praskovaya maid.

The first teacher of Russian diplomas, for the choice of the mother, became for Feta, a otmnaya cook, but a far from an excellent teacher Men Athanasius. Athanasius soon taught the boy letters of the Russian alphabet. The second teacher was a seminarist Peter Stepanovich, a person, apparently, who decided to teach feta, the rules of Russian grammar, but did not teach it to read it. After Fet lost a seminar teacher, he was given to the full care of the old-year-yard philippe Agofonovich, who occupied the position of a hairdresser at Dede Feta. Being illiterate himself, Philip Agafonovich, could not teach a boy, not at the same time made him exercise reading, offering reading prayers. When Feta has already gone for the tenth year, it hired a new seminar teacher, Vasily Vasilyevich. At the same time - for benefit in education and training, to excite the spirit of the competition - it was decided to teach together with Feta also Clauses of the son Mitka Fedorov. In close communication with the Peasant Son Fet enriched with live knowledge of life. We can assume that the great life of the poet Feta, like many other Russian poets and prosaikov, began to meet with Pushkin. Pushkin's poems rose in the soul of feta love for poetry. They lit a poetic lamp in it, awakened the first poetic gusts, they gave the joy of a high rhymed, rhythmic word.

In the house of Father Fet lived to fourteen years. In 1834 he entered the board of Cryman in Verrow, where he learned a lot. Once Feta, who was signed by Shenshin, came a letter from his father. In the letter, his father reported that from now on Athanasius Shenshin, in accordance with the corrected official papers, should be referred to as official papers, must be referred to as the son of the first husband of Mother, John Feta, - Afanasiya Fetom. What happened? When Fet was born and his, according to the time, baptized, he was recorded by Afanasyevich Sheenshin. The fact is that Shenshin married the mother of Feta on the Orthodox rite only in September 1822, i.e. Two years after the birth of the future of the poet, and, it means that he could not consider it a legitimate father.

The beginning of the creative way.

At the end of 1837, by decision of Athanasius Neofitovich Shenshina, Fet leaves the Pension Cryman and sends to Moscow to prepare for admission to Moscow University. Before Fet entered the university, he had lived for six months, he studied in a private pension. Feth distinguished from training in the guest house and distinguished himself during receipt of the university. Initially, Fet entered the Faculty of Faculty of Moscow University, but soon changed his mind and moved to the verbal branch.

Serious occupation of the poem begins at Feta in the first year. He records poems in a specially established "Yellow Notebook". Soon the number of composed poems comes to three dozen. Fet decides to show a notebook Pusher. Pogodin transmits Nagolith's notebook. And in a week, Fet receives from the time to travel back with the words: "Gogol said, this is undoubted tranquency."

Fate Feta is not only bitter and tragic, but also happy. Happy already the fact that the Great Pushkin first opened him the joy of poetry, and the great Gogol blessed to her service. Poems Interested in fellow students Feta. And at that time Fet met Apollo Grigoriev. The proximity of Feta with A. Grigoriev became more and more closely and soon moved to friendship. As a result, Fet moves from the house of pushing to Grigoriev's house. Later Fet admitted: "House Grigoriev was the truth of my mental cradle." Fet and A. Grigoriev constantly, concerned mentally communicated with each other.

They provided support for each other and in difficult moments of life. Grigoriev Fetu, - when Fets fettered especially sharply felt humiliation, social and human accuracy. Fets Grigoriev - in those hours when his love was rejected, and he was ready to flee from Moscow to Siberia.

House Grigoriev became a place of assessing a talented university youth. Here are students of verbal and law faculties Ya. P. Polonsky, S. M. Soloviev, Son of the Decembrist N. M. Orlov, P. M. Beklevsky, N. K. Kalajedovich. Around A. Grigoriev and Feta formed not just a friendly company of interlocutors, but the genus of a literary-philosophical circle.

At stay at the University of Fet released the first collection of his poems. It is called somewhat intuitively: "lyrical pantheon". Apollo Grigoriev helped the publication of a collection of activities. The collection was unprofitable. The output "of the lyric pantheon did not bring Feta positive satisfaction and joy, but, nevertheless, he inspired him noticeably. He began to write poems more and more vigorous than before. And not only write, but also to be printed. His willingly print the two largest magazines "Moskvatikan" and "Patriotic Notes". Moreover, some poems of Feta fall into the Krestomatia known at that time A. D. Galakhov, the first edition of which was published in 1843.

In "Moskvatian" Fet began to be printed since the end of 1841. The editors of this journal were Professor Moscow University - M. P. Pogodin and S. P. Shevyrev. From mid-1842, Fet began to be printed in the journal "Domestic Notes", the leading criticism of which was the Great Belinsky. For several years, from 1841 and 1845, Fet printed 85 poems in these magazines, including the housing poem "I came to you with greetings ...".

The first trouble, comprehended feta, is connected with the mother. The thought of her caused tenderness and pain in it. In November 1844 her death occurred. Although nothing unexpected in the death of the mother was not, the news shook feta. At the same time, in the fall of 1844, dying suicide uncle Feta, the brother Athanasius Neofitovich Shenshina, Peter Neophytite. He promised to leave Feta his capital. Now he died, and his money mysteriously disappeared. It was another shock.

And he starts financial problems. He decides to sacrifice literary activities and enter military service. In this he sees the only practically appropriate and decent way out. The service in the army allows him to return the social situation in which he was to receive that ill-fated letters from his father and which he believed, his own belonging to him right.

It should be added to this that the military service was not opposed to Feta. On the contrary, once as a child, he even dreamed of her.

Main compilations.

The first collection of Feta was published in 1840 and was called "Lyrical Pantheon", it was published only with the author's initials "A. F. ". Interestingly, in the same year it came out of the press and the first collection of Nekrasov poems - "Dreams and Sounds". The simultaneity of the exit of both collections involuntarily pursues onto their comparison, and they compare them often. At the same time, the community is found in the fate of the collections. It is emphasized that Feta and Nekrasova have been confused in their poetic debut that both of them did not immediately find their way, their unique "I".

But unlike Nekrasov, forced to buy a collection of a collection and destroy him, Fiet did not suffer an obvious failure. His collection and criticized, and praised. The collection was unprofitable. Feta could not even return money spent on print. "Lyrical Pantheon" is a book in many ways more student. It is noticeable about the influence of various poets (Bairon, Goethe, Pushkin, Zhukovsky, Venerevitinova, Lermontov, Schiller and Contemporary Feet Benedictova).

As the critic of the "domestic notes", in verses of the collection, was visible unearthly, noble simplicity, "Grace". The musicality of the verse is noted - the quality that will be extremely typical and mature feta. In the collection, the greatest preference was given to two genres: a ballad, such a favorite romantics ("Kidnapping from Harem", "Raufenbach Castle", etc.), and the genre of anthological poems.

At the end of September 1847, he receives a vacation and goes to Moscow. Here within two months it is diligently deals with its new collection: makes it up, rewrites, rents in censorship, it also receives a censorship permit for the publication. Meanwhile, vacation expires. He did not have time to publish the collection - he should have returned to the Kherson province, to the service.

Again to come to Moscow Fet was able to only in December 1849. Then he completed the case, started two years ago. Now he does everything in a hurry, remembering his experience of biennial prescription. In early 1850, the collection is published. The hurry affected the quality of the publication: it has a lot of typos, dark places. Nevertheless, the book was successful. Positive feedback about it appeared in the "Contemporary", in "domestic notes", in "Moskvatian", that is, in leading magazines of that time. She had success in the reading public. The entire circulation of the book went through for five years. This is not such a long time, especially if you compare with the fate of the first collection. The feta, based on its numerous publications of the early 40s, and the new wave of poetry, which was noted in Russia in those years.

In 1856, Fet publishes another collection, which was preceded by the edition of 1850, which included 182 poems. The new edition, on the advice of Turgenev, was transferred to 95 poems, of which only 27 were left in the same time. 68 poems were subjected to solid or partial editors. But back to the collection of 1856. In literary circles, among the connoisseurs of poetry, he had a great success. The famous critic A. V. Druzhinin responded a solid article to the new compilation. Druzhinin in the article not only admired the poems of feta, but also subjected to their deep analysis. Particularly emphasizes the friend of the Music of Fetovo verse.

In the last period of his life, a collection of its original poems is published - "Evening lights". Light in Moscow, in four releases. The fifth was prepared by Fetom, but he had no time to publish it. The first compilation was published from the press in 1883, the second - in 1885, the third - in 1889, the fourth - in 1891, a year before his death.

"Evening lights" - the main name of Feta collections. Their second name is the "Assembly of the feta unnecessary poems." In the "Evening Lights", with a rare exception, included really not yet published before the time of the poem. Mainly those that Fet wrote after 1863. To reprint the works created earlier and included in the collections of 1863, it simply was not necessary: \u200b\u200bthe collection of the collection did not work out, who wanted to buy this book. N. N. Strakhov and V. S. Solovyov provided the greatest assistance. So, when preparing the third release of "evening lights", in July 1887, both friends arrived in Sparrow.

Journal and editorial activity Feta.

The first acquaintance with Turgenev was held in May 1853. And, probably, after that, the journal activity of Feta began. But before that, Fet printed its poems in the "domestic notes" and "Moskvatik" known to the magazines. Spassky Fet read Turgenev his poems. Fet took with him and his translations from one Horace. These translations of Turgenev were most admired. Interestingly, Fetov's translations Horace deserved praise not only Turgenev - a high appreciation gave them a "contemporary".

Based on his travels of 1856, Fet wrote a big article under the title "from abroad. Travel impressions. " She was printed in the magazine "Contemporary" - in №11 for 1856 and in №2 and №7 for 1857.

Fet is engaged in translations not only from Latin, but also from English: the Shakespeare translates diligently. And it cooperates not only in the "contemporary", but in other magazines: "Library for reading", "Russian Bulletin", since 1859 - in the "Russian Word", a magazine, which became later very popular thanks to the participation of Dmitry Ivanovich Pisarev in him. In 1858, Fetu comes to the idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a completely new, purely literary magazine, which would lead, besides him, L. Tolstoy, Botkin and Turgenev.

In 1859, Fet broke collaboration with the magazine "Contemporary". The prerequisites for this rupture was the announcement of the war "contemporary" literature, which he considered indifferent to the interests of the day and to the direct needs of the labor nation. In addition, the "contemporary" published an article, sharply criticizing the Fetovo translations of Shakespeare.

In February 1860, Fet bought a stepanovka estate. Here he hosted seventeen years. It is, good knowledge of rural life and rural activities in Stepanovka allowed Feta to create several publicistic work devoted to the village. Feta essays were so called: "from the village." They were published in the magazine "Russian Bulletin".

In the village of Fet, it was engaged not only by rural affairs and writing essays, but translated the works of the German philosopher of Schopenhauer.

Personal fate feta.

After the death of Peter Neofitovich, feta starts financial problems. And he decides to sacrifice literary activities and go to military service. On April 21, 1845, Fet was adopted by a non-commissioned officer in the Kirassirsky (Cavalry) regiment military order. By this time he almost completely said goodbye to poetry. For three years, from 1841 to 1843, he wrote a lot and published a lot, but in 1844, apparently because of the difficult circumstances known to us, a decline in creativity is noticeable: this year he wrote only ten original poems and translated thirteen OD Roman poet Horace. In 1845 there were only five poems.

Of course, in the years of service, Feta had genuine joys - high, truly human, spiritual. This is primarily a meeting with pleasant and kind people, interesting acquaintances. To such interesting acquaintances, who left their memory for life, applies to familiarity with the spouses of brazens.

The Feta is connected with Feta another, especially an important event: he met Petkovich's family through them. In the hospitable house Petkovichi Fet met their young relative, Maria Lazich. She became the heroine of his love lyrics. When Fet met with Lasich, she was 24 years old, and he was 28. Fet saw in Maria Lazich not only an attractive girl, but also an extremely cultural person, musically and literary educated.

Maria Lazich turned out to be a close feta in spirit - not only in the heart. But she was the same poor as Fet. And he, deprived of the state and a solid social basis, did not decide to tie his fate with her. Feth convinced Mary Lazich that they need to part. Lazic agreed in words, but could not break the relationship. Could not and Fet. They continued to meet. Soon Fetu had to leave for a time. When he returned, it was waiting for a terrible message: Maria Lazich was no longer alive. As Feta told, in that tragic hour she lay in a white kisin dress, read the book. Located and the match threw on the floor. The match continued to burn. From her caught a kitchen dress. After a few moments, the girl was all on fire. Save it failed. Her last words were: "Save letters!". And she also asked not to blame anyone who she loved ...

After the tragic death of Maria Lazich to Feta comes to the full awareness of love. Love is unique and the only one. Now he will remember all his life, will speak, and sing about this love - high, beautiful, amazing verses.

That grass that far away on your grave
here on the heart, the older it is, the fresh ...

At the end of September 1847, he receives a vacation and goes to Moscow. Here, he is diligently engaged in his new compilation, he passes into censorship it passes her, but he failed to publish a collection. He had to return to the Kherson province, to the service. The collection was issued only 3 years later. He publishes him in a hurry, but, despite this collection, has a great success.

On May 2, 1853, Feta is transferred to the guard, to the Ulan regiment. Guards regiment was housed near St. Petersburg, in the Krasnoselsky camp. And Feta appears the opportunity, still, being in military service, enter the St. Petersburg literary environment - in the range of the most famous and the most progressive magazine "Contemporary".

Most of the fet gets closer to Turgenev. The first acquaintance of Feta with Turgenev was held in May 1853 in Volkovo. Then Feta at the invitation of Turgenev visited his estate Spassky-Lutovinovo, where Turgenev in the government sentence was link. The conversation between them in Spassky was devoted mainly to literary affairs and themes. Fet took with him and his translations from one Horace. These translations of Turgenev were most admired. Turgenev edited a new collection of original feta poems. The new collection of feta poems came out in 1856. When the new edition of Feta poems is published, he takes a holiday for the service for a year and uses it not only for literary affairs, but also for traveling abroad. Abroad Fet was twice. For the first time I went back to my older sister Lina and to calculate the mother's inheritance. The trip left little impressions.

The second journey abroad, held in 1856, was longer, and more impressive. Based on his impressions, Fet wrote a large article of overseas impressions under the title "from abroad. Travel impressions. "

Traveling, Fet visited Rome, Naples, Genoa, Livorno, Paris and others, famous Italian and French cities. In Paris, Fet got acquainted with the family of Polina Viardo, which Turgenev loved. Still, the journey abroad did not bring Fetu any stable joy. On the contrary, - abroad, most of all he was herself and Handryl. He almost already arrived to the rank of Major, who had to automatically return to him the lost nobility, but in 1856 the new Tsar Alexanderii, a special decree established the new rules for the receipt of the nobility, he had the right to the nobility not a major, but only a colonel.

"According to the state of health, I look forward to death and look at marriage as a thing for me unattainable." The words of Feta on marriage's unattainableness were told Feth in less than a year before marriage to Maria Petrovna Botkin.

Maria Petrovna was the native sister of Vasily Petrovich Botkin, a famous writer, criticism, a close friend of Belinsky, friend and connoisseur Feta. Maria Petrovna belonged to a large merchant family. Seven bottles were not only talented, but also friendly. Future wife Feta was in the family in a special position. The brothers lived their own life, the older sisters were married and had their families, only Maria Petrovna remained in the house. Her position seemed to her solely and strongly oppressed it.

The offer of Fetom was made, and in response, consent followed him. It was decided to celebrate the wedding soon. But it happened that Maria Petrovna was supposed to have not putting off to go abroad - to accompany the sick saline sister. The wedding was postponed before her return. However, Fet did not wait for the return of the bride because of the border - I went for it myself. There, in Paris, a rite of wedding took place, and a modest wedding was played.

Fet married Maria Petrovna, without experiencing a strong love feeling for her, but in sympathy and under sound thinking. Such marriages are often no less successful than marriage in old age. Feta marriage was successful in moral score. About Maria Petrovna, all who knew it only well, only with respect and genuine pleasant.

Maria Petrovna was a good woman educated, good musician. She became an assistant to her husband, tied to him. This fet always felt and could not not be grateful.

By February, 1860, Feta ripened the idea of \u200b\u200bthe acquisition of estates. By the middle of the year he exercises his dream. The estate of Stepanovka, which he bought, was located in the south of the same Mtsensky County of the Oryol province, where his native estate of new stamps was located. It was a rather large farm, the size of 200 ten, located in the steppe strip, at his naked place. Turgenev, about this, joked: "Bold pancake and on it Shish", "instead of nature ... one space."

Here Fet and shopping - for seventeen years. Here he spent most of the year, only in winter leaving for a while in Moscow.

The owner of Fet was not just good - East. His degradability in rural works and the estate had serious psychological justification: he actually returned involvement in the class of noble landlords, eliminated the great, as he seemed likewise, inequity towards himself. In Stepanovka Fet taught two peasant children with a diploma, built a hospital for peasants. During the inhabitants and hunger helps peasants with money and other means. From 1867 and for ten years Fet performed the position of the magistrate. It was serious and responsible for their responsibilities.

Last years of life.

The last years of Feta's life is marked by a new, unexpected and highest takeoff of his work. In 1877, Fet sells an old estate, Stepanovka, and buys a new one - Sparrow. The estate is located in the Kursk province, on the river Tuskari. It turned out that both in Sparrow Fet invariably, all days and hours, busy work. Poetic and mental work.

No matter how important for Feta translation works, the largest event in the last years of his life was the release of collections of its original poems - "Evening lights". Poems are striking, above all, depth and wisdom. This is simultaneously bright and tragic poet meditation. Such, for example, the poem "Death", "Nondesy", "not those, the Lord, Might, incomprehensible ...". The last poem is glory to a person, thank the Eternal Fire of the Spirit that lives in man.

In the "Evening Fires", as in the whole poetry Feta, many love poems. Beautiful, unique and unforgettable poems. One of them "Alexander Lvovna is Brazza."

A prominent place in the late lyrics of Feta takes nature. In his verses, she is always closely connected with man. Late feta nature helps to solve riddles, the secrets of human being. Through the nature of Fet comprehends the finest psychological truth about man. In the end of the life of Fet became a rich man. By decree of the emperor Alexander II, he was returned to noble dignity and the name of Shenshin was so desirable for him. His fifty-year-old literary anniversary in 1889 was celebrated solemnly, lush and quite officially. The title of senior rank - Camger was granted to the new emperor Alexander III.

Fet died on November 21, 1892, without having lived two days before seventy-dyedly. The circumstances of his death are such.

On the morning of November 21, the patient, but the former feet still on his feet suddenly wished champagne. Wife, Maria Petrovna, reminded that the doctor was not allowed. Fet began to insist that she immediately went to the doctor for resolution. While groaning horses, Fet worried and rushing: "Was it soon?" Maria Petrovna on the farewell said: "Well, go, mommy, but come back soon."

After the departure of his wife, he said secretary: "Let's go, I give you a predictory." - "Letter?" She asked. - "Not". Under his dictation, the secretary wrote at the top of the sheet: "I do not understand the conscious multiplication of inevitable suffering. I am voluntary going to the inevitable. " Under this, Fet signed himself: "November 21, Fet (Shenshin)".

On the table he lay a steel cutting knife in the form of a style. Fet took him. Alarmed secretary broke out. Then Fet, without refusing the thought of suicide, went to the dining room, where table knives were kept in Chiffiorierke. He tried to open a chiffonier, but unsuccessfully. Suddenly, often silent, widely open the eye, he fell on the chair.

So death came to him.

Three days, on November 24, the rite of funeral occurred. Fen in the university church. Then the coffin with the body of Feta was taken to the village of Klemenovo Mr. Mr. County of the Oryol province, the generic estate of Sheenshin. There Feta buried.

Bibliography:

* Maimmin E. A. Afanasiy Afanasyevich Fet: Book for students. - Moscow: Education 1989 - 159 p. - (Biography of the writer).

Biography

Born in the family of the Shanshina landowner.

The surname Fet (more precisely, Feth, it. Foeth) has become for the poet, as he later recalled, "the name of all his suffering and the sorridge." The son of the Orlovsky landowner Athanasius Neofitovich Sheenshina (1775--1855) and Carolina Charlotte Brought from Germany, he was recorded at birth (probably for a bribe) by the legitimate son of his parents, although he was born a month after the arrival of Charlotte to Russia and a year before Their marriage. When he was 14 years old, "mistake" was discovered in the documents, and he was deprived of the names, nobility and Russian citizenship and became the "Hessendarmstadt citizen Athanasius Feto" (thus, his father began to be considered the first husband Charlotte, the German Feth; who actually was Father Athanasius is unknown). In 1873, he officially returned the surname of Shenshin, but literary works and translations continued to sign the surname of Fet (through "E").

In 1835-1837 he studied in the German private board of the Cymicon in Verrow (now Võru, Estonia). At this time, Fet begins to write poems, manifests an interest in classical philology.

In 1838-1844 - studies at Moscow University.

In 1840, the release of the collection of poems feta "Lyrical Pantheon" with the participation of A. Grigoriev, a friend of Feta for the university.

In 1842 - publications in the magazines "Moskvatikan" and "Domestic Notes".

In 1845 - the regiment on military service in the Kirassir military Order, becomes a cavalidist. In 1846 he was assigned the first officer rank.

In 1850 - the second collection of Feta, positive feedback from the journals "Contemporary", "Moskvatikan" and "Patriotic Notes". The death of Maria Kozminnikna Lazich, the poet's beloved, the memories of which the Poem "Talisman" is dedicated, the poem "old letters", "you have depressed, I still suffer ...", "No, I have not changed. Until old age ... "And many other his poems.

* 1853 - Feta is transferred to the Guards Regiment, stationed near Petersburg. The poet often happens in St. Petersburg, then the capital. Meetings Feta with Turgenev, Nekrasov, Goncharov, and others. Rapid with the editors of the magazine "Contemporary"

* 1854 - Service in the Baltic Port, described in his memoirs "My memories"

* 1856 - Third Feta Collection. Editor - Turgenev

* 1857 - Feta marriage on M. P. Botkin, Sister S. P. Botkin

* 1858 - the poet resigns in the rank of Guards Headquarters, settles in Moscow

* 1859 - Gap with the magazine "Contemporary"

* 1863 - The release of the two-volume assembly of feta poems

* 1867 - Feth elected world judge for 11 years

* 1873 - Nobility and surname Sheenhin returned. Literary works and translations of the poet and later signed Fet's name.

* 1883-1891 - Publication of four issues of the collection "Evening lights"

* 1892, November 21 - Concent Feta in Moscow. According to some data, his death from a heart attack preceded suicide attempt. He was buried in the village of Kleenovo, the generic estate of Sheenshin.

Bibliography

Edition. Collections

* Poem. 2010
* Poem. 1970
* Athanasius Fet. Lyrics. 2006
* Poem. Poems. 2005
* Poem. Prose. Letters. 1988
* Prose of the poet. 2001
* Spiritual poetry. 2007

Pois

* Two Lipki.
* Sabina
* Son.
* Student
* Talisman

Translations

* Beautiful night (from Goethe)
* Night song of the traveler (from Goethe)
* Borders of mankind (from Goethe)
* Bertrand de Born (from Ulanda)
* "You are all in pearls and in diamonds" (from Heine)
* "Child, we were still children" (from Heine)
* Gods of Greece (from Schiller)
* Imitation of Eastern poems (from Saadi)
* From Ryuckeret
* Songs of the Caucasian Highlanders
* Dujn and Durand (from Alfred Mussy)
* "Be Foocrit, about the charming" (from Merica)
* "That vigorous was elected a judge" (from Katulla)
* Love Book Ovid
* Filemone and Bavda (from the book "Metamorphosis" Ovidida)
* About poetic art (to pisters) (from Horace)

Story

* Outside fashion
* Uncle and cousin
* Cactus
* Calenik
* Family Golz

Publicistics

Articles about poetry and art:

* About the poems of Tyutchev
* From the article "Regarding the statue of Ivanov"
* From the article "Two letters about the meaning of ancient languages \u200b\u200bin our upbringing"
* From the preface to the translation of "transformations" of Ovid
* Preface to the third issue of "Evening Lights"
* Preface to the fourth issue of "evening lights"
* From the book "My memories"
* From the article "The answer" of the new time "
* From the letters
* Comments

Memoirs:

* Early years of my life
* My memories

Interesting Facts

The Feta plans were the translation of "Clean Right Critics", however N. Strakhov dissuaded feta to translate this book of Kant, indicating that the Russian translation of this book already exists. After that, Fet turned to the translation of Schopenhauer. He translated two writings of Schopenhauer:

* "Peace, like will and performance" (1880, 2nd ed. In 1888) and
* "On the four root of the law of a sufficient basis" (1886).

The heroine of Feta lyrics is considered to be Maria Lazich, tragically died in 1850. Fet all his remaining life felt his guilt in front of her and continued to keep deep feelings.

"No, I have not changed. Until old age
I am the same devotee, I am a slave of your love,
And the old poison of chains, expanding and cruel,
Still burns in my blood.

At least the memory and tells that between us grave,
At least every day delirious to another, -
Unable to believe I forget me,
When you are here, in front of me.

Whether beauty flashes other for a moment,
I feel about it, I know you;
And tenderness I am heard the blow
And, shuddering, I sing. "

Creativity A. Feta - the main motifs of lyrics in the work of A. A. Feta (abstracts for creativity A.A.Fethe)

And tremble, and I avoid my heart

And the brighter the moon shone,

She became all the pale

In smoke puffur Purple Roses,
Gleam amber
And lobsia, and tears,
And dawn, dawn! ...

Biography

Shenshin Athanasius Afanasyevich (he is Fet) - the famous Russian poet Lirik. Born on November 23, 1820, near the city of Mtsensk, Oryolsky province, in the village of Novoselki, the son of a rich landowner, Rothmistra retired, Athanasius Neofitovich Shenshina. The latter married the border in Lutheran, but without the Orthodox rite, as a result of which marriage, legitimate in Germany, was recognized as illegal in Russia; When the rite of the Orthodox wedding was performed in Russia, the future poet already lived under the mother's family "Feth" (Foeth), belonging to the extramarital child; Only under the old age Fet began to bother about legal and got the surname of the Father. Up to 14 years old Sh. Lived and studied at home, and then in the city of Verier (Liflyandsky province), in the Gommer's guesthouse. In 1837 he was transported to Moscow and placed at M.P. Pusher; Soon the Sh. Entered Moscow University, at the Historical and Philology Faculty. Almost all student time S. lived in the family of his comrade for the university, the future of the literary critic of Apollo Grigorieva, who had an impact on the development of the poetic gift Sh. Already in 1840, the first collection of verses W: "Lyrical Pantheon A. F. appeared in Moscow . The collection of success in the public did not have, but he drew the attention of journalism, and from 1842 in Pokhodinsky "Moskvatian" the poem of Feta was often placed (preserved this name, as a literary pseudonym, until the end of life) and A. D. Galakhov made some Of these, in the first publication of their "Krestomatia", 1843. The greatest literary influence on S., as Lyrics, rendered heine at that time. The desire to learn from the nobility prompted Feta to enter military service. In 1845, he was accepted in the Kirassi regiment; In 1853, he moved to the Ulan Guards Regiment; The Crimean campaign was part of the troops guarding the Estland coast; In 1858, he retired, like his father, headquarters, Rothmistrome. The noble rights sh., However, to achieve then failed: the necessary for that qualifications increased as Fet raised by service. In the meantime, his poetic glory grew; The success of the book "Poem of A. Feta" published in Moscow in 1850 opened access to the "Contemporary" circle in St. Petersburg, where he met Turgenev and V.P. Botkin; With the latter, he became friends, and the first one already in 1856 wrote Feta: "What do you write to me about Heine? - You are above Heine!" Later Sh. I got acquainted with Turgenev with L.N. Tolstoy, returned from Sevastopol. The circle of the "contemporary" shared forces chose, processed and beautifully printed a new meeting "poems A. A. Feta "(St. Petersburg, 1856); In 1863 it was reissued to Soldatenkov in two volumes, and in the 2nd entered the translations of Horace and others. Literary success prompted S. Leave military service; besides, he is in 1857 G. Married in Paris on Marya Petrovna Botkin and, feeling a practical alkalon, decided to devote himself as Horace, agriculture. In 1860, he bought the farm Stepanovka from 200 tents of the Earth, in the Mtsensky undertake, and energetically began to manage, living There's no way and only in winter by going to Moscow for a while. For ten years old (1867 - 1877), Sh. was a world judge and wrote at this time in the "Russian Bulletin" journal articles about rural orders ("from the village"), where he showed Himself as a convinced and chain Russian "agrarian", which soon received the nickname "Freight" from the populist press. The owner of Sh. turned out to be excellent, in 1877 he threw Stepanovka and bought for 105,000 rubles a sparrows in the Schigrovsky district, Kursk provinces near Desert; at the end of the life of sos Toyan Sh. reached the magnitude that can be called wealth. In 1873, Fetom was approved by the surname Sh. With all the rights associated with her. In 1881, Sh. I bought a house in Moscow and began to come to Vorobyovka for the spring and summer already a gift box, passing the management of the manager. At this time, satisfaction and honor Sh. The original and transferable poetry began with the new energy, and for memoirs. It has been published in Moscow: four collections of lyrical poems "Evening lights" (1883, 1885, 1888, 1891) and translations of Horace (1883), Junala (1885), Katulla (1886), Tabulla (1886), Ovid (1887), Virginia (1888), Properration (1889), Persia (1889) and Marciala (1891); Translation of both parts of "Faust" Goethe (1882 and 1888); Posted by memoirs "Early years of my life, until 1848" (Edition is already afraid, 1893) and "My memories, 1848 - 1889" (in two volumes, 1890); The translation of writings A. Shopengauer: 1) On the fourth root of the law of sufficient foundation and 2) on the will in nature (1886) and "the world, like will and performance" (2nd Edition - 1888). On January 28 and 29, 1889, the anniversary of the 50-year-old feta literary activity was solemnly celebrated in Moscow; Soon after he was the highest rank of chamber meter. Sh. November 21, 1892 in Moscow, without surviving two days to 72 years; He was buried in the generic estate of Shanshina village of Kleenov, in the Mtsensky county, in 25 versts from the eagle. Posthumous editions of its original poems: in two volumes - 1894 ("Lyrical poems A. Feta", St. Petersburg, with a biography, written by K. R. and edited by K. R. and N.N. Insurance) and in three volumes - 1901 ("Complete Assembly of Poems", St. Petersburg, edited by B.V. Nikolsky). As a personality, sh. Presents a peculiar product of the Russian landlord and noble doreform medium; In 1862, Turgenev calls S., in a letter to him, "inserted and the ostervel destroyer and the guarantor of an old temper." To his legalization, he treated with a painful pride, which caused a mock of the same Turgenev, in a letter to Sh. 1874 "How Fets, you had a name; like Shenshin, you have only last name." Other distinctive features of its character are extreme individualism and jealous upholding of their independence from extraneous influences; So, for example, traveling in Italy, he walked over the windows, so as not to look at that kind, to admire his sister, and in Russia he ran away from his wife, from a concert of Bosio, imagining that his "obliges" to admire music! Within the family and friendly mug, Sh. Differed softness and kindness, which repeatedly, with a big and sincere praise, respond to letters to I. Turgenev, L. Tolstoy, V. Botkin and others. Individualism explains the practicality of S., and his Through the fight against spending and missions, which he naively report to the public in his journal articles from the village, to the detriment of his own reputation. The same is caused by the indifference, which is discovered by Sh. In his "memories" to the great political "issues", who worried about his contemporaries. About the event February 19, 1861 Sh. Said that it did not exit anything in it, "except for children's curiosity." For the first time, hearing the reading "Oblomov", Sh. Fell asleep from boredom; He missed the "fathers and children" of Turgenev, and the novel "What to do" led him to horror, and he wrote a polemical article in the "Russian Bulletin" Katkova, but such a sharp, that even the rollers did not dare to print it. Regarding the acquaintance of Turgenev with the Opt Shevchenko, Sh. Noted in his "memories": no wonder "had to hear that Turgenev N" Etait Pas Un Enfant De Bonne Maison "! Shenshin did not rise even before the understanding of literary-class interests; judgments sh. On Society "Literary Fund", in response to Turgenev (in 1872), "saying without embellishment, outrageous"; "It would be great happiness if you really were the most poor Russian writer"! - adds Turgenev. In the 1870s In the correspondence of Turgenev and Sh. More and more sharpness meets ("You hung on the Kolkovsky prefabricated spirit!", I wrote in 1872. Turgenev) and the difference in political convictions finally led to the rupture, which the most burned fet. In 1878, Turgenev resumed correspondence with S. and with sad irony explained to him: "Old age, approaching us to the final simplification, simplifies all the life relationships; I'll seem to make your hand outstretch" ... speaking in my "memories" about your activities, As a magistrate, the poet expresses complete contempt for the laws in general and to the laws on the jurisdiction in particular. As a poet, Fet is significantly towers over Sh. - man. It seems as if the most disadvantages of a person turn into advantages of the poet: individualism contributes to self-reduction and self-observation, without which the Lirik is unthinkable, and practicalism, inseparable with materialism, implies the cash of that sensual love for being, without which bright imagery is impossible, so valuable in the original lyrics . And in the transfer of his poetics (in translations of the Horace and other ancient classics). The main literary merit of S. - in its original lyrics. Sh. Never forgets Voltaire's rules "Le Secret D" Ennyer C "EST CELUI DEUT DIRE" and that "inscription" (Tabula Votiva) Schiller "Artist", which (Translated by Minsk) reads: "Master of the arts according to That he expressed, judge; Master only a syllable glitters a knowledge of what to tendle. " Sh. Always counts on a thoughtful reader and remembers the wise rule of Aristotle, that in enjoying beauty there is an element of pleasure thinking. The best poems is always inherent in laconicism. An example is the next eight-end from the "evening lights": "Do not last, do not make me in a wonder of the children's rude, that in front of this laughing oak I am standing in antiquity. A few leaves in the brow of the sick senior survived; but again with the spring, the Goryanka arrived with the spring in Duples. " Here the poet does not agree that he himself is like a squabbed oak, cheerful dreams in his heart - Gorlinkam in Duples; The reader should himself guess about it - and the reader is recognized easily and with pleasure, since the stylistic laconium feta is closely connected with the poetic symbolism, that is, with the eloquent language of images and picture parallels. The second dignity of the feta as a lyrics, closely related to his symbolism, it is his allegorism, that is, the ability, accurately designating the title of chants, select successful poetic comparisons to it, reviving interest in prosaic phenomenon; Examples - poems "on the railway" (comparing the railway train with the "Fiery Snake") and "steamer" (a steamer comparison with "evil dolphin"). The Third Virtue of the Great Lyrics - the ability to carelessly throw words, paintings and images, without connecting them stylistically, in full confidence that the internal connection will give as a result what is called mood; Well-known examples: "whisper. .. timid breath ... Tried nightingry "... etc. And" the wonderful picture, how are you relatives to me: White Plain ... Full Moon "... etc. Such poems are especially convenient for music , namely, for a romance. It is not surprising that, on the one hand, Fets a whole discharge of his poems launched the word "melodies", and on the other hand, many feta poems are illustrated by music by composers by Russians ("quiet starry night", "at the dawn, you are not Budi "," don't leave me "," I will not say anything to you, "Tchaikovsky's music, etc.) and foreign (the same" quiet starry night "," whisper, timid "and" I stood motionless long ", Music Music Viardo). The fourth positive quality of Feta lyrics is its version, rhythmically diverse, thanks to the diversity among the stop of the same size (example:" Quietly in the evening "- 4-stop jamb," Golden Mountains "- 3- Stop, etc., in the same order) and with successful attempts in innovation in combination of two-sided sizes with three-sided, for example, Yamba from amphibra Healy, which has long been practiced in German resentment, theoretically allowed us in Russia already Lomonosov, but in Russian verses to Feta met very rarely (an example from the "evening lights", 1891: "Long-in love for a long time" - 4- Stop Yamb - "Without a review of the sighs, without the joy of tears" - 4-stop amphibery, etc. in the same order). All these advantages are inherent in the entire region of the Fetovo original lyrics, regardless of its content. Sometimes, however, Fet loses a sense of measure and, by socille of excessive clarity and prosperity, falls into the charibd of excessive darkness and poetic porridge, ignoring the covenant of Turgenev regarding what "bewilderment is an enemy of aesthetic pleasure," and forgetting that in Schiller's words about wise Umagism should be emphasizing the word "wise" and that the Aristotelian "enjoyment of thinking" eliminates puzzling work on charade verses and verses-rebus. For example, when in the "evening lights" Fet, having a beauty, writes: "Sprouting gusts are prison, I pulled a jet and pure and passionate from the captive angel with the having wings," the words of Turgenev in a letter in Fetu 1858: " The EDIP, who resolved the sphinx mystery, would have overwhelmed from horror and would run away from these two chaotic-muddy-incomprehensible poems. " Therefore, they should be mentioned about these ambiguities of Fetovsky style because they imitate the Russian decades. According to its content, the original poetics of Sh. Can be divided into lyrics of sentiment: 1) love, 2) natural, 3) philosophical and 4) social. Like a singer of women and love for her, Fet can be called Slavic Heine; This is a geene child, without social irony and without world sorrow, but just as thin and nervous, and even more gentle. If Fet often speaks in his verses about the "dishonled circle", the surrounding woman, then his love lyrics is a close region of fragrant, idealistic beauty. It is difficult to imagine a more chivalry and tender worship of a woman than in verses at Feta. When he says to the tired beauty (in the poem: "Double glass patterns"): "You have been sickly, you hid, you were smart: you didn't rest for a long time, you are tired. Flight of a gentle wave, sweet dream, I will wait for calm beauty"; When he, seeing the in love with a couple, the feelings of which are not amenable to expression, exclaims with the living excitement (in the poem "she is an instant image", 1892): "Yes, who knows it, and who will express it?"; When the Trubadour sings with a cheerful merry morning serenade: "I came to you with greetings" and with a quiet tenderness of the evening Serenade "quietly the evening dear"; When he testering passionately in love with his beloved (in the poem "Oh, do not call!") That she does not need to call him with the words: "And do not call - but the song is making love to drink; on the first sound, as a child, I will pay, And - for you! "; When he lights his "Evening lights" "the crankshake and the beauty of the dying" (poem 1883, Polonyansky); When he (in the poem "if you please the morning") asks for the girl: "Give this rose to the poet" and promises her in exchange for ever-fragrant poems, "verse mound will find this ever-fragrant rose," it is possible not to admire this Love lyrics, and is not ready to repeat, reading feta, a grateful Russian woman's exclamation of Eve in Nuremberg Masonzingers "Richard Wagner, who grows la ends of his trumper, Walter:" No one, besides you, can notize love with such charm! " ("Keiner, WIE DU, SO SUSS ZU WERBEN MAG!"). Successful love-lyrical poems at Sh. Very much; They can be considered almost dozens. A large connoisseur and connoisseur of nature in general and Russian in particular, Fet created a number of masterpieces and in the field of lyrics of natural sentiment; This lyrics should be sought from him under the headings "Spring. Summer. Autumn. Snow. Sea." Who is not known for the readings of the poem "Sad shore at my window", "warm wind fuses quietly, the steppe is breathing with fresh life", "on the Dnieper in the flood" ("Light. The wind bent the elastic glass")? And how many more feta poems are less well-known, but similar and not worst! It loves nature in all its aggregate, not only the landscape, but also the kingdom of vegetable, and the animal in all the details; Therefore, he has so good poems "First Lily of Lily", "Cuckoo" (1886) and "Fish" ("Heat in the Sun", known for the texts). A variety of natural moods in feta is amazing; It is equally the autumn pictures (for example, "Handra", with its final poems: "Over a smoking glass of cooling tea, thank God! We gradually, as if I fall asleep.") And the spring (for example, "spring in the yard", with an optimistic conclusion : "On the air, a song trembles and melts, there is a green rye on the lump - and the voice is gentle towards: I will survive the spring!"). In the region of this kind of lyrics, Fet is on a par with Tyutchev, this Russian panther or, more precisely, a pansihist, spiritualizing nature. Noticeably below the Tyutchev Fet in its lyrical poems dedicated to philosophical contemplation; But a sincerely religious poet, who wrote his "memories" to trace the "Finger of God" in his life, in the "Evening Fires" gave some excellent samples of the distracted philosophical religious lyrics. These are the poems "on the ship" (1857), "to whom the crown: the goddess of the beauty" (1865), "not the Lord Might Might, incomprehensible" (1879), "When the divine speaking of human speeches" (1883), "I am shocked when Circle "(1885), etc. It is typical for Feta poetics the next difference between him and Lermontov: in the poem" on the air ocean "(in the" Demone ") Lermontov sneezes the bayronismlessness of the celestial luminaries, in the poem" praying stars "(in" Evening fires ") Fet chants the meek and Christian-religious compassion of stars to people (" tears in diamond tremble their gaze - still silently burn their prayers "); Lermontov has world grief, Feta has only world love. This world love feta, however, is not deep, for it is unable to argue humanity and modernly sh. Russian society, worried in the 1860s wide, to a certain extent with universal issues. Social lyrics Feta is very weak. Together with Mikikov and Polonsky, he decided to ignore the civil poetry at all, proclaiming it to Pariya among other kinds of lyrics. It was noted by the name of Pushkin; The theory of "art for art" was preached, a completely arbitrary, identified with "art for art" art without a social trend, without social content and significance. Fet divided this sad misconception: "Evening lights" turned out to be equipped with completely non-elective prefaces on the "art for art" themes, and sharp echoes of Katkovsky referee sounded in the "poems". In the poem "To the monument to Pushkin" (1880), Sh., For example, it characterizes the modern Russian society: "The trade ... where - Gam and Tesne, where the common Russian meaning of the procherk, as a sirota, and loudness - there, a murderer and a sanity To whom a furnace pot - all thoughts limit! ". In the poem "Quail" (1885) Sh. Pravit "smart" literary "cinema", which "quietly and cleverly died with an" iron cell ", while" quail "from the" iron needles "for himself" only Lysin di "! Special, Not a very significant place in the literary activities sh. His numerous translations. They are distinguished by the lifetime, but the syllable of them is much more intense, artificially and is not more correct than in the original Feta lyrics. Sh. missed the basic reception of the best of Russian poetic translators, Zhukovsky: To transfer the thought, not an expression of the original, replacing these expressions equivalent, but compiled in the spirit of the Russian language; Zhukovsky reached the ease and the grace of his translation verse, which almost did not need in comments that Fet too abundantly separates their translations of the ancient classics. Nevertheless. Less this is still the best poetic transfers from all other existing in the Russian literary market and dedicated to interpretation of the same authors. Especially known TNA Fetovo translations Horace, which S. translated Apparently CON AMORE, savoring the epicorean poetry of an ancient lyrics-landowner and mentally taking the parallel between the idyllic composting of Horace and his own rustic life. With excellent knowledge of German, Sh. Very successfully translated Schopenhauer and "Faust" Goethe. As a result, the best part of the original Feta lyrics ensures a very prominent place for him not only in Russian, but also in the Western European poetry of the XIX century. The best articles about Feta: V. P. Botkin (1857), Vladimir Solovyova ("Russian Review", 1890, љ 12) and R. Disterlo (in the same journal).

Life and creative fate A. A. Feta

Athanasius Afanasyevich Fet was born in the estate of the Novoselki Mtsensky County in November 1820. The story of his birth is not quite common. His father, Athanasius Neophytite Shenshin, Rothmist in retired, belonged to the old noble family and was a rich landowner. While treating in Germany, he married Charlotte Fet, which was taken to Russia from her husband and daughter. Two months later, Charlotte was born a boy called Afanasiy and the name of Shenshin. Fourteen years later, the spiritual authorities of the Eagle found that the child was born to the wedding of his parents, and Athanasius was deprived of the right to wear the surname of the father and deprived of the noble title. This event wounded an impressionable child, and he experienced the ambiguity of his position almost all his life. In addition, he had to listen to the noble laws, whom the church deprived him. He graduated from the university, where he studied first on legal, then at the philological faculty. At this time, in 1840, he published a separate book his first works that did not have, however, no success.

Having received education, Athanasius. Afanasyevich decided to become a military, as the officer Chin gave the opportunity to get a noble title. But in 1858 A. Fet was forced to resign. He never won the noble rights - at that time the nobility gave only the rank of Colonel, and he was headquartered by Rothmistrome. But years of military service can be considered a period of flourishing of its poetic activity. In 1850, A. Feta, celebrated by readers with delight. In St. Petersburg, he met Nekrasov, Panayev, Druzhinin, Goncharov, Language. Later, he became friends with Lvy Tolstoy. This friendship was long and fruitful for both.

During the Military Service of Athanasius Fet survived the tragic love for Maria Lazich, the fan of his poetry, a girl is very talented and educated. She also loved him, but they both were poor, and Fet for this reason did not dare to combine his fate with his beloved girl. Soon Maria Lazich died. Before his death, the poet remembered his unfortunate love, in many of his verses her unfavorable breathing hears.

In 1856, a new poet book saw the light. Coming out in resignation, A. Fet bought the land in the Mtsensky district and decided to devote himself to agriculture. Soon he married M. P. Botkin. In the village of Stepanovka Fet lived seventeen years old, only by a briefly by traveling to Moscow. Here, he found his highest decree that he was finally approved by the name of Shenshin with all the rights associated with her.

In 1877, Athanasiy Afanasyevich bought the village of Vorobyovka in Kursk province, where he spent the rest of his life, only for the winter leaving for Moscow. These years, unlike the years lived in Stepanovka, were marked by his return to the literature. All his poets signed the surname Fet: he acquired poetic fame under this name, and it was expensive him. During this period, A. Fet issued a meeting of his writings called "Evening lights" - there were only four releases.

A. A. Fet lived a long and difficult life. His literary fate was difficult. From his creative heritage a modern reader is well known poetry and much less - prose, journalism, translations, memoirs, letters. Without Athanasius Feta, it is difficult to imagine the life of literary Moscow of the XIX century. In his house, many famous people visited the spindle. For many years he was friends with A. Grigoriev, I. Turgenev. At the music evenings, Feta has overwhelmed all the literary and music Moscow.

Poems A. Feta is pure poetry in the sense that there is neither a bit of prose. He did not chance hot feelings, despair, delight, high thoughts, no, he wrote about the most simple - about nature, about the easiest movements of the soul, even about minute impressions. His poetry is joyful and light, it is filled with light and peace. Even his ruined love, the poet writes light and calmly, although his feeling is deep and fresh, as in the first minutes. Before the end of the life, Fet did not lose the ability to rejoice.

Beauty, naturalness, the sincerity of his poetry reach full perfection, the verse is amazingly expressive, shaped, music. It was not for nothing to his poetry and Tchaikovsky, and Roman-Korsakov, and Balakirev, and Rachmaninov, and other composers appealed to his poetry. "It's not just a poet, but rather a poet musician ..." Tchaikovsky spoke about him. A lot of romances have been written on the verses of Feta, which quickly won wide fame.

Feta can be called the singer of Russian Nature. Spring approximation and autumn wilting, fragrant summer night and frosty day, spread out without end and without the edge of an rye field and a thick shady forest - he writes about all this in his verses. The nature of Feta is always calm, crumbling, as if frozen. And at the same time, it is amazingly rich in sounds and paints, lives his life hidden from the inattentive eye:

I came to you with greetings,

That it is hot light
On sheets fluttered;

Tell me that the forest woke up
All woke up, the branch of each
Each bird was fixed
And the spring is full of thirst ...

Superbly transfers Fets and "fragrant freshness of feelings", inspired by nature, her beauty, charming. His poems are imbued with light, joyful mood, happiness of love. The poet extremely subtly reveals a variety of shades of human experiences. He knows how to catch and put in bright, live images are even fleeting spiritual movements that are difficult to designate and convey words:

Whisper, timid breathing,
Truck nighting
Silver and Krakhanye
Sleeping stream
Night night, night shadow,
Shadows without end,
A number of magical changes
Cute face
In smoke puffur Purple Roses,
Gleam amber
And lobsia, and tears,
And dawn, dawn! ..

Usually A. Fet in his verses stops on one figure, at one turn of feelings, and at the same time it cannot be called monotonous, on the contrary, it amazes with a variety and many topics. The special charm of his verses besides the content in the nature of poetry sentiment. Muse Feta is easy, air, there is nothing earthly in it, although she says to us about the earthly. There is almost no action in his poetry, each of his verse is a number of impressions, thoughts, joys and seals. Take at least such of them as "your ray, flying far ...", "Real eyes, insane eyes ...", "Sun beam near Lip ...", "I am in silence I extend my hand ... " other.

The poet challenged the beauty where he saw her, and he found it everywhere. He was an artist with an exceptionally developed sense of beauty; Probably, because the pictures of nature, which he reproduced as it is, is not allowing any decorations of reality, so beautiful in his verses. In his verses, we recognize a specific landscape - the middle strip of Russia.

In all the descriptions of Nature, the poet is immaculately faithful to her smallest darling, shades, moods. It was thanks to this that such poetic masterpieces were created as "whisper, timid breathing ...", "I came to you with greetings ...", "At the dawn, you are not boring her ...", "Zarya says goodbye to earth. .. ".

Feta Love Lyrics is the most outstanding page of his poetry. The heart of the poet is openly, he does not gear him, and the drama of his poems literally shocks, despite the fact that, as a rule, their main tonality is bright, major.

Poems A. A. Feta are loved in our country. Time unconditionally confirmed the value of his poetry, showed that we needed to us, people of the XXI century, because he speaks of the eternal and most intimate, opens the beauty of the surrounding world.

The main motives of lyrics in the work of A. A. Feta (Examination abstract work. Performed student of grade 9 "B" Ratkovsky A.A. High School No. 646. Moscow, 2004)

Creativity A. Feta

A. A. Fet occupies a completely special situation in Russian poetry of the second half of the XIX century. The public situation in Russia of those years implied the active participation of literature in civil proceedings, that is, the parade of poems and prose, as well as their pronounced civil orientation. Nekrasov gave the beginning of this movement, saying that each writer was obliged to "report" to society, to be primarily a citizen, and then a man of art. Fet of this principle did not adhere to, remaining out of politics, and thus filled his niche in the poetry of that era, sharing it with Tyutchev.

But if we recall the lyrics of Tyutchev, then she considers the human being in his tragity, Feta was considered a poet of serene rural joys, with contemplation. The landscape of the poet is distinguished by calm, peace. But maybe this is the outer side? Indeed, if you look closely, the feta lyrics are filled with drama, philosophical depths, which have always distinguished "big" poets from one-day authors. One of the main Fetovo topics is the tragedy of undivided love. The poem of such subjects reveal the facts of the biography of Feta, more precisely, what he survived the death of his beloved woman. The poems belonging to this topic rightly received the name "Monologues to the Dead".

You reduced, I'm still suffering
Doubt me destined to breathe
And tremble, and I avoid my heart
See what it is impossible to understand.

With this tragic motive, other poems are intertwined, whose names are eloquently talking about the subject: "Death", "" Life swept without an explicit trace, "" Easy in the MGL memories ... "As you can see, idyll is not just" diluted "with sadness of the poet She is absent at all. The illusion of well-being is created by the desire of the poet to overcome suffering, dissolve them in the joy of everyday being, mined from pain, in the harmony of the world around. The poet bits together with all the nature after the storm:

When under the cloud, transparent and clean,
He dawns that passed the day of bad weather,
Minks do not find and do not find a bush,
So that he cried and did not shine from happiness ...

The view of Feta on nature is similar to Tyutchev's glance: the main thing in it is the movement, direction of the flow of vital energy, which charges people and their poems. Fet wrote Lerl Nikolayevich Tolstoy: "In the artistic work, tension is a great thing." It is not surprising that the lyrical plot of Feta unfolds during the greatest voltage of human spiritual forces. The poem "At the dawn, you will not be boudes" demonstrates exactly such a moment »Reflective condition of the heroine:

And the brighter the moon shone,
And the call of the nightingale,
She became all the pale
The heart beat the hurts and the Higher.

In the consonance with this verse - the appearance of another heroine: "You sang to dawn, in tears exhausted." But the most striking masterpiece Feta, who displaced the inner spiritual event in the life of a person-poem "whisper, timid breathing ..." in this verse - a lyrical plot, that is, nothing happens at the event level, but a detailed expandment of the feelings and experiences of the hero is given The states of the lord of the soul, painting a night date - namely it is described in the poem - in bizarre colors. Against the background of night shadows, silver of a quiet stream shakes, and a wonderful night painting is complemented by a change in the lover of the beloved. The last stanza is metaphorically complex, since it is precisely for her an emotional climax of a poem:

In smoke puffur Purple Roses,
Gleam amber
And lobsia, and tears,
And dawn, dawn! ...

Behind these unexpected images are hiding the features of her beloved, her mouth, the shine of her smiles. This and other fresh poems Fet is trying to prove that poetry is audible, which claims to change the usual movement. In this regard, it is indicative of the verse "one shock to drive his alive Ladv ...". His theme is the nature of the inspiration of the poet. Creativity is considered as high takeoff, jerk, an attempt to achieve unattainable. Fet directly calls its poetic benchmarks:

Dusty sleep interrupt with a single sound,
Suddenly unknown, native,
Give life sigh, give sweetness to secret flour ...

Another ultrafast of poetry is the consolidation of the world in eternity, the reflection of a random, elusive ("Alien IMIG to feel your"). But that the images reaches the reader's consciousness, you need a special, not similar to any musicality. Fet applies many techniques of sound survey (alliteration, association), and Tchaikovsky even said: "Fets in the best minutes goes from the limits specified by poetry, and safely takes a step into our area."

So what did Lyric Feta show us? He walked from the darkness of the death of a loved one to the light of the joy of being, illuminating his way with fire and light in his poems. For this, he is called the solar poet of Russian literature (everyone knows the lines: "I came to you with greetings, tell that the sun rose"). Fet is not afraid of life after shock, he believes and keeps faith in the victory of arts over time, in the immortality of an excellent moment.

Poems A. Feta is pure poetry, in the sense that there is neither a bit of prose. Usually he did not chance hot feelings, despair, delight, high thoughts, no, he wrote about the most simple - about the pictures of nature, about the rain, about the snow, about the sea, about the mountains, about the forest, about the stars, about the simplest movements of the soul, Even a minute impressions. His poetry is joyful and light, it is inherent in the feeling of light and peace. Even about his ruined love, he writes light and calmly, although his feeling is deep and fresh, as in the first minutes. Before the end of the life, Feta did not change the joy, which almost all of his poems are penetrated.

"Feta poetry - Nature itself, mirror-looking through the human soul ..."

In the traditional world and Russian lyrics, the theme of nature is one of the main, necessarily affected topics. And Feta also has this topic reflected in many of his poems. The theme of nature in his works is closely intertwined with love lyrics, and with a characteristic of feta theme of beauty, united and indivisible. In the early poems of the 40s, the theme of nature is not expressed clearly, the images of the nature of common, not detailed:

Wonderful picture
How do you like you:
White plain,
Full moon...

The poets of the 40s, when describing nature, relied mainly on the receptions characteristic of heine, i.e. Instead of a connected description, some impressions were given. Many poems of the early Feta were criticized to "Gaynevsky". For example, "noisy blizzard was noisy," where the poet expresses the mood without a psychological analysis of him and without clarifying the plot situation with which it is connected. The outside world is painted by the moods of the lyrical "me", animated, animated them. This is how the characteristic Fetovo humanization of nature appears; It often appears emotional expression, excited by nature, there is no such characteristic later of bright and accurate details, allowing to judge the picture as a whole. Love feta to nature, knowledge of it, concretization and subtle observations of it manifest themselves in his verses fully in the 50s. Probably, to the passion for them with landscape lyrics at that time influenced his rapprochement with Turgenev. The phenomena of nature becomes more specifically more than the predecessors of Feta, which is characteristic and the day of prose Turgenev. Feta is depicted not at all birch as a symbol of the Russian landscape, and the concrete birch at the porch of his own home, is not at all the way with its infinity and unpredictability, and the particular road that can be seen from the threshold of the house. Or, for example, in his verses there are not only traditional birds, which are clearly symbolic, but also birds, like Lun, Owl, Chernysh, Kulik, Chibis, Streach, and others, each of which is shown in its originality:

Behind the cloud up to half hidden
The moon shine has not yet dares.
Here the beetle took off and discharged angrily,
Here the LUN looked, did not move the wing.

The landscapes of Turgenev and Feta are similar not only in the accuracy and subtlety of observations on the phenomena of nature, but also in sensations, images (for example, the image of a falling land, "existing nature"). Fet, like Turgenev, seeks to fix, describe changes in nature. Its observations can easily be grouped or, for example, in the image of the time of the year it is clearly determined by the period. Lives depicted late autumn:

Gotten to die last flowers
And waited with frost breathing sadness;
Klenheli klenheli on the edges,
Polka dot fights down, and rose rose, -

or the end of winter:

More spring fragrant flashers
We did not have time to move
More ravines are full of snow,
Still gay thunder cart
On the frozen path ...

It can be easily understood, because The description is given accurately and clearly. Fet likes to describe exactly a certain time, signs of this or that weather, the beginning of one or another phenomenon in nature (for example, rain in the "Spring Rain"). Similarly, it is possible to determine that Fet for the most part, gives a description of the central regions of Russia.

It is the nature of the middle strip of Russia that the cycle of poems "snow" is devoted to the cycle of snow and many poems from other cycles. According to Feta, this nature is beautiful, but not everyone is able to catch this non-market beauty. He is not afraid to repeated recognition in love for this nature, to the game of light and sound in it. "To the natural circle, which the poet calls a shelter many times:" I love the shelter your sad and evening the village is deaf ... ". Fet always worshiped beauty; The beauty of nature, the beauty of a person, the beauty of love - this independent lyrical motifs are stitched in the artistic world of the poet into a single and indivisible idea of \u200b\u200bbeauty. From everyday life, he leaves there, "where the thunderstorms fly by ..." for feta nature - an object of artistic delight, aesthetic pleasure. She is the best mentor and wise adviser to man. It is the nature that helps to solve riddles, the secrets of human being. In addition, for example, in the poem "whisper, timid breathing ..." The poet perfectly reports instant sensations, and, alternating them, he transmits the state of heroes, to the consonance of the nature of a person's soul, and the happiness of love:

Whisper, timid breathing,
Truck nighting
Silver and Krakhanye
Sleeping stream ....

Fet managed to transfer the movements of the soul and nature without verbs, which is undoubtedly an innovation in Russian literature. But there is also pictures in which the top supports are the verbs, as, for example, in the poem "Evening"?

Sounded over the clear river
Ranked in a meadow meadow "
Rolled over the grove of the unwit
Lit up on the beach ...

Such a transfer of what is happening speaks of another feature of the Feta landscape lyrics: the main tonality is set by the difficult impressions of sounds, odors, vague outlines, to transfer which in words is very difficult. It is a combination of concreteness of observations with bold and unusual associations make it possible to clearly represent the described picture of nature. You can talk about the impressionism of feta poetry; It is with a bias to impressionism that is associated with an innovation in the image of nature phenomena. More precisely, items and phenomena are depicted by the poet as they appeared to his perception, which they seemed to him at the time of writing. And the description is not focused on the image itself, but on the impression produced by them. Apparent Feta describes as real:

Over the lake swan in the reed pulled,
The forest overturned in the water,
The peaks of the peaks in the dawn
Between the two flexing the heavens.

In general, the motive of "reflections in the water" is found quite often at the poet. Probably, unsubstantiated reflection provides more freedom of the artist's fantasy than the reflected subject itself. Fet depicts the outside world as his mood gave him. With all the truthfulness and concreteness, the description of nature primarily serves as a means of expressing a lyrical feeling.

Usually A. Fet in his verses stops on one figure, at one turn of feelings, and at the same time it cannot be called monotonous, on the contrary, it amazes with a variety and many topics. The special charm of his verses besides the content in the nature of poetry sentiment. Muse Feta is easy, air, there is nothing earthly in it, although she says to us about the earthly. There is almost no action in his poetry, each of his verse is a whole type of impressions, thoughts, joys and seals. Take at least such of them as "your ray, flying far ...", "Real eyes, insane eyes ...", "Sun beam near Lip ...", "I am in silence I extend my hand ... " and etc.

The poet challenged the beauty where he saw her, and he found it everywhere. He was an artist with an extremely developed sense of beauty, probably because the paintings of nature, which he took such, what it is, not allowing any decorations of reality. In his verses, seeing the landscape of the middle strip Rossim.

In all descriptions of Nature, A. Fet is immaculately faithful to its smallest darling, shades, moods. It is because of this that the poet created an amazing work, here for so many years amazing us with psychological accuracy, filigree accuracy, such poetic masterpieces belong to the number, as "whisper, timid breathing ...", "I came to you with greetings ... "," At the dawn, you will not be boring her ... "," Zarya says goodbye to earth ... ".

Fet builds a picture of the world, which he sees, feels, tangles, hears. And in this world everything is important and significantly: both clouds, and the moon, and the beetle, and the Lun, and the corner, and the stars, and the Milky Way. Each bird, every flower, every tree and each blasting, not just constituting the general picture - they all have only inherent signs, even character. Pay attention to the poem "Butterfly":

You're right. One air outline
I'm so sweet.
My all velvet with his lively migan -
Only two wings.
Do not ask: where did you come from?
Where to spend?
Here on the flower I lightweight
And here - breathing.
Li, without a goal, without effort,
I want to breathe?
That's now, flashering, Raskin's wings
And leaf.

The "feeling of nature" in feta is universal. It is almost impossible to single out a purely landscape lyrics of feta, without breaking the relationship with its vital organ - human person, subordinate to the general laws of natural life.

Defining the property of his worldview, Fet wrote: "Only a person, and only he is one in all the universe, feeling the need to ask: what is surrounding nature? Where did it all? What is he himself? Where? Where to? What for? And the higher the person than the most powerful of his moral nature, the sincere the these questions arise in it. " "Nature has created this poet in order to overhear oneself, to spill and understand the very whole. In order to find out what he thinks about her, nature, a man, her brainchild, as he perceives her. Nature created a feta in order to spend - how to perceives her sensitive man's soul "(L. Ozers).

Feet relations with nature is a complete dissolution in its world, this is the state of the fading of the miracle:

I'm waiting ... a nightingale echo
Rushing with a brilliant river
Grass under the moon in diamonds,
Fireless burns on Tmin.
I'm waiting ... Dark blue sky
Both in small and large stars,
I hear heartbeat
And thrill in hands and legs.
I'm waiting ... I've gotten from the south;
Warm me to stand and go;
Star rolled to the west ...
Sorry, Golden, sorry!

Let us turn to one of the most famous poems of Feta, which at one time brought a lot of chagrins at one time, causing the entrance of one, the confusion of others, numerous ridicule of adherents of traditional poetry - in general, a whole literary scandal. This little poem has become for the critics of a democratic sense by the embodiment of the thought of the hastyness and the excitation of poetry. More than thirty parodies were written on this poem. Here it is:

Immediately creates a sense of movement, dynamic changes that occur not only in nature, but also in the soul of man. Meanwhile, there is not a single verb in the poem. And how much joyful to do with love and life in this poem! Not by chance a favorite day of the day Feta was the night. She, like poetry, is refuge from the bustle and magty of the day:

At night somehow to breathe smoke
Somehow spacious ...

recognized the poet. He can speak at night, he turns to her, like a living being, close and native:

Hello! A thousand times my hello to you, night!
Again and again I love you,
Quiet, warm,
Silver bordered!
Robbo, put in a candle, I go to the window ...
I do not see me, but I myself see everything ...

Poems A. A. Feta are loved in our country. Time unconditionally confirmed the value of his poetry, showed that she needed to us, people of the 20th century, because he hurts the most intimate strings of the soul, opens the beauty of the surrounding world.

Aesthetic appeal Feta

Aesthetics - the science of beautiful. And the views of the poet on the fact that there is a beautiful in this life, they are under the influence of various circumstances. Everything plays its special role - and the conditions in which the childhood of the poet, which has formed its ideas about life and beauty, and the influence of teachers, books, favorite authors and thinkers, and the level of education, and the conditions of all subsequent life. Therefore, it can be said that aesthetics feta is the reflection of the tragedy of the division of his life and poetic fate.

So Polonsky is very true and accurately determined the confrontation between the two worlds - the world of life and the world poetic, which not only felt the poet, but also declared as a given. "My ideal world was destroyed for a long time ..." - confessed Fet back in 1850. And at the site of this destroyed ideal world, he erected a different world - a purely real, weekday, filled with prosecical affairs and concerns, aimed at achieving not a high poetic goal. And this world is unbearable in the soul of the poet, not by a minute I do not let go of his mind. In this generation of existence, aesthetics of feta is formed, the main principle of which he formulated for himself and forever and never retreat from him: poetry and life are incompatible, and they never merge. Fet was convinced; Live for life - it means to die for art, resurrect for art - die for life. That is why, plunging into household engines, Fet has left literature for many years.

Life is a grievous work, an oppressive longing and
suffering:
Suffer, the whole century suffer, aimlessly, free,
Try the emptiness to fill and disappear
As with each new attempt deeper the abyss,
Again to be mad, strive and suffer.

In the understanding of the ratio of life and art, Fet proceeded from the teachings of his beloved German philosopher of Schopenhauer, whose book "the world like will and performance" he translated into Russian.

Schopenhauer argued that our world is the worst of all possible worlds "that suffering is inevitably inherent in life. This world is nothing more than an isna of tortured and intimidated creatures, and the only possible way out of this world is death, which gives rise to Schopenhauer's ethics of suicide. Relying on the teachings of Schopenhauer, and before the acquaintance with him, Fet did not get tired to firmly, that life is generally low, is meaningless, boring that its main content is suffering and there is only one mysterious, incomprehensible grief in this world and bored in the sphere of genuine, clean joy - Beauty sphere, special world,

Where the storms fly past
Where is the mind passionate clean, -
And dedicated only view
Flowers Spring and Beauty
("What sadness! End of Alley ...")

Poetic condition is cleansing from everything too human, access to the spaciousness of the Tensin of life, awakening from sleep, but first of all, poetry is overcoming suffering. This is talking about this in his poetic manifesto "Muza", the epigraph to which Pushkin's words "we are born for inspiration, for the sounds of sweet and prayers."

About myself as a poet Fet says:

His Divine Power

And to human happiness.

The key images of this poem and the entire aesthetic system of Feta are the words "Divine Power" and "Enjoyment High". Possessing a huge power over the human soul, truly divine, poetry is able to convert life, clean the soul of a person from the whole earthly and apparent, only she is able to "give life a sigh, to give the sweetness to secret flour."

An eternal object of art, by conviction of feta, is beauty. "Peace in all its parts," PET wrote, is equally beautiful. Beauty is spilled throughout the universe. The entire poetic world of A. Feta is located in this area of \u200b\u200bbeauty and fluctuates between three vertices - nature, love and creativity. All these three poetic objects are not only in contact with each other, but are closely interrelated, penetrate into each other, forming a unified fusion artistic world - Fetovo universe of beauty, which is spilled in everything, hidden for ordinary eyes, but a harmonic poet is sensitive to the sixth sense The essence of the world is music. According to L. Lake, "Russian Lyrics gained one of the most musical gifted masters in Feta. Stacked on paper letters, his lyrics sounds, like notes, the truth for those who can read these notes

The words of Feta composed the music of Tchaikovsky and Taneyev, Roman-Korsakov and Grechaninov, Romans and Spendiars, Rebikiki and Viardo Garcia, Varlamov and Balakiv, Balakirev and Rakhmaninov, Zolotarev and Goldenveyor, direction and Kalinnikov and many other, many others. The number of musical opuses is measured by hundreds. "

Love motifs in Feta lyrics.

On the slope of the life of Fet "lit the evening lights", lived by Gosses of his youth. Thoughts about the last did not leave him, and attended in the most unexpected moments. It was enough to have the slightest external occasion, say, sounded words similar to the long-said, flash on the dam or in the Alley dress, similar to the fact that in those days saw on it.

It happened thirty years ago. In Kherson, he met a girl in Kherson. The name of her Maria, she was twenty-four years old, he was twenty-eight. Her father, goat Lazich, by the origin of the Serb, the descendant of those two hundred of their tribesmen, who in the middle of the XVIII century moved to the south of Russia together with Ivan Croat, founded here in Novorossia, the first military settlement. From the daughters of General Resignation Lazic Senior Hope, an elegant and frisky, beautiful dancer, possessed bright beauty and a cheerful temper. But she was not captured by the heart of the young Kirassira Feta, and less catchy Maria.

High, slender brunette, discreet, not to say strict, it is in all, however, he gave way to her sister, but surpassed her luxury black, thick hair. It must be and forced to pay attention to her feta, appreciated in the beauty of women primarily the hair, in which many lines of his poems are convinced.

Usually did not participate in noisy fun in the house of his uncle Petkovich, where he often came and where youth gathered, Maria preferred to play for dancing on the piano, for was a magnificent musician that the Ferenc Sheltered himself, having heard her game once.

Spoken with Maria, Fet was amazed how extensive her knowledge in the literature, especially in poetry. In addition, she turned out to be a long-standing fan of his own creativity. It was unexpected and nice. But the main "field of rapproche" was George Sand with its charming language, inspired descriptions of nature and completely new, unprecedented relations of lovers. Nothing brings together people as art general-poetry in the broad sense of the word. Such unanimity in itself poetry. People become more sensitive and feel and understand that for a complete explanation of what no words are not enough.

"It was not doubtful," will remember Afanasy Afanasyevich on the slope of life, "that she had long understood sincere trepid, with which I entered into a pretty atmosphere. I understood that words and silence in this case are equivalent. "

In a word, a deep feeling broke out between them, and Fet, filled with him, writes to her friend: "I met a girl - a wonderful house, education, I did not seek her - I am, but fate - and we learned that I would be very happy after Different everyday storms, if they could live peacefully without any complaints about anything. That we said to each other, but for this it is necessary anyhow and anywhere? My funds are known to you, it doesn't have anything too ... "

The material question and became the main stumbling block on the way to happiness. Fet believed that the most volatory sorrow in the present does not give them the right to go to the inevitable grief of the rest of his life, since there will be no wealth.

Nevertheless, their conversations continued. It happened everything will disperse, the time is already at midnight, and they can not speak. Sit on the sofa in Alcove living room and they say, they say with a dim light of a colored lamp, but never proved to have their mutual feelings.

Their conversations in a secluded corner did not remain unnoticed. Fet felt responsible for the honor of the girl - after all, he was not a boy who was fond of a minute, and was very afraid to put it in an unfavorable light.

And once, in order to burn the ships of their mutual hopes at once, she gathered in spirit and spoke her thoughts to her about what the marriage was impossible for himself. To which she replied, she likes to talk with him, without any encroachment on his freedom. As for human moloss, it does not intend to disagree with him because of the refirms.

"I do not get married to Lazich," he writes to a friend, "and she knows it, and meanwhile begins not to interrupt our relationship, she prevales the snow - to interrupt it in prison and not to interrupt it, she needs Solomon." It was necessary to have a wise decision.

And a strange thing: Fet, who considered an indecision to the main line of his character, suddenly showed hardness. However, it was so unexpected. If you remember his own words that the school of life, who held it all the time in his hunters, developed in it to the extreme reflection and he never allowed himself a step to step thoughtlessly, it would be clearer and this is his decision. Those who knew feta well, for example, L. Tolstoy, celebrated this "attachment to life", its practicism and utilitarianism. It will be more accurate to say, the earthly and spiritual fought in it, the reason to fought with a heart, often prevailing. It was not easy, deeply hidden from foreign eyes the fight against his own soul, as he said himself, "the rapidness of idealism to life by vulgar."

So, Fet decided to stop relations with Mary, what he wrote to her himself. In response, "the most friendly and sedative letter" came. It seemed to be the time "Spring His Soul". After a while he was told a terrible message. Maria Lazich tragically died. She died terrible death, the mystery of which is still not revealed. There is a reason to think, according to, for example, D. D. Good that the girl committed suicide. He saw her with some kind of sense of love, almost with bodily and mental closeness and more clearly conscious-happiness, which then survived, there was so much that it was scary and sinful to desire and ask God more.

In one of the most favorite fated poems, Fet wrote:

I dare to man in mind,
Wake the dream cardiac force
And with the unheated timid and sad
Your love to remember.

Natural and human in the merger give harmony, a sense of beauty. Feta Lyrics inspires love for life, to its origins, to simple joys of being. Over the years, getting rid of poetic time stamps, Fet is approved in his lyrical mission of the singer of love and nature. Morning Day and Morning of the Year remain the symbols of the Fetovo lyrics.

The image of love-memories in Feta lyrics

Love Lyrics A. Feta represents a very unique phenomenon, as almost all addressed to one woman - untimely gone from the life of the beloved Feta Maria Lazich, and it gives it a special emotional color.

The death of Mary finally poisoned the already "bitter" life of the poet, about this tells us his poems. "The enthusiastic singer of love and beauty did not go for his feeling. But the feeling, tested by Fetom, passed through his whole life to a deep old age. Love for Lazic vigorously broke into the lyrics of Feta, informing her drama, confessional discrepancy and removing the shade of idyll and milence from it. "

Maria Lazich died in 1850, and more than forty years, that the poet lived without her, was filled with bitter memories of his "burnt love." Moreover, this traditional metaphor in the consciousness and lyrics of the feta was fully realized and therefore even more terrible content.

The last time your image is cute
I dare to man in mind,
Wake the dream cardiac force
And with the unheated timid and sad
Your love to remember ...

The fact that the fate could not connect, connected poetry, and in their verses Fet again and again appeals to his beloved as a living, listening to him with the love of the essence,

As a genius you, unexpected, slim,
From heaven flew to me light
I am humbled my restless mind
On the face, the eyes attracted.

The poem of this group is distinguished by a special emotional flavor: they are filled with joy, ecstasy, delight. Here the image of love-experiences is dominated, often fused with nature. Feta Lyrics becomes embodied by memory of Mary, the monument, the "lively sculpture" of the poet's love. The tragic shade give love lyrics of feta motifs of guilt and punishment, which clearly sound in many verses.

Long dreamed of cries of your screams, -
That was the voice of resentment, impotence of crying;
Long, for a long time I dreamed of that joyful moment,
I missed you - an unfortunate executioner ...
I filed a hand to me, asked: "Going?"
A little in my eyes I noticed two droplets of tears;
These sparks in the eyes and cold trembling
I am in the sleepless nights forever suffered.

It draws attention to herself a steady and infinitely diverse motive of love and burning in love lyrics. Truly burnt Maria Lazich fallen and the poetry of his beloved. "What would he write about, even in verses addressed to other women, presenting her image, her short life burned from love. No matter how sometimes banal is this image or his verbal expression, it is convinced of feta. Moreover, he is the basis of his love lyrics. "

The lyrical hero calls himself a "executioner", thereby emphasizing the awareness of his guilt. But he is the "unfortunate" executioner, since, destroying the beloved, destroyed himself, his own life. And therefore, in the love lyrics, the motive of death as the only possibility not only to redeem his guilt, but also to re-connect with his beloved, in the love lyrics next to the image of love-memories. Only death can return what is taken away:

These are not - and I'm not afraid of the coffins,
I envy your silence is yours
And, not judging by neither stupidity, no malice,
Mostly soon your nonsense!

Life lost its meaning for the hero, turning into a chain of suffering and losses, in the "bitter", "poisoned" Cup, which he had to be used to the bottom. In the lyrics of Feta, there is a tragic oppression of two images - a lyrical character and heroine. He is alive, but dead soul, and she, who has long been deceased, lives in his memory and in verse. And this memory, he will retain loyalty until the end of his days.

Perhaps love lyrics Feta is the only area of \u200b\u200bthe poet's creativity in which his life impressions reflected. Probably because love poems are so different from those that are devoted to nature. They do not have the joy, the feeling of happiness of the lifestyle, which we will see in the landscape lyrics of Feta. As L. L. Ozerov wrote, "Feta's love lyrics is the most inflamed zone of his experiences. Here he is not afraid of anything: neither self-regulation, nor curses on the part, no direct speech, nor an indirect or forte, nor Pianissimo. Here the Lirik will give the trial of himself. It goes on execution. Burns yourself. "

Damage impressionism in Feta lyrics

Impressionism is a special direction in the art of the XIX century, which has established in French painting in the 70s. Impressionism means the impression, that is, the image is not an object as such, and the impression that this subject produces, fixation by the artist of its subjective observations and impressions from reality, volatile sensations and experiences. A special feature of this style was "the desire to transfer the subject in fragmentary, instantly fixing every sensation of strokes."

Feta's desire to show the phenomenon in all the variety of its changeable forms brings together a poet with impressionism. Vranko peering into the outside world and showing it as he appears at the moment, Fet produces brand new for poetry techniques, impressionistic style.

He is interested in not so much the subject as the impression produced by the subject. Fet depicts the outside world in the form that matches the appearance of the poet. With all the truthfulness and concreteness of the description of nature, first of all serve as a means of expressing a lyrical feeling.

The innovation of Feta was so brave that many contemporaries did not understand his poems. During the life of Feta, his poetry did not find due response from his contemporaries. Only the twentieth century truly opened Feta, his amazing poetry, which gives us the joy of recognition of the world, the knowledge of his harmony and perfection.

"For all the Feta lyrics, in the century after its creation, it is primarily important, first of all, its spirituality, spiritual challenges, the non-presence of the young life of life, the trepidation of spring and the transparent wisdom of autumn," L. Ozers wrote. - Read Feta - and Rent: Everything else your life is ahead. How much good throws a day. It is worth living! Such Fet.

In the poem, written in September 1892 - two months before death - Fet admits:

The thought of fresh, the soul of Volina;
Each moment I want to say:
"It's me!" But I'm silent.
Poet is silent? Not. He says his poetry. "

Bibliography

* R. S. Belasov "Russian Love Lyrics" printed in the Kurskiy True printing house - 1986.
* Aslanova "In captivity of legends and fantasies" 1997. five.
* M. L. Gasparov "Selected Proceedings" Moscow. 1997. T.2.
* A. V. Druzhinin "Beautiful and Eternal" Moscow. 1989.
* V. Solovyov "Meaning of Love" Selected Works. Moscow. 1991.
* I. Dry "Myth Feta: a moment and eternity // Star" 1995. №11.
* To prepare this work, materials from the site http://www.referat.ru/ were used

Was A.A. Fet romantic? (Ranchin A. M.)

The poem "How poor is our language! - I want and I can not ... "It is considered one of the poetic manifests of Feta Romance. Feet characteristic as a romantic poet is almost generally recognized. But there is a different opinion: "It seems questionable common ideas about the romantic characteristic of Feta lyrics. Being such a psychological premise (repulsion from the prose of life), it is opposite to romanticism on the result, according to the ideal implemented. Feta has almost absent for romanticism the motives of alienation, care, flight, opposition of the "natural life of artificial being of civilized cities", etc. Fetovsky beauty (in contrast to say, from Zhukovsky and, subsequently, from the block) completely earthly, pretentious. One of the oppositions of the usual romantic conflict, he simply leaves his world abroad.

The artistic world of Feta is homogeneous "(Sukhikh I.N. Shenshin and Fet: Life and Poems // Fet A. Poems / entry. Art. I.N. Dry; Sost. And notes. A.V. Uspenskaya. SPb., 2001 ("The new library of the poet. Small series"). P.40-41) or another saying: "What is the Fetov world? This is nature, seen near, close-up, in detail, but at the same time, slightly removed, outside the practical feasibility, through the prism of beauty "(ibid. Pp. 43, when characterizing antithesis, oppositions expressing the idea of \u200b\u200bthe buses, as a sign of romanticism I.N. Such refers to the book: Mann Yu.V. Dynamics of Russian romanticism. M., 1995). Meanwhile, the delimitation of the world of the ideal and world real in poetry relating to romantic, absolutely not necessarily has the nature of the tough antithesis; So, on the unity of the world of the ideal and world of the real, the early German romance was made (see: Zhirmunsky V.M. German romanticism and modern mysticism / pre-as. and comments. A.G. Astanzaturova. SPb., 1996. P. 146-147 ).

According to V.L. Korovina, "Feta Poetry is a jubilant, festive. Even the tragic poems carry some exemption. Hardly what other poet there is so much "light" and "happiness" - the inexplicable and unfortunate happiness, which the Feta has bees, from which sheets and lists are crying and shine. "The mad happiness is a wonderful trep" - the mood dominating in his lyrics is marked by these words, up to the latest poems "(Korovin V.L. Athanasiy Afanasyevich Fet (1820-1892): Essays of life and creativity // HTTP: / /www.portal-slovo.ru/rus/philology/258/421).

This is a "common place" of the literature on the Feta, which is customary to refer to "one of the most" bright "Russian poets" (L.M. L.M. Fet // History of Russian literature: in 4 t. L., 1982. 3. P. 425). However, unlike many other, writing and writing about the Feta, the research researcher makes several very important clarifications: the motives of the harmony of the world of nature and the person are characteristic of the lyrics of the period of the 1850s., While in the 1840s. Conflicts are depicted in nature and in the soul of man, in lyrics of the late 1850 - 1860s. The harmony of nature is opposed to the disharmony of the experiences "I"; In the lyrics of the 1870s, the motive of the disorder is growing and the theme of death prevails; In the works of 1880 - early 1890s. "The poet's low reality and life struggle opposes the art and unity with nature, but the mind and knowledge" (ibid. P. 443). This periodization (as, strictly speaking, and any other) can be supplied in schematic and in subjectivity, but the idea of \u200b\u200bthe Feta is a singer of the joy of life, it rightly adjusts.

Back in 1919. Poet A.V. Tuffanov talked about Feta poetry as a "cheerful hymn enthusiastic and enlightenment of the spirit" of the artist (theses of the report "Lyrics and Futurism"; Cyt. Under article: Cruzians A. A.V. Tufanov: Arkhangelian period (1918-1919) // New Literary Review. 1998. No. 30. P. 97). According to D.D. The good, "nothing terrible, cruel, ugly access to the world of Fetovo lyrics is not: it is worn only from beauty" (the good of D. Athanasius Feta is a poet and a person // A. Fet. Memories / Preported. D. Good; Sost. And notes . A. Tarkhova. M., 1983. 20). But: Feture Feta for D.D. Good, unlike I.N. Dry, nevertheless, "romantic pathos and by the method", as the "romantic version" of Pushkin's "reality poetry" (ibid. S. 19).

A.E. Tarhov interpreted the poem "I came to you with greetings ..." (1843) as the quintessence of the motives of Fetovsky creativity: "In his four strangers, with a four-time repetition of the verb" tell ", Fet, as it were, I called everything about it, what he came to tell in Russian poetry, about the joyful shine of the sunny morning and the passionate thrill of a young, spring life, about the thirsty happiness of the loving soul and the irrepressible song, ready to merge with the fun of the world "(Tarkhov A. Lirik Athanasius Fet // Fet A.A. Poems. Poems. Translations . M., 1985. P. 3).

In another article, the researcher, based on the text of this poem, gives a peculiar list of repetitive, unchanged motives of Feta poetry: "In first place, we put a favorished criticism of the criticism:" dishonled freshness "- it indicated the unique-fetov" sense of spring ".

Fetal inclination to find poetry in a circle of items of the simplest, ordinary, homemade can be defined as "intimate home".

Love feeling in Feta poetry seemed to many critics as "passionate sensuality."

The fullness and the primacy of human nature in Fetovo poetry is its "primitive nature".

And finally, the characteristic Fetovo motive "fun" can be called "joyful festivity" "(Tarkhov A.E." Music of the chest "(about life and poetry Afanasia Feta) // Fet A.A. Works: at 2 t. M., 1982. T. 1. P. 10).

However, A.E. Tarhov stipulates that such a characteristic can be assigned primarily by the 1850s - by the time of the "highest take-off" of the "Poetic Glory" feta (ibid. P. 6). As a turning point, crisis for poet A.E. Tarhov calls 1859, when the fame of the fire was plants in the bright sun in the forest in the forest ... "and the bladder, containing the motives of the bodiness and longing of being and aging," screaming quail, crack kosor ... "(ibid. P. 34-37). It should, however, take into account that 1859 is the time of the publication of both poems when they were written, just not known.

But the opinion of A.S. Kouchner: "Perhaps no one who has anything else, except that the early Pasternak, did not express himself with such a frank, almost shameless force, this emotional gust, delight before joy and miracle - in the first line of the poem:" How rich I am mad verses! .. "," What night! On all some kind of neglect! .. "," Oh, this rural day and glitter it is beautiful ... ", etc.

And the saddest motives are still accompanied by this completeness of feelings, hot breathing: "What sadness! The end of the alley ... "," What a cold autumn! .. "," Sorry! In the MGL of the memories ... "" (Kushner A.S. Sigh of poetry // Kushner A. Apollo in the grass: Essays / Poems. M., 2005. P. 8-9). Cf. Conditional commodity Impressionistic definition of properties of feta poetry, given by M.L. Gasparov: "The world of Feta is the night, a bunny garden, divinely pouring melody and overcrowded with love heart ..." (Gasparov M.L. Selected articles. M., 1995 (new literary review. Scientific app. Issue 2). P. 281 ). However, these properties of Feta poetry do not interfere with the researcher to consider it to romantics (see: ibid. P. 287, 389; Wed. P. 296). The movement of the meaning in the fetan poems from the image of the outside world to the expression of the world of internal, to the acquisition in the surrounding lyrical "I" nature, "the dominant principle of romantic lyrics" (ibid. P. 176).

This thought is not new, she spoke at the beginning of the last century (see: Darsky D.S. "Joy of Earth". Investigation of Feta lyrics. M., 1916). B.V. Nikolsky described the emotional world of Fetov's lyrics so: "All the integrity and enthusiasm of his rapid mind most clearly affected by the cult of beauty"; "The cheerful anthem is non-chimitically closed in his vocation of the artist-Pantheist (who believes in the Divine Essence, an animation of nature. - A. R.) Elegant entrance and enlightenment of the spirit among the beautiful world - that's what the feta poetry philosophical content is; But at the same time, the background of joy at Feta is the suffering as a constant law of being: "The prerequisite fullness of being, delight and inspiration - this is what a sense is meaning, that's where the artist and man are reconciled" (Nikolsky B.V. Basic Feta lyrics // Full Assembly of poems A.A. Feta / from entry. Art. N.N. Insurance and B.V. Nikolsky and with a portrait of A.A. Feta / Annex to the magazine "Niva" in 1912, St. Petersburg., 1912. 1. P. 48, 52, 41).

Another first critics were written about the same, but they knew only the early poetry of Feta: "But we still forgot to indicate a special nature of the works of Feta: there is a sound that it was not heard in Russian poetry - this is the sound of a bright festive Feelings of life "(Botkin V.P. Poehomotov A.A. Feta (1857) // Library of Russian Critics / Critica of the 50s of the XIX century. M., 2003. P. 332).

Such an assessment of Fetovo poetry is very inaccurate and is in many ways incorrect. To some extent, Fet begins to look like the same as in the perception of D.I. Pisarev and other radical critics, but only with the sign "plus". First of all, in the appearance of Feta, happiness is "insane" ("... The epithemat" insane "is one of the most frequently repeated in his love verses: insane love, a crazy dream, insane dreams, insane worst, insane happiness, insane days, insane words, Mad verses. "- the good of D.D. Peace as beauty (about" evening lights "A. Feta) // Fet A.A. Full collection of poems / entry. Art., Subs. Text and Note. B.Ya. Bashchnab L., 1959 ("Poet Library. Big Series. The second edition"). P. 608), that is, the impossible and tangible only madness; This interpretation is unconditionally romantic. It is significant, for example, a poem, which begins: "As I am rich in insane verse! .." (1887). Rows look ultraromantic: "And the sounds of those w and those g blessing, / and feel - the head flames, / and I whisper the insane worship, / and I whisper the insane words! .." ("Yesterday I went through the hall lit ...", 1858 ).

As writes s.g. Bocharov about the poem "My madness wanted, who blended / this rose Bottomi (curls. - A. R.), and sparkles, and dew ..." (1887), "Aesthetic extremism of such a degree and such a quality (" insane singer's whims " ), rooting in historical despair "(Bocharov S.G. Plots of Russian literature. M., 1999. P. 326).

The idea of \u200b\u200b"madness" as the true state of the inspired poet Fet could learn from the ancient tradition. In the dialogue of Plato "Ion" it is said: "All good poets are composed of their poems, not thanks to art, but only in a state of inspiration and obsession, they are creating these beautiful chants in the frenzy; They seize harmony and rhythm, and they become obsessed. The poet can create only when it becomes inspired and aggravated and there will be more reasonable in it; In the meantime, a person has this gift, he is not able to create and prophesy. ... For the sake of God and takes away from them the reason and makes them with their servants, divine broadcasters and prophets, so that we, listening to them, knew that they were not, deprived of the reason, they say so precious words, but God himself says and will give us their own Voice "(533E-534D, per. Ya.M. Borovsky. - Plato. Writings: at 3 tons / under total. Ed. A.F. Losev and V.F. Asmus. M., 1968. T. 1 . P. 138-139). This idea is also found in other ancient Greek philosophers, for example, a democritus. However, in the romantic era, the motive of poetic madness sounded with a new and greater force - already in elegant literature, and Fet could not not perceive him out of this new romantic halo.

The cult of beauty and love is a protective screen not only from the grimace of history, but also from horror of life and non-existence. B.Ya. Buchstab noted: "The major tone of Feta poetry, the joyful feeling prevailing in it and the topic of pleasure of life does not testify at all about the optimistic worldview. For the "excellent" poetry worth a deeply pessimistic worldview. No wonder fet as he was fond of the pessimistic philosophy of Schopenhauer (Arthur Schopenhauer, a German thinker, 1788-1860, whose headache "Peace as a Will and Presentation" translated Fet. - A. R.). Life is sad, art is joyful - this is the usual thought of Feta "(Bakhstb B.Ya. Fet // History of Russian literature. M.; L., 1956. T. 8. Literature of the sixties. Ch. 2. P. 254).

Not alien to the lyrics of feta and the opposition, the antithesis of boring daily days and the highest world - dreams, beauty, love: "But the color of inspiration / sadness is the medium of everyday life" ("like midges zarechi ...", 1844). The world's world, the material and the world of heaven, eternal, spiritual, and the world, are contrasting, the eternal, spiritual: "I understood those tears, I understood those flour, / where the word Nemeth, where the sounds are reigning, / where you hear not a song, but the singer's soul, / where the spirit leaves the unnecessary body "(" I saw your Milky, infant hair ... ", 1884). Friend and happy sky and sad land ("Stars pray, flicker and raise ...", 1883), earthly, carnal - and spiritual ("I understood those tears, I understood those flour, / where the word Nemeth, where the sounds reign, / Where do not hear a song, but the soul of the singer, / where the spirit leaves the unnecessary body "-" I saw your Milky, infant hair ... ", 1884).

The glimpses of the highest perfectly visible, for example, in the beautiful eyes of the girl: "And the secrets of the mountain ether / in lively lazuries they are sway" ("she", 1889).

Fet repeatedly declares the adherence to romantic dowemiria: "And where are happiness? Not here, in the watery environment, / and it is like smoke. / For him! for him! Air road - / and fly away! " ("May night", 1870 (?)); "My Spirit, about the night! As the fallen seraphim (Serafima - Angelic "Chin". - A. R.), / recognized the relationship with the rapid life of the Star "(" How do you do not want, Silver Night ... ", 1865). The purpose of the dream - "To the invisible, to the unfortunate, seeks" ("Woods rose the winged dreams ...", 1889). The poet of the Higher World Herald: "I'm with the speech of the Inexium, I am with a news from Paradise," and a wonderful woman - the revelation of unearthly being: "I look at the eyes of a young, / I stand, washing my life,"; This moment of bliss is "not earthly", this meeting is opposed to "everyday thunderstorms" ("In the suffering of bliss I stand before you ...", 1882).

The earth's world with his alarms is a dream, a lyrical "I" is directed to the eternal:

Dream.
Awakening
Melting Mel.
How spring
I need to me
Fresh light.

Inevitably,
Passionately, gentle
Hope
Easily
With splash wilad
Fly

In the world of aspirations
Administration
And prayers ...

(Quasi Una Fantasia, 1889)

More examples: "Give me, give / me to die / with you to the remote light" ("dreams and shadows ...", 1859); "This song is miraculous / so conquered the world resistant; / Let the heart are full of flour, / triumphs of the separation, / and when the sounds will kill - / break off suddenly! " ("Chopin", 1882).

The poet is similar to the demigod,: despite the Council "But be not thought of the Deity":

But if on the wings of pride
You know how to know how God,
Do not enter the world of shrines
His excitements and alarms.

Paris, Wrong and Messenger,
And with unrepressed heights
Good and evil, as the dust grave,
In the crowd, human will disappear

("Good and evil", 1884)

Thus, the audacious demigod is opposed to the "crowd" and the very earthly world, subject to the distinction of good and evil; He is above this difference, like God. .

The ultraarmantic interpretation of the purpose of poetry is expressed in the speech of the muse:

Plenitive sleeping sleeves in reality,
His Divine Power
I enjoy a high call
And to human happiness.

("Muza", 1887)

Dreams, "dreams in reality" above the low reality, the power of the Poetry is sacred and is called "Divine". Of course, this is a "sustainable literary reception, labeling (noting, vesting. - A. R.) Figure the poet signs of the soundness, involvement in heavenly secrets," is also characteristic of ancient tradition, and in Russian poetry, starting from the first third of the 18th century "( Peskov A.M. "Russian idea" and "Russian Soul": Essays of Russian historosophy. M., 2007. P. 10), However, it is in the romantic era that he gets a special sound due to the seriousness of the philosophical and aesthetic substantiation.

Characteristic as a reflection of the romantic ideas of feta statements in letters and in articles. Here is one of them: "Who will deploy my poems, will see a person with a foil eye, with insane words and foam on the mouth, running around the stones and thorns in the battered attire" (Ya.P. Polonsky, a quote is given in a letter Feta K.R. from June 22, 1888 - A.A. Fet and K.R. (Publication of L.I. Kuzminina and G.A. Krylova) // K. R. Selected correspondence / ed. sub. E.V. Vinogradova, A.V. Dubrovsky, LD Gerodova, G.A. Krylova, L.I. Kuzmina, N.N. Lavrova, L.K. Khitrovo. St. Petersburg., 1999. P. 283).

But another thing: "Who is unable to rush from the seventh floor down your head, with a non-flash faith in the fact that he will wipe over the air, he is not a lirik" ("On the poems of F. Tyutchev", 1859 - Fet A. Poems. Prose. Letters / entry. Art. A.E. Tarkhova; Sost. And notes. GD Aslanova, N.G. Okhotina and A.E. Tarkova. M., 1988. P. 292). (However, this scandalous statement is adjacent to the comment that the poet should also be inherent and the opposite quality - "the greatest caution (the greatest sense of measure.")

Romantic disregard for a crowd, not understanding true poetry, is schoing in the preface to the fourth issue of the collection "Evening lights": "A person who did not curtain his illuminated windows in the evening, gives access to all indifferent, and, perhaps, and a hostile look from the street; But it would be unfair to conclude that he illuminates the rooms not for friends, and in anticipation of the crowds of the crowd. After touching and highlynotnaya for us to sympathize with friends to the fiftieth anniversary of our muses to complain about their indifference, we are obviously impossible. As for the mass of readers, establishing the so-called popularity, then this mass is completely right, sharing with us mutual indifference. We have nothing to look for each other "(Fet A.A. Evening lights. P. 315). Ensure and recognition, aged in romantic categories, to a friend I.P. Borisov (a letter of April 22, 1849) about his behavior as a catastrophe of romance - about the "rapidness of idealism to life by vulgar" (Fet A.A. Works: in 2 tons. T. 2. P. 193). Or such ultramantic replicas: "People do not need my literature, and I don't need fools" (Letter N.N. Strahov, November 1877 (ibid. P. 316); "Little we care about the sentence of most, confident that Of the thousands of people who do not understand the case, it is impossible to compile one connoisseur ";" I would be insulting if the majority knew and understood my poems "(Letter V.I. Stein dated October 12, 1887. - Russian Bibliophile. 1916. No. 4. C.).

I.N. Dry about these statements notes "In theoretical statements and nude-software poems, Fet shares the romantic idea of \u200b\u200bthe artist, obsessed with the inspiration, distant from practical life, serving the God of beauty and imbued with the spirit of music" (Sukhikh I.N. Shenshin and Fet: Life and Poems. P. 51). But these motives, contrary to the statement of the researcher, permeate the poetic creativity of Feta.

The romantic concepts of feta have a philosophical basis: "Fetovsky's philosophical root - deep. "You don't see you love love, / and your beauty beloved" (here and then quoted the poem "Only meeting your smile ..." (1873 (?)). - A. R.). These two lines are immersed in the age-old story of philosophical idealism, Platonic in a broad sense, in a tradition, deeply penetrated into Christian philosophy. The separation of the incredit essence and the transient phenomenon is a constant figure in Feta poetry. They are divided - beauty as such and its phenomena, manifestations - beauty and beauty, beauty and art: "The beauty and songs do not need." But just like the eternal flame in the chest from life and death "(Bocharov S.G. Plots of Russian literature. P. 330-331).

To the given year. Bocharovy quotations can be added to the lines: "It is impossible before the eternal beauty / not singing, not to praise, not praying" ("came, - and everything is melted around ...", 1866) and saying from letter Count L.N. Tolstoy dated October 19, 1862: "Eh, Lev Nikolaevich, try, if you can, open the window into the world of art. There, paradise, because there is a possibility of things - ideals "(Fet A.A. Works: in 2 tons. T. 2. P. 218). But, on the other hand, Feta has and the motive of the ephemeralism of beauty, at least in her earthly manifestation: "This leaflet that Isso and fell, / gold eternal burns in sight" ("Poets", 1890) - Only the Word The poet attaches eternal being to things; Also also a poem about the fragility of beauty - "Butterfly" (1884): "One air outline / I am so mila"; "Lie, without a goal, I want to breathe without an effort." These are the clouds "... Impossible-undoubtedly / fire is permeated with gold, / with sunset sunlight instantly / drawrs of bright melting smoke" ("Today is your enlightement ...", 1887). But Efemrane is not only a butterfly, the brief moment was in the world, and the air cloud, but also the stars, usually associated with eternity: "Why are all the stars of steel / stationary tweed / and, admiring each other, / do not fly one to another? // Spark to Spark Barozdel / sweeps sometimes, / but I know, it will not live for a long time: / then - a wrapping star "(" Stars ", 1842). "Air" (Efemerne), mobile and involved, and not the eternity and beauty of a woman: "How hard to repeat live beauty / your air outlines; / Where I have forces to grab them on the fly / medium of continuous oscillations "(1888).

In a letter VS Solovyov on July 26, 1889, Fet expressed his thoughts about spirituality and beauty, far from their Platonov's understanding: "I understand the word D in x about inn in the sense of a not breathtaking, but an urgent experienced nature, and, of course, visible by his expression, physicity There will be beauty, changing your face with a variable of character. Handsome Drunk Silen is not similar to Dorida at Hercules. Take this body in spirituality, and you do not talk about it "(Fet A.A." There was a wonderful May day in Moscow ... ": poems. Poems. Pages of prose and memories. Letters / Sost. A.E. Tarkhova and G. D. Aslanova; entry. A.E. Tarkhova; Note. GD Aslanova. M., 1989 (Moscow Parnass series). P. 364). Apparently, it is impossible to rigidly tightly connect the Fetovo understanding of beauty with one particular philosophical tradition. As Vs noticed Fedin, "Feta poems actually give a very fertile material for fierce disputes according to a wide variety of issues where a successful selection of quotes easily protect opposite opinions." The reason is "in the flexibility and wealth of its nature" (Fedina V.S. A.A. Fet (Shenshin): materials for characterization. GH., 1915. P. 60).

About Platonovskaya idealistic basis of Fetovo poetry has long been written by V.Ya. Bruce: "Feta's thought distinguished the world of phenomena and the world of entities. He spoke about the first that it was "only a dream, only a sleep is fleeting," that is "Ice instant", under which the "bottomless ocean" death. Second personified in the image of the "Sun of the World". That human life that is entirely immersed in the "fleeting dream" and is not looking for another, he stuck in the name "market", "bazaar" but Fet did not consider us closed hopeless in the world of phenomena, in this "blue prison", as he said once. He believed that for us there are exits to the will, there are lumen ... Such lumens found in ecstasy, in superweight intuition, in inspiration. He himself speaks of moments when "somehow strange witness" "(Bryusov V.Ya. Far and close. M., 1912. P. 20-21).

In verses, the same interpretation of Fetovsky creativity expressed another poet symbolist, V.I. Ivanov:

Night Tyannik, Tyutchev Gentle,
The spirit is voluptuous and rebellious,
Whose wonderful light is so worst;
And choking fet
Before the eternity hopeless
In the lily of the lily of the lily of the lily of the lily
Under the landslide bloomed color;
And the Spiritsee, on the boundless
Love a grassy poet -
Vladimir Soloviev; their three
In the earth weathered unearthly
And we predatory the path.
How their constellation is native
I do not remember in the saints?

It is also indicative of the impact of Fetovo poetry on the work of symbolists - neoromantics: "In the Russian literature of the 1880s. Defenders are definitely allocated, objectively close to the "new art" of the next decade and attracted the attention of symbolists that can be combined with the concept of "pre-confession". This is a lyrics of the Feta School "(Mintz Z.G. Selected Works: in 3 kN. Poetics of Russian symbolism: block and Russian symbolism. SPb., 2004. pp. 163); cf. Note on the impressionism "Feta School", which was standing at the origins of the "Decpendence" (ibid. P. 187). Back in 1914 V.M. Zhirmunsky built the continuity line: "German romance - V.A. Zhukovsky - F.I. Tyutchev - Fet - Poet and philosopher V.S. Solovyov - Symbolists "(Zhirmunsky V.M. German romanticism and modern mystic. P. 205, notes. 61; Wed: Bukhtab B.Ya. Fet // History of Russian Literature. M.; L., 1956. T. 8 . Literature of the sixties. Ch. 2. P. 260).

Ultimately, the solution of the issue of the philosophy of poetry Feta and the proximity of Feta to Platonic Dowemiria, so significant for romantics, depends in many respects from the position of the researcher, to interpret whether Fetov's poetic concepts "Eternity" and "Eternal Beauty" as a kind of philosophical categories reflecting The author's worldview, or see them only conditional images inspired by the tradition. Despite the similarity of poetics V.A. Zhukovsky and Feta, in general, you can agree with the approval of D.D. Good: "In the perfect world, Feta lyrics, as opposed to Zhukovsky, there is nothing mystical and other. An eternal object of art, believes Fet, is beauty. But this beauty is not the "news" of some of the stratified world, this is not a subjective embellishment, the aesthetic poetization of reality - she is inherent in her "(the good of the world as beauty (about the" evening lights "A. Feta).

As for the opinion of the absence in the Fetovo poetry of tragedy, romantic disorders, it is relatively fair - but with very significant reservations - only for lyrics of the 1940-1850s. "In the second period of creativity (1870s), the image of the lyrical hero is changing. The life-affirming dominant life disappears in his moods, disgusting disharmony between the ideal beauty and earthly "insane" world "(Buslakova T.P. Russian literature of the XIX century: a training minimum for applicants. M., 2005. P. 239).

Romantic self-sustaining was fed by the situation - the rejection of Feta poetry readers, a sharp rejection of the most part of the society of its conservative views. N.N. Fears wrote Count L.N. Tolstoy: Fet "interpreted me and then another day, which feels completely lonely with his thoughts about the disgrace of the whole of our life" (a letter of 1879 - correspondence L.N. Tolstoy with N.N. Insurance. 1870-1894. Edition of the Tolstov Museum. St. Petersburg, 1914. P. 200).

Finally, it is absolutely not necessary to look for signs of romanticism only with the sphere of ideas and / or motives. The poetic style of feta with the installation on metaphorical and semi-netual shades of the value and the melodically sound word is related to the style of such an author, traditionally ranked to romantics as V.A. Zhukovsky.

And last. The very concept of "romanticism" and the idea of \u200b\u200bthe "standard" of the romantic poem is very conditional. According to A. Lavjoy's remark, romanticism refers to the number of "fraught misunderstandings and often vague definitions - Izmov (so some wish to endure them out of the dictionary and philosophers, and historians)", which "are the symbols of complexes, and not something whole" (Lavjoy A. Great Chain Being: History of Ideas / Per. From English. V. Sofronova-Antommoni. M., 2001. P. 11). So, the same commonly attributive to Romantics V.A. Zhukovsky can also be understood as a sentimentalist (Veselovsky A.N. V.A. Zhukovsky. Poetry of feelings and "heart imagination" / Scientific Remedies, preluded., Translations A.E. Makhova. M., 1999. P. 1999) , and as a predominant (Vatsuro VE. Lyrics of Pushkin Powder: Elegy School. SPb., 1994). And yet, if not refusing the use of the term "romanticism", it is hardly justified to deny the romantic foundations and the nature of the poetics of the author "Evening Lights".

Fet suffered from asthma. - A. R.

Biography ("Literary Encyclopedia." At 11 tons; M.: 1929-1939)

Fet (Shenshin) Afanasy Afanasyevich (1820-1892) is a famous Russian poet. Son of the wealthy informant landowner. Childhood spent in the estate of the Oryol lips. In Moscow, Un-Those came close to the magazine "Moskvatikan", where his poems were printed. In print, made a collection "Lyrical Pantheon" (1840). As "illegitimate" Fet was deprived of the nobility, the rights of inheritance and the father's name; From the young years to old age stubbornly sought the restoration of lost rights and well-being in various ways. From 1845 to 1858 served in the army. In the 50s. It became close to the circle of the magazine "Contemporary" (with Turgenev, Botkin, L. Tolstim, etc.). In 1850, "poems" under. ed. Grigorieva, in 1856 ed. Turgenev). From 1860 Fet was given to the manor "house-building". Hostile to reforms 1861 and to a revolutionary-democratic movement, Fet has developed even with its liberal friends and in the 60-70s. silent as a poet. In these years, he acted only as a reaction publicist, in the "Russian Bulletin" Katkova (in the letters "from the village") rejected new orders and attacked Nigilists. In the era of the reaction of the 80s Fet returned to artistic creativity (Sat. "Evening lights", 1883, 1885, 1888, 1891, translations).

In the 40-50s. Fet was the largest representative of the Pleiads of poets (Mikes, Scherbina, etc.), which performed under the slogan of "pure art". As the poet of "Eternal Values", "Absolute Beauty" Feta promoted aesthetic and partly the Slavophilic Criticity of the 50s. (Druzhinin, Botkin, Grigoriev, etc.). For revolutionary-democratic and radical criticism of the 60s. Feta poems were a sample of poetic tribal, the idle chirping about love and nature (Dobrolyubov, Pisarev). This criticism was exposed to Feta as a singer of serfdom, which in the serfdom "saw only one festive paintings" (Minaev in the "Russian Word", generin in the "contemporary"). Turgenev also opposed Fetu, the Great Poet, the landowner and the publicist Sheenshina, "the intente and distervenest destroyer, the conservative and the lieutenant of the old temper."

In the 40-50s. Fet (like Mikikova, Shcherbin, etc.) made a successor of that new classicism, which was in the poetry of Batyushkova, Deligus and some other poets of Pushkin Circle. Most indicative for feta during this period - anthological poems. In the spirit of this new classicism, the poetry of the young fette seeks to capture the definite of absolute beauty, the eternal values \u200b\u200bopposing in their restriccing perfection of "low", the full fuss of being being. For the poetry of a young fette characteristic: "pagan" cult of beautiful "flesh", the subject, contemplation of idealized, resting sensual forms, concreteness, visibility, the details of the images, their clarity, clarity, plasticity; The main topic of love gets sensual. Feta poetry rests on the beautiful aesthetics, on the principles of harmony, measures, equilibrium. It reproduces mental states deprived of all conflict, struggle, sharp effects; The reason is not struggling with feeling, "naive" pleasure of life is not overshadowed by moral motivations. Joyful life approval takes the form of a moderate Gracian epicoreism. The task of feta poetry is the disclosure of beauty in nature and man; It is not peculiar to humor or elevated, pathetic, it is in the sphere of elegant, graceful. The shape closure often receives an expression in the ring composition of the poem, architectonicity, completion - in the underlined stroke (with extreme variety of storage), the special lightness and at the same time harmony - in the settlement alternation of long and short lines. The beauty for Feta is the connection of the ideal and given, "spiritual" and "carnal"; The harmonious combination of the two worlds receive expression in the aesthetic feta pantheism. Constantly at Feta, the desire to reveal the "absolute" individually, to introduce a "beautiful moment" to eternity. Enlightened and peaceful lyrical contemplation is the main mood of Feta poetry. Objects of contemplation objects - landscape, antique or medium Russian, sometimes with mythological figures, groups from the ancient and mythological world, works of sculpture, etc. A huge role in feta poetry playing sound-shirt, cult of Eufony, Eurritia. According to the wealth of rhythms, the diversity of the metric and stubbic construction of Feta is one of the first places in Russian poetry.

Feta's creativity marks not only the completion, but also the decomposition of the noble-manor poetry of the new classicism. Already in verses of the young feta, other trends are growing. From a clear plasticity, FET moves to delicate watercolor, increasingly ephemeral becomes "flesh" of the feta of the world becomes; His poetry is now aimed at now not so much on an objectively given an external thing, how many flickering, vague sensations and elusive, melting emotions excited by them; It becomes poetry of intimate mental states, embryos and reflections of feelings; she is

"There is enough on the fly and suddenly fixes
And the dark delirium souls, and the grass is an unclear smell, "

becomes poetry unconscious, reproduces dreams, dreams, fantasies; It aggressively sounds the motive of the unexpectedness of the experience. Poetry enshrines an instant gust of a living sense; The homogeneity of the experience is violated, combinations of opposites appear, although harmoniously reconciled ("suffering of bliss", "the joy of suffering", etc.). Poems acquire the nature of improvisation. Syntax, reflecting the formation of experience, often contradicts grammatical and logical standards, the verse receives special suggestion, the observance, the musicality of "trembling entanglements". It is less saturated with material images, which become only the points of support when disclosing emotions. At the same time, mental states are revealed, not processes; For the first time in Russian poetry, Fet introduces gullable poems ("Shopot", "Storm", etc.). Feta motifs characteristic of this line of poetry - impressions of nature in the entire fullness of sensations (visual, auditory, olfactory, etc.), a love fatman, an emerging, still unspoken love. This jet of Feta poetry, continuing to Line Zhukovsky and giving him from Majkova, Shcherbins, makes it the predecessor of impressionism in Russian poetry (having provided a particularly strong influence on Balmont). In the present, the Feth is known to be consonant Turgenev.

By the end of the life of Feta, his lyrics became more and more philosophical, more and more penetrated with metaphysical idealism. It constantly sounds now in Feta the motive of the unity of the human and world spirit, the merger "I" with the world, the presence of "only" in the "one", universal. Love has become the priest ministry femininity, absolute beauty, uniting and reconciling two worlds. Nature acts as a cosmic landscape. Real reality, a changeable world of movement and activities, socially historical life with her hostile poet processes, "Bazaar Krikty", appear as a "sleep fleet", like a ghost, like Schopenhauel "peace-performance". But this is not the Guest of Individual Consciousness, not a subjective phantasmagoria, it is "the World Sleep", "one and the same dream of life in which we are all shipped" (Epigraph F. from Schopenhawer). The highest reality and value are transferred to the resting world of eternal ideas, unchanged metaphysical entities. One of the main feta becomes a breakthrough theme in another world, flight, the image of the wings. A moment, imprinted now, is the moment of intuitive comprehension by the poet the prophet of the world of entities. In Feta poetry, a shade of pessimism appears in relation to earthly life; His reception of the world is now not the immediate pleasure of the festive extinguishing of the "earth", the "carnal" life of the everlast, and the philosophical reconciliation with the end, with death as with returning to eternity. As the soil escaped from under the pastry-patriarchal world, the material, concrete, real, and the center of gravity was moved to the "perfect", "spiritual" from the poetry feta. From aesthetics of the beautiful Fet comes to aesthetics of the sublime, from epicoreism to Platonism, from "naive realism" through sensualism and psychologism - to spiritualism. In this last phase of his work, Fet approached the threshold of symbolism, he had a great influence on the poetry of V. Solovyov, and then the block, stylistically - on Sologuba.

The creativity of Feta is associated with the estate-noble world, it is inherent in the narrowness of the horizon, indifference to public evil of his time, but there are no direct reaction trends in it, characteristic of Fetu-journalist (except for several poems in case). Feta's life-affirming Lyrics captures its sincerity, freshness, resolutely differing from artificial, decadent lyrics of impressionists and symbolists. The best feta inheritance is a lyrics of love and nature, subtle and noble human feelings embodied in an exclusively rich and musical poetic form.

Biography

A.A. Fet was born on November 23 in the estate of the Mtsensky district of the Oryol province, belonging to the retired officer A.N. Sheenshina. In 1835, the Oryol spiritual consistory was recognized as an extramarital son and deprived of the rights of the hereditary nobleman. The desire to return the surname of Shenshin and all rights has become an important goal for Feta for many years.

In 1835-1837 He is studying in the German Garmhouse School of Cyrumen in Liflandia, in the city of Verier (now Veru, Estonia); The main items in the guest house: ancient languages \u200b\u200band mathematics. In 1838 he entered the Moscow Pension Professor M.P. Pusher, and in August of the same year he was admitted to Moscow University on the verbal branch of the Philological Faculty. Fet's student years lived in the house of his friend and classmate A. Grigoriev, subsequently famous criticism and poet.

In 1840 The first collection of poems "Lyrical Pantheon" under the initials "A.F." came out, his poems began to be printed in the magazine "Moskvatikan", and since 1842 he became the regular author of the journal "Public Notes".

After graduating from the university, in 1845, seeking the return of the noble title, Fet decides to enter the army and serves as a non-commissioned officer in a cavalry regiment, quartered in the deaf corners of the Kherson province. He is poor, deprived of a literary environment, his novel with Maria Lazich tragically ends. During this period, a collection of "poem A. Feta" (1850) is coming.

1853g. - A cool turn in the fate of the poet: he managed to go to the guard, to the Life-Ulansky regiment, stationed near Petersburg. He gets the opportunity to be in the capital, resumes literary activities, regularly begins to be printed in the "contemporary", "domestic notes", "Russian Bulletin", "Reading Library". In 1856, a collection of feta poems prepared by Turgenev. In the same year, Feta takes annual leave, which is partially conducted abroad (in Germany, France, Italy) and, after which it comes to resign. He marries M.P. Botkin and settle in Moscow.

In 1860, having received 200 tents of the Earth in the Mtsensk district, he moved to the village of Stepanovka and is engaged in agriculture. Three years later, a two-volume assembly of his poems is coming out, and practically, from now on for 10 years, Fet writes very little, he is engaged in philosophy.

In 1873 The long-awaited decree of Alexander II Senate, according to which Fet receives the right to accession "to the family of his father Schishshina with all rights and titles, to the family belonging." Fet sells Stepanovka and buys a large estate in Kursk province.

In the late 70s - early 80s, he deals with translations ("Faust" Goethe, "the world as a representation" of Schopenhauer, etc.). It comes out of his book, over which Fet has worked with student years, is a poetic translation of all Horace (1883). And in 1886, Fetu for the translations of the ancient classics awarded the title of corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences.

For the period 1885-1891. Four releases of the book "Evening lights", two volumes of "my memories", and the book "Early Years of My Life" - came out after the author's death in 1893.

Biography (Encyclopedia "Kirill and Methodius")

The story of his birth is not quite common. His father, Athanasius Neophytite Shenshin, Rothmist in retired, belonged to the old noble family and was a rich landowner. While treatment in Germany, he married Charlotte Fet, which was taken to Russia from a living husband and daughter. Two months later, Charlotte was born a boy called Afanasiy and the name of Shenshin. Four-Detect years later, the spiritual authorities of the Eagle found that the child was born to the wedding of parents and Athanasius was deprived of the right to wear the surname of the Father, and deprived of the noble title. This event wounded an impressionable soul of the child, and he experienced the ambiguity of his position almost all his life.

A special situation in the family influenced Fenty Afanasius Feta, he had to hear the noble governance, which he deprived the church. First of all, he graduated from the university, where he studied first on legal, and then at the philological faculty. At this time, in 1840 he issued a separate book his first works that did not have, however, no success.

Having received education, Athanasius Afanasyevich decided to become a military, as the officer Chin gave the opportunity to get a noble title. But in 1858 A. Fet was forced to retire. The noble rights he did not conquer, at that time the nobility gave only the rank of Colonel, and he was a stormist. Of course, the military service did not pass for Feta for nothing: these were years of dawn of his poetic activity. In 1850, A. Feta, meeting with readers with delight, came out in Moscow. In St. Petersburg, he met Nekrasov, Panay-Vym, Druzhinin, Goncharov, Language. Later he became friends with Lvol Tol-Stom. This friendship was debt and needed for both.

During the Military Service of Athanasius Fet survived the tragic love, which influenced all his work. It was love for Mary Lazich, fan of his poetry, a very talented and educated girl. She also loved him, but they both were poor, and A. Fet for this reason did not dare to combine his fate with a Lu-Bimy girl. Soon Maria Lazich died, she burned down. Before his death, the poet remembered his unfortunate love, in many of his verses her unfavorable breathing hears.

In 1856 a new poet book was released.

After resigning, A. Fet bought land in the Mtsensky district and decided to enjoy himself with agriculture. Soon Fet married M.P. Bottina. In the village of Stepanovka Fet lived seventeen years old, only by a briefly by traveling to Moscow. Here, he caught his highest decree that he finally approved the name of Shenshin, with all the rights associated with her.

In 1877, Athanasiy Afanasyevich bought the village of Vorobyovka in Kursk province, where he spent the rest of his life, only for the winter leaving for Moscow. These years, in contrast to the years lived in Stepanovka, are characteristic of his return to literature. All his poets signed the surname Fet: he acquired poetic fame under this name, and it was expensive him. During this period, A. Fet issued a meeting of its writings called "Evening lights" - there were only four releases.

In 1889, in January, in Moscow, the fiftieth anniversary of the literary activity A. A. Feta was solemnly noted, and in 1892 the poet died, without having survived two days to 72 years. He was buried in the village of Khalenovo - the birth of Sheenshin, in 25 versts from the eagle.

Biography (ru.wikipedia.org.)

Father - Johann-Peter-Karl Wilhelm Fet (1789-1825), Darmstadt City Court Assistor. Mother - Charlotte-Elizaveta Becker (1798-1844). Sister - Carolina-Charlotte-Georgina-Ernestina Fet (1819-?). Schifi - Shenhshin Athanasius Neofititovich (1775-1855). Grandfather by Mother - Karl Wilhelm Becker (1766-1826), Secret Counselor, Military Commissar. Grandfather's grandfather - Johann Fet, grandma on father - Milence Sibile. Mother grandmother - Henrietta Gaheng.

Wife - Botkin Maria Petrovna (1828-1894), from the Botkin family (her older brother, V.P. Botkin, a famous literary and artistic critic, the author of one of the most significant articles about the work of A. A. Feta, S. P. Botkin - The doctor whose name is the hospital in Moscow, D. P. Botkin - a collector of paintings), there was no children in marriage. The nephew - E. S. Botkin, shot in 1918 in Yekaterinburg with the family of Nicholas II.

On May 18, 1818, a combination of 20 Summer Charlotte-Elizabeth Becker and Johann-Peter-Wilhelm Feto took place in Darmstadt. On September 18-19, 1820, the 45-year-old Athanasius Shenshin and a pregnant woman at the second child of Charlotte-Elizabeth Becker secretly left for Russia. In November-December 1820 in the village of Novoselki, Charlotte-Elizabeth Becker was born the son of Athanasius.

At around November 30 of the same year in the village of Novoselki, the son of Charlotte-Elizabeth Becker was baptized by Orthodox rite, named Afanasiya, in the metric book, the son of Athanasius Neofitovich Shenshina was recorded. In 1821-1823, Charlotte-Elizabeth had a daughter from Athanasius Shenshina Anna and the son of Vasily, who died in infancy. On September 4, 1822, Athanasius Shenshin was married to Becker, who adopted Orthodoxy before the wedding and began to be called Elizabeth Petrovna Fet.

On November 7, 1823, Charlotte-Elizabeth wrote a letter to Darmstadt to his brother Ernst Bekcker, which complained about the former husband of Johann-Peter-Karl-Wilhelm Feta, who was frightened and offered to adopt the Son Athanasius if his debts were paid.

In 1824, Johann Fet was reigning the educators of his daughter Carolina. In May 1824, in Mtsensk, Charlotte-Elizabeth was born daughter from Afanasiya Shenshina - Lyuba (1824-?). On August 25, 1825, Charlotte-Elizaveta Becker wrote a letter to Brother Ernstu, in which she told Shenshin about her son Athanasia, that even: "... no one will notice that this is not a blood of his child ..." In March 1826, she again wrote his brother that the deceased month ago her first husband did not leave her and the child of money: "To take revenge on me and Sheenshina, he forgot his own child, deprived of his inheritance and put a spot for him ... try, if possible , to simplify our cute father, so that he helped return it to his child and honor this child; It should also get the surname ... "Then, in the next letter:" ... I am very surprising that Fet in the will forgot and did not recognize my son. A person can be mistaken, but deny the laws of nature - a very big mistake. It can be seen, before his death he was completely sick ... ", the poet's beloved, the memories of which the poem" Talisman "is dedicated, the poem" old letters "," you have depressed, I still suffer ... "," No, I have not changed. Until old age ... "And many other his poems.
1853 - Feta is transferred to the Guards Regiment, housed near Petersburg. The poet often happens in St. Petersburg, then the capital. Feta meetings with Turgenev, Nekrasov, Goncharov, etc. Rapid with the editors of the magazine "Contemporary".
1854 - service in the Baltic port, described in his memoirs "My memories".
1856 - Third Feta Collection. Editor - I. S. Turgenev.
1857 - Feta marriage on M. P. Botkin, critic Sister V. P. Botkin.
1858 - the poet is resigned in the rank of Guards headquarters, settles in Moscow.
1859 - a break with the magazine "Contemporary".
1863 - The release of the two-volume assembly of feta poems.
1867 - Feth elected by the global judge for 11 years.
1873 - Nobility and surname Sheenhin returned. Literary works and translations of the poet and later signed Fet's name.
1883-1891 - Publication of four editions of the "Evening Lights" collection.
November 21, 1892 - Concent Feta in Moscow. According to some data, his death from a heart attack preceded suicide attempt. He was buried in the village of Kleenovo, the generic estate of Sheenshin.

Creation

Being one of the most sophisticated lyrics, Fet hit contemporaries by the fact that it did not prevent him from being at the same time to be an extremely businessworthy, enterprising and successful landowner. Famous Palindrome, written by Fetom and entered in the "Adventures of Buratino" A. Tolstoy, - "And Rose fell on the Lap of Azor."

Poetry

Feta's creativity is characterized by the desire to leave everyday reality in the "Light Kingdom of Dreams". The main content of its poetry is love and nature. The poem is distinguished by the subtlety of poetic mood and great artistic skill.

Fet is a representative of the so-called pure poetry. In this regard, throughout his life, he argued with N. A. Nekrasov - a representative of social poetry.

Feet Feet Phaeling - Talk about the most important is limited to a transparent hint. The most vivid example is the poem "whisper, timid breathing ...".

Whisper, timid breathing,
TRELLY SOLOVYA
Silver and Krakhanye
Sleeping stream

Night night shadow
Shadows without end,
A number of magical changes
Cute face

In smoke puffur Purple Roses,
Gleam amber
And lobsia, and tears,
And dawn, dawn! ..

There is not a single verb in this poem, but the static description of the space transmits the very movement of time.

The poem belongs to the number of the best poetic works of the lyrical genre. For the first time published in the magazine "Moskvatikan" (1850), then reworked and in the final version, six years later, in the collection of "poem A. A. Feta" (published by I. S. Turgenev).

It is written in a multiple choree with a female and male cross-rhythm (quite rare for Russian classical tradition). At a minimum, three times became the object of literary analysis.

A romance is written on the verses of Feta "At the dawn, you are not boudes."

Another famous feta poem:
I came to you with greetings
Tell that the sun rose,
That it is hot light
On sheets fluttered.

Translations

both parts of the "Faust" Goethe (1882-83),
a number of Latin poets:
Horace, all the works of which in the Fetov translation came out in 1883
satira Jumental (1885),
poem Katulla (1886),
elegy Tabulla (1886),
XV books of "transformations" of Ovid (1887),
Eneida Vergilia (1888),
elegy Properration (1888),
satires Persia (1889) and
marciala epigrams (1891). The Feta plans were the translation of "Clean Right Critics", however N. Strakhov dissuaded feta to translate this book of Kant, indicating that the Russian translation of this book already exists. After that, Fet turned to the translation of Schopenhauer. He translated two writings of Schopenhauer: "The world, like the will and performance" (1880, 2nd ed. In 1888) and "On the four root of the law of a sufficient basis" (1886).

Edition

* Fet A. A. Poems and poems / entry. Art., Sost. and notes. B. Ya. Bashchnab. - L.: Sov. Writer, 1986. - 752 p. (Library of the poet. Big series. Edition Third.)
* Fet A. A. Collected Works and Letters in 20 TT. - Kursk: Publishing House of the Kursk State. University, 2003- ... (Edition continues).

Notes

1. 1 2 Block G. P. The chronicle of the life of Feta // A. A. Fet: the problem of learning life and creativity. - Kursk, 1984. - P. 279.
2. In the "early years of my life" Fet calls it Elena Larina. Its real name was established in the 1920s biographer of the poet G. P. Block.
3. A. F. Losev in his book "Vladimir Solovyov" (Young Guard, 2009. - P. 75) writes about the suicide feta, referring to the works of V. S. Fetin (A. A. Fet (Shenshin). Materials for Characteristic. - GH., 1915. - P. 47-53) and D. D. Good (the world as beauty // Fet A. A. Evening lights. - M., 1971. - P. 630).
4. D. Gulia. Mikhail Lermontov's life and death. - M.: Fiction, 1980 (refers to the memories of N. D. Cerevyev).
5. 1 2 O. N. Greenbaum Harmony Rhythm in the poem A. A. Feta "Shopot, timid breathing ..." (language and speech activity. - St. Petersburg., 2001. - T. 4. Part 1. - P. 109 -116)

Literature

* Bost D. D. The world as beauty (about "evening lights" A. Feta) // Fet A. A. Evening lights. - M., 1981 (series "Literary monuments").
* Bukhstab B. Ya. A. A. Fet. Essay of life and creativity. - ed. 2nd - L., 1990.
* Lotman L. M. A. A. Fet // History of Russian literature. In 4 volumes. - Volume 3. - L.: Science, 1980.
* Eikenbaum B. M. Fet // Eikenbaum B. M. About poetry. - L., 1969.

Stars pray, flicker and raise ...

Athanasius Fet.

Stars pray, flicker and raise,
Praying a month, swimming on the lazuries,
Light tuchs, twisted, do not dare
With dark earth to attract storms.

They are visible to our tomlets and grief,
Seen passions of certain battle,
Tears in diamond tremble their gaze -
Nevertheless, their prayers are silent.

The night of light, frost shines ...

Athanasius Fet.

Night light, frost shines,
Come out - Snow crops;
Valentyhah Ozabet
And on the spot is not worth it.

Sit down, cavity I am, -
Night light and smooth way.
You are not a word - I walked
And - went somewhere!

Storm in the evening sky ...

Athanasius Fet.

Storm in the evening sky
Sea angry noise -
Storm at sea and duma,
Many painful dum
Storm at sea and duma,
Choir of the increasing doom -
Black cloud for cloud
Sea angry noise.

In the evening such a golden and clear ...

Athanasius Fet.

In the evening such a golden and clear,
In this breath of spring all-post
Do not remember me, my beautiful friend,
You are about love with our timid and poor.

Breathes the earth with all its aroma,
The sky is deployed, only sighs;
The sky with the rampant sunset
In a quiet bay he repeats itself.

What are we here or happiness ours?
How and thorough about him not to be ashamed?
In the brilliance, what is not wider and more paint,
Need to be mad - or commemorated!

What night! How the air is clean ...

Athanasius Fet.

What night! How the air is clean
Like a silver slim leaf,
As a shadow of black coastal Yves,
How serenely sleeps the bay,
How will not be sighs anywhere
How silence is full!
Full light, you are the same day:
White only shine, black shadow,
Only thinner the smell of juicy herbs
Only the mind of light, the larger of temper,
Yes instead of passion wants breasts
This air is sigh.

In lunar shine

Athanasius Fet.

Let's wander with you
In lunar shine!
How long is the soul to tom
In dark silence!

Pond as brilliant steel,
Grass in sobbing,
Mill, River and Dal
In lunar shine.

You can truck and not live
We are in charm?
Let's get quietly wander
In lunar shine!

What is happiness: and night, and we are alone! ..

Athanasius Fet.

What is happiness: and nightAnd we are alone!
River - as a mirror and all glitters stars;
And there ... the head Zakin-ka and look:
What depth and purity above us!

Oh, call me crazy! Nazova
Than you want; In this moment I will be weak
And in the heart I feel such a tide of love,
What I can't be silent, I will not know how!

I'm sick, I'm in love; But, suffering and loving -
About Listen! About Understand! - I do not hide passion,
And I want to say that I love you -
You love you one and wish you!

May night

Athanasius Fet.

Backward tough on us flies
Last crowd.
Transparent segment gently melts
At the lunar sickle.

Spring reigns mysterious power
With stars on chel.-
You, gentle! You have been happiness to Sulil
On vulnery earth.

And happiness where? Not here, in the Wednesday,
And it is like smoke.
For him! for him! air road -
And in eternity to fly away!

Mirror month floats on the azure desert ...

Athanasius Fet.

The month of the mirror is floating along the azure desert,
Herbs steppe to be powered by an evening moisture,
Speeches with ripples, the heart is superstitious,
Long shadows were sent in a hollow.

In this night, as in desires, everything is impossible
Wings are growing in some air aspirations,
Would take you and rushed just asimlessly
Light burning, leaving the wrong shadows.

Is it possible, my friend, languishing in heavy clever?
How not to forget, at least at the time, stinging thorn?
Herbs steppe sparkle a dew in the evening,
The month mirror runs along the azure desert.

All night threatened the ravine neighbor ...

Athanasius Fet.

All night Red razel the neighboring,
Creek, Bully, fled to the stream,
Resurrected Waters Supply Last
The victory was disclosed his own.

Did you sleep. I solved the window,
In the steppes shouted the cranes,
And the power of the Duma carried
Overseas native land

Fly to vast, off-road,
Through forests, through the fields -
And under me a trembling
Walked a bustling land.

How to believe the migratory shadow?
What is the instant this ailment,
When you are here, my good genius,
Trouble sophisticated friend?

More May night

Athanasius Fet.

What night! Over all the burden!
Thank you, my native impact edge!
From the kingdom of ice, from the kingdom of blizzard and snow
How fresh and clean yours departs May!

What night! All stars to one
Heat and krotko in the soul look again,
And in the air for the song of the nightingale
Alarm and love is dealt.

Birch waiting. Their sheet is translucent
Shyly manitis and techite gaze.
They are trembling. So the virgin newlywed
And pleasedly and alien herd.

No, never gentle and disembodied
Your face, about the night, could not tomorrow!
Again to you I am going with the unwitting song,
Unwashed - and the latter may be.

When I am dreaming about silence ...

Athanasius Fet.

When dreamily I am devoted to silence
And I see the meek queen of a clear night,
When the constellation is closed in the embroidery
And sleeping at Argus will begin to climb the eyes,

And close to the hour already tremed by you
And the wait is increasing with a minute,
And I am already crazy and dumb,
And each sound of the night embarrassed scares;

And impatience sucks sick breasts,
And you are one, sneaking, looking around,
And I hurry in the face of the beautiful look,
And I see clear, - and quietly, smiling,

You tell me love "Love!"
And I try to tie a missing speech,
Breathing fiery breathing catching
Whole hair fragrant and shoulders,

And I listen long, how are you silent, - and me
You put out all for Passion Lobzanya -
About Friends, how happy I, how happy I am quite!
How to live I want to New Svidanya!

Swallows disappeared ...

Athanasius Fet.

Swallows disappeared
And yesterday Zarya.
All the ruchies flew
Yes, as a network, flashed
Won over that mountain.

From the evening everything sleeps,
The yard is dark.
Dry leaf cut
At night The wind is angry
Yes, knocking the window.

Better B Snow yes Borrow
Glad to meet my breast!
As if like fright
Rady, south
Cranes fly.

Come out - justifying
It's hard to cry!
Watch - through the field
Tumbleweed
Jumps like a ball.

Nothing: ripple dog walks,
That's gray at the gate ...
And the beauty gave -
And it will not help.

"I see, I see! Revented:
One, two, three, four, five...
Fused, swayed,
It was only three again.

Well, wants to disjunction?
I am still with passions ...
Six seven eight nine ten -
Scaled as scales ...

Here is eleven - all the faces!
Here are the dogs of Lai and howl ...
Chur me! .. "-" Well, sister? "
"Collationswoman young!"

Night. Not heard urban noise ...

Athanasius Fet.

Night. Do not hear urban noise.
In the skies of the star - and from her,
As if the spark was called by the Duma
Secret in my heart is sad.

And light, this is transparent this,
As if cute sights are a hard look;
Deep soul is full of native light,
And the long-standing guest experience is happy.

Quietly everything, deceased, as before;
But hand is invisible with hand
Dark sadness. Vera and Nadezhda
Breast revealed, maybe love?

What is? Close loss?
Or joy? - No, you will not explain, -
But it is so famed, so holy
What the Creator's Life Thanks.

"In the lunar shine" Athanasius Fet

Let's wander with you
In lunar shine!
How long is the soul to tom
In dark silence!

Pond as brilliant steel,
Grass in sobbing,
Mill, River and Dal
In lunar shine.

You can truck and not live
We are in charm?
Let's get quietly wander
In lunar shine!

Analysis of the poem feta "in the lunar shine"

A bitty-minded clear night becomes a favorite time for the Fetovo lyrical hero. The serene sleeping nature illuminates the radiance of stars and the "lunar sickle", which resembles a glitter of silver. Epitats associated with soft cold light are endowed with various details of the landscape: grass and foliage of trees, transparent stream of stream, roof of the house. The hero, immersed in the charm of "silver bounded" darkness, go for a walk or is looking forward to a date. Moonlit night - it's time for passionate confessions of the "insane" in love, the moment breeding "air aspirations", incredible dreams, and the time of insight, immersion into the mysterious "abyss" of the unknown mountainous dies.

In refrain, sounding in the poetic text of 1885, the motivating intonations are expressed with the help of the verb in the imperative inclination. The lyrical entity attracted by the transfusing beauty of the Non-Light, invites his addressee to the romantic walk. In the role of the latter, the beloved is - this is evidenced by the features of the ideological and figurative filling of the Fetov artistic world.

The refrain follows a remark that clarifies the state of the soul of the addressee. In parallel, the motive of the walk arises a storyline associated with mental discomfort, "Toma". According to the hero, the walking under the moon will help to overcome internal alarms and sadness.

Central Katren is dedicated to the image of a landscape sketch. Its attractive species is designed to encourage a pretty agreement, so the hero lists, "draws" natural realities, as if gaining arguments in favor of his proposal. What can attract the night contemporary? Of the close objects - the pond and herbs in the night deres, from remote - panorama, which covers the mill, river and general perspective. Dominants submitted by close-up are enriched with art trails: calm water is compared with "brilliant steel", and the metaphorical design "in sobbing" does not only indicate a ridiculous dew, but also serves to designate the completeness of feelings. In the last of the paths, the visual image and the impression generated by them merge together.

The rhetorical question that opens the final episode returns the lyrical situation to the theme of mental longing claimed by stylish. With the help of a stylistic figure, the thought is strengthened about the lateness and inappropriateness of sadness against the background of a magnificent sketch. To close the composition, the poet resorts to the tried method - it will use refrain, as in the works "Do not leave me ..." or "".

, , Poems about nature.

Biography Feta A.A.

Fet, Shenshin, Afanasy Afanasyevich, Russian poet. Son of the landowner A. N. Shenshina and Carolina Fet; Shanshina's son was recorded. However, at age 14, it turned out the legal illegality of this record, which deprived the feta of all noble privileges. In 1844, he graduated from the verbal branch of the Faculty of Philosophy of Moscow University and in order to get the noble rank entered the military service (1845). The first collection of poems is "Lyrical Pantheon" (1840). By the beginning of the 1960s, the period of sharply disperse the public forces related to the revolutionary situation includes publicistic performances of Feta to protect the rights of landowners who are underlined retrograde. Shortly before that, Fet resigned and took up the economy in his estate; I wrote little at this time. Only on the slope of years, the poet returned to creativity, releasing 4 collection of verses under the general name "Evening lights" (1883-91).

Fet is a fundamental supporter of the doctrine of "pure art", avoided in his poetic practice to appeal to social reality, direct response to the burning issues of modernity. At the same time, its poetry - in a broader sense - has a solid life soil. The poet, the movable spontaneous desire to embody in verses itself "substance of existence", managed to convey the material reality of the world, given a person in his immediate perception. Feeling life as a vigilastic, exciting force ("Spring and night covered Dol", 1856?), Poet as it would dissolve its "I" in the elements of organic life ("What is your happiness: and night, and we are alone!", 1854). Unusually sharp lyrical emotions causes nature in Feta - "Spring mysterious power" ("More May night", 1857), "wonderful pictures" of winter ("What a sadness! End of Alley", 1862), evenings and nights ("Sucking, timid breath ", 1850," on a haystack at night Southern ", 1857). The "soul landscape" is given by Feta in motion, saturated with alive details of the objective world, visual images, is rich in auditory and visual sensations. Especially bright taste for picturesque, plastically paintings manifested itself at Feta in anthological verses ("Vakhanka", 1843, "Diana", 1847). The peculiarity of the psychology of Fet is that he with the unusual Dotole of Russian poetry concreteen recreated in lyrics mimolement mental moods and states - this fluent "matter" of any human life. Feta Feta Music, melodic. The poet prefers sometimes to deal not with meaning, but with sound - especially fitful material for expressing a momentum mood.

Fet is known as the translator Horace, Ovid, I. V. Goette and others. Ancient and new poets. For the first time translated into Russian Treatise A. Schopenhauer "Peace as a Will and a view" (1881). The author of memoirs "My memories" (part 1-2, 1890), "Early years of my life" (published in 1893). Many feta poems are put on music.