Frankfurt am Main. The two branches of the Rothschilds are English (from Nathana) and French (from James) - lead their story to our time. Ashiel who lived in Frankfurt died childless in 1855, the Neapolitan branch stopped in the male line in 1901, on the female - in 1935, the Austrian branch stopped in the male line in 1980, and the women's line of the Austrian branch still exists.

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remember we told you about one of the main nominees of our prize against humanity today we decided to tell you about the next and no less successful person in this direction and his clan in general and Rothschild seems that this clan is so powerful and its influence is so great that he can even pay off this screen and then the slides of the crack but before proceeding to the narrative about the actions of this family and their generic team a little introductory information was born Mayer AM Goal in Frankfurt in 1 1744 his first bank that was an antique shop where it was possible to change the money he Found in Frankfurt at 27, Major married a 17-year-old year only on the feast and afterwards five of their sons, namely Ansel Salaman Nathan Pocket Jacob continued his business in the largest financial centers of the time Frankfurt Vienna Paris Naples and London, it was this five who lasted her chain roots Also, Major also had five daughters Jeanett Iza Bella Babetta Julie and Henrietta husbands of which did not have the right to participate in the family business and could only act as the labor force following Rothschild Myriam Chile and his criminal acts against humanity worth talking about the actions of a whole clan consisting of not one hundred people for family values \u200b\u200band missions this kind of solid hundreds of relatives to this day for the word Klan Rothschilds comes from the Khazar of the worshiped Gold Taurus and quite a long time to capture key economic leverage today we want to show you the top 5 Messi Rothschilds who changed the story in favor of the Antichrist and let you It doesn't scare this religious term. After all, it is possible to name the designs that realize this family. It is so great that all the names and related ties that they specifically and by the way carefully hid and hide remember it is extremely difficult, but the essence of the Rothschilds and they have a common mission to create a Jewish state know Do you That in the colonization of Palestine, it was Rothschilds invested millions of pounds Baron deception Yes Rothschild member of the French branch of the Rothschilds actively scared the land in Palestine or provided the most powerful financial support for the first Jewish settlers in these parts the money of the Rothschilds and the religious political idea of \u200b\u200bthe World Lord of the Jews proclaimed by the founder of the World Zionist Organization by Theodore Herzl Subsequently decided the fate of the future of the Jewish state in the twentieth century with this mission are closely related and support for Hitler, we have already reported that Rockefellers supported Hitler well and Rothschilds were also the financial force that stood behind the Nazi leader's right, they had their own plans Hitler came to power financial assistance through the accounts of the UK bank as well as through other banking organizations of England and America, for example, through the Kun Life Bank and to which the floor of Warburg, a representative of the Rothschild dynasty, should also be indicated that The Erid of Nazi military power was the unification of the Chemical Concern Germany LG Farben in America. This conglomerate had his branch of which was Max Warburg Brother Paul Warburg and, accordingly, a representative of the Rothschild dynasty during the two world wars, the largest news agency in Germany was in possession of Rothschilds with their help They controlled information flows from Germany to other countries. It turned out to be a fact that against the background of almost completely destroyed industrial enterprises in Germany, the plants of conglomerates Orban did not suffer from the massive airline of not so they were simply lucky in the end of Baron Rothschild financed at the same time a Jewish colony in Palestine and the Adobe election campaign. to disseminate the worldwide banking system for no one secret that the Rothschild family starting with the time of Mayer am sewn to centuries slowly but rightly installed their central banks in each country of the world let them be incredible The number of wealth and power in about 1815, this family won the English bank and expanded its control over banks in all countries of the world of GIA method and concludes to this day in order to force the corrupt politicians of the country to get huge loans that they will never be able to pay off therefore not constant Clients of Rothschilders Another unpleasant moment is that when the head of state refuses to accept a loan of it often or deprives the authorities or kill in our time of banks of this family of about a hundred seventy-four pieces. The only countries remaining in 2017 without a central bank owned or controlled by the Rothschilds family were Cuba North Korea Iran Syria and now remember what a political financial situation in these countries does not think the coincidence after the ignition of them their riots in the Arab countries of the Rothschild finally opened the way to create central banks and destroyed many policies

Origin

The Rothschild Dynasty leads its history from Maer Amblue Rothschild. Meyer Ambrel was born in 1744 in the Jewish quarter in Frankfurt am Main (Germany) in the family of changed and Jeweler Ambrella Mosels Bauer, a trading partner of the Hessian house. Meyer Ambrel built a large banking business and created his empire, sent five sons to European capitals.

Another important component of Meer Rothschild strategy, which became the key to the future success, was to preserve full control over the business in the hands of family members. In 1906, the Jewish encyclopedia noted: "The practice of establishing several branches of the company managed by the brothers, in various financial centers, was adopted by other Jewish financiers, such as Bischoffsheims, Pereires (Pereires (English)), Seligmans (Seligmans (English)) , Lazards (Lazard (English)) and others, and these financiers, thanks to their reliability and financial experience, have trust not only the Jewish fellow, but also the entire financial community as a whole. Thus, in the middle and last quarter of the XIX century, Jewish financiers began to own the predominant shares in international finance. This practice, similar to royal marriage, when members of one royal family are married to members of another royal family, later applied by other dynasties of entrepreneurs, for example, DuPons (Du Pont Family (English)). "

Meyer Rothschild carefully organized marriages by calculation, including marriages between cousins \u200b\u200band secondary relatives, so that the accumulated wealth remains inside the family and served as a common cause. Only at the end of the XIX century, almost all Rothschilds began to make marriages outside the family. For more than two hundred years, Rothschilds have merged with many European financial families (mostly Jewish). Among them: Warburg, Goldsmith, Cohen, Raphael, Sassuna, Salomona and others.

Sons of Mayer Rothschild:

• Ambel Mayer Rothschild (1773-1855): Frankfurt am Main, the eldest son, was born on June 12, 1773, on November 16, 1793 married Eva Ghana. The coincidence of the name of the Father and Son - Meyer Ambrel and Ambower Mayer - was the cause of frequent confusion and created difficulties in studying documents. Ashiel died on December 6, 1855 childless.
• Solomon Meier Rothschild (1774-1855): Vienna, the second son, was born on September 9, 1774. November 26, 1800 married Carolina Stern, died on July 27, 1855.
• Nathan Mayer Rothschild (1777-1836): London, the Third Son, was born on September 16, 1777. He was married to Ganne Cohen. Nathan was considered the most talented of the "Five Frankfurts", but died before the brothers, July 28, 1836.
• Kalman Meier Rothschild (1788-1855): Naples, the Fourth Son, was born on April 24, 1788. September 16, 1818 married Adelheide Hertz. He died on March 10, 1855.
• Jacob (James Meyer Rothschild) (1792-1868): Paris, younger son, was born on May 15, 1792, on July 11, 1824, he married his niece Betty Rothschild. He died on November 15, 1868.

International Large Financial Operations

The construction of the nobility occurred at the request of the Minister of Finance of the Stadone Graph. At first, the title was received by Amel, then Solomon. By this time, the brothers stood at the head of the Frankfurt bill bank in Schenbrune. This happened on September 25, 1816, and on October 21, the title of Jacob and Karl brothers received the title. On March 25, 1817, each was made a diploma diploma. At the request of the adviser to the Government of Lower Austria and the court agent of the zonlander, a trusted person of four brothers, a diploma was awarded to everyone separately, since the brothers lived in four different countries. Nathan, living in England, was not mentioned in these documents.

Noteworthy to assess the activities of the Rothschilds was the fact that they as the Jews were recorded in the diploma changed, while the financiers of the Christian faith were called bankers. Usually, the court financiers soon after receiving the nobility sought the title of Baron, so Rothschilds also petitioned about the assignment of this title. September 29, 1822, their request was satisfied. Now, some dynasty members used the family console "de" or "background" (in the German version) of the Rothschild, as an indication of the aristocratic origin. Now the documents included and Nathan, who immediately became a baron. This time, five brothers were directly called bankers. They were Austrian Barons, "Given the merits rendered to the state", "With a respectful word Your well-being." And again each of the five brothers received his own diploma of Baron. Their coat of arms was decorated with a motto: Concordia, Integritas, Industria. (Consent. Honesty. Goodworking.).

This motto fully expressed the unity of the brothers, their honesty and tireless diligence. But the acquisition of the titular of Baron hardly meant for five brothers an increase in their authority. Nathan could not take advantage of this title in England. This contradicted the British Constitution that did not resolve the provision of noble ranks to foreigners. But nevertheless, the construction of the Rothschild lifestyle changed to the nobility. They acquired luxury palaces, began to give excellent lunches, which were commercialized by representatives of the aristocratic circles of many countries.

In 1885, Nathan Mayer Rothschild II (English) (1840-1915), the eldest son of Lionel de Rothschild (in turn, the son of Nathan Rhodesld), also known As Nathaniel, a representative of the London branch of the dynasty, hereditary baron, for the first time became Lord. He was the first Jew, who entered the ward of the Lords. It is believed that from this moment on, the descendants of Nathan completely collapsed with the English elite.

The Family Banking Entrepreneurship of Rothschilds was the founder of international large financial transactions during the Industrialization of Europe, contributed to the construction of the railway network in France, Belgium and Austria, contributed to the financing of projects with a large political meaning, such as the Suez Canal (only the banking house of Rothschilds It was able to provide many tens of millions of cash for several hours to acquire shares of the Suez Canal).

The dynasty bought a huge part of property in Maifer, London. The main activities in which Rothschilds invest in Capital include: Alliance Assurance (1824) (now ROYAL & SUNALLIANCE (English)); Chemin De Fer Du Nord (English) (1845); Rio Tinto Group (1873); Société Le Nickel (1880) (now Eramet (eng.)); And Imétal (1962) (now IMERYS (eng.)). Rothschilds financed the foundation of De Beers, as well as the expedition of the Cecil Raza in Africa and the creation of a colony in Rhodesia. Since later than the 1880s and further, the family controlled the mining enterprise Rio Tinto. The Japanese government has applied for financing to London and Paris branches during the Russian-Japanese war. The London Consortium released Japanese military bonds worth £ 11.5 million (at prices 1907).

After impressive tremendous success, the name of the Rothschilds became synonymous with wealth. The family has become famous for the collections of works of art, the names of the palaces, as well as charity. By the end of the century, the family possessed, or built, on the smallest rating, more than 41 palaces, commensurate or even superior to the richest royal family. In 1909, British Prime Minister David Lloyd George, argued that Lord Nathan Mayer Rothschild II was the most powerful person in the UK. In 1901, due to the lack of a male heir, the Frankfurt House closed his doors after more than centuries of work. Only in 1989, Rothschilds returned to Frankfurt when N M Rothschild & Sons (British Investment Branch) and Bank Rothschild AG (Swiss Branch) opened a representative office there.

Rothschild Dynasty in France

There are two French branches of the Rothschild dynasty. The first branch was founded by the younger son of Mayer Amblue Rothschild - James Mayer Rothschild, who established De Rothschild Frères in Paris. Supported by Napoleonic Wars, he played a major role in financing the construction of railways and mining enterprises, which helped become France by the industrial power. James's sons, Gustave de Rothschild and Alphonse James de Rothschild (Alphonse James de Rothschild (English)), continued bank traditions and became guarantors of 5 billion reparations, demanded by the occupying Prussian army during the Franco-Prussian war in the 1870s.

The following generations of this branch of the Rothschild dynasty became the main force in international investment banking. The other son of James Mayer Rothschild, Edmond de Rothschild (1845-1934) was a big fan of charity and art, a prominent supporter of Zionism. His grandson, Baron Edmond Adolf de Rothschild, in 1953 founded the LCF Rothschild Group, a private bank. Since 1997, it has been headed by Baron Benjamin de Rothschild (English). The group has assets of € 100 billion and many wine enterprises in France (Château Clarke (English), Château des Laurets (English)), in Australia and South Africa.

The second French branch of the dynasty was founded by Nataniel de Rothschild (English) (1812-1870). Born in London, he was the fourth son of the founder of the British branch of the dynasty, Nathana Maer Rothschild. In 1850, Nathaniel moved to Paris, apparently to work together with his uncle, James Mayer. However, in 1853 Nathaniel acquired Château Brane Mouton, Pauillac vineyard (Pauillac (English)) in the Girond Department. Nathaniel renamed the estate in Château Mouton Rothschild, and this name has become one of the most famous brands in the world. In 1868, Uncle Nathaniel - James Mayer Rothschild, acquired the chateau lafite vineyard located next door.

Solomon Meier Rothschild founded his bank in Vienna in 1820. Austrian banker Albert von Salomon Rothschild bought the right to name asteroid (250) Bettin, open on September 3, 1885 by Austrian astronomer Johann Palisa in the Vienna Observatory in honor of his wife Baroness Bettina von Rothschild, for £ 50 However, the crisis of 1929 brought the problem. Baron Ludwig von Rothschild Louis Von Rothschild (English) tried to save Creditanstalt, the largest bank of Austria. But at the beginning of World War II, Rothschilds were forced to emigrate in the United States, avoiding the Holocaust. All Rothschild Palaces, distinguished by exceptional sizes, huge collections of paintings, armor, tapestries and statues, were confiscated and looted by the Nazis. After the end of World War II, Rothschilds returned to Europe. In 1999, the Austrian government agreed to return Rothschilds a number of palaces and 250 items of art confiscated by the Nazis and Located in the State Museum.

Rothschild dynasty in Naples

Bank C M de Rothschild & Figli leisurely Papal provinces, various kings of Naples, the dukes of Parma and the Grand Dukes Tuscany. The family of Rothschilds worked not far from. However, in 1830, Naples, following Spain, gradually leaving the release of traditional bonds, which began to affect the growth of banks and profitability. Italy's political association (Risorgemento) in 1861, with the subsequent decline in Italian aristocracy, who were the main clients of the Rothschilds, ultimately led to the closure of the Naples Bank, due to the fall of the profits, the lack of growth and their forecast on the expense of sustainable development in the long term.

Jewish self-consciousness and attitude to Zionism

Only some Rothschilds supported Zionism and the creation of a Jewish state in Palestine. Most Rothschilds treated this idea skeptically and even believed that the foundation of the Jewish state would lead to an increase in anti-Semitism in Europe. In 1917, Walter Rothschild received the Balfura Declaration to the Zionist Federation (English), which refers to the commitment of the British government to the creation of a national focus for the Jewish people. Later, Lord Viktor Rothschild was against the provision of asylum or even the help of Jewish refugees during the Holocaust.

After the death of James Jacob Rothschild in 1868, Alfons, his eldest son, who took the management of the Family Bank, was the most active in support of the issue of Israel's land. The family archives of the Rothschilds say that during the 1870s the family sacrificed about 500,000 francs annually on behalf of Eastern Jews for the World Jewish Union. Baron Edmond James de Rothschild, the younger son of James Jacob de Rothschild, was the head of the first settlement in Palestine to Rishon-lesion and bought the part of the Earth from the Ottoman landowner, which currently make up Israel. In 1924, he installed Palestinian Jewish Colonization Society in Palestine (PICA), which acquired more than 125,000 acres (22.36 km²) of the Earth, and founded risky enterprises. In Tel Aviv, there is a street called in honor of him, Rothschild Boulevard (English), as well as in many other areas of Israel, where he helped with construction, such as Metula, Zikhron Yaakov, Rishon Lezion, and Rosh Pinna. Boulogne Bilankur Park in Paris, Edmond Rothschild Park (Parc Edmond De Rothschild) is also named after him. Rothschilds played a significant role in the establishment of the infrastructure of the Israeli government. James financed the construction of Knesset as a gift to the Jewish state, and the building of the Israel Supreme Court was presented to Israel Dorothy de Rothschild (English). Outside the presidential room, the letter of Mr. Rothschild is demonstrated to the Prime Minister of Shimon Perez, in which the desire to sponsor the construction of a new building of the Supreme Court was expressed.

Baron Benjamina da Rothschild, a representative of the Swiss branch of the dynasty, gave an interview with Ga-Acture in 2010, in which he said that he supported the peace process: "I understand that this is a difficult thing, mainly due to fanatics and extremists - and I have Both sides. I think that in Israel there are fanatics ... I usually do not communicate with politicians. Once I talked to Netanyahu, and another time I met with the Israeli Minister of Finance. But the less I crossed with politicians, the better feeling. " Regarding its religious affiliation, he stated that he tries to be impartial: "We are doing with many countries, including Arabic ... Beloved by my older daughter from Saudi Arabia. He is a good guy, and if she wants to marry him, I will not mind. "

Modern business

From the end of the 19th century, the Rothschild dynasty adheres to restrained behavior, sacrificing many of their famous places, as well as a large number of art objects, for charity, while maintaining anonymity regarding the size of their state, and avoids a demonstration of luxury striking. Once the Rothschild dynasty had the largest private collection of art in the world, and a significant part of art objects in world public museums donated by Rothschilds, a family tradition was presented anonymously.

Since 2003, Rothschild's investment banks are controlled by Rothschild Continuation Holdings, registered in Switzerland by a holding company (chaired by Baron De Rothschild), which, in turn, is controlled by the CONCORDIA BV registered in Germany head holding company. Rothschild et Cie Banque controls Rothschild banking business in France and Continental Europe, while Rothschilds Continuation Holdings AG controls a number of Rothschild banks in other places, including N M Rothschild & Sons in London. 20% Rothschild Continuation Holdings AG was sold in 2005 by Jardine Strategic, which is a subsidiary of Jardine, Matheson & Co. (eng.) in Hong Kong. In November 2008, Rabobank Group, a leading investment and commercial bank in the Netherlands, acquired 7.5% Rothschild Continuation Holdings AG and Rabobank, and Rothschilds came to a cooperation agreement in the consultation area M & A and Equity Capital Markets in the food and agro-industrial enterprises. It is believed that these actions are aimed at helping Rothschild Continuation Holdings AG gain access to a wider punch of capital, increasing their presence in the markets of East Asia.

Paris Orleans S. A., Investment Banking and Holding Company, founded in 1838 and registered in France, which has more than 2,000 employees. The company has offices in France, Great Britain, Norman Islands, Switzerland, North America, Asia, Australia. The company's board of directors includes Eric and Robert de Rothschilds and Count Philippe de Nicolay. London Investment Bank N M Rothschild & Sons makes a significant share of business, as advisers for M & A (merge and acquisition (enterprises). In 2004, the investment bank went from the gold market, the goods that Rothschild bankers traded over the course of two centuries. In 2006 The year he was running the second in the UK M & A (merger and acquisition (enterprises) with a total turnover of $ 104.9 billion. In 2006, a publicly stated Donalog profit was £ 83.2 million pounds in the assets of 5.5 billion pounds. .

One of the members of the Parisian branch (not wine), Edmond Adolf de Rothschild, founded the LCF Rothschild Group, based in Geneva, with assets of € 100 billion, which currently spread to 15 countries around the world. Although this group is mainly engaged in finances, specializes in the management of asset and in the banking services of wealthy people (Privat-Banking), it is also engaged in agriculture, luxurious hotels and in yacht competitions. The LCF Rothschild Group's committee is currently headed by Benjamin de Rothschild, Baron Edmon's son. Among others, the banks of the Rothschild dynasty include, Compagnie Financière Edmond de Rothschild (English), Rit Capital Partners, St James's Place Capital, Banque Privée Edmond de Rothschild (English), La Compagnie Benjamin de Rothschild S.A. and cogifrance.

During the XIX century, Rothschilds controlled Rio Tinto, and until today, Rothschild and Rio Tinto support close business relationships. Rothschild family also owns many vineyards: they have a property in France, including the Château Clarke, Château de Ferrières, Château des Fontaines, Château Lafite, Château de Laversine, Château des Laurets, Château Malmaison, Château de Montvillargenne, Château Mouton Rothschild, Château de La Muette, Château Rothschild d'Armainvilliers, Château Rothschild, Boulogne-Billancourt, also in North America, South America, South Africa and Australia.

Rothschilds in culture

In France, the word "Rothschild" during the XIX and XX centuries has become a nominal one. So called the rich, prone to luxury, but not leading active business activities.

He is repeatedly mentioned in the book of Fedor Dostoevsky "Teenager", where the main hero of Arkady is cherished by the main "idea" of his life - to become richer than the title of Rothschild.

The story of the Rothschilds was shown in a number of films. In 1934, in Hollywood, the film "The House of Rothschild" ("House of Rothschilds"), telling about the life of the Mayer Amblue Rothschild. Excerpts from this film were included in the DPER EWIGE JUDE documentary film ("Eternal Jude") and another German film "Die Rothschilds" ("Rothschilds"), also known as "Aktien Auf Waterloo" ("Promotion at Waterloo" ), filmed by Eric Vasniec in 1940. Broadway musical, entitled "The Rothschilds" ("Rothschilds"), showing the history of the family until 1818 by illuminators, controls all the wealth of peace and financial institutions or encourages war between governments. Considering these and similar views, the historian Nialle Ferguson wrote: "As we have already seen, however, wars tend to influence negatively on the price of existing bonds, due to the increased risk, that the debtor's state may not pay off the duty in case of conquest or loss of territory . By the middle of the XIX century, Rothschilds left trading in capital management, carefully looking at their own extensive portfolio of government bonds. Now, making money, they can rather lose money than to earn in case of conflict ... "

Famil Heraldry.

18 century. On one of the streets in the Jewish quarter, Frankfurt am Main was located the jewelry workshop of Angel Moses Bauer.

When passersby asked local antiques, how to find the Bauer jewelry shop, they usually refer to two words: "Red Shield."

The fact is that on the facade of the building where the workshop was located, the emblem was concerned with the image of a golden eagle on a red shield.

In 1743, Bauer had a son - Mayer Ambel. He inherited the Father's bench, but, like most German Jews, did not have a family name. Meyer decided to take his surname by the name of the emblem - "Red Shield" or "Rotschield". So began the famous Dynasty of the Rothschilds. The modest Jewish jeweler turned into a famous banker, and then, the case continued its five sons. In 1816, Rothschilds received the baron title and entered the highest noble light.

The main image of the coat of arms of Rothschilds to this day is a red shield and five arrows connected together by the chain. The key to this symbol is in a quotation from the biblical psalm - "that the arrows in the hands of strong, then the sons of young". Five arrows personify the unity of the sons of Rothschild. On the coat of arms, also, the motto of the family - "Concordia, Integritas, Industria" ("Consent, honesty, hard work").

Legendary family. Legendary story. . One person created a dynasty, its values. He marked the beginning of the creation of the family coat of arms, which invested what he treated and what he considered the fundamental for his family. The case of his father is the jewelry workshop "Red Shield", which gave birth to the famous surname, and his future - five sons, five arrows in his hand. And the descendants of Maer Rothschild will value this heritage, they are proud of their last name and the generic coat of arms. This is an unbreakable connection between past and future generations.

There are many such stories. Not only famous families have a privilege proudly demonstrate to the world and the motto of the genus. Today it is available to everyone. Is your family less wonderful than the Rothschild family? Yes, you may not be the heirs of a billionth state, not to have a noble title and a well-known last name, but it does not detract from the merits of any kind. After all, each family has its own traditions, the history of the ancestors is sometimes more legendary than in eminent personalities.

Family heraldry is a rich family heritage.

When we consider old photos, grandfather medals, the letters of our parents, are always wondering what stories are connected with it, I want to know what lived and breathing our family many years ago. Values \u200b\u200band ideals. Ups and downs. Rotary moments and feats. Because, in each family there are feats - small and large. Our fathers, grandfathers and great-grandfather - which we value we, and our personally - our descendants will go.

You can collect it all together and create the coat of arms of your family by contacting Heraldes. You create the basis - what exactly would you like to express in your emblem, and Heraldry embody it professionally. After all, heraldry is a separate science that has its terminology, requirements and rules. You need to be a qualified specialist to take into account all the nuances and create exactly what you need, taking into account the specifics of the heraldic case.

And, soon, your, or dishes, furniture, interior items, your diary, even clothes and jewelry. Options - a huge amount. Nevertheless, Rothschilds and Rockefellers have a sounding coat of arms! We also not flashed Spit.

The ancestor of the Rothschild Dynasty Angel Moses Bauer owned a jewelry workshop, on the emblem of which the Golden Roman Eagle was depicted on the red shield. Over time, the workshop began to call the "red shield", and this name - Rothschield - took his son as a surname, Mayer Amel, who later founded a banking house.

The family of Rothschilds turned into a powerful financial clan five of his sons: Ambel Mayer, Solomon Mayer, Nathan Mayer, Kalman Mayer, James Mayer. With them we will introduce you today.

On the coat of arms of Rothschilds depicted five arrows, symbolizing five sons of Maer Rothschild, referring to Psalm 126: "As arrows in the hands of a warrior." The family motto, Latin, Concordia, Integritas, Industria (consent, honesty, hard work) is written below on the coat of arms.

On the coat of arms of Rothschilds depicted 5 arrows - 5 sons of Mayer

Ambel Meier Rothschild

Ambrel Mayer - Senior Son of the Founder of the Dynasty of the Rotcheldov

Before you a representative of the German branch of the Financial Dynasty of the Rothschilds. Not much known about him: he was the second child and the eldest son of the founder of the dynasty. After the death of the Father in 1812, Amshel Mayer became the head of the bank in Frankfurt am Main. In the documents, the names of the Father and Son - Mayer Ambrel and Ambrel Mayer - often confused. Only at the nearest and more detailed study managed to establish which of them is meant. Ambrel Mayer died childlessly, and the management of the banking house passed to his nephews.

Solomon Meier Rothschild

Solomon Rothschild - 1st Jew, who became an honorary citizen of Austria

Founder of the Austrian branch of the Financial Dynasty of the Rothschilds. In 1817, his brother James Mayer Rothschild opened in Paris De Rothschild Frères Bank, where Solomon became his shareholder. Having financial education and many years of experience, in 1820 he went to Austria to issue existing family interests in financing the projects of the Austria Government, where he founded the SM VON Rothschild Bank, which began to finance the Nordbahn railway company, the first Austrian Railway and Various capital-intensive enterprises of the government. Under the leadership of Solomon Rothschild, the Austrian Bank acquired a great success and began to play an important role in the development of the Austrian economy. In the recognition of his merit in front of Austria in 1822, Solomon Meier Rothschild was adopted to the Austrian nobility and received the hereditary title of Barona from the hands of Emperor Franz II. In 1843, he was the first of the Jews to be an honorary citizen of Austria.

Nathan Meier Rothschild

Nathan Rothschild earned 40 million pounds of sterling on one news

Before you, the founder of the English branch of the Rothschilds. The most successful business Nathan Rothschild began in 1814, when the British government attracted his bank to financing the military campaign against Napoleon. Large sums of gold were translated from England Marshal Wellington and allies through the banks of the brothers. Rothschilds were ideal for the movement of huge amounts in restless Europe, eliminating customers from the risks of transportation of money and delay in payment.

Example of genius: At the beginning of the battle, the advantage was on the side of Napoleon, and the observers reported to London that he wins. But to the help of English troops, under the guidance of Wellington, the Prussian corps and the allies won victory. Nathan Rothschild courier watched the battle and saw Napoleon fled to Brussels, which later played an important role: he reported this bosal. Everyone was convinced that Wellington lost the battle. Then Rothschild began selling its shares on the stock exchange. Following him, everyone began to sell. As a result, the prices of the papers fell almost to zero. At this point, Rothschild agents bought shares on the cheap, and on June 21 at 11 o'clock in the evening, Adjutant Wellington delivered the report of Marshal to the government: "Napoleon is smashed." Thus, Nathan Rothschild earned 40 million pounds of sterling on this news ( by those money is a mad amount).

Kalman (Karl) Meyer von Rothschild

Karl Rothschild had a reputation of the least gifted of five brothers

This is the founder of the Naples branch of the Financial Dynasty of the Rothschilds. He became known as Karl due to relatives from the British branch; I received experience in the father's business and lived with parents until 29 years old. In 1821, the occupation of Naples Austrian army opened new opportunities for the Rothschild family to develop business. As a result, Karl was sent to Naples, where he founded the bank C M de Rothschild & Figli as a representation of the head bank. Despite the fact that he had a reputation of the least gifted out of five brothers, he showed himself in Naples a strong financier and very capable of developing extremely important business bonds. So Karl set a good business relationship with the Minister of Finance of the Kingdom of both Sicili, after which his bank became dominant in Naples. After the success of Karl, Rothschild's banking house was presented in all major capital of Europe and received a significant impact and advantage over his competitors.

In January 1832, he, the Jewish banker, received the ribbon and the star of the Order of Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George from the hands of the new Roman Pope Gregory XVI.

James Mayer Rothschild

The younger generation of Rothschilds calls James "Great Baron"

James is the youngest sons. In 1812, he was only an agent of Brother Nathan in Paris, but over time he is a deeper in the financial affairs of the generic bank. James turned out to be the most successful in affairs, and after the death of Brother Nathan in 1836, the leadership of the Rothschilds goes to him. He introduced his brothers and nephews in the ERU of the Industrial Revolution. In the thirties and forties of the XIX century, James finances very large investment projects: the construction of the railway network around Paris and in the north of France. His bank helped the National Bank of France to overcome the monetary crisis, providing a sufficient amount of gold in order to ensure the coverage of the issued money. The younger generation of Rothschilds calls it a "great baron".

For a quarter of a century, James became the second of the richest people of France, only the state of the king was more.

In 1993-2000 Russia did not abandon the "red shield" instead of the golden. Coat of arms of Rothschilds to this day in the coat of arms of the Russian Federation. State GeroldmeisterGeorgy Villybakhov Explained this by the fact that Russia returned to historical colors. But if it is so, then why the tapes of the two-headed Eagle GOLST, and not Lazor?

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In the summer of 1918, the Soviet government finally decided to break with the historical symbolism of Russia, and the new Constitution adopted on July 10, 1918 proclaimed not land in the state coat of arms, and political, party symbols: a double-headed eagle was replaced with a red shield (Roth-shield is translated as a red shield. - A. R. .), which depressed crossed sickle and hammer and the rising sun as a change mark. Since 1920, the abbreviated name of the State - RSFSR has been placed at the top on the shield. The shield was bold wheat ears, fixed with a red ribbon with the inscription "Proletarians of all countries, connect." Later, this image of the coat of arms was approved in the RSFSR Constitution.

Even earlier (April 16, 1918), a sign of the Red Army was legalized:five-pointed red star , symbol of the ancient God of warMars . 60 years later, in the spring of 1978, the military star, which took part of the coat of arms of the USSR for this time, entered the emblem of the RSFSR.

In 1992, the latest change in the coat of arms came into force: the abbreviation over the sickle and the hammer was replaced by the inscription "Russian Federation". But this decision was almost not fulfilled, because the Soviet coat of arms with its party symbolism no longer matched the political structure of Russia after the collapse of the one-party government system, the ideology of which he embodied.

Coat of arms of Baronov Rothschild

"Russian eagle in the coat of arms remains a mystery"

The author of state coat of arms tells how the symbols of new Russia were created

On the eve of November 30 - on this day in 1993, a two-headed eagle again became the coat of arms of Russia - a curious heraldic symbol was discovered in the network with a blue eagle with the signature of American Private Police Force. The amazement caused the fact that the Eagle of the private American police is accurately copied by the coat of arms of Russia. "Ogonek" decided to find out what the author of the main state symbolism himself thinks about this, the People's Artist of Russia, a member of the Heraldic Council under the President of the Russian Federation Yevgeny Ukhnalev.

- Evgeny Ilyich, what do you say about this blue bird on the emblem of the US police? Random coincidence or were you allowed to use your drawing?

- clearly slept, yes ...

- How do you react to the boldness of the Americans?

- Yes, it is probably in no way. I think this is a matter of lawyers. And I will not respond in any way. I even flatter somewhere - took my eagle, not the other.

- Is it possible to easily paint into another color of the statemist of someone else's country, replace the shield with George Victorious and use how to use it? Is your copyright not protected?

- No matter how funny, not protected. Moreover, I will even tell you the secret that the reference sample is not agreed in the state of state coat of arms! Geroldia was only listed which attributes should be in our coat of arms.

- Is it a omission of inexperienced authorities to start the era of change?

- No, it was done consciously. I made 12 eagle options. Some have rejected the work. And this golden eagle on the Red Field, which was eventually accepted, did not immediately have passed on his bang, I have more than a few more. Where now all these sketches, who, where to remove them, I have no idea. I wanted them back to me back. Part of my works is kept by the State Guardmaster Georgy Villybakhova, I sometimes see them, and the fate of the rest of the Night.

- Who exactly was responsible for the selection of sketches?

- I do not know the details. All at that time was urgent. Invented the idea - draw immediately, in an hour the train! I sometimes resorted to the car in which Vilinbach leased to Moscow, almost on the move handed him rolls with sketches of the coat of arms. He gave for consideration to the Deputy Commission. This is why they wanted a scepter, and the power, and the three crowns.

- Deputies deliberately elected immunity signs in Russian states?

- Yes, they said then: what, are we worse, what, the former Tsarist Russia? And for some reason, it is the option of an eagle with prickly, like knives, feathers, they liked it terribly. After all, they were all immensely militant. And I could have another coat of arms.

- Is it true that at first the drawings claimed Boris Yeltsin? It is known that the Golden Eagle was shown on the Red Field - the emblem of the era of Father Peter I, Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, and the exact same black eagle on the yellow field - an option approved by Peter I, equal to the emblem of the German Empire. Why does Yeltsin rejected black color?

- The kitchen of the selection, honestly, I was not very interesting. I am not vain and prefer to Moscow not ride. I have no doubt that Yeltsin saw sketches, but the decisive voice was then at the Supreme Council. Partly organized then state Geroldia SAMA proposed options. But they solved all collegially.

- What symbolizes the gold color of our coat of arms?

- Nothing.

- Was the color in heraldry can mean anything?

- Gold in Heraldry was always used. Beautiful colour. There is the only principle in our business - so that there is no applying metal for metal. Silver on gold or gold on silver is not allowed.

- Why did you need to draw state symbols to re-draw? Was it easy to take some kind of version of the royal coat of arms?

- on the wings of the coat of arms preceding the Soviet period were the coat of arms of the Grand Duchies. Kingdom Kazan, Finland, Polish and so on. They needed to remove. It means that another edition would still need.

- Colleagues in the heraldist guild to use in your sketch of your eagle have the right?

- It is not rebiring, but I would not mind if Russian organizations and institutions showed their fantasy, they were looking for their own characters. Including painted their eagles. After all, why did we initially abandon the reference? It was assumed that there would be different eagle editors in the country. After all, the monotony is boring. But our Russian thinking is strange: everyone decided that the approved coat of arms is the standard. And now every kindergarten and every polyclinic flew by this particular eagle.

- How should the Russian eagle necessarily differ from the eagles of other states?

- Well, because they have one head. And the attributes are other - wreath, stars, shields. Our no special will take, except for the description with the list of characters. Scepter, power, two heads, three crowns, upstairs Blue ribbon on the color of our highest award - the Order of Andrei First Called.

The symbol of the two-headed eagle is very ancient, it was used in Babylon. And we are still not clear to us, why are these two goals. Just as we definitely do not know for sure why we have two heads in Russia.

- Well, how, the third Rome, the heirs of Byzantium, one head looks at Asia, the second to Europe.

- In fact, no one knows why the eagle double-headed was born at all and why he appeared in the drawings. There are pictures of rocks with knocked out pictures, and from whom they are drawn?

- It is also believed that this is a symbol of two sides of the world, the West and the East, and still heat and cold or dark and light energy.

"Yes, yes, and if the sides of the Light expand, we can say that our heads are looking north and south. No, the Russian eagle in the coat of arms remains a secret from the history of Russia. With the plumage of this bird is easier. Black or white Orlov's color is a conditionally adopted symbol for historical segments. Our imperial period was with a black eagle. And earlier Alexey Mikhailovich introduced a golden eagle on a red background. In the era, when the official symbol was a black eagle, even Nicholas II on costume balls were still used by the colors of Petra I., for example, in a red cafetan, a huge golden eagle. Costumes these are intake, they are stored in the Hermitage, and they are shown at exhibitions.

- They say the history of creating a special sign of presidential power - chains - was also very mysterious?

- This story, I would say was funny. The fact is that when it was decided to make new emblems for Russia, a conversation came, naturally, and about orders. One of the first was the Order and the Cross of the Order "For Merit to Fatherland". As an old Georgy Victorious, this cross was also decided to make four degrees, soldiers' and officers. And the first "for merit" was a sufficiently small on the block. The second was cervical, more, on narrow tape. The third was on a wide ribbon. And the fourth was conceived on the chain. The chain was made powerful, significant. But the chain was not Duden - no one deserved. Suddenly approached the time of the inauguration of Yeltsin, and suddenly decided to wear this higher ordinar chain on it as a symbol of power. She stopped being a premium Order and became a symbol given to the president in one copy. A couple, though made spare. That's how the chain for the president was born. I made a sketch of this chain. And the highest degree of the Order "For Merit Before the Fatherland" will not think that the ribbon over the shoulder simply added.

- Was it the Order of the garter?

- Well yes! ( Laugh.) Later, Andrei Varozvannaya appeared for a couple of years. This revived Order became the highest award in Russia. Sketch of this award is also my job. There was a definite task: in general, at a distance, the spot was to look a stain like the historical order. But with new elements. The chain links was actually from the old elements, and the eagle became a little different. This order is designed in two types: for the military - eagle with swords, and for civilian - eagle with a scepter and power.

- Why did some historians scold the authorities of St. Petersburg for such a symbol as the governor chain?

- Critics have such a job - to scold everyone. This chain was ready for the first mayor of Anatoly Sobchak. Sketch, of course. I broke my head for a long time, as she should look. And I decided to use the elements of the Anichkova's fence in the links with horses and with niada. Then they decided for a long time to convey the order for the manufacture, and did not do it. Then Vladimir Yakovlev came, but he did not even show the drawing, he did not like. Somehow the cold November night after inspection of the consequences of the flood, Yakovlev was passing by the Hermitage and went on a light. The directorate of the museum is not sleeping when the flood. I sat down, chased a coffee with Vilinbach and Piotrovsky, and all of them relaxed at that moment, took from the folder my drawing with Sobchak autograph. I saw Yakovlev, said: "Oh, you have to do!". But again stretched time. Finally, the 300th anniversary of St. Petersburg is approaching, Valentina Matvienko came, they decided to make a hurry to do and put on her! The curiosity is that we did not take into account the features of the female figure. There are two griffins hold the coat of arms of the city, they are attached to brackets on the type of window loops. Made, tried out - father, the design will turn! Panic rose: "What to do, is about to pin the chain?!" What I told them: let the master manufacturer come with the round-rolls and a little bit will nourish the ears. And everything fell very beautifully. The governor carries the chain very rarely, and sorry, in other cases she would be supposed to be with this regalia.

- How can customers describe their wishes that they want to see in the sketch?

- It is funny. I made sketches of the Laureat sign of the State Prize. Suggested different options, painted even an excellent golden eagle with a branch of sapphires and diamonds. With elegant wings, barking laurels and palm branches. But everything was not the customers, but they could not formulate their idea.

- Who was the customer?

- Commission in the Office of the President. Vladimir Kolin, looking at the sketches, asks: "And what is the eagle in the paws?" I explain that the palm branch and that I often use such a classic element in sketches. And he suddenly says: "Why do palm trees? We grow trees!" And laughs. With great difficulty, I pulled out of them that they, it turns out, do not want the Eagle wings to fall down. As they saw a drawing with raised wings, and shouted: "Oh, what you need!" In accordance with the taste of customers, the icon of our laureates hand the usual - eagle without diamonds, the whole gold and symmetrical. It turns out that symmetry for officials is of particular importance. My sketch of marine awards, similar to George for sailors, rejected precisely because of the reason that the eagle was asymmetrical in the picture. When to the left or right on the background of the eagle draw the symbol of the department, and I had an ancient heroic sailboat with the Andreev flag, the eagle, of course, is asymmetrical. But in the silhouette volume was the very essence of the sea soul, the marine honor! Others worried the official: they say, the head of state will be awkward to attach the hero asymmetric award

- Surely, the people believe that fees for such a unique state order as the state coat of arms and state awards made you a millionaire?

- Nothing, except for salaries in Geroldia, I have not received for them. We have a strange principle in our country: the higher the Customer, the more solid, the one considers itself less due to pay the Contractor. Made the coat of arms - consider yourself happy!

- Historians and collectors still waiting for your big album with all unique savory sketches. Why is such a publication still not?

- Some my sketches appear in a number of publications. Someone earns on them, making calendars. But I myself can not publish an album with my works. For a simple reason, I do not have my own sketches. Some of them are stored in the office of the State Guardmaster, and the rest, the most important, somewhere there, in Moscow.

- True, that the eagles did you draw because of their resentment on the state that once sent you to the Gulag?

- Yes No, I first refused to draw them. But Vilinbakhov persuaded: "Uncle, do, only you will succeed!" Other artists then did not like anyone. And I, working in the Hermitage, has long been fascinated by Heraldry.

- How did the former Sidelo take the most important museum? Frond Directorate?

- After the camp, I worked in one project office, but there suddenly began to dismiss unreliable. I did not wait until the queue comes out, myself left. Long been without work. Then the radio heard that the Hermitage was required by specialists. Just removed Mikhail Artamonov and appointed Boris Piotrovsky. It was 1964. Asked for a simple architect, and I suddenly say: the main one is required, simple enough! There was nowhere to go, agreed. By the way, side by side had to work with the former head of the camp - he was our main specialist in the administrative part.

- You were incriminated to the tunnel from Leningrad to the Kremlin. And what was really?

- We just survived the blockade. At school at the Academy of Arts, the arts, where I entered in 1944, we were five times, we played the war. After all, the war lasted, until the spring of 1945 was far away. During a large break, we remained in the building, because then the transport badly worked, where are you going? The Academy was dead, cold, she had not returned from evacuation from Samarkand, and we guys were warming, running in the attic. In the game, someone should be a fascist, and someone with a red fighter, we changed in turn, caught each other, tied "prisoners", scared. Someone heard our horror stories and reports. And we were taken, 14-year-old home kids. The investigator should have shut something, so invented about the tunnel under the Kremlin.

- Probably, you did not even understand what it was about?

- We did not imagine that we would be for the game. SELECTED FOR 25 YEARS!

Evgeny Uknalev: "In fact, no one knows why the eagle is double-headed and why he appeared in the drawings"
Photo: / Evgeny Lucinsky / Agency.photographer.ru /

Coat of arms of the Russian Federation (1993).
This version of the state coat of arms was rejected as too imperial.

Seal of the President of Russia, sketch (1994).
Most official eagles are copies of the "coat of arms".

Coat of arms of St. Petersburg (2001).
The historic coat of arms is supplemented by a blue ribbon and rods with an eagle.

The sign of the head of St. Petersburg (developed in 1995, was presented in 2004).
The shield with the coat of arms of the city is supported by the winged griffins, the chain consists of links repeating the elements of the Anichkova bridge fence.

Honorary sign of the Wine of the State Prize of Russia (2005) - at the top.
Sketch (below) Casting did not pass because of the omitted wings of Orlov.

For maritime merits (2000).
The draft State Order ruined the absence of symmetry.

"300 Years of the Russian Guard" (2000) sketches of a memorial sign.

"Honored Jeweler" a corporate award project decorated with the image of Karl Faberge.

Eagle of the private American police copies the coat of arms of Russia with minor changes.

Rothschilds raised new financial grinders. Soon you will learn about him.

On May 17, Rothschild & Co investment bank will be headed by a seventh generation representative of the famous Rothschild dynasty - 37-year-old Alexander de Rothschild. For two hundred years, the family has strictly observes the Patriarch covers and the founder of the genus, who punished the descendants to always act deteriorate, trust the management of a family-owned enterprise only to relatives on the male line and observe secrecy in matters. The famous banking house over the centuries engaged in historical scale transactions. The image of omnipotent backstage dolls was formed under the impression of their activities. Conspirologists are confident that the famous family, whose branches spread wide in Europe and the United States, controls world finances with the help of a federal reserve system. The origins and change of generations in the famous banking clan - in this material.

Shutter

The end of the eighteenth century is the era of giant change for Western Europe: the revolution and overthrow of the monarchy in France, the birth of industrial production, a series of large-scale wars, gradually loss of landowners-aristocrats of political influence and emancipation of oppressive groups. It is at this time that the basis of the financial power of the Rothschilds is laid. The people of the dynasty is Meer Ambel, the son of Amshel Moses, modest changed from the Jewish quarter in Frankfurt am Main.

Meyer Rothschild, founder of the dynasty.

Father wanted a cleaned boy to rabbi, but Meyer showed a tendency to worldly affairs. For some time he was practiced in the banking house of Oppenheimer in Hannover. Then he worked in a diverse bench of his father under the red sign (in German sounds like Rot Schild, subsequently, this phrase has become the last name).

"Trends' catching, Meyer Ambower took up the buying of ancient coins and medals. The German to know the time was keen on collecting various antiquities, so a conscious and neat young man quickly began useful acquaintances with the strong world of this, and the changeable shop was transformed into the bank.

The career takeoff of the son of the change of ghetto occurred after his acquaintance with Landgraf Hesse-Kassel Wilhelm. Traditionally, bankers' Jews were engaged in various financial transactions for German princes. For example, by the court bankers of the Habsburgs in Vienna were representatives of the house of Oppenheimer, the King of Prussia Friedrich II Great used the services of the Berlin Firm "Efraim and Sons". Bygoing competitors with the help of protection and gifts to patrons, Mayer Amshel became the main court financade of Wilhelm.

All in House

The well-being of the family has sharply gone into the mountain, the younger kids actively included in a family business. As if fabulous characters, swinging arrows in search of happiness, the sons of Mayer were drove through the largest cities of Europe: Solomon - to Vienna, Nathan - to Manchester (later he moved to London), Kalman - in Naples, Yakov - to Paris. The eldest son stayed in Frankfurt am Main.

In memory of this on the coat of arms of Rothschilds, five arrows and motto on Latin are depicted: Concordia, Integritas, Industria - consent, honesty, hard work.

Coat of arms of Rothschilds

This was founded by an international financial network that covered the most developed European countries. Formally competing, the brothers in every way supported each other and exchanged news with the help of correspondence coded for yidish. Subsequently, the most viable branches of the family tree turned out to be English (from Nathan) and French (from Yakov) - they still flourish.

For the marriages of children, a court financier approached very seriously: sons led to a family of a bride with solid dowry, the wife of daughters were also included in the clan, but worked on the lower positions. Stand at the steering wheel of the family-owned innovation did not shine anyway. The wealth of the clan could only control the descendant of Mayer Ambel on the male line. The money acquired was to stay in the family, so the descendants of Mayer were married with cousins \u200b\u200band speaking relatives.

However, all the elite did this. For example, by the end of the XIX century, the Austrian imperial family turned out to be so branched that marriages were becoming increasingly married between relatives who belonged to various branches of the genus Habsburgs, they write Andrei Shary and Yaroslav Shimov in his book "Austria-Hungary: the fate of the empire". ERCGERSOG AUSTROY-HUNGARIA FRANT FERDINAND, who became the heir to the heir to the throne in 1895, was outraged on this:

If someone from our family falls on the side, in the pedigree, there will certainly be some kind of nonsense that impede such a marriage. So it turns out that we have a husband and wife, all twenty-time relatives. As a result, half of children - fools or full idiots.

Rothschilds concluded marriages exclusively with adherents of Judaism and won the glory of the "Jewish royal surname". The rules established by Meyer Ashlem remained unchanged for 200 years, only in the 1970s David Rene, a representative of the French branch of the Rothschilds, married Catholicke, the Italian aristocrat of Olympia of Aldobrandini.

They brought up their daughters in the Catholic faith, but Alexander's only son is the future heir of a family case - in Judaism.

Also in 2010, Rothschilds were first appointed by the Executive Director of the NM Rothschild Investment Bank not from Rodney - Briton Niphel Higgins. True, quite someone, Chief Higgins was still not - by this time he worked for a family already a quarter of a century.

To whom the war

Rothschilds could remain at the level of the town of Bogatius, if it were not for the war. In 1806, the emperor of the French Napoleon I invaded Germany. Landgraf Wilhelm fled from the country, leaving affairs on the care of his court banker. Something came in handy Mayer his arrow, flew toward a foggy albion. The son of Nathan instantly threw a textile trafficking in Manchester and retrained in the Exchange Rogue in London.

The French confiscated part of the gold of Wilhelm, but the main capital of his chief Rothschild-Sr. Thanks to Nathan securities operations managed to translate to England. On joys, Landgraf has unsubscribed by the court bankers for the symbolic commissions of all rights to managing their papers, and Nathan engaged in buying and selling British government bonds. So Rothschilds became the first European millionaires and financed Wars of Great Britain against Napoleon. One of their bright operations is a gold crossing for the Wellington Army in Spain.

On September 19, 1812, the Russian Army, Under the Command of Feldmarshal General, Prince Glenchev-Kutuzov, retired to Podolsk. On the same day, the founder of the Rothschilds, Meyer Ambel, was died in the house on the Jewish street of Life, Frankfurt am Main, but his business lived and grew - the wealth and influence of the Rothschild brothers increased along with the amounts of loans provided by them.

There is a legend that Nathan learned about the victory over Napoleo at Waterloo a day before everyone in London, but he came to the stock exchange with a sad face and began selling governmentobaliations. Seeing this, stockbreaks decided that the British and their allies were broken, and rushed to get rid of papers for a snot.

Having waited for the collapse, the agents of Crystochny Nathan bought fallen state bonds. As a result, the London Rothschild earned 40 million pounds of sterling on this operation.

However, some researchers denied this story in reliability - Nathan missed securities against the background of affected moods before the battle of Waterloo, they say.

The world established in Europe after Napoleonic wars, also contributed to the growth of the well-being of the family - the ruined war countries needed loans for recovery. Grateful winners monarchs gave banker brothers nobility, and the Austrian emperor Franz II complained Rothschilds Baron title. Napoleon tried to conquer Europe with guns and guns, but lost. The old light will be prompted by bills and banking loans.

World backstage

The nineteenth century was the golden age of the Rothschilds. Europe, and with it and the whole world rapidly changed, the Rothschild banking network financed the construction of industrial enterprises, railways, the purchase of Great Britain of the Suez Canal, the development of oil fields in the Russian Empire (on the territory of the current Azerbaijan).

Rothschilds were partners de Beers in search of diamonds and gold in South Africa. They are accused of assisting in the unleashing of military conflicts, such as the devastating war of Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay with Paraguay. Numerous descendants of Maer Amblue were fond of luxury and art, the construction of palaces and charity. But by the end of the century, the fame of the family began to mess. Perhaps they themselves wanted it, because the money, as you know, love silence, and the left and right publicists accused bankers in all the troubles of humanity.

In the twentieth century, Rothschild structures began to specialize in large-scale merger and acquisition transactions. Adherents of conspiracy theory consider Rothschilds ideological inspirers of the first bank of the United States - the prototype of the Federal Reserve System (Fed). The dynasty is ranked among the real owners of the system. Officially, the Fed belongs to 12 federal reserve banks approved by the US Congress, but organized as private companies.

Performing covenants

Alexander Rothschild, the only son of the current chapter of Rothschild & Co 75-year-old David Rene, is a direct descendant of the founder of the French branch of the Rothschilds - Yakov. After graduating from the Higher School of Foreign Trade (Esce International Business School) in Paris, Alexander was gained experience in the New York Bank of Bear Stearns, as well as in the investment company Argan Capital in London.

In the family business, he came in 2008, four years ago became the second face of Rothschild & Co - the Deputy Chairman of the Board of Directors, that is, David's father. According to the media, Alexander is fond of equestrian sports and horse riding.

After Alexander officially stands at the helm of the company, David will look after him - will take the position of Chairman of the Supervisory Board. The change of generations Rothschild commented on the LE MONDE newspaper as follows:

Good luck, a little knowledge and what has always been the main thing in the family: By the end of the career, every Rothschild always put a family member in his place, usually choosing the best. If this was not found, the worst did not choose. We must take into account the ability to perform work.

David Rene Rothschild ruled the family business for more than 40 years, under his leadership Rothschilds in 2007 united the British and French clan branches. Now more than 3.5 thousand financiers in 40 countries around the world work for a family, providing private capital management services, consulting and commercial banking. Family members Rothschild owns 48 percent of Rothschild & Co. financial holding, another 10.3 percent of the shares belong to families close to the Rothschilds to families or partners, and the rest of the shares are traded on the stock exchange. Capitalization of the company is 2.4 billion euros, revenues in 2017 - 1.9 billion euros, net profit - 247 million euros.

Father David Rothschild and son Alexander Rothschild. |