Dmitry Philosophers. Philosophers Dmitry Vladimirovich Dyagilev - Myasin - Vera Clark
Dmitry Vladimirovich Philosophers
26.03.1872 – 04.08.1940
literary and art critic
publicist, public figure
he studied in the gymnasium K. Mai in 1882 - 1890
Dmitry was born on March 26, 1872 in St. Petersburg. Father Dmitry, V.D. Philosophers - official of the Ministry of Justice, in the 1860-1870s Nearest Assistant Military Minister D.A. Milutin in reforming the Russian army, later the main military prosecutor, a member of the State Council. Mother - A.P. Philosophian (UR. Dyagileva) is a prominent activityman of the Russian and international movement, one of the founders of higher women's educational institutions in Russia, the organizer of charitable societies and committees. The family of philosophical belonged to the old nobility, was friendly with the Stasy family. The philosophical house was one of St. Petersburg art and public life centers. The proximity of the mother to radical circles is also widely known. All this largely determined the life path of D.V. Philosophian. His childhood and youth proceeded in the capital and childbirth of Bogdanovsky (Pskov province). The impressions of stay in the Pskov region found a later reflection in the work of D.V. Philosophian (Pskov Nobility, his story, Pushkin on the Pskovshchina).
Dmitry entered the second class of private gymnasium K.I. Mai in 1882 and completed a full gymnasium course in 1890. Together with his one-shirts A.N. Benoita, K.A. Somov, V.F. Nouvele and G.E. Kalina Dmitry Philosophers participated in the creation of a circle called by them by the "Self-education society", which was the forerunner of the famous unification "World of Art". At the end of the gymnasium, following the family tradition, Dmitry entered the Faculty of Faculty of the University of St. Petersburg, where he specialized in the field of state law from Professor N.M. Corkuna. In 1894, the essay of Dmitry Philosophian "On the Union State" was noted at the competition of student work. Upon receipt of the I-esi diploma was left at the Department of State Law (1895). Intected at the University of Heidelberg (1896). Engaged in Germany in the seminar of the state prof. G. Iellenka. Prepared and published a report on the state legal status of Finland.
Upon returning to Russia, credited to the codification department at the State Council (1896). He was elected director of the Board of the St. Petersburg Charitable Committee (1896). Since 1897 he began to engage in journalistic activities, published in the magazines "Northern Vestnik", "Education", "Labor assistance", "Journal of the Ministry of Justice". In 1898, at a personal request, he left classes and was ranked with the Ministry of Folk Enlightenment with Subscriptions to work in a public library. In January 1900, he was credited to the state of the junior assistant librarian with the imposition of the responsibilities of the head of the legal department. He ordered the department in 1900-1905. The service in the public library D.V. Filosophers combined with participation in public life.
He was known as the leading critic and editor of the literary department of the magazine "World of Art" (1898-1904). These years got close to Z.Hippiius and D.S. Merezhkovsky, forming a kind of triple union, which played a significant role in his biography and influenced the cultural life of Russia late XIX early XX centuries. Together with Merezhkovsky and V.V. Rosanov, the religious and philosophical meetings are organized (1901-1903). It stands with Merezhkovsky at the origins of the magazine "New Way", regularly printed also in the newspaper "Our Life" (1904-1905). January 9, 1905 he participated in the first rallies of protest against the shooting of a peaceful demonstration of workers. He supported the requirements of the lower employees of the library about improving their material position. The discontent of the administration by the public position, the difficulties of further combination of journalistic and official activities prompted Dmitry Vladimirovich to quit the public library "according to home circumstances" (December 1905).
In February 1906, he left together with Hippius and Merezhkovsky to France. It becomes the Paris Correspondent of the newspaper M. Kovalevsky "Country" (1906-1908). I also publish messages from France in the newspaper "Comrade" and other Russian publications. D.V. Philosophers are one of the organizers of the St. Petersburg religious and philosophical society, Comrade Chairman, Chairman of the Company (1907-1917). Editor of the Weekly "Voice of Life" (1915), a collection of memory A.P. Philosophical (1915).
It was close to Cadet Circles and Political Freemasonry. He welcomed the February events of 1917, advised A.F. Kerensky, insisted on the adoption of measures to defense of Russian democracy. The October Revolution of 1917 philosophers met hostile. He entered the political red cross, tried to assist those arrested for "dissent," participated in attempts to resume the publication of the newspaper "Speech" (1918). By the decision of the Committee of the Public Library in October 1918 D.V. The philosophers are enrolled in the service of the junior assistant librarian, in May the same - librarian. He worked in the offices of "Rossic", printing, manuscripts. Organized (together with V.M. Pushin) the exhibition to the 100th anniversary of the birth of I.S. Turgenev. Pass the Public Library of Personal and Family Archives, as well as Letters V.Ya. Brysov, A.F. Koni, MA Vrubel, L.N. Andreeva, A.I. Kupina, V.A. Serov et al. (November 1918 - April1919).
In December 1919, D.V. The philosophers received a vacation without preserving the content and, together with Hippius and Merezhkovsky, drove through Belarus in Poland. Left to stay in Warsaw (1920-40). In 1920-21, the nearest employee B.V. Savinkov in the Russian Political Evacuation Committee, Comrade Chairman, Chairman Political Design. He performed at the congress of the People's Union of Protection of Motherland and Freedom with a report on "On the attitude towards General Wrangel and Semenov" (June 1921). In fact, he was the head of the People's Union of the Protection of Motherland and Freedom in Warsaw, a member of his Central Committee (1921-24). Leading employee of the newspaper "Freedom" (1920-32). Editor of the magazine "Illustrated Molver" (1920-25), the "Sword" weekl (1934-39).
D.V. Philosophers graduated from 4 August 1940 in a small resort town of otodsk, not far from Krakow (Poland).
Works:
Words and Life: Literary Disputes of the Newest Time (1901-1909) St. Petersburg., 1909
Non-day lamp: Art. on church. and relig. Questions (M.1912)
Old and new: Sat. Articles on Art and Literature (M.1912)
Author - Parashutov. This is a quote of this message.
ZhZL (Konstantin Somov. Orientation Talent is not a hindrance. Part 1 Dormant)Yes, friends, do not be surprised by the name. About one of the founders of the unification of the "World of Art", the bright representative of the Russian symbolism and modernist Konstantine Andreevich Somov was written quite a few articles and books. They are devoted mainly to the work of the artist, in which there are many paintings of erotic content. About Somov's personal life, alas, everyone knows a little. As historians write, "he thoroughly protected his personal life from publicity." Unfortunately, what managed to find out, I read on sites dedicated to unconventional sexual orientation. Do not hurry to blame me in sympathy to this community, the internet search engines led me there. However, the information is based on quotations from the published books. Sociologist and sexologist Igor Semenovich Kon in the book "Lika and Masks of Sobola of Love" and Lion Samuelik Klein in the book "Another side of the luminaries: Unusual love of outstanding people. Russian constellation. " Using quotes from these books and what I found on the Internet, I wrote a material about Konstantine Somov, which you may not know that you may not know. But the personal life of the artist who was a homosexual may help you to take his work brighter.
Konstantin Somov Self portrait. 1895
Now that I encourage me to appeal to this topic and go to search for information. In the diary of my lifeline companion, Anna Kykolnik appeared material with the picture of Somov "Boxer", on which Boris Snezhkovsky is depicted, as researchers write, "the last love of the artist". In search of information about Snezhkovsky and the idea of \u200b\u200bmaking material about Somov was born, and Anna helped picking pictures. By the way, in March-April of this year, an exhibition "Portrait of a history" was held in the Moscow Gallery "on Lenivke", which was represented by painting and graphics of "Artists of the Silver Century", including the portrait of Snezhkov's Somov Brush. So you can consider this material and the echo of the last exhibition. Let's start?
Chapter I. Dapparyzhnoe
A family
Konstantin Somov was born 18 (30) November 1869 in St. Petersburg in the family of the historian of art Andrei Ivanovich Somoova (15 (27) May 1830 - May 30 (June 12) 1909), which by the end of his life served as the keeper of the Hermitage collection. He knew Bryullov in his youth, met with Fedotov. In 1871, Somov-Sr. became the honorable free general educators of the Imperial Academy of Arts, since 1886 he became the oldest Keeper of the Hermitage and a member of the founder of society of Russian aquafortists. And he was the editor of the "Bulletin of Fine Arts" and since 1891, an employee of the art department in the publication of the Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron.
Konstantin Somov Portrait of A.I. Osov, Father of the artist. 1897
Mother of the future artist, Nadezhda Konstantinovna (nee Lobanova)was a good musician and widely educated person. It was she who instilled her sons love for music, painting and theater. Yes, and the profession of his father contributed to "attachment to the beautiful" - he himself told the sons interesting stories about artists, and the walls of the Som's apartment, as Albert Benua recalled, "were born with paintings."
Konstantin Somov Portrait of the Mother of the artist. 1895
I wrote "sons" because Konstantin was a second child in the family, he had an older brother Alexander. How his fate arose, I am unknown. It is only mentioned that he was already in his youth by a fullest person and served in the Ministry of Finance. In the creative heritage of the artist, there is a portrait of the nephew of Vladimir Alexandrovich Somova, the son of Alexander, written by Konstantin already in emigration, in 1925.
Konstantin Somov Portrait V.A. Somov. 1925
During the writing of the picture, the artist was either in the relatives in America, or in France (what will be the story later), so it's not clear whether the nephew of the uncle posed, and where did it happen? Lie Konstantin's brother emigrated with his family (since after leaving the country there are only evidence of Somov's correspondence with his sister) or the artist simply completed the picture started before emigration?
Art historians! Where are you? See how much questions for you!
And I drew attention to this portrait also because the Volodya Somov is like very similar to many future lovers of the artist. I do not know why I rushed into my eyes to look like, and what lies behind her ... Although, I confess, the thoughts of the similarity arise, looking at the portrait of the second nephew - the son of the sister of Anna.Konstantin Somov Portrait E.S. Mikhailov. 1916
It is clear that both guys are young and cute. But, as they say, maybe in this similarity "buried the dog" of the homosexual inclinations of Constantine. In fact, historians write that "in childhood, Kostya preferred to play dolls, make suits for them, he was the easiest to be friends with the girls."
Kostya Somov. 1883
Although, again, in the picture "In the Children's", written by 29-year-old Somov, he portrayed a horse, a gun, drum - the most popular attributes of boys games. Whether his children wrote an artist, or this is a casual interior - unknown.
Konstantin Somov in the nursery. 1898
Sister
I repeat, Somov had an even younger sister Anna (January 28, 1873 - October 18, 1945), which became the singer and artist-designer. Anna studied painting at home under the leadership of Brother.
Konstantin Somov with sister Anna. 1890s.
She married a valid Stat adviser to the Department of Failure Charges of the Ministry of Finance Sergey Dmitrievich Mikhailov.
Konstantin Somov Portrait of S.D. Mikhailova. 1900-10
At first, Anna with the help of bones, and then embroidered on his own and launched the bags, made decorations for dresses and decorative panels, which in 1911-1924 participated in the domestic and world art exhibitions, bringing the author first premiums. In France, Somova's bags called Ridiculya, some fashion researchers believe that it was her bags who were the hedlemen of modern women's handbags at all.
Konstantin Somov Portrait of Sister A.A. Somom at work. 1892
By the way, thanks to the preserved PRATI correspondence with Anna from emigration, historians know a lot about the life of the artist in France, because Konstantin wrote a sister almost every three days. It is amazing that with such love for the sister, I managed to find only a few of her portraits, and then graphic and written with a difference in almost a quarter of a century. Although it is known that the sister, together with his mother, Kostya portrayed, pleased at one of the first of his drawings.
Konstantin Somov Portrait of A.A. Osova-Mikhailova. 1897
Konstantin Somov Portrait of A.A. Osova-Mikhailova. 1920School of May.
Education Konstantin received, enrolling in the most popular, private gymnasium at that time Karl Ivanovich May. (1820-1895), graduate of the Historical and Philology Faculty of St. Petersburg University. This German men's school was opened on September 22, 1856 and in 1861 received the official name "Real School on the degree of gymnasium".
Karl May and the building of his gymnasium.
The main motto of the school was to say the founder of modern pedagogy Jan Amos Komensesky "First love - then learn." Not in vain, graduates of the school about the atmosphere, who reigned in this school, said - "May Spirit." Many future representatives of the artistic intelligentsia studied at school: Nikolai Roerich, Alexander Benoit, writer Lev Uspensky, publicist and literary critic Dmitry philosophers and others.
It was with the Dima philosopher that Konstantin had the first youth novel. As writes in his book, "C Dima Kostya immediately found a common language, and they began friends. According to Benouua, who studied in the same gymnasium, the special proximity of Dima and the bones, who held together and the mansion, did not like almost anyone. And, perhaps, they did not become objects of ridicule and outcasts only because both of the period had left the establishment of May. "
It is known that due to Dmitry's illness, sent for treatment to Italy, and Somov's father took away from the gymnasium, because the young man was seriously given natural objects, and he could not finish a gymnasium with successful marks.Philosophers
Dmitry Vladimirovich Philosophers (March 26 (April 7) 1872, St. Petersburg - August 4, 1940, Tsotsk, Poland) took place from the old noble family, his father was the closest assistant to Military Minister D. A. Milyutin and a member of the State Council. Anna Pavlovna's mother (nebileeva) was a writer and one of the founders of higher female educational institutions and charitable societies.
Lion Bakst Portrait of D. Philosophian.
Speaking about the further fate of the philosophian, it is worth saying that after treatment, he graduated from the Gymnasium by K. May in 1890, he entered the Faculty of Faculty of the University of St. Petersburg, which he graduated from 1895. It was then trained in Germany, and since 1898 he began working at the St. Petersburg Imperial Public Library and began to engage in journalistic activities. Dmitry communicated with Somom, but this later.
The philosophers became one of the founders of the unification of the "World of Art", he worked as the editor of the literary department of the same name magazine (1898-1904), then it became close to D. S. Merezhkovsky and Z. N. Hippius. In December 1919, together with Merezhkovsky and Hippius, he left the Bolshevik Russia and settled in Warsaw, where he became close to Erser Boris Savinkov. After 1936, due to a number of failures (failure of all publications, they were headed by, the death of associates and like-minded people of Savinkov and Arzybashev), as well as old age and philosophers, departed from literary, social and political life.Dmitry Philosophers 1930
He died a year after the beginning of the Second World War and was buried at the Orthodox Cemetery in Warsaw.
Academy
So, where Somov completed education, it is also unknown, as well as something else has met the information - who, who young people studied the Azam drawing. Maybe private teachers or friends of the Father? But who specifically? In one of the biographies of the artist flashed phrase: "Since childhood, the boy dreamed of becoming a painter."
Nevertheless, in September 1888, 20-year-old Konstantin entered the Imperial Academy of Arts. From 1888 to 1892, he graduated from the main course of the Academy, and from October 1894 he continued his classes in the workshop of Ilya Repin. In the same 1894, Somov for the first time took part in the exhibition of Russian Watercolor Society.Konstantin Somov Youth Self-portrait. Rubbrozh 19-20 centuries.
Repin called Somov "Caught young man." Already in student years, the artist began to draw the harlequins and ladies of the XVIII century, which a little later will bring him fame. One of Somov's fellow students recalled: "I remember the feeling of amazement from surprise and then admiration when he brought his sketch on a given repinne theme" near the pond "." Later, Benoit called Somov "Creator of the idyllic style of last life."
But in February 1897, the artist, without accustomed, leaves the Academy and leaves for Paris. In 1897-1898, he was engaged in Collairshi Academy. In Paris, Somov became close to Alexander Benua, communicated with E. Lancere and A. Otrumova, who studied at the time in France. Then, apparently, the idea of \u200b\u200bcreating the Unification of the "World of Art", the founder of which was the former graduates of the May - Beno'a, philosophers, Nouvelev, Somov and who joined them to Dyagilev.Dyagilev
Sergey Pavlovich Dyagilev (19 (31) March 1872 - 19 August 1929, Venice) was born in Seliachi Novgorod province, in the family of personnel military, hereditary nobleman, Kavalearga Pavel Pavlovich Dyagilev. Mother died a few months after the birth of Sergey, in childhood the boy lived in St. Petersburg, then in Perm, where his father served.
Sergey Dyagilev. Photo of the late XIX century and a picture written by Natalia Tretyakova based on this photo.
In Perm on the corner of the streets of Siberian and Pushkin (formerly Big Yamskaya), the Generic House of Dyagileva was preserved, which contemporaries called "Permian Athens", and where the gymnasium of his name is located (Hi Anne! Can you tell anything interesting about this house?). I know that the mansion was built on the project of architect R. O. Karvovsky in the style of late classicism.
After the end of the Perm Gymnasium in 1890, Dyagilev arrived in St. Petersburg and entered the Faculty of Faculty of the University, in parallel with the music of N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov in the St. Petersburg Conservatory. In 1896, Dyagilev graduated from the university, but did not work as jurisprudence, and two years after receiving a diploma, he created together with Benoit "The World of Art".
On the future life of Dyagilev - Anginrenoir and collector, the organizer of the "Russian seasons" in Paris and troupe "Russian ballet Dyagilev", you can read everywhere. In addition, Dyagilev is interesting today not even in connection with the "world of art", but with Somov.Konstantin Somov portrait S.P. Dyagileva. 1893-95
"World of Art"
Of course, the history of this artistic association requires a separate story. Therefore, running on it "dotted".
So, the "world of art", as an association and magazine were founded in St. Petersburg in 1898.
Later in the union, artists of the Moscow School, which were part of the Abrahants Mug - K. Korovin, V. Serov, Brothers Vasnetsov, M. Vrubel, M. Nesterov.Organizers of the Unification of the "World of Art" - K. Somov, V. Nouvel, S. Dyagilev and D. Philosophers. photo of the late XIX century
Already at the beginning of 1898, Dyagilev and Philosophers organized and conducted an exhibition of Russian and Finnish artists at the Museum of the Central School of Technical Drawing of Baron A. L. Stiglitz in St. Petersburg, and then, in the summer of the same year in Munich, Düsseldorf, Cologne and Berlin. The first issue of the journal was released in November 1898, the first article about Somov, written by Benua, was published.
Konstantin Somov Self portrait. 1898
The artistic orientation of the "world of art" was associated with modern and symbolism, members of the association argued that art is primarily an expression of the personality of the artist. In one of the rooms of the journal Dyagilev wrote: "The work of art is not important in itself, but only as an expression of the personality of the Creator." The period of the greatest activity in the life of the association came to 1900-1904, in 1901 and in November 1903 the exhibitions of the Miriskusnikov Group were held at the St. Petersburg Imperial Academy of Arts and in the Stroganov Institute in Moscow. After 1904, the union has lost ideological unity, after the revolution, many of its participants emigrated, and in 1924 the union actually ceased to exist. And we will return back to Somov.
Row of centuries
In the autumn of 1899, Somov returned from Paris to St. Petersburg. Making the activities of the "World WORD", Konstantin began to communicate with his school love - Dmitry philosophical. And, perhaps, "fading love" could break out, but Dmitry's heart was already engaged in his cousin from Perm Sergey Dyagilev. Kon in his book writes: "Despite the fact that with Dyagilev Somov will cooperate a lot, some dislike will continue for life."
Lion Bakst Portrait of Sergey Dyagilev with nanny. 1906
In the meantime, Somov plunges into the world of the "trim decades" of the capital. About this time, rather, about the reasons of "Freedom of Love," said the poet-symbolist Vyacheslav Ivanov: "All human and world activity comes down to Eros, ... There are no ethics, no aesthetics - both are reduced to erotica, and all daring Eros, is holy. Posted by only hedonism. " As historians noted, the era of decades demanded a liberation in everything. But if many symbolists (hypause, Ivanov, Merezhkovsky) considered sex tools for spiritual liberation, then for Somov "he was just entertainment, a source of bodily pleasure, not related to any higher values."
Somoms often have friends at dachas near St. Petersburg, likes to visit the Tauride Garden, where you can easily choose yourself for the night of a pretty young gymnasium. Close friendly (and maybe more close) relations associate Constantine at this time with another one classmate Walter Nueve.Nouvele
Walter Fedorovich Nurel (1871-1949) - a musical and theater figure, one of the founders and inspirations of the unification of the "World of Art", served as an official of special instructions in the office of the Ministry of the Imperial Court.
Walter Nouvele.
Walter was born in a large family (he had three brothers and sister) of the merchant of French origin engaged in finance. In 1882-1890, the boy studied in the Gymnasium of Charles May in the same class with Somov. Nouvele's biographers write that in the seventh grade Walter with classmates Benouua, Somov, philosophical and Kalin created a circle "Society of self-education", which was the forerunner of the "world of art". After graduating from St. Petersburg University, Nouvele entered the service of the Ministry of the Ministry, and his free time devoted to promoting art and artistic criticism. Walter was the organizer of the music evenings and many enterprises of the association, a member of the editorial board of the Journal of Art.
Historians write that Nouvele spent almost all his leisure with Somov (perhaps nothing over-like in their relationship and was not!), But after the Walter came close to Dyagilev (Ah, this serge risk!) On the soil of general hobby music - "They often played" four hands "" (sounds somehow ambiguous!).Lion Bakst Portrait of Walter Fedorovich Nueve. 1895
In general, that parting with Somov was almost painless, at one of the series of concerts of the "Evening of Modern Music", organized by the magazine "World of Art", in the fall of 1905 Walter introduced Konstantin with the poet Mikhail Kuzmin. The last note that I want to write - right passion of the Madrid yard!
Lion Bakst Portrait of Constantine Somov. 1906
Completing the story of Nureel, I will add that after the October Revolution, Walter left for emigration and became an assistant to Dyagilev in the organization "Russian seasons" in Paris.
Konstantin Somov portrait V.F.Nwell. 1914
Kuzmin
Roman with Kuzmin was a brief, but passionate. As wrote in his diary the Witness of the origin of their relationship, the poet Vyacheslav Ivanov, over the portrait of which at the time he worked soms, "the artist was corrupted and deprived of virginity."
Mikhail Kuzmin
Mikhail Alekseevich Kuzmin (6 (18), 1872, Yaroslavl - March 1, 1936, Leningrad) In his biography, wrote that he was born in the family of the Yaroslavl nobleman, and one of his ancestors on the mother of the mother was known in the time of Catherine II French actor Jean fin. Cuzmin's biographers write that the poet's personality is "an unusual alloy of gullibility and directness with emphasized artistry and a tendency to clutch."
In 1884, Mikhail's family moved to St. Petersburg, where he graduated from the gymnasium, he studied at the Conservatory at N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov and A. K. Lyadov for several years, then began to write poems and began artistic activity as the author and executor of musical works on Your texts.
By the time Kuzmina and Somov dating, both already knew each other. Somov read the homosexual story of Cuzmina "Wings", and he, in turn, dreamed of meeting Constantin in the hope that the artist would write his portrait.
By the way, Ivanov, who, joking, wrote about Somov's seduction, became almost a pimel, since the poet and artist in the winter of 1905-1906 were often found at the evenings in the house of Ivanov.
However, the poet of Somoms first did not notice (Kuzmina at that time had his "heart friend" - Pavel Maslov), until he read about it in the diary of the poet, who led him throughout his life, considered "open Book "And even read sometimes in a narrow circle of friends. About Somov Kuzmin wrote as "invigorate, with love for life, to the body and flesh, and without naching" a man.Already by the spring of 1906, their relationships became closer. Moreover, Konstantin has not yet thrown him with Nueve several times a week there are on the apartment of the poet, they exchange books, discuss the latest news, Kuzmin introduces Somov with his lover Maslov. And such "quartet meetings" continue almost during the year.
As writes in his study, "their intimate rapprochement occurred closer to the fall, and Paul Maslov took part in the love games (following the heroes of the film" Pokrovsky Gate "I want to exclaim -" High relationships! ").
It should be noted that Somov, with such an active personal life, did not cease to actively engage in creativity. In addition, in 1903 his personal exhibition was held in St. Petersburg, the artist's paintings were exhibited at the exhibitions of "Setsission" in Berlin and on the "Autumn Salon" in Paris (1906).Elizabeth Zvantseva Portrait K.A. Osov.
The topic of the harlequin pastoral, replaces an erotic topic. In 1907, the anthology of erotic writings of the authors of the XVIII century "The book of Marquise comes out in Germany. Collection of poetry and prose "illustrated by the erotic drawings of Somov. The text used poems, songs, epigrams, novels and diary records Andre Shheny, Casanov, Guys, Voltaire, Majuson - the younger and excerpts of "dangerous connections" Skoderlo de Laklo.
Konstantin Somov Cover first edition "Book Marquise" (Das Lesbuch der Marquise). 1907
Konstantin Somov Marquis and Piero. Illustration to the "Book of Marquise".Historians believe that Somov introduced erotica in Russian graphics as an ironic genre, which looked like critics, "not seriously" tired byproof. " Later, the book will be twice to be published in 1918, and every time the number of illustrations will increase - from 8 to 31, often becoming more obscene.
Konstantin Somov illustration to the book of Marquise (Le Livre de la Marquise). 1918
With an increase in the fame of the artist, his novel with Kuzmina by the end of the 1900s "left no". The reasons for researchers are called "they were too different."
Konstantin Somov Self portrait. 1909
The artist who has a well-known and famous artist, who has his own home in St. Petersburg, is always constant in the money and wandered by removable apartments, a poet, friendly with St. Petersburg pimp and addicted by the buyers and sellers of haberdashery stores.
Somov, of course, performed the poet's dream - in 1909 he wrote his portrait.Konstantin Somov Portrait of M.A. Kuzmina. 1909
In addition, for almost five years, the artist was a "personal illustrator" of the poet - chose an illustration and painted vignettes to the texts of the poet. As Kon writes, "they remained friends, although in the notes of Somov, several unflattering reviews about aging kuzmin will be discovered."
After the revolution, Kuzmin remained in Russia, was mainly translated, wrote theatrical reviews. At the invitation of Maxim Gorky, he participated in the compilation of the plans of the French section of the World Literature Publishing House, translated the prose anatoly of France and edited a meeting of his writings. Kuzmin died in 1936 in the Leningrad Hospital and was buried on literary walkways of the Volkovsky cemetery.Oh, these boys in the trico ...
In 1909, the father of the artist dies as a result of an accident, the crew at the Palace Square at Hermitage, accidentally hit him and after a few days Andrei Ivanovich did not become.
Despite the family tragedy, Somov continued to work fruitfully. By the end of the 1900s, the artist continues to develop two main directions of his creativity: portraits and stylized under the XVIII century gallant paintings and landscapes. Critics are called the second direction "Rococo reconstructed world." In portraits, as noted critics, the artist was also very strong.
In January 1910, Somov receives an order for a portrait of the wife of a rich Moscow collector Girschman - Henrietta Leopoldovna. By the way, Somov wrote Geni (as he called her, having friends) twice, once again - in 1915.Konstantin Somov Portrait G.L. Girschman. 1910
Konstantin Somov Portrait G.L. Girshman. 1915Vladimir Osipovich Girschman. (1867-1937) - Russian merchant and patron, collector of painting and antiques, the philanthropist of the Moscow Art Theater, another 1890s fired by collecting. The basis of his assembly was the modern Russian painting, which he acquired at exhibitions in Moscow and St. Petersburg or bought from the artists themselves. The portrait of the collector himself left us Valentin Serov, who also wrote Henrietta.
Valentin Serov Portrait of Vladimir Osipovich Girschman. 1911
In general, Somov began to drive a series of sessions to Moscow, where he stayed at Girschmanov, in his spare time he went on museums and theaters, where he met a 31-year-old lover dancer Nikolai Poznyakov. The man looked very young and was beautiful - chubby lips, dense eyebrows, bangs, falling on his forehead. In his diary, in the same period of January 1910, the artist recorded: "Was last night with Pozdnakov, Moscow dancer. Sentimental, enthusiastic, stupid, but dear ... ".
Konstantin Somov Portrait of a Dancer N.S. Poznyakova. 1910
This novel was a vehicle - only during the year, lovers met in St. Petersburg, where Poznyakov came with performances. Somov wrote about five portraits of Nicholas. The nephew of an artist Evgeny, the son of Sister Anna, recalled that the dancer "posed in a tiger or leopard skins to full growth in a ballet position - and it was a very picturesque sight."
By the way, the portrait of Poznotakova, even earlier than Somov, wrote more Serov (and did not find other portraits of Somov!).Valentin Serov Portrait of N.S. Pozdnyakova. 1908
I will add only that later Nikolai Stepanovich Poznyakov (1878-1941) became a choreographer, then he was a pianist and died at the beginning of the war in the rank of professor of the Moscow Conservatory in the class of piano.
But, although they say that "love is stronger at a distance", life in different cities and rare meetings, of course, could not but influence the relationship between the artist with Nikolai. In addition, the main reason was the fact that in the life of Somov there was a myth, and in the personal life of the artist, the pastoral world of the relationship, which he portrait in his early works.Methodius
A forty-year artist met an eighteen-year-old model Methodius Lukyanov (1892-1932) In September 1910, but since Nikolai was rarely driving from Moscow, and always needed to work, then Somov, of course, used the services of Lukyanov. For the fruitful work, the young man even settled in the apartment of the artist, met his relatives and soon from the simulator, assistant and friend turned into a "son, brother and her husband", as the artist himself called him. Their connection of historians call the "exemplary-indicative marriage", which lasted 22 years (!), "No twig and almost without change."
Unfortunately, almost nothing unknown is not known about the lives of Lukyan himself to the meeting with Somov and his life before emigration. Only the portrait of myth remained (as Methodius Relatives of the artist and close friends called), written by Somov in 1918, purchased by the Alexander III Museum and now in the Russian Museum of St. Petersburg (it is clear that these are different names of one museum!). The artist depicted Lukyanov sitting on a sofa in pajamas and a coat. Art historians noted that in the midst of the revolution, the expulsing old world, during street shootouts and nightly robberies, the artist writes a very "homemade, cozy portrait", in which in the foreground, a calm expression of the face of the young man, a homely bathrobe and a comfortable stay of the sitting.Konstantin Somov Portrait M. Lukyanova. 1918
This calm, probably personifies the confidence of the artist himself. Becoming in January 1914 by the actual member of the Academy of Arts, Somov in the same 1918 becomes a professor of petrograd state-owned artistic workshops.
Boris Kustodiev Portrait of K.A. Osov. 1914
In addition, he teaches at E. N. Zvantseva. And in 1918, in the St. Petersburg Publishing House, Golik and Villegration comes out by the second edition of the "Book of Marquise", the training of a personal exhibition begins, which took place in 1919 in the Tretyakov Gallery.
But after four years, Somov will leave Russia, as it will be forever, following the favorite myth, with whom it will be until the end of his days. But about this in the next chapter.The end follows ...
Original entries and comments on
Today, letters: archimandrite neophyte and philosophical Publicist, critic, Comrade Chairman of the religious and philosophical society - The latter on 8 pages about the article of his "Cathedral and the Minister of Confession", clearly unfair, careless and mighty to bring the harm to the church. Really and conscientiously can be seen in the Russian Patriarch counterrevolution and reaction! Is it really to resort to the help of "powerful okhricov" appropriate even just a decent person, not that the responsible administrator!
Really kartashev Interim Government Religious Minister It is necessary to tighten the All-Russian Secondary Cathedral, as the Synodal Prosecutors of the Imperial Period teatted the Synod and the ruling hierarchy. Does the Kartashev must submit the All-Russian Patriarch temporary law-Wu counter-revolutionary scarecrome, and the government as part of the "comrades" - Gvozdeva, Kerenskogoprier Minister, Malyantovichminister of Justice, Nikitina minister of Internal Affairs , Enver Pasha Verkhovsky, etc., etc. The bastards have the right to impose "Veto" to solve a freely convened and elected church cathedral, to judge which can only the Council of the Universal. The government did not prevent Georgian EP. Cyrion to become a patriarch of Georgia. It does not hurt it and the Old Believers to declare some moletia of the Moscow Patriarch of All Russia's Old Believers.
Is it possible to have a Patriarch to have a novopravossya church if she wants? Of course not. Before the discovery of the cathedral, there were other seams that only the cathedral was made to make a decision not to taste with various voluntary waders of the Church of the La philosophers, etc., as these wisely, good matters, "Dolo", "dismiss", "counter-revolution", "Turning and not let " etc. It was difficult to expect that the first cry will be "speech", and in it it was philosophers, Orthodoxy is still alien. It is easy for him to threaten the "sinks". But are they easy to suffer the Cathedral of the Cartoise, who said at the meeting in Moscow, that he is "Son of the Church"? Yes, and do not need "okhriches".
If the kartashev under the pressure of the party or from the concern that the Patriarchate would give birth to a new confusion, - what I do not believe - will present it to the government as now - it is untimely, then the government can and quietly, without the "okhricov" to achieve the uninstallation of the patriarchate, threatening the separation and deprivation of a statement . It is possible that two hundred years having fallen and relaxed the Church to this day will sell the Patriarch for lengthening chowder "pavement" with monetary signs, the price of which "11 k. For one Arshin" and for supporting other means, but it is possible that left with the Patriarch, but And even pursued and persecuted, she will be revived and blossoms in this poverty and persecution. Would love the second, but not seeing her if the first happens. Two hundred years old on the lists, can she immediately do without any government support?
It is still afraid of philosophers that, restoring the patriarch, the church will be the danger of self-samads from the side. But is it not his article, there is just such a self-made before the decision of the Cathedral and the government's intervention in this intracerer case, driven only by its members, and not only strangers, is not only self-sacred, but also blasphemy?
And the most art. The philosophical, so similar to the denunciation and the cathedral, and at Kartashev (the accusation of the inaction of power), is not an amazing phenomenon with undoubted decency and his mind.
He and especially Merezhkovsky Poet, playwright, literary critic, one of the founders of symbolism Capably often on errors are painful and regrettable, more than compromising. Veliad Easter article of the Merezhkovsky "Angel of Revolution" is the first such an error after the revolution. This article is philosophically - a second mistake. Sad!
November 20 (8 on the old style) of 1869 in the city of Belov Tula Province in the family of a lawyer, the Russo German and granddaughter of the Yekaterinburg Politzmeister, a daughter of Zinaida was born.
In his youth, it looks very impressive: high, statist, with lush golden hair, gentle white forehead and emerald eyes. The figure resembled a young man, disguised as a lady (not in vain for its critical activity, she elected the "male pseudonym" - Anton extreme, and many poems wrote from the face of a man). She was considered that lesbian, then heterosexual. Sometimes hinted on the fact that nature did her hermaphrodite. Her husband, Meriazhkovsky, threw notes: "Aged Aphrodite, sent to his wife - hermaphrodite."
She kept as a recognized beauty (there was a hippius necklace composed of the wedding rings of her fans!), And in one of the poems, even stated: "I love myself like God." In addition, she is densely rushed and descended as an actress on stage (and then it was not accepted), which attached her face a kind of mask, artificiality. And her movements were strange: legs and arms, as it were, the geometric shapes were drawn, not related to the fact that it was told. She dressed brightly, even scratchy, defiantly, but at the same time the whole throat was poetic. Brucezy called her "Zinaida beautiful."
Her favorite entertainment was to hold people, confuse them, put in an awkward position and observe their reaction. Hippius could invite an unfamiliar person in his bedroom, to appear in front of him, and sometimes even taking a bath.
For one and a half decades, in front of the 1905 revolution, Hippiiius appears to propaganda sexual liberation, proudly carrier "cross sensuality", as stated in her diary of 1893.
In 1889, Hippius marries a writer and philosopher Dmitry Sergeevich Merezhkovsky. She was 19 years old, he was 23. Both believed that their meeting was mystical and predetermined over. The wedding was more than modest. There was no feast, no guests, no colors. After the wedding, Merezhkovsky went to the hotel, and Zinaida remained at the parents. In the morning, the mother woke her shout: "Get up! You still sleep, and my husband came! ". Only then the hypius realized that yesterday was married ...
The personal life of the Meriashkovsky, who did not partial to the coffin board, was accompanied by a lot of rumors and non-pieces. Sometimes their marriage was called the Homosexual and Lesbian Union. There are various opinions on the one who still leaded in their union. Sometimes they say that it was Zinaida who belonged to those ideas that the Meriazhkovsky also developed in their works.
In their family, she rather was her husband, and he was his wife. Sometimes she signed her articles by his name, and there is even a couple of poems included in the collections of Merezhkovsky, but hypios written. Others point out that the poetess tried to hold onto the shadow of the Great Husband all his life, but many considered her the only smartest woman of Russia and appreciated her poems above the creativity of Tsvetaeva and Akhmatova.
In 1904, Gippiius, which becomes a major event in the life of Russian poetry. Annensky, for example, wrote that in the work of Hippius - "The whole fifteen-year-old story of our lyrical modernism," noting as the main theme of her poems "painful swing of the pendulum in the heart." Bruces spoke about the "invincible truthfulness", with which hypius records various emotional states and the life of his "captive soul".
Zinaida Nikolaevna Hippius and her husband outwardly very much did not fit each other. She is a beauty, and he is a little growth, with a narrow clouded breast, black, deeply planted with eyes, with a half-seame, freely loose beard. A man with encyclopedic knowledge, he raged quotes from the Bible and kept with an indisputable superiority. Non-promoters said that Merezhkovsky worked "under the yurody", and hypius - "for the witch". And she really possessed some special properties that made her unlike others. But contemporaries note that she was ulcer, barbed, even evil. And the white called her "axis in human growth."
With her husband, they lived, according to her, "52 years old, without separating any day," therefore there are no letters to each other. True, their marriage was unusual, some biographers suggest that they were not associated with intimate relations, denied the bodily side of love (by the way, each in the famous "Muri House" had its own bedroom).
The union was rather a spiritual marriage. On the basis of the Orthodox idea about Trinity Hippius and Mereryovsky, the concept of the Triune family has created and embodied it in a joint existence with a publicist Dmitry philosophical. Their 20-year-old "Threesome Friendship" was called the "mystical union of three." However, despite the curvators, one of the contemporaries wrote: "It was impossible to present them in a domestic plan. They were not carnal in them, they went in a romantic life, like a half."
After the death of Meriazhkovsky in 1941, Hippius as if petrified, struggled with her desire to commit suicide. They said that she considered Merezhkovsky alive and even led to talk with him. The poetess dedicated her last years to work on the biography of her husband, but after her right hand was treated, the book remained unfinished.
The most recent friend in her life was a wild and evil cat. Dying, Hippius lay with her in an embrace, looked only for her and did not want to see anyone.
Zinaida died on September 9, 1945, aged 76 years. Hateing hypiiius did not believe in her death and came to personally make sure that it was no longer, knocking on the coffin of poetess sticks. But for many her death was the personification of the end of the whole era ...
Hippius and Merezhkovsky are buried in Paris in one grave.
Dmitry Philosophers. 1897. Hood. Lion Bakst
In history, a lot of characters, whose names are always mentioned only as an addition to the story of the prominent representatives. The name of the criticism and public figure of the beginning of the twentieth century Dmitry Vladimirovich Philosophian (1872 - 1940) belongs to a similar circle of satellites of bright historical personalities. But in fact, he was one of three, a member of the Union of Equal - Hippius, Merezhkovsky and Philosophian. I would venture to assume that it became the third only because the stamp in passports stood still at Merezhkovsky with Hippius, and even to criticism as a genre in which philosophers worked, still belong to some disregard. But, creating a squeezorous triune family, they, of course, were striving for a unique equality in all-pervaling love to each other through touching the Divine.The only thing that might stand out by philosophers in this triple union is its more pronounced homosexuality.
Dmitry Philosophers comes from the ancient Russian clan, whose roots go back to the times of Prince Vladimir Red Sunny. His father is a high-ranking royal official - Senator, member of the State Council, at the same time military prosecutor of Russia. Mother - Anna Pavlovna, nee Dyagilev. This was written about her in the excerpt "Retribution": "Who was connected with Anna Pavlovna, - everyone will change her good ... // Hold a lot of young people in her public salon ...".
Dima was the youngest, it seems the ninth in a big family. He enjoyed universal attention and caress.
In the gymnasium, there was a close friendship in the Trinity (as if the complexity of the Triune family was written by a philosopher in the genus) - the bones of Somov, Velichki Nouvel and Dima Philosophian. With each of the gymnasium comrades, the philosophian Roman will happen. And the first - with Somov - began on the school bench, but was divided into Moscow to continue the formation of Seryozhe Dyagilev - thereby creating glory to Russian ballet.
Dmitry Philosophers. 1898. Hood. Valentin Serov
In 1899, Dyagilev was headed by the magazine "World of Art". All organizational and literary editorial work took on philosophers. Then Zinaida Hippius and begins to look closely at Dmitry Vladimirovich.While "Pederentia" as a "sexual specialization" seems hypipe "perversion, funny even for animals ...". "Manernye, feminine v. Gloeden with a slightly spoiled thighs, for which women do not exist - isn't it the same, only the variety is lower, - what is some young, already banging from frills, officer for whom men do not exist? What Nap! I can't even understand this, for me it can rip in a solventy equal to me any reasonable creature, "she will record in the diary in August 1899, reflecting on the Brooron von Gloden, the author of a series of photographs on which naked boys are depicted. And noted that her choice in the other: "I am equally entails for all God's beings - when it entails ..."
Or such almost homophobic notes at current time: "Pederasts are very satisfied with their oversized crust and think that they are terribly sophisticated and new! Poor! It is a pity that they are spoiling, but it would give them a woman who would have seen that physically it's a step Forward. But why the reasoning! Yes, I do not condemn. It is necessary to survive everything. Just need to remember that you are worried, and go through it. "
So, by refusing a "narrow specialization", Hippius suddenly begins to look for feminine in men. "I like it, on the outside I love sometimes Pederastov (Gloeden old and comical is broken). I like the deception of the opportunity: as it were, a hint of a bobby, he seems to be a woman, and a man. This is terribly close."
Hippius realized that he was experiencing some craving for homosexuals - they were "very nice to fall in love." She looks at one of the lovers of Gloden, some 24-year-old Briguet, but maybe he does not like, but regrets ...
With pity begins, the first feeling for the philosophical: "It's a pity and Dima, who is in such a close topic ... I can not help him, he does not love me and fears." Looking at the philosopher in March 1901, she writes his confession to Dmitry's confession to Dmitry and chooses him as the third for the new church, which will give them the desired love of "justification".
Words and life. Literary disputes of the modern time (1901 - 1908). St. Petersburg., 1909
At that time in St. Petersburg in the "Muri House" at Hippiius and Merezhkovsky, meetings are beginning to take place, which gave the beginning of the Russian religious society. Dmitry Philosophers visits them not often, and if it appears, then a couple with a walter Nuelev. Hippius does not realize that Nouvel is not just a friend, but also an opponent. The main topic of assembly is the "Unresolved Floor Mystery" and the search for "God to excuse sex."Hippius is closely studying the philosophical, listens to any of his statements, looking for conversations. Later, philosophers admit that he understood and felt a special participation Hippius to his person and deliberately avoided it. Meanwhile, the concept that would allow Merezhkovsky to create a triune family, as a whole, theoretically took shape.
Gangway Hippiius solves through love for Christ. "Christ is a solved mystery of the floor. Through love in him - holy and clear love in a person, in the world, in people ..." And since the existing church "cannot satisfy us from the structure of us, nor people, we are close in time" , Hippius and Merezhkovsky are accepted for the construction of a new church. The third finally elected philosophers. The only alternative to him was Vasily Vasilyevich Rozanov (in the future, the author of "People of Lunar Light"), but he turned out to be too independent and a weighty figure, so his relationship with Hippius and Meriazhkovsky was quite quickly upset, "he was expelled from their circle and religious society.
However, there was an attachment to the philosopher of Walter Nouvel, the fourth one appears - extra. Nouvele came to Hippius and said frankly: "You are not looking for God, but a philosophical, because you have a personal attraction to him." Hippius, not doubting already in the absolute homosexuality of the philosophical, still hoped that the circle of the Triune family would be able to combine her attraction to two of this circle.
Zinaida Hippius, Dmitry Philosophers and Dmitry Merezhkovsky
In the great Thursday, March 29, 1901, at night, three hours in the "House of Murius" philosophers, hypius, Meriazhkovsky made a rite accompanied by prayers in front of the images, at the table decorated with flowers and fruits. They drank wine from one church bowl, knocked bread, impregnated with wine, as the blood of the Lord, were chanted three times with jacket crosses, kissing each other cruciform, read the gospel. And so three times.But Hippius noticed that the philosophers experienced some kind of "squeezing" to Meriarykovsky - it concerned possible sexual proximity. At the same time, Merezhkovsky and philosophers wanted a single "sexual range", and Hippius seemed to accept the fact that a different family, except for use, could not appear.
Meanwhile, Walter Nouvele, still in love with Dima, told him the true reasons for choosing a philosophical as the third - the desire of intimate proximity by Hippius, which, we recall, especially liked feminine men. Soon after the commission of philosophers began to avoid Hippius and Merezhkovsky. Hippius is naive - it was believed that the reason was not in it, but in the smoothness of Folosophov, who was afraid to join Dmitry Sergeyevich Merezhkovsky in the "sex circle".
Nouvele, who believed that he had to "save" the philosophian, that in this his "calling", tells about the rite of Dyagilev ... Hippius hopes to repeat the rite a year later. For joint prayer, special clothes are sewn, bread, church wine, flowers are preparing. But at the appointed time philosophers does not appear. Dyagilev, to whom Dima again "Study" takes his beloved abroad ... There was a breakdown. The same Nuvel has suffered, wanting to get a philosophical by any means that Dmitry Vladimirovich has already spent several pleasant watches with the new secretary of Sergei Pavlovich by the Polish Witch Smen. Dyagilev put the philosophian with a loud scandal.
Ex Libris Dmitry Philosophian. OTIUM CUM DIGNITATE (LAT.) - Holidays with dignity, rest with honor
In 1906, they left abroad. Fifteen years have lived "together, threesome." "Shame" between Merezhkovsky and philosopher was almost dissipated. From Europe philosophers Rigal Gorky (his brilliant criticism could not forgive the advice), argued with Mikhail Kuzmin and his "wings". Dmitry Vladimirovich believed that "his own" homosexual topic "tragic to the advantage", and Mikhail Alekseevich turned all the suffering to "a story about how easy and serenely irritate abnormal people."
Each spring in the Great Thursday, they repeated the rite, placed the beginning of their church. So it was and on March 14, 1911 in Paris, when Zinaida commited Dima, and Dmitry - Zinaida, and Dima - Dmitry.
But by 1913, the relationship exacerbates - Dima still feels the third and in the family life of Hippius and Merezhkovsky. In addition, political views were divided: philosophers - for war with Germany, and Hippius with Merezhkovsky - for peace.
The October coup, pogroms, the Bolsheviks, who shot patients of the Ministers of the Interim Government in the hospitals, the arrested Constituent Assembly - philosophers will meet all this together with Merezhkovskiy. Robust attempts to adopt Soviet power ... Escape in January 1920 through the Polish border, deprivation of emigration in Minsk, then in Warsaw.
In Poland, they settled separately for the first time in 15 years. Still in Russia philosophers fell into a strange stupor. Hippius assures that Meriazhkovsky hardly did not take it - "he was inert and inspirious when angry."
Dmitry philosophers on the slope of years. 1930
Russian emigration lived hopes for fighting the Bolsheviks. Terrorist Boris Savinkov (1879-1925), who formed Russian detachment to Polish money, suggested a philosopher to be his assistant. That, despite the resistance of Hippius and Merezhkovsky, agreed. Zinaida Nikolaevna, suspected of the reasons of such a rapid consent of Dmitry Vladimirovich, some intimate moment, Savinkova hated ...Whatever they spoke about the names of the secondary, whose fate - only to accompany the glory of others, the last twenty years of their life Dmitry Vladimirovich philosophers held as a completely independent social and political figure. He became one of the leaders of Russian emigration in Poland. Savinkov companion. Editor of the newspaper "Freedom" (1920 - 1921), "For freedom!" (1921 - 1932), "Solva" (1932 - 1934), the editor of the magazine, subsequently the newspaper "Sword" (1934 - 1939). Honorary Chairman of the Warsaw "Literary Commonwealth", founder of the literary club "Domik in Kolomna" (1934 - 1936).
He died in August 1940. Hippius, who did not gave him treason, but still loved him, recorded in the diary: "... where you wander, my spring, my faithful to what it is impossible not to be faithful."
Dmitry Philosophers, perceiving homosexuality as the "tragedy of the floor", together with Hippius and Merezhkovskiy, made a grand attempt to solve the "Gloor's problem" in the Spirit. ... True, the Triune family, the basis of which was to become a "intimate circle" of three who loved each other through Christ, crashed about the life of the passions and intimate egoism of its participants and the environment.
- Hippius Z. Diaries. 2 t. M., 1999
- Philosophers D.V. Words and Life. Literary disputes of the modern time (1901-1908). St. Petersburg., 1909
