Where do our sweets come from with such strange names (11 photos). Chocolate and sweets from the times of the USSR How sweets appeared in Russia

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Introduction

All of us, from young to old, adore sweets, everyone has a favorite variety. The first sweets appeared a long time ago, and since then they have only become tastier.

The very word "candy" came into Russian from the Latin language, which meant "cooked potion". Pharmacists first began to use it in the 16th century for medicinal purposes. Subsequently, the term began to refer to a wider range of confectionery products from different ingredients.

A rare tea party is complete without sweets. They are a wonderful treat, give warmth and joy to any holiday, are tasty and beautiful.

When we eat candy, we throw away candy wrappers, which, in turn, turn into garbage. Looking at the bright shiny candy wrappers, I suggested that using the names of the candies could make Russian lessons more interesting. In my project, examples are given of what learned rules can be found on candy wrappers.

Objective: Analyze the names of sweets from the point of view of the Russian language.

Tasks:

1. In order to broaden your horizons and replenish your vocabulary, get acquainted with the history of the origin of sweets.

2. Consider the names of sweets and break them into thematic groups.

3. Sort out the names of sweets according to lexical meaning and morphological features.

Hypothesis: The names of sweets, like other words in Russian, must have a lexical meaning and morphological features.

1. History of candy

From early childhood, we all fall in love with this miracle, invented by man many centuries ago. It's hard to believe, but the first sweets appeared in Egypt more than 3 thousand years ago. During the excavations, they found pictures and records containing information about how sweets looked and how they were prepared. In those days, sugar was unknown to people, so honey was consumed as a sweet. And the main component of sweets in Egypt were dates. That's how they accidentally mixed dates, nuts and honey, they invented the world's first candy.

They also learned how to make sweets in Ancient Russia, they were cooked from maple syrup, molasses and honey. Many people know lollipops, but few people thought about the origin of these legendary sweets. Ancient Russia was the birthplace of lollipops. In Russia, candy has been around for more than 500 years. We can assume that they were the very first sweets in our country. The first Russian confectioners made candies from molasses and honey, and they were intended for tsars, boyars and nobles. The first confectionery factory appeared in our country in the 19th century. To date, sweets from the Krasny Oktyabr, Rot-Front, factory them. Babaeva, Korkunov. In our city, sweets are produced by the factory "Yuzhuralkonditer"

Currently, there are many types of sweets, here are some of them: caramel, toffee, chocolate, truffles, pralines, etc.

That's what a long way and how many different delicacies were invented before the candy acquired its usual shape in a beautiful wrapper.

2. candy wrapper

Fantik - candy wrapper, which is used to wrap sweets.

Nowadays it is difficult to imagine a candy without a candy wrapper. Candy wrappers are like clothes for people: they protect and decorate the candy. The beauty of the wrapper depends on the artist who created the sketch. Every year artists come up with bright and interesting packaging for sweets.

It seems that interesting things can be found in candy wrappers. It turns out that he can tell a lot, for example, he can remind us of the rules of the Russian language.

3 . Topiccandy name groups

Having studied the names of sweets, I came to the conclusion that they can be divided into thematic groups.

I made six thematic groups: a fairy tale, fauna, flora, natural phenomena, names of fruits, geographical names.

Below, I have drawn a diagram of these groups.

Scheme of thematic groups of the names of sweets.

1.Vegetable world. This group includes the names of plants and flowers: "Barberry", "Cornflower", "Daisies", "Red Poppy", "Nuts in Chocolate", "Mint".

2. Names fruits also used in names. By these names, we can determine the taste of our sweets: "Pineapple", "Lemon", "Apricot", "Prunes in chocolate", "Orange".

3.Animal world. This group is represented by the names of animals and birds: “Bear-toed”, “Swallow”, “Bear in the North”, “Squirrel”, “Cow”. vocabulary candy lexical

4. Sweets, the names of which include different geographical names. By some names, we can easily determine the place where this candy was made: Chelyabinsk, Native Spaces, Kuibyshev, Karakum, Moskvichka.

5.fairy talebut. This group is one of the most common candy names among Russians. Since sweets are mainly aimed at children, fairy tale characters are used in the names of this group: “Golden Comb Cockerel”, “Little Red Riding Hood”, “Gulliver”, “Golden Key”, “Masha and the Bear”, etc.

6.Natural phenomena, seasons."Spring", "Taste of Summer", "Meteorite", "Sea", "Metelitsa", "Snowball", "Sun".

4. Russian language on candy wrappers

All the names of sweets (candy wrappers) we have considered can be classified according to the following criteria:

1. by composition

2. by lexical meaning

3. by morphological features

I noticed that the names of sweets consist of one or more words. Having considered monosyllabic names, I found out that they are divided into a noun and an adjective, both in the singular and in the plural. And also, they are masculine, feminine and neuter.

Cornflower - noun, unit. h, husband. R

Daisies - noun, pl. h

Mint - adjective, singular, female

Lemon - adjective, pl.

The sun is a noun, singular, cf.

By candy wrappers, it’s more fun to study vocabulary. Each name contains its own meaning.

Cornflower - meadow flower

Spring is the season

Meteorite - cosmic body,

There are also phrases in the names of sweets.

Most often it is a noun and an adjective:

"Golden Cockerel", "Little Red Riding Hood", "Golden Key" and others.

Less common are phrases where the noun and noun are in the genitive case: “Taste of Summer”.

Output

All the names of sweets that I have studied are, in fact, parts of speech that we have already studied in Russian lessons.

The names are extremely diverse: it can be a word and phrases.

Candy names can be combined into thematic groups.

Each name has its own meaning.

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When did they appear?

Sweet treats, the forerunners of our favorite sweets, have been loved in different countries since ancient times. So the culinary specialists of Ancient Egypt created sweets from honey, lemon balm, toffee roots, cane and dates, and the ancient Romans - from boiled poppy seeds, nuts, honey mass and sesame. In Russia, they loved a delicacy made from maple syrup, honey and molasses.

Sweets, outwardly similar to modern ones, began to be produced only in the 16th century in Italy. This is due to the fact that sugar was established, without which it is impossible to make sweets. Initially, it was believed that this is a rather strong drug, and it was sold only in pharmacies. Over time, candied fruits in sugar, it was they who received the names of sweets, ceased to be considered medicines, and became popular sweets.

What it is?

The very word "candy" came into Russian from Italian, where confetto means "pill, candy." Initially, it was used by Italian pharmacists to name candied pieces of fruit - candied fruit, sold as medicines. The form - "candy" - appeared a little later in the 19th century, when Italian carnivals became popular, in which participants threw confetti at each other - fake plaster candies.

Today, sweets mean sweet confectionery products of various shapes, tastes and textures.

What are they like?

The modern assortment of sweets is so large that confectioners have come up with many classifications. We are also interested in what types of sweets we can buy in the store, the names of which may differ slightly from different manufacturers. The most popular and in demand by Russian buyers:

Caramel. Consists of molasses and sugar.
Lollipops. One of the easiest to manufacture is the molasses, sugar or sugar obtained as a result of cooking. The resulting composition is flavored and poured into special forms. The name of the candies is listed below.

Candy on a stick;

Lollipops in a paper wrapper;

Soft lollipops - Monpasier;

Licorice or salty sweets;

Elongated or oblong candy shape. The names and photos of such "pencils" and "sticks" are presented below.

Souffle, for example, "Bird's Milk", which may also be called "Wonderful Bird", "Bogorodskaya Bird", "Zimolyubka" and others;

Grillage, obtained from crushed nuts filled with sugar, fruit or honey syrup. These are sweets such as "Roasting in Chocolate", "Rillage Fairy Tale", "Strawberry Roasting" and others;

Pralines - chocolate candies stuffed with nuts ground with sugar and cocoa mixed with cognac or some other flavoring: "Bud", "Babaevsky", "Choconatka", "Juliet";

Liquor sweets contain inside the filling of liquor or sugar syrup with cognac: "Cream liqueur", "Liquor in chocolate", "Blue Velvet";

In sweets with jelly filling under a layer of chocolate there is a thick berry or fruit jelly: "Lel", "Southern Night", "Lebedushka", "Zaliv" and others;

- "Fudge" or sweets with fondant filling obtained from milk, molasses, cream, sugar, fruit fillers and other components: "Miya", "Rakhat", "Spanish Night" and others;

Truffles are elite round-shaped chocolate sweets filled with a special French cream - ganache. It is made from butter, cream, chocolate and various flavorings. The outer surface can be coated with crushed or ground nuts, wafer crumbs or cocoa powder.

chocolate stories

Chocolate sweets loved by many appeared thanks to the famous navigator Hernando Cortes, who discovered the American continent. It was he and his associates who brought cocoa beans to Europe and introduced Europeans to chocolate. The monk Benzoni contributed to the fact that chocolates began to be regularly consumed to maintain the health of the Spanish monarch, and after him his courtiers. Subsequently, the fashion for chocolates spread to other countries, where influential people used them as a medicine. Until the 17th century, only Spanish confectioners made chocolate and sweets from it, and sent sweets to many royal courts. Over time, the secret of making chocolate sweets became known to other countries, but until the end of the 17th century they were made only by hand.

How did sweets appear in Russia?

The first confectionery factory for the production of chocolates was opened at the end of the 17th century by the French confectioner David Shelley. Until the 19th century, Russia did not have its own candy production, and the delicacy was brought from abroad, or prepared by special chefs in the kitchens in the homes of rich nobles. The first Russian confectionery factory was opened in St. Petersburg only in the middle of the 19th century.

What was candy called before?

As already mentioned, until the 19th century, sweets were either imported into our country from abroad, or produced at home in the estates and palaces of nobles. For sweets made at home, descriptive names were given, taking into account the shape, method of preparation, size, fruits and fruits used. The book “The New Perfect Russian Confectioner, or a Detailed Confectionery Dictionary”, published at the end of the 18th century in St. Petersburg, contains such funny names for us as sweets such as Strawberry Cakes and Green Apricots in Caramel, Jasmine Candies and Anise Sugar Snacks, Cherry Marzipans and Apricots in candies.

Industrial names

The opening of the first Russian confectionery factory led to the fact that already at the beginning of the 20th century, many different varieties of sweets appeared. At first, French recipes and names of sweets prevailed, the list of which was not very long:

"Baton de Gralier";
"Finchampagne";
"Cream de risien";
"boule de gome";
"Cream de Noison";
"Maron Praline" and others.

Over time, the French name of chocolates began to be translated into Russian, and “Creamy Venus”, “Cat's Tongue”, “Girl's Skin”, “Salon” appeared on sale, decorated in accordance with Russian grammar. However, in some cases, bilingual candy names were also used, for example, "Studded with pearls, or Coriandor perle." Russian confectioners called the new sweets they created themselves in Russian and often used names associated with the images of the fair sex: “Sophie”, “Marianna”, “Merry Widow”, “Rybachka”, “Marsala”. Educational series were also produced, for example, "The Riddle". A simple riddle was placed on the wrapper of such sweets. Before the revolutionary events of 1917, chocolate series "Sport", "Geographical Atlas", "Peoples of Siberia" and others were produced.

Until the October Revolution of 1917, it was possible to buy Tsarskaya Raspberry or Tsar Fyodor Mikhailovich caramel. After him, the names of sweets changed dramatically. Caramels "Krestyanskaya" and "Krasnoarmeiskaya", "Hammer and Sickle" and "Our Industry" appeared on sale.

However, most chocolates retain their French names: Dernier Cree, Miniature, Chartreuse, Bergamot, Pepperment and others. Such neutral names as "Squirrels", "Tomboys" and "Bunnies" did not undergo ideological rethinking. The Soviet names for the new sweets reflected current events and achievements. So in the 30s of the last century, the following were produced: “Fight for equipment”, “Be ready”, “Sabantuy”, “Milkmaid”, “Chelyuskintsy”, “Heroes of the Arctic”, “Winner of the Ice”.

The conquest of space by man in the 60s of the XX century was reflected in the appearance of the candies "Cosmic" and "Cosmos".

Around the same time, it became popular to introduce literary characters into the names of chocolates: "Snow Maiden", "La Bayadere", "Blue Bird", "Sadko", "Little Red Riding Hood" and others.

Chocolate candies, during its existence managed to conquer the whole world. People of all ages simply cannot deny themselves such pleasure. Sweets began to gain their popularity since the 15th century. In those days, people from wealthy classes could afford sweets, but at present, a person with any income can afford this delicacy, and with all this, chocolates are a great gift.

Few people know the fact that initially chocolates were used as a medicine, and not as a confectionery familiar to us. Most often, crushed candied fruits were used as a filling for such healthy sweets.

At first, chocolate sweets were in short supply, and therefore many guests at social events often took a few sweets with them. Even Paul I could not resist, and was caught stealing sweets.

The largest candy recorded by the Guinness Book of Records was a bear made entirely of chocolate. This masterpiece is 1.65 m high and weighs 630 kg. To prepare such a bear, confectioners needed a mold weighing 3 tons

In Finland, thanks to the efforts of inventive confectioners, sweets with the original taste of salt and even oil were created.

What types exist?

Currently, there are many varieties of chocolates, which differ in the type of filling. Here are the most common types:

Grillage;
Souffle;
fudge;
Candies with pralines;
Sweets with liquor;
Jelly candies;
Truffle;
Sweets with puffed rice.

Regardless of the variety of sweets, absolutely all types have a chocolate shell. This is how the name chocolates came about.

Grillage is a mixture of candied ground nuts , which are sometimes topped with fruit syrup.

Soufflé is a mixture of sugar syrup and egg white, coated with chocolate.

Fondant - it is a mass of molasses and sugar which includes milk.

Praline candies are roasted nut kernels ground with sugar and fat.

Liquor candies are sweets with a small amount of alcohol in the filling, such as wine or liquor.

Jelly candies are a product the filling of which is a jelly mass of fruit.

Truffle - this type of candy is considered one of the most expensive, the filling of this candy is cream, cream and butter. On top of these sweets are covered with crispy wafer crumbs.

Candies with puffed rice is a chocolate product, inside of which there is puffed rice.

How to choose?

In order to choose good, fresh sweets, you need to carefully examine the product before purchasing it.

First you need to pay attention to the date of manufacture indicated on the package, so it will become known how fresh the product is in front of you. Also, the reputation of the manufacturer plays a big role in the choice of sweets. The more famous the manufacturer, the less likely it is that the candies will be of poor quality.

In supermarkets, sweets should not be placed on shelves with cold air, because due to temperature changes, a white coating may form on the sweets.

It is better to choose sweets that indicate on the packaging that they are made in accordance with GOST. However, this applies to those chocolates that you remember from Soviet times. Many modern inventions of confectionery production are still often regulated by the technical conditions of production. On the packaging they are marked TU.

As part of high-quality sweets, the main component should be cocoa powder.

The appearance of chocolates can also indicate their quality. Good sweets should be without damage, smooth to the touch, with a glossy surface, with a chocolate smell.

Storage of chocolates

Chocolates have a relatively short shelf life, so when you bring them home, be sure to follow these rules:

Chocolates should not come into contact with sunlight. At home, it’s enough just to put the sweets in the closet.
It is best to store sweets in store packaging, because it can extend their shelf life.
Too low a temperature is dangerous for the quality of the candy, as well as too high.
The humidity level in the room should be no more than 70%.
Chocolate-based sweets should be kept away from all sorts of foreign odors.

Remember that at the end of the shelf life, you should not use sweets, so as not to harm the body!

Benefits of chocolates

There are not so many useful properties of chocolates, but the main thing is that they exist:

Sweets contain glucose, and glucose, as you know, is considered a source of energy for mental work, and also for physical work.
Depending on the filling, chocolate candy includes certain vitamins and minerals.
Chocolate candies improve the emotional state of a person and cheer up.

In general, when eating good and high-quality chocolates, your body will only benefit. In any case, a few sweets will not interfere with tea drinking. Of course, it will be better if the sweets are homemade.

Is it possible to have chocolates for pregnant and lactating mothers?

Of course you can, the main thing is not to abuse this sweetness. During pregnancy and breastfeeding, chocolate candies will fill the lack of glucose in the body, as well as cheer up and restore the emotional system. The main thing is not to consume more than 25 grams of sweets per day.

But before you confidently start eating candy, you should make sure that you do not have allergic reactions to chocolate, and also make sure that the baby does not develop allergies. If you still decide to please yourself with sweets, it’s better not to risk your health and eat home-made candy than store-bought, because the quality of chocolate now leaves much to be desired.

Cooking at home

The option below for making chocolates at home is the simplest and does not require a large number of ingredients. The result will have a magical taste, and in time you will not lose much.

For cooking you will need the following ingredients:

300 g cocoa powder;
170 g butter;
250 ml of water;
40 g flour;
130 g of granulated sugar.

Cooking:

Pour water into a small saucepan, which should warm up, not boil. In the meantime, the butter, which has melted, should be mixed with cocoa powder, until a single consistency. After the water has warmed up, we send the resulting mixture and the remaining ingredients there. Stir the mass so that no lumps appear.

Into the dishes prepared in advance, at the bottom of which there should be foil, the mixture is poured, evenly distributed over the entire container. The dishes with the chocolate mixture are put into the freezer for 1.5 hours to solidify. At the end of time, chocolate candies are cut into small pieces.

Manufacturing secrets

Thanks to the secrets of making chocolates, given below, you can please yourself and your loved ones with high-quality and delicious sweets of your own production.

Intolerance to chocolate in too warm rooms. That is why the temperature in the room where chocolates are made should not exceed 19 degrees.
To make chocolate sweets, you need chocolate without fillings. But you can melt it in several ways, either using a steam bath or heating in a microwave oven. These methods are equivalent - choose the most suitable for yourself.
Chocolate molds must be dry and free of scratches. Because if there are scratches on the mold, the chocolate can burn.
Chocolates can be filled with dried fruits, nuts, marzipan, and ganache.
Fruits can also be used as a filling, but still better to use jam.
Best of all on chocolates as a decoration, nuts look.

And remember that homemade chocolate candies with dried fruits have a shelf life of about one month. Chocolate candies without filling are stored for about a year.

Harm of chocolates

You can talk about the harmful properties of chocolates for a long time, but the interesting fact is that moderate consumption of sweets does not harm human health. The daily norm for an adult is 40-100 g of chocolates. The most common symptom for those with a sweet tooth is an allergy, which can occur with excessive consumption of chocolates. Also, sweet lovers can pursue a change in carbohydrate metabolism, and excess weight.

Chocolates are a product containing fast carbohydrates, they have a high glycemic index, therefore it is strictly forbidden for people with diabetes to consume. It is also worth limiting yourself in the use of sweets containing alcohol, to people who are being treated with medications.

The harm of sweets is also due to the content in their composition of various dyes, flavors, preservatives, trans fats, oils, which are used to enable long-term storage of the product, improve its external and taste qualities.

Due to the large amount of sugar in chocolates, this product has a negative effect on human tooth enamel. Therefore, dentists recommend not to get involved in this type of sweets. Read more about chocolates in the video below.

05/17/2017 at 13:38 · pavlofox · 59 880

The most delicious sweets in Russia

Residents of any country can boast of delicious delicacies. In Japan, chestnut quintons are considered the best dessert, in Turkey - baklava, in Britain - pudding, in Italy - tiramisu.

In Russia, sweets occupy the first place among delicacies. One can only be surprised at their diversity: each region produces an uncountable number of delicious sweets with a wide variety of fillings. It is incredibly difficult to choose the best samples from them. Our Top 10 includes the most delicious sweets in Russia (photos and names), which are most often bought by consumers not only for themselves, but also as a delicious gift to friends and relatives. The list is based on feedback from users of major Internet resources and is subjective.

10. Bars with chocolate cream flavor

They open the list of the most delicious Russian sweets from the Rot Front factory. The bars are made from pralines with the addition of grated peanuts and crunchy crushed wafers. Harmonious nutty, chocolate and creamy taste is well felt. The bar is quite sweet, but not cloying at all.

The estimated cost of 1 kg of sweets is 319 rubles.

9. Delicate dessert with cream filling

One of the most delicious Russian sweets - a delicate dessert with cream filling "Roulade" from the Akkond factory. The manufacturer has been delighting consumers with excellent products for many years. The most famous candies of the factory are Rulada. They are three times the size of regular candies. The sweetness is covered with chocolate icing, under which there is a delicate creamy filling, dressed in a wafer layer.

"Rulada" is a delicious, fragrant, crispy dessert with a melting filling. Due to the large size, it is difficult to eat more than 2-3 sweets at a time. Moderately sweet, this dessert has a harmonious taste, despite the abundance of ingredients in its composition.

The approximate price of a dessert is from 300 to 450 rubles per kilogram.

8. Milk chocolate set with whole hazelnuts and light nut filling

Among the most delicious sweets in Russia is the trademark "A. Korkunov.

Sweets have a beautiful shape, they are made of milk chocolate, inside a whole hazelnut nut, and a light creamy nut filling. The dessert is not sugary, has a delicate chocolate flavor.

Stylish elegant packaging allows you to use a set of sweets as a delicious gift.

The approximate cost of a set weighing 190 grams is from 300 to 380 rubles.

7.

From the factory "Rot Front" - one of the most famous and delicious sweets in Russia. They have been produced for sixty years and are loved by more than one generation.

Candies are rectangular in shape. Delicious praline covered with chocolate icing. The candy has a pleasant chocolate-nut taste without sweet cloying. "Mask" is available in bags, by weight and in a gift box. The last option is good because you can buy your favorite sweets not only for tea, but also as a delicious gift.

Of the minuses of the dessert, not the best composition can be noted: palm oil is present in sweets.

The average cost of sweets for 250 grams is 120 rubles.

6.

Factories "Red October" are familiar to more than one generation and are among the most delicious Russian sweets. Their taste has practically not changed since Soviet times. The classic wrapper of the delicacy has hardly changed - it still depicts camels wandering through the desert. The wrap is good quality and thick.

The inner layer of the dessert is a soft praline with pieces of waffles and nuts. Delicious filling covered with delicate chocolate icing. Sweets are not cloying, nothing superfluous and artificial is felt in the taste.

One of the advantages of the dessert is that it is made in accordance with GOST.

Estimated cost of sweets - 600 rubles per 1 kg.

5.

Among the most delicious Russian sweets is from the Yashkino factory. They have amazing taste. Externally, the dessert looks like an ordinary bar. The filling is combined, and consists of chocolate, cookies and caramel. It is covered with chocolate icing. Sweets have an unusual exquisite taste. Separately, it is worth noting the design of the dessert wrapper, inspired by Japanese motifs.

The advantages of these unusually tasty sweets include their low price - 47 rubles for a package weighing 180 g.

4.

Sweets from the Krasny Oktyabr factory are a taste familiar to many since childhood. Delicacy is rightfully one of the most delicious and popular Russian sweets.

Sweets are delicious - chocolate icing, filling and waffles create a harmonious combination.

Among the shortcomings of the delicacy, only an excessively thick layer of chocolate icing and a rather high price of sweets can be noted.

The average cost of sweets is 640-700 rubles per 1 kg.

3.

It belongs to one of the most delicious sweets in Russia. This is a set that includes 15 sweets with three fillings: milk chocolate, creamy caramel, hazelnuts and almonds. Miniature chocolate bars are wrapped in foil. Inside is a small message with nice words.

Benefits of treats:

natural milk chocolate;
sweets do not contain vegetable fats;
delicate rich taste.

The cost of a set weighing 118 grams is from 219 to 326 rubles.

2.

From the Krasny Oktyabr factory - not only one of the most delicious, but also the oldest candies in Russia. The composition of the delicacy, as well as the packaging, has come down to our time with virtually no changes. They started producing sweets even before the revolution (presumably in the 1880s-1890s) in the Einem workshop, which is now called Red October. The wrapper for sweets was created by the artist Emanuil Andreev, who took Shishkin's painting "Morning in a Pine Forest" as a basis.

The composition of the oldest sweets from the Krasny Oktyabr factory has practically not changed: a delicate praline between two wafers is covered with chocolate icing.

The price of the legendary delicacy is from 700 to 800 rubles per kg.

1.

With delicate almond cream and whole almonds - one of the most delicious sweets in Russia.

The almond kernel is encased in a nut cream, topped with a crispy waffle and wrapped in fresh chocolate icing. The waffle is sprinkled with pleasantly crunchy small nuts. Almond cream is extraordinarily gentle. The manufacturer managed to achieve a harmonious combination of delicate filling, crispy whole nuts and hard chocolate icing.

The average price of sweets is 257 rubles for a package weighing 240 g.