Биография киплинга. Киплинг биография на английском Редьярд киплинг биография на английском с переводом

КИПЛИНГ, РЕДЬЯРД (Kipling, Rudyard) (1865-1936), английский писатель. Лауреат Нобелевской премии по литературе 1907. Родился 30 декабря 1865 в Бомбее (Индия).

Отец, крупный специалист по истории индийского искусства, был директором музея; мать происходила из известной лондонской семьи; оба деда были методистскими священниками. В шесть лет мальчика отослали в Англию на попечение кальвинистской семьи. В 1882 шестнадцатилетний Редьярд вернулся в Индию и устроился помощником редактора в лахорской газете.

Не по летам развитый юноша удивлял местное общество

проницательными суждениями о тайных пружинах колониального правления и знанием Индии, почерпнутым в основном в разговорах с энциклопедически образованным отцом. Ежегодные отпуска в гималайском городе Симле стали источником многих работ писателя. В 1886 он выпустил книгу стихов Департаментские песни (Departmental Ditties). За ней последовали Простые рассказы с гор (Plain Tales from the Hills, 1888) – лаконичные, зачастую грубоватые рассказы о жизни британской Индии. В 1887 Киплинг перешел в газету “Пайонир” в Аллахабаде.

Лучшие его рассказы вышли в Индии, в дешевых изданиях, и позже были собраны в книгах Три солдата (Soldiers Three) и Ви-Вилли-Винки (Wee Willie Winkie), содержащих картины жизни британской армии в Индии.

В 1889 Киплинг путешествовал по всему миру, писал дорожные заметки. В октябре он приехал в Лондон и почти сразу сделался знаменитостью. Следующий год стал годом славы Киплинга.

Начав с Баллады о Востоке и Западе (The Ballad of East and West), он шел к новой манере английского стихосложения, создав Песни казармы (Barrack-Room Ballads).

С выходом первого романа Киплинга Свет погас (The Light That Failed) (1890) связаны некоторые библиографические трудности, поскольку он появился в двух вариантах – один со счастливым концом, другой с трагическим. Из-за переутомления здоровье писателя пошатнулось, и большую часть 1891 он провел в путешествиях по Америке и британским доминионам. Вернувшись в январе 1892, женился на сестре американского издателя У. Балестьера, в соавторстве с которым написал не имевший успеха роман Науланка (Naulanka, 1892).

Во время медового месяца, который чета Киплингов проводила в Японии, банковский крах оставил их без гроша, и они обосновались в доме Балестьеров в Братлборо (шт. Вермонт). За четыре года, прожитых в Америке, Киплинг написал лучшие свои произведения. Это рассказы, вошедшие в сборники Масса выдумок (Many Inventions, 1893) и Труды дня (The Day’s Work, 1898), стихи о кораблях, о море и моряках-первопроходцах, собранные в книге Семь морей (Seven Seas, 1896), и две Книги джунглей (Jungle Books, 1894-1895). В 1896 он написал книгу Отважные мореплаватели (Captains Courageous).

Жизнь Киплингов в Новой Англии закончилась нелепой ссорой с шурином, и в 1896 они вернулись в Англию. По совету врачей писатель проводил зимы в Южной Африке, где сблизился с идеологами колониализма А. Милнером, Л. С. Джеймсоном и С. Родсом. Был военным корреспондентом во время англо-бурской войны 1899-1902.

На вершине славы и богатства Киплинг избегал публичности, игнорировал враждебную критику, отказался от звания поэта-лауреата и многих почестей. В 1902 он поселился в глухой деревне в графстве Суссекс. В 1901 Киплинг выпустил роман Ким (Kim), свое прощальное слово к Индии, в 1902 – восхитительную детскую книгу Сказки просто так (Just So Stories).

К середине жизни писателя его литературная манера изменилась, теперь он писал неторопливо, осмотрительно, тщательно выверяя написанное. Для двух книг исторических рассказов Пак с холма Пука (Puck of Pook’s Hill, 1906) и Награды и Феи (Rewards and Fairies, 1910) характерен более высокий строй чувств, некоторые из стихов достигают уровня чистой поэзии. Киплинг продолжал писать рассказы, собранные в книгах Пути и открытия (Traffics and Discoveries, 1904), Действие и противодействие (Actions and Reactions, 1909), Самые разные существа (A Diversity of Creatures, 1917), Дебет и кредит (Debits and Credits, 1926), Ограничение и обновление (Limits and Renewals, 1932).

В 1920-е годы популярность Киплинга уменьшилась. Гибель сына в Первую мировую войну и неотвязные болезни писатель перенес стоически. Умер Киплинг в Лондоне 18 января 1936.

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Rudyard Kipling was an English short-story writer, poet, and novelist. He wrote tales and poems of British soldiers in India and stories for children.

Rudyard Kipling short biography

Joseph Rudyard Kipling was born on 30 December 1865 in Bombay, British India. His father Lockwood Kipling was a sculptor and the head of department of the architectural sculpture at the Sir Jamsetjee Jeejeebhoy School of Art and Industry in Bombay. Rudyard’s mother Alice Kipling was a lively and cheerful woman. After spending some fabulous years in India, a six year old Kipling was sent to England where they lived with a couple Mr. and Mrs. Holloway as then was the custom for the British nationalists living in India. He was accompanied by his three year old sister Alice.

Those years under the bullying and maltreatment of Mrs. Holloway, were of humiliation, torture and obloquy as he sardonically recalls in his autobiography. However, they received the due love and affection at their maternal Aunt Georgia’s home that was denied at Holloway’s. The bad days came to an end in 1877, when Alice Kipling returned to England and took them away with her. The next year in 1878, Rudyard was sent to study at the United Service College at Westward Ho in Devon. Due to the financial difficulties of his parents, Rudyard abandoned his dream to study at Oxford and took up a job in Lahore-then a part of India- of an assistant editor in a local newspaper the Civil & Military Gazette.

Writer Career

While in Lahore, Kipling wrote over thirty stories for The Gazette beginning from the year 1886. In 1888, his first prose collection Plain Tales from the Hills was published in Calcutta. In 1887, Kipling became a part of a much renowned newspaper The Pioneer, Allahabad. Whilst working with the paper, Rudyard kept on writing and published six volumes of short stories including In Black and White, Soldiers Three and The Phantom Rickshaw. In 1889, he left the newspaper in response to a fall out with the authorities. He decided to move on to London to make his entry in the literary world there. He left India on 8 March 1889.

Several significant things happened in the next two years of his life, he wrote his first novel, The Light That Failed in 1891, and also met an American author and publishing agent, Wolcott Ballisterwith whom he worked together on a novel, The Naulahka. In the mean time, he also suffered from a nervous breakdown. Due to his continuously deteriorating health, his doctors advised him for a sea voyage, which he eventually embarked on in 1891 with an intention of visiting South Africa, Australia, New Zealand and India once again.However, his plans were cut short on account of the sudden demise of Wolcott Balestier from typhoid fever, and he immediately decided to return to London. Meanwhile, he wrote a collection of short stories about the British India called Life’s Handicap which was published in 1891 in London.

Marriage & Children

Before returning to London, he sent a telegram to propose to Wolcott’s sister Caroline (also called Carrie), with whom he had been apparently involved in sporadic romance. On 18 January 1892, Carrie and Rudyard were married in London, The ceremony was held at All Souls Church, Langham Place.

The Kipling couple move to the United States where their first daughter Josephine was born on 29 December 1892. It was after her birth, that he started writing the ‘Mowgli stories’ which later became known as The Jungle Book and with in the next few years, Rudyard had written a volume of short stories, a novel Captain Courageous and a several number of poetries together with The Seven seas.

In 1896, couple’s second daughter Elsie was born. After the British-American crisis broke out in 1895, the couple decided to move out of America where they underwent a series of embitter behavior from the natives. The couple left America for good in 1896.

Back in England, Kipling began to work more actively and fiercely. Recessional and The White Man’s Burden his two poems were published in 1897 and 1899 respectively and gave rise to huge controversies that will last for long. In 1897, the couple was overjoyed when their first and only son John Kipling was born in the month of August. However, a tragedy befell the family when their elder daughter died of pneumonia in 1899.

The Road to Success

In 1902, Kipling published another story Just So Stories for Little Children which would become one of his most acclaimed works following the success of Kim. He further wrote two science fictions With the Night Mail and As Easy as A.B.C. which made into print in 1905 and 1912 respectively.

The most active phase of his life was the first decade of 20 th century, when he was at the peak of his creative best. For him, 1907 brought along with it the greatest honor of the time, the Noble Prize for Literature. At the award function in Stockholm on 10 December 1907, Kipling became the first English language recipient of this great honor.

After this great accomplishment, came two great poetry and story compendiums: Puck of Pook’s hill and Reward and Fairies which were published in 1906 and 1910 respectively. The latter contained one of the most favorite poems of all times in English literature called “If…” This marvelous poem inciting readers for self-command and phlegm became Kipling’s one of the most famous poetry creation of all the times.

Kipling always remained politically expressive with his creations. He commiserated with the anti-Home Rule stand of the Irish Unionist .He also stroked chords of intellectuality with the Dublin-born leader Edward Carson who raised a potent voice against “Rome Rule” and also publicized his staunch opinion through his creations. Kipling also projected himself as a strong opponent of the Principles of Democratic centralism and Quasi-military discipline through his creations.

Despite his intellectual asset and enormous popularity, he was never made Poet Laureate. Different people quote different reasons behind it, some are of the view that he himself turned down the offer while others are of the opinion that Queen Victoria didn’t approve of him. However, this never came as a hurdle in Kipling’s literary career, he is still regarded as the best author and poet, English Language could ever get.

Later years & Death

Tragedy once again hit the family when his only son John Kipling died in 1915 at the ‘battle of Loos’. The untimely death of his son made Rudyard blame himself for his role in getting John in the Army at an early age of 17. The incident made him write a poem “My Boy Jack” in which he deeply mourns for his son cursing and blaming himself.

In year 1922, Kipling was elected the Lord Rector of St Andrews University in Scotland and remained on the position till 1925. Towards the end of his life, Kipling chose to take a backseat with his writing career, though he did not completely abandon it, the output was lesser. He died of a hemorrhage on 18 January 1936 and was cremated at Golden Green Crematorium

Киплинг Джозеф Редьярд

Stories from The Jungle Book / Книга джунглей

Джозеф Редьярд Киплинг родился в Мумбаи (Индия) в 1865 году. Наибольшую известность ему принесли его рассказы и стихи об Индии.

Особенно полюбились читателям произведения Киплинга для детей: «Книга джунглей», «Вторая книга джунглей» и «Сказки просто так».

«Книга джунглей» содержит несколько поучительных историй, главными действующими лицами которых являются животные.

В рассказе «Маугли – человеческий детеныш» повествуется о приключениях индийского ребенка, который, заблудившись в лесу, находит приют у семьи волков. В джунглях он заводит дружбу с медведем Балу и пантерой Багирой, а также вступает в противостояние с коварным тигром Шерханом.

«Рикки-тикки-тави» – история отважного мангуста, ставшего настоящим другом и защитником для семьи англичан.

Mowgli the man-cub

It was late afternoon. Father Wolf awoke from his sleep, yawned and stretched his legs. He pushed out his claws and looked at them. They were sharp and clean. It was time to go hunting for food. Mother Wolf sat watching her four cubs playing and rumbling around her.

Suddenly, her ears stood up and she stretched her neck. She could hear the leaves of a bush rustling.

She asked Father Wolf, “What is there?”

Father Wolf went to the mouth of the cave and looked out. From between the leaves, he could see a naked baby boy crawling towards the cave, laughing and shaking his curly head.

“Why, it’s a man-cub!” he exclaimed.

“A man-cub? Bring him here. I have never seen a man-cub before,” said Mother Wolf.

Father Wolf gently picked up the child by the neck with his teeth. This was the way he carried his own cubs. He put the child in front of her. There were no teeth marks on the child’s neck. The child did not struggle. He allowed Father Wolf to carry him. He was not afraid.

“He has no hair! He is naked!” exclaimed Mother Wolf. “Look at him. He is not afraid! He is pushing my cubs away to get my milk!”

Suddenly they heard Shere Khan’s growl outside the cave.

“What do you want?” asked Father Wolf.

“The man-cub,” Shere Khan answered. “I saw him crawl this way.”

“Go away. He is ours.”

“He is mine. Give him to me.”

Mother Wolf sprang up.

“The man-cub is mine. He will live with us,” she said. “He shall not be killed. One day he will hunt and kill you.”

Shere Khan knew she would not give him the man-cub, and the cave was too small for him to get into and take the cub away.

He turned to go, but growled before he went saying, “He will be mine one day.”

Mother Wolf looked at the child fondly.

“I’ll name him Mowgli. He is such a happy man-cub. Look at him playing with our cubs!”

Mowgli crawled up to her and lay down at her side. Mother Wolf smiled and put her paw over him.

It was the night of the full moon, when the wolf pack met at the Council Rock. Akela, the leader of the pack, sat on the Rock and watched the wolves bring their young cubs for inspection. This was the Law. The older wolves were required to see each new cub, before it became a member of the pack.

Mother Wolf also brought her four cubs and Mowgli for inspection. She was filled with anxiety. What would the pack say when they saw the man-cub? Would they allow him into the pack?

Akela said, “Look at the cubs carefully, O wolves.”

The cubs were brought to the centre. One by one the older wolves came, sniffed each one, looked carefully and then returned to their places.

“Look well, O wolves,” repeated Akela.

Father Wolf pushed Mowgli into the centre. Mother Wolf was very worried as she looked on. Mowgli was laughing and rolling the stones he had found. He was too busy playing to be afraid.

A growl came from behind a rock. It was Shere Khan.

“The cub is mine,” he growled. “You are wolves. What will you do with a man-cub?”

A young wolf asked, “Why do we have a man-cub here? He is not one of us.”

“I know,” said Akela, “but if two of the pack speak for him, he may stay.”

Father and Mother Wolf looked around and waited. They were not allowed to speak for him. No one spoke.

Suddenly they heard a grunt. It was Baloo, the brown bear. He was the teacher of the wolf cubs. He taught them the Laws of the Jungle.

He said, “I speak for the man-cub. Let him be one of the pack. I shall teach him.”

“But we need one more,” said Akela.

A soft voice purred. “I come as a friend, Akela.” It was Bagheera, the black panther. “I speak for the man-cub. Let him stay, and I will give you a fat bull that I have just killed.”

“A fat bull, did you say?” asked the pack. They were always hungry. “Of course the man-cub can stay!”

Shere Khan was very angry. He gave a loud roar and returned to his lair.

Mowgli spent a wonderful time among the wolves for ten whole summers. He loved Father and Mother Wolf. They in turn loved him as one of their cubs. Mother Wolf was very kind to him. She would often say, “I love him more than any son of mine.”

Their cubs were his brothers and they all played together. Mowgli was really very happy.

Father Wolf taught him many things about the jungle, its sounds and dangers.

Mowgli roamed the jungle. He ate when he was hungry, slept when sleepy, and swam in the jungle pool when he felt hot, or when he wanted to wash himself.

Baloo taught him the Laws of the Jungle and the Hunting Verse: “Feet that make no noise, eyes that can see in the dark, ears that can hear the winds, and sharp white teeth, all these are the marks of our brothers.”

Baloo also taught him the Wood and Water Laws: how to tell when a branch was rotten or strong before climbing it, how to speak politely to bees if he came upon a hive, and how to warn the water snakes before he dived into pools and rivers.

Mowgli was also taught the calls of all the creatures living in the jungle. These would be of use to him when he was in danger and had to seek their help.

Mowgli often felt tired of learning so many things. Baloo made him repeat everything. Sometimes, Mowgli would not listen to him. Then Baloo would cuff him.

Bagheera frequently sat on the branch of a tree and watched Baloo and Mowgli. He loved the man-cub and called him Little Brother. So did Baloo.

One day, when Baloo had cuffed him, Mowgli ran off and hid behind a tree. He was very angry. Bagheera said to Baloo, “Why do you cuff him so much? He is very young.”

“Not too young to get killed,” replied Baloo. “A cuff from me is better than that, is it not?”

“A soft cuff, yes, but just now you cuffed him straight over that rock! You will kill him some day.”

“It was a hard cuff, was it?” asked Baloo. He loved Mowgli. Had he really hurt him?

“Mowgli,” he called gently, “come and show Bagheera all the wonderful things you have learnt.”

Mowgli was never angry for long, and he loved to show off. He came out from behind the tree and asked, “What do you want to hear?”

“Say the word for the Hunting People, the Bears.”

“We be of one blood, you and I,” said Mowgli in the correct bear talk.

“And for the Birds?”

Mowgli let out a kite’s whistle.

“And now for the Snake People.”

The answer was a perfect hiss. Mowgli clapped his hands happily and jumped on Bagheera’s back.

“See how well Mowgli has learnt everything,” Baloo said to Bagheera. “Without my cuffs, he would not have learnt. Now he does not have to fear anybody.”

“Of course, he has to,” replied Bagheera. “He must fear man, his own tribe.”

Mowgli was jumping on Bagheera’s back, pulling and pushing him.

“What is the matter, Little Brother?” Bagheera asked.

“One day I will have a tribe of my own,” Mowgli replied proudly. “I shall be its leader. We will go from branch to branch and have a wonderful time.”

Baloo and Bagheera were shocked.

“What are you talking about?” asked Baloo, very angry.

Mowgli was surprised. He looked at Bagheera and saw that he was angry too.

“Have you been with the Bandar-log, the Monkey People?”

“The Bandar-log are the grey apes, who have no law and eat everything,” added Bagheera.

Mowgli nodded his head.

He said, “One day, when Baloo had cuffed me, I went into the jungle and met the Bandar-log. They were very good to me and gave me nuts and many other things to eat. They carried me from tree to tree. It was wonderful. They said that I was their brother without a tail. They even said that they would make me their leader one day.”

Baloo was furious.

“They are liars,” he said. “They have never had a leader and never will. You are not to meet them again.”

“But why not?” Mowgli wanted to know. “They were kind and good to me, and have invited me to go with them again. They are like me – they stand on their feet and use their hands to pluck nuts and fruit. They really are very kind. I liked playing with them.”

“Listen to me, man-cub,” said Baloo sternly. “I have taught you the laws of the jungle and the calls of all the creatures that live here. The only thing I have not taught you is about the Bandar-log. Why? It is because they have no law and no call. They have no speech. They chatter all the time, living on the branches. We, of the jungle, do not go where they go, or drink water from the same waterhole. You, too, will do the same.”

Mowgli had never seen Baloo so angry. He was always kind. Mowgli knew that he had not done the right thing, so he nodded. Suddenly nuts and sticks hit them on their heads. Mowgli looked up and saw many chattering monkeys swinging from branch to branch.

The Bandar-log were exactly as Baloo had said. They had no leader and no speech. They lived on trees. The animals of the jungle lived on the ground and they did not look up at them. They never met them and kept away from them.

But the Bandar-log had watched Mowgli. They had seen him weaving mats with straw and sticks. They found that wonderful. They thought that they could learn many things from him, and this would make them wise. Then all the creatures of the jungle would take note of them and envy them. They decided to carry him away and make him their leader.

So one day, when Mowgli was sleeping, the Bandar-log swooped down from the trees and carried him off. Mowgli opened his eyes and found that he was being carried away through the trees.

He cried out aloud. Baloo and Bagheera woke up, and were horrified to see the Bandar-log carry their Little Brother away.

Mowgli was very angry with himself. He should have listened to Baloo and kept away from these silly chattering monkeys. He felt dizzy as he was swung from branch to branch and from tree to tree.

Mowgli looked up and saw Chil, the kite, flying over him. He gave the kite a call for help. Chil was surprised to hear the call and looked down. He was even more surprised to hear a man-cub say the Master Word.

Mowgli called out to him, saying, “We are of one blood, you and I. Mark my trail. Tell Baloo and Bagheera. Go quickly.”

“Who are you, brother?” Chil asked.

“I am Mowgli, the man-cub. Mark my trail,” he repeated, “and hurry to Baloo and Bagheera.”

The monkeys carried him to the place the jungle creatures called the Cold Lairs. It was an old, ruined city, with its walls crumbling down. The monkeys lived here because there was a large water tank. No jungle creature ever came here, so they had the water to themselves.

Baloo and Bagheera were filled with grief. They had woken in time to see Mowgli being carried away.

“You should have warned him,” said Bagheera to Baloo. “You have taught him many things, but not all. You did not tell him about the silly, chattering Bandar-log. They could drop him while carrying him over the trees. He will surely die from such a fall.”

Baloo was too full of grief to reply. Chil spotted them as he flew over. He gave them Mowgli’s message.

“He knew the Master Word!” Chil exclaimed.

“What is the use?” wailed Baloo. “He may be dead by now.”

“Do not be so full of grief, Baloo,” comforted Bagheera. “The monkeys will be careful because they want him. Also, the man-cub is wise and well-taught. But as long as he is with them, he is not safe.”

“Oh, I am such a fat, stupid fool,” wailed Baloo again. “But, Bagheera, the Bandar-log fear Kaa, the snake, because he can climb trees, and he steals young monkeys in the night.”

“What can he do? He cannot move fast, as he has no feet.”

“He is a cunning old creature. Better still, he is always hungry,” said Baloo. “Come, we’ll go and seek his help. If he helps, we will promise him many goats.”

Both of them set off to look for Kaa. They found him sunning himself. His new coat was shining in the sun. (A snake sheds its skin when a new skin has formed inside.)

Kaa was a very big snake. Every creature in the jungle was afraid of his strength. Once he caught an animal and got it in his coils, he crushed it to death and then swallowed it.

Kaa was hungry. He said, “Hello, Baloo and Bagheera. What are you doing here? Have you any news of food for me? I am so hungry.”

“We are hunting,” answered Baloo. He did not want Kaa to know that they had come to seek his help. Kaa would never let them forget that.

“I’ll come with you,” Kaa said eagerly. “The last time I climbed a tree, it was dry and rotten and I nearly fell to my death. The Bandar-log were there and they called me such bad names.”

“Oh, the Bandar-log are shameless,” said Bagheera. “I once heard them say that you were old and had lost all your teeth.”

He could see that Kaa was very angry. His long body wriggled in anger.

Baloo decided to speak out. “Actually, it’s the Bandar-log we are following.”

“They have taken away our man-cub.”

“Man-cub? I have heard of him.”

“Yes, Kaa, the man-cub. He is the wisest, the best and the boldest of my pupils,” Baloo boasted. “And we love him very much. We call him our Little Brother.”

“The Bandar-log fear me,” said Kaa. “They are such chattering creatures. I may be of help. Indeed, I am sure I can be of help. Where did you say they had taken the man-cub?”

“To the Cold Lairs. That is the message Chil gave us. I am going as fast as I can,” said Bagheera, and then asked, “Kaa, will you come with us?”

“Of course, I will,” said Kaa, ready to set off. “And though I have no feet, I can go as fast as you can.”

“Baloo, you follow us,” said Bagheera.

Baloo was big and heavy and could not move fast.

They knew the place. It was an old city, lost and buried in the jungle. The roofless palace was on top of a hill. Broken walls of temples and houses were scattered around.

The monkeys liked this place because no jungle creature ever came here, and there was a water tank. This was their drinking hole and their bathing place, too. Hundreds of them lived here in the Cold Lairs.

The Bandar-log brought Mowgli to this place. There was great rejoicing when the other monkeys saw him. Now they could learn many things from him and become wise.

Mowgli was terrified to see so many monkeys, chattering around him. Some of them were trying to snatch him, others were feeling his hairless body.

Mowgli was tired and hungry and wanted to get away from this horrible place. From the corner of his eye, he noticed Bagheera climbing up the broken walls. The monkeys saw him, too. Chattering loudly, hundreds of them jumped on him. Bagheera tried to beat them back. They were trying to tear him to pieces.

Конец бесплатного ознакомительного фрагмента.

ВЫДАЮЩИЕСЯ ЛЮДИ

РЕДЬЯРДА КИПЛИНГА KIPLING

Joseph редьярда киплинга Kipling was born in Bombay, India in 1865. His father, John Lockwood Kipling, had come to Bombay after being appointed to a teaching post at a Bombay school of art. Indian servants took care of редьярда киплинга and taught him the Hindi language of India.

When Kipling was 5 years old, his parents brought him to Southsea, England, near Portsmouth. It was the custom of English parents living in India to remove their children from the heat and deadly diseases of the colony by sending them to school in England.

At the age of 12, Kipling was enrolled at the United Services College, a school established to educate inexpensively the sons of Army officers.

Limited family finances prevented Kipling from going to a university. In 1882, he returned to India instead and joined the staff of the «Civil and Military Gazette», a newspaper in the northwestern city of Lahore. By 1886, his feature articles and stories had attracted a wide readership.

In 1887, Kipling joined the staff of the «Pioneer», a newspaper in Аллахабад. He wrote articles based on his travels in northern India. Many were later collected in the book «From Sea to Sea» (1899).

Kipling returned to England in 1889. Kipling"s first novel «The Light That Failed» was published in 1890. The novel about an artist going blind received mixed reviews, but Kipling by this time was the most talked about writer in both England and the United States.

In 1892 Kipling married Carrie, a sister of his American literary agent Wolcott Balestier.

In 1894 Kipling wrote «The Jungle Book», and later «The Second Jungle Book», children"s stories that gained a wide audience international. «The Jungle Book» describes the adventures of Mowgli, an Indian child who gets lost in the jungle and is brought up by a family of wolves.

Kipling returned to the subject of India in his finest novel, «Kim» (1900). The story tells of an Irish orphan who adopts early and completely to Indian ways. The novel became a classic because of its rich rendering of the multiple cultures of India. It offers portraits of unforgettable characters - especially native Indians.

Another book of children"s stories, the «Just So Stories», appeared in 1902. It gives humorous explanations of such questions as how the leopard got its sports and how the elephant got its trunk.

Kipling"s later works reveal a darkened view of the world. His daughter, Josephine, died of pneumonia in 1899, and his son, John, died in 1915 in the Battle of Loos during World War I. His concerns about his own health coloured the fiction of his later years. He suffered from a ulcer bleeding for years before it was finally diagnosed in 1933. An unfinished autobiography «Something of Myself», was published in 1937, after his death.

Редьярда киплинга Kipling was a leading English short story writer, poet and novelist. He was best known for his stories about India. Kipling wrote more than 300 short stories, which illustrate a wide variety of narrative techniques. His children"s stories became popular worldwide. In 1907, Kipling was the first English writer to receive the Nobel Prize for literature.

QUESTIONS

1. When and where was Kipling born?

2. Where did he go when he was 5?

3. Did he go to the University after school?

4. What of .his books are about India?

5. Was Kipling a popular writer during his lifetime?

6. Which of his books are for children?

VOCABULARY

to appoint - назначать

deadly disease - смертельная болезнь

to поступить - зачислять

inexpensively - недорого

to gain - завоевывать

ulcer - язва

РЕДЬЯРД КИПЛИНГ

Джозеф Редьярд Кішіінг родился в Бомбее, Индия, в 1865 г. Его отец, Джон Локвуд Киплинг, приехал в Бомбей, когда был назначен учителем рисования в школе. Индийские слуги заботились о Редьярда и учили индийского языка хинди.

Когда Киплингу было 5 лет, родители отправили его в Саузсі, Англия, около Портсмута. Традиции английских родителей, которые жили в Индии, было отправлять своих детей подальше от жары и смертельных болезней колонии в школу в Англии.

В возрасте 12 лет Киплинг был зачислен в колледж Объединенных Служб, где недорого могли получить образование дети военных офицеров.

Ограниченные финансы семьи не позволили Киплингу поступить в университет. В 1882 г. он вернулся в Индию и попал в состав «Гражданской и военной газеты» северо-западного города Лахор. В 1886 г. его художественные статьи и рассказы привлекли внимание широкого круга читателей.

В 1887 г. Киплинг присоединился к редакции газеты «Пионер» в Аллахабаде. Он писал статьи, основанные на путешествиях по Северной Индии. Многие из них позже были собраны в книгу «От моря до моря» (1899 p.).

В 1889 г. Киплинг вернулся в Англию. Первый роман Киплинга «Огни погасли» был опубликован в 1890 г. Роман о художнике, который ослеп, получил разные отзывы, но на то время Киплинг был хорошо известен в Англии и Америке.

В 1892 г. Киплинг женился на Керри, сестрой своего американского литературного агента Уолкотта Бейлстера.

В 1894 г. Киплинг написал «Книгу джунглей» и позже «Вторую книгу джунглей», рассказы для детей, которые нашли широкую международную аудиторию. «Книга джунглей» описывает приключения Маугли, индийского мальчика, который потерялся в джунглях и воспитывался семьей волков.

В своем замечательном романе «Ким» (1900 г.) Киплинг вернулся к теме Индии. В этой книге рассказывается об ирландском сироту, который вполне приспособился к индийскому образу жизни. Роман стал классическим-за его богатое отражение многочисленных культур Индии. В книге есть незабываемые персонажи, особенно коренные индейцы.

Другая книга детских рассказов «Просто рассказы» вышла в 1902 г. В ней даются юмористические ответы на вопросы о том, откуда у леопарда появились пятна и как у слона появился хобот.

Поздние работы Киплинга передают пессимистическое восприятие мира. Его дочь Жозефина умерла от воспаления легких в 1899 г., а его сын Джон погиб в 1915 г. в битве под Лузом во время Первой мировой войны. Его переживания о своем здоровье повлияли на художественные произведения последних лет. Он страдал от кровоточащей язвы, много лет, перед тем как ему поставили диагноз в 1933 г. Его неоконченная автобиография «Немного о себе» была опубликована в 1937 p., после его смерти.

Редьярд Киплинг был ведущим английским писателем коротких рассказов, поэтом и романистом. Его хорошо знали из рассказов об Индии. Киплинг написал более 300 коротких рассказов, которые иллюстрируют широкое разнообразие повествовательных приемов. Детские рассказы Киплинга стали известны во всем мире. В 1907 г. Киплинг стал первым английским писателем, получившим Нобелевскую премию в области литературы.

Биография на английском языке поможет узнать о жизни известного писателя.

Киплинг краткая биография на английском языке

Kipling was an English writer and winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature.

Rudyard Kipling was born in Bombay, India, on 30 December 1865. His father was an artist and teacher. In 1870, Kipling was taken back to England to stay with a foster family in Southsea and then to go to boarding school in Devon. In 1882, he returned to India and worked as a journalist, writing poetry and fiction in his spare time. Books such as ‘Plain Tales from the Hills’ (1888) gained success in England, and in 1889 Kipling went to live in London.

In 1892, Kipling married Caroline Balestier, and the couple moved to Vermont in the United States, where her family lived. Their two daughters were born there and Kipling wrote ‘The Jungle Book’ (1894). In 1896, a quarrel with his wife’s family prompted Kipling to move back to England and he settled with his own family in Sussex. His son John was born in 1897.

By now Kipling had become an immensely popular writer and poet for children and adults. His books included ‘Stalky and Co.’ (1899), ‘Kim’ (1901) and ‘Puck of Pook’s Hill’ (1906). The ‘Just So Stories’ (1902) were originally written for his daughter Josephine, who died of pneumonia aged six.

Kipling turned down many honours in his lifetime, including a knighthood and the poet laureateship, but in 1907, he accepted the Nobel Prize for Literature, the first English author to be so honoured.

In 1902, Kipling bought a 17th century house called Bateman’s in East Sussex where he lived for the rest of his life. He also travelled extensively, including repeated trips to South Africa in the winter months.

In 1915, his son, John, went missing in action while serving with the Irish Guards in the Battle of Loos during World War One. Kipling had great difficulty accepting his son’s death — having played a major role in getting the chronically short-sighted John accepted for military service — and subsequently wrote an account of his regiment, ‘The Irish Guards in the Great War’.